CN107593259A - A kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape - Google Patents

A kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107593259A
CN107593259A CN201711054097.4A CN201711054097A CN107593259A CN 107593259 A CN107593259 A CN 107593259A CN 201711054097 A CN201711054097 A CN 201711054097A CN 107593259 A CN107593259 A CN 107593259A
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fruit
parts
quality
grape
cultural method
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周咏梅
谢太理
韩佳宇
张瑛
林玲
时晓芳
曹雄军
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape, belongs to planting technology field.The cultural method includes the steps such as winter pruning, flower spike management, fruit management, summer pruning, winter flower spike management, winter fruit management.The present invention combines the habit of grape in actual production, adjust growing environment, the usage time and dosage of germinator are controlled when wherein trimming in the winter time, flower spike manages the usage time and dosage of time control pharmacy liquid, manure use and growth regulator mixed solution carry out pouring root etc. during the management of winter fruit in the winter time, usage amount and the time of pollution medicine are controlled, effectively increases the quality of grape.

Description

A kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape.
【Background technology】
Grape is that a kind of fruit includes polyphenols and enriched, there are stronger anti-aging effects and by consumers in general Favor, its effect mainly shows following two aspects:(1) grape is rich in strong anti-oxidation material, and can effectively remove human body has Harmful free radical;(2) can be with anti-aging containing natural anti-inflammatory composition in grape.With carrying for modern people's living standard Height, after basic have enough to eat and wear is met, the fruit of high-quality nutrition turns into part indispensable in daily life.China is fruit The ratio that big producer, wherein grape account for whole fruit is very high, and grape fruit fragranced is beautiful, nutritive value is rich in, except fruit juice is rich Richness, sour-sweet moderate, fragrance is tasty outer, also containing abundant carbohydrate, organic acid, mineral matter, cellulose, protein, amino acid and Multivitamin, particularly Vitamin C content are high compared with other fruit, are the main fruit kinds of people's consumption.
Table Grape Varieties are received in the south plantation of high temperature and humidity within 1 year two, and summer high temperature is rainy, the high-quality cultivation to grape Training has a great impact, and excessive rainfall, easily forms flood, influences absorption of the root system to nutriment, is also easy to grow disease Evil, adverse effect is brought to the growing of grape, ripe and berry quality, while the number that causes to spray is excessive, and it is safe to influence fruit Property, high temperature causes red, purple, the coloring of black Table Grape difficult in addition, exterior quality is had a strong impact on, so one batch of fruit (summer Fruit) fruit quality do not reach the requirements of high-quality grapes.If the method according to being received for 1 year two in current production carries out the regrowth hair fruit (winter Fruit) trimming, winter low temperature is too low and cause acidity in winter fruits too high during regrowth hair fruit maturation, and does not reach the high-quality Portugal of production The requirement of grape, if production management is improper, or even the yield and quality that summer next year fruit will be had a strong impact on.In addition, in grape flowers and fruits During management, the plant growth regulator such as gibberellin are often used, once the use age not pair or dosage is excessive, does not cause fruit Quality decline and security decline.
In recent years, because the Consciousness of food security of people is more and more stronger, while fruit high-quality nutrition is emphasized, to safety Health it is also proposed higher requirement, after particularly a series of food safety affairs occur, edible safety of the consumer to fruit Also focus more on.China's grape species is more, planting range is wide, cropping pattern difference is big, causes quality safety level to differ greatly, be dirty The species for contaminating thing is different.Therefore, a kind of cultivation technique of suitable southern area production high-quality and safety grape is developed just to seem It is extremely important.
【The content of the invention】
In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to provide a kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape, the cultural method is not only Safety and it can effectively improve the quality of grape.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:A kind of high-quality and safety cultivation side of Table Grape Method, this method include following steps:
1) in mid or late Febuary then, short cane pruning is carried out to the bearing basal shoot of Table Grape, stays 4-5 bud, and to except top Bud outside end applies germinator;Before trimming 10 days to 15 days after vernalization, it is necessary to pour water, to ensure that rudiment is neat, vernalization complete 3 days Afterwards, with the clear garden of lime sulfur once, every 7 Tian Zaiqing gardens once, to prevent florescence pest and disease damage;
2) at early and middle ten dayses florescence in April, flower thinning, flower and fruit protecting is carried out, is expanded, fruit thinning;Flower spike only stays fringe point 3-5cm's Little Hua, remaining is removed;When flower spike all it is small the flowers are in blossom put when, dip 12ppm Gibberellins solutions 2 seconds, flick flower spike, allow unnecessary medicine Liquid drops, and promotes to bear fruit;After 7 days, reprocessed once using same medicament and concentration, promote Fruit;Remove overstocked Fruit and too small fruit, fruit 60-70 grains are stayed per fringe;Tip fruit is than control 1:1, every mu is stayed fruit ear 2000-2400 fringes, control Per mu yield is in 1000-1200kg;
3) in early and middle ten dayses fruit expanding period in May, every mu is applied potassium sulfate 20Kg, calcium nitrate 10Kg, magnesium sulfate 10kg, sets disk Open fertilizing by shallow furrowing use;
4) in early and middle ten dayses grape veraison in June, ground paving silver reflective membrane, fruit ear non-woven bag bagging, to promote to turn Color;
5) after early July harvests, every mu of 1000 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers, 40 kilograms of composite fertilizer, tree disk are applied, to recover Tree vigo(u)r, promote winter fruit into flower;
6) in 10 days-August of August 20 days, to Table Grape, bearing basal shoot carries out long cane pruning then, stays 6-8 bud, blade All remove, top bud is dipped into germinator 2 seconds, gently trembles branch, allows unnecessary decoction to drop, to reach forced dormancy with urging The purpose that bud is sprouted, normal water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
7) in early September, when young sprout has 3-5 piece leaves, progress inflorescence elongation, with 5ppm Gibberellins solution spraying decoration fringes;Often Mu stays fruit ear 1200-1500 fringes, and control per mu yield is in 480-600kg;Hang blue insect-sticking plate 40 for every mu to open, endangered to prevent thrips;
8) early December, in the fruit development later stage, filled with 500 times of organic fertilizer and 50,000 times of mixed solutions of growth regulator Root processing, every mu of amount of application is 700 kg of solution, to improve the sugar content of fruit, reduces acidity.
Preferably, in step 1), the germinator includes the aqueous solution of following concentration components:Gibberellin (GA3) 300~ 1000mg/L, 600~1200mg/L of Chinese medicine additive, predominant quantity part of the Chinese medicine additive are:Eggplant leaf 6~ 9 parts, 6~9 parts of balsampear leaf, 3~6 parts of corn stigma, 3~6 parts of cauliflower, 1.2~2.6 parts of leaf of Japanese banana, 0.9~1.8 part of Canton love-pea vine, 0.3~0.9 part of plant ash.
Preferably, predominant quantity part of the Chinese medicine additive is:6 parts of eggplant leaf, 6 parts of balsampear leaf, corn stigma 3 Part, 3 parts of cauliflower, 1.2 parts of leaf of Japanese banana, 0.9 part of Canton love-pea vine, 0.3 part of plant ash.
Preferably, predominant quantity part of the Chinese medicine additive is:9 parts of eggplant leaf, 9 parts of balsampear leaf, corn stigma 6 Part, 6 parts of cauliflower, 2.6 parts of leaf of Japanese banana, 1.8 parts of Canton love-pea vine, 0.9 part of plant ash.
Preferably, the pest and disease damage in step 1) is downy mildew, thrips.
Preferably, in step 2), auxiliary agent is added in the Gibberellins solution.
Preferably, in step 5), the N-P-K content of the composite fertilizer is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
The present invention combines the habit of grape in actual production, growing environment is adjusted, wherein trimming time control in the winter time Use, dosage and the time of germinator processed, flower spike manage the usage time and dosage of time control pharmacy liquid, in the winter time winter fruit pipe Manure use and growth regulator mixed solution carry out pouring root etc. during reason, control the use of pollution medicine, effectively carry The high quality of grape.
【Embodiment】
The following examples can help those skilled in the art that the present invention is more completely understood, but cannot be with any Mode limits the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape, including have the following steps:
1) in mid or late Febuary then, short cane pruning is carried out to the bearing basal shoot of Table Grape, stays 4-5 bud, and to except top Bud outside end applies germinator;Before trimming 10 days to 15 days after vernalization, it is necessary to pour water, to ensure that rudiment is neat, vernalization complete 3 days Afterwards, with the clear garden of lime sulfur once, every 7 Tian Zaiqing gardens once, to prevent florescence pest and disease damage, such as downy mildew, thrips;The vernalization Agent includes the aqueous solution of following concentration components:Gibberellin (GA3) 300~1000mg/L, 600~1200mg/L of Chinese medicine additive, Predominant quantity part of the Chinese medicine additive is:6 parts of eggplant leaf, 6 parts of balsampear leaf, 3 parts of corn stigma, 3 parts of cauliflower, fragrant plant 1.2 parts of any of several broadleaf plants leaf, 0.9 part of Canton love-pea vine, 0.3 part of plant ash;
2) at early and middle ten dayses florescence in April, flower thinning, flower and fruit protecting is carried out, is expanded, fruit thinning;Flower spike only stays fringe point 3-5cm's Little Hua, remaining is removed;When flower spike all it is small the flowers are in blossom put when, dip 12ppm Gibberellins solutions 2 seconds, flick flower spike, allow unnecessary medicine Liquid drops, and promotes to bear fruit;After 7 days, reprocessed once using same medicament and concentration, promote Fruit;Remove overstocked Fruit and too small fruit, fruit 60-70 grains are stayed per fringe;Tip fruit is than control 1:1, every mu is stayed fruit ear 2000-2400 fringes, control Per mu yield is in 1000-1200kg;Wherein, auxiliary agent is added in the Gibberellins solution;
3) in early and middle ten dayses fruit expanding period in May, every mu is applied potassium sulfate 20Kg, calcium nitrate 10Kg, magnesium sulfate 10kg, sets disk Open fertilizing by shallow furrowing use;
4) in early and middle ten dayses grape veraison in June, ground paving silver reflective membrane, fruit ear non-woven bag bagging, to promote to turn Color;
5) after early July harvests, every mu of 1000 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers, 40 kilograms of composite fertilizer, tree disk are applied, to recover Tree vigo(u)r, promote winter fruit into flower;The N-P-K content of the composite fertilizer is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%;
6) in 10 days-August of August 20 days, to Table Grape, bearing basal shoot carries out long cane pruning then, stays 6-8 bud, blade All remove, top bud is dipped into germinator 2 seconds, gently trembles branch, allows unnecessary decoction to drop, to reach forced dormancy with urging The purpose that bud is sprouted, normal water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
7) in early September, when young sprout has 3-5 piece leaves, progress inflorescence elongation, with 5ppm Gibberellins solution spraying decoration fringes;Often Mu stays fruit ear 1200-1500 fringes, and control per mu yield is in 480-600kg;Hang blue insect-sticking plate 40 for every mu to open, endangered to prevent thrips;
8) early December, in the fruit development later stage, filled with 500 times of organic fertilizer and 50,000 times of mixed solutions of growth regulator Root processing, every mu of amount of application is 700 kg of solution, to improve the sugar content of fruit, reduces acidity.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape, including have the following steps:
1) in mid or late Febuary then, short cane pruning is carried out to the bearing basal shoot of Table Grape, stays 4-5 bud, and to except top Bud outside end applies germinator;Before trimming 10 days to 15 days after vernalization, it is necessary to pour water, to ensure that rudiment is neat, vernalization complete 3 days Afterwards, with the clear garden of lime sulfur once, every 7 Tian Zaiqing gardens once, to prevent florescence pest and disease damage, such as downy mildew, thrips;The vernalization Agent includes the aqueous solution of following concentration components:Gibberellin (GA3) 300~1000mg/L, 600~1200mg/L of Chinese medicine additive, Predominant quantity part of the Chinese medicine additive is:9 parts of eggplant leaf, 9 parts of balsampear leaf, 6 parts of corn stigma, 6 parts of cauliflower, fragrant plant 2.6 parts of any of several broadleaf plants leaf, 1.8 parts of Canton love-pea vine, 0.9 part of plant ash;
2) at early and middle ten dayses florescence in April, flower thinning, flower and fruit protecting is carried out, is expanded, fruit thinning;Flower spike only stays fringe point 3-5cm's Little Hua, remaining is removed;When flower spike all it is small the flowers are in blossom put when, dip 12ppm Gibberellins solutions 2 seconds, flick flower spike, allow unnecessary medicine Liquid drops, and promotes to bear fruit;After 7 days, reprocessed once using same medicament and concentration, promote Fruit;Remove overstocked Fruit and too small fruit, fruit 60-70 grains are stayed per fringe;Tip fruit is than control 1:1, every mu is stayed fruit ear 2000-2400 fringes, control Per mu yield is in 1000-1200kg;Wherein, auxiliary agent is added in the Gibberellins solution;
3) in early and middle ten dayses fruit expanding period in May, every mu is applied potassium sulfate 20Kg, calcium nitrate 10Kg, magnesium sulfate 10kg, sets disk Open fertilizing by shallow furrowing use;
4) in early and middle ten dayses grape veraison in June, ground paving silver reflective membrane, fruit ear non-woven bag bagging, to promote to turn Color;
5) after early July harvests, every mu of 1000 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers, 40 kilograms of composite fertilizer, tree disk are applied, to recover Tree vigo(u)r, promote winter fruit into flower;The N-P-K content of the composite fertilizer is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%;
6) in 10 days-August of August 20 days, to Table Grape, bearing basal shoot carries out long cane pruning then, stays 6-8 bud, blade All remove, top bud is dipped into germinator 2 seconds, gently trembles branch, allows unnecessary decoction to drop, to reach forced dormancy with urging The purpose that bud is sprouted, normal water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
7) in early September, when young sprout has 3-5 piece leaves, progress inflorescence elongation, with 5ppm Gibberellins solution spraying decoration fringes;Often Mu stays fruit ear 1200-1500 fringes, and control per mu yield is in 480-600kg;Hang blue insect-sticking plate 40 for every mu to open, endangered to prevent thrips;
8) early December, in the fruit development later stage, filled with 500 times of organic fertilizer and 50,000 times of mixed solutions of growth regulator Root processing, every mu of amount of application is 700 kg of solution, to improve the sugar content of fruit, reduces acidity.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape, including have the following steps:
1) in mid or late Febuary then, short cane pruning is carried out to the bearing basal shoot of Table Grape, stays 4-5 bud, and to except top Bud outside end applies germinator;Before trimming 10 days to 15 days after vernalization, it is necessary to pour water, to ensure that rudiment is neat, vernalization complete 3 days Afterwards, with the clear garden of lime sulfur once, every 7 Tian Zaiqing gardens once, to prevent florescence pest and disease damage, such as downy mildew, thrips;The vernalization Agent includes the aqueous solution of following concentration components:Gibberellin (GA3) 300~1000mg/L, 600~1200mg/L of Chinese medicine additive, Predominant quantity part of the Chinese medicine additive is:8 parts of eggplant leaf, 8 parts of balsampear leaf, 4 parts of corn stigma, 4 parts of cauliflower, fragrant plant 2.2 parts of any of several broadleaf plants leaf, 1.4 parts of Canton love-pea vine, 0.6 part of plant ash;
2) at early and middle ten dayses florescence in April, flower thinning, flower and fruit protecting is carried out, is expanded, fruit thinning;Flower spike only stays fringe point 3-5cm's Little Hua, remaining is removed;When flower spike all it is small the flowers are in blossom put when, dip 12ppm Gibberellins solutions 2 seconds, flick flower spike, allow unnecessary medicine Liquid drops, and promotes to bear fruit;After 7 days, reprocessed once using same medicament and concentration, promote Fruit;Remove overstocked Fruit and too small fruit, fruit 60-70 grains are stayed per fringe;Tip fruit is than control 1:1, every mu is stayed fruit ear 2000-2400 fringes, control Per mu yield is in 1000-1200kg;Wherein, auxiliary agent is added in the Gibberellins solution;
3) in early and middle ten dayses fruit expanding period in May, every mu is applied potassium sulfate 20Kg, calcium nitrate 10Kg, magnesium sulfate 10kg, sets disk Open fertilizing by shallow furrowing use;
4) in early and middle ten dayses grape veraison in June, ground paving silver reflective membrane, fruit ear non-woven bag bagging, to promote to turn Color;
5) after early July harvests, every mu of 1000 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers, 40 kilograms of composite fertilizer, tree disk are applied, to recover Tree vigo(u)r, promote winter fruit into flower;The N-P-K content of the composite fertilizer is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%;
6) in 10 days-August of August 20 days, to Table Grape, bearing basal shoot carries out long cane pruning then, stays 6-8 bud, blade All remove, top bud is dipped into germinator 2 seconds, gently trembles branch, allows unnecessary decoction to drop, to reach forced dormancy with urging The purpose that bud is sprouted, normal water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
7) in early September, when young sprout has 3-5 piece leaves, progress inflorescence elongation, with 5ppm Gibberellins solution spraying decoration fringes;Often Mu stays fruit ear 1200-1500 fringes, and control per mu yield is in 480-600kg;Hang blue insect-sticking plate 40 for every mu to open, endangered to prevent thrips;
8) early December, in the fruit development later stage, filled with 500 times of organic fertilizer and 50,000 times of mixed solutions of growth regulator Root processing, every mu of amount of application is 700 kg of solution, to improve the sugar content of fruit, reduces acidity.
Described above is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair Bright patent claim, the equal change completed or modification change under the technical spirit suggested by all present invention, all should belong to Cover the scope of the claims in the present invention.

Claims (7)

  1. A kind of 1. high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape, it is characterised in that:This method includes following steps:
    1) in mid or late Febuary then, short cane pruning is carried out to the bearing basal shoot of Table Grape, stays 4-5 bud, and in addition to top Bud apply germinator;Before trimming 10 days to 15 days after vernalization, it is necessary to pour water, to ensure that rudiment is neat, vernalization complete 3 days after, use The clear garden of lime sulfur once, every 7 Tian Zaiqing gardens once, to prevent florescence pest and disease damage;
    2) at early and middle ten dayses florescence in April, flower thinning, flower and fruit protecting is carried out, is expanded, fruit thinning;Flower spike only stays that fringe point 3-5cm's is small Flower, remaining is removed;When flower spike all it is small the flowers are in blossom put when, dip 12ppm Gibberellins solutions 2 seconds, flick flower spike, allow unnecessary decoction Drop, promote to bear fruit;After 7 days, reprocessed once using same medicament and concentration, promote Fruit;Remove overstocked fruit Grain and too small fruit, fruit 60-70 grains are stayed per fringe;Tip fruit is than control 1:1, every mu is stayed fruit ear 2000-2400 fringes, controls mu Yield is in 1000-1200kg;
    3) in early and middle ten dayses fruit expanding period in May, every mu is applied potassium sulfate 20Kg, calcium nitrate 10Kg, magnesium sulfate 10kg, and tree disk is opened shallow Ditch is applied;
    4) in early and middle ten dayses grape veraison in June, ground paving silver reflective membrane, fruit ear non-woven bag bagging, to promote annesl;
    5) after early July harvests, every mu of 1000 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers, 40 kilograms of composite fertilizer, tree disk are applied, to recover to set Gesture, promote winter fruit into flower;
    6) in 10 days-August of August 20 days, to Table Grape, bearing basal shoot carries out long cane pruning then, stays 6-8 bud, blade whole Remove, top bud is dipped into germinator 2 seconds, gently trembles branch, allows unnecessary decoction to drop, is sprouted with reaching forced dormancy with vernalization The purpose of hair, normal water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
    7) in early September, when young sprout has 3-5 piece leaves, progress inflorescence elongation, with 5ppm Gibberellins solution spraying decoration fringes;Every mu is stayed Fruit ear 1200-1500 fringes, control per mu yield is in 480-600kg;Hang blue insect-sticking plate 40 for every mu to open, endangered to prevent thrips;
    8) early December, in the fruit development later stage, carried out with 500 times of organic fertilizer and 50,000 times of mixed solutions of growth regulator at pouring root Reason, every mu of amount of application is 700 kg of solution, to improve the sugar content of fruit, reduces acidity.
  2. 2. the high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described in step 1) Germinator includes the aqueous solution of following concentration components:Gibberellin (GA3) 300~1000mg/L, Chinese medicine additive 600~ 1200mg/L, predominant quantity part of the Chinese medicine additive are:6~9 parts of eggplant leaf, 6~9 parts of balsampear leaf, corn stigma 3 ~6 parts, 3~6 parts of cauliflower, 1.2~2.6 parts of leaf of Japanese banana, 0.9~1.8 part of Canton love-pea vine, 0.3~0.9 part of plant ash.
  3. 3. the high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:The Chinese medicine additive Predominant quantity part is:6 parts of eggplant leaf, 6 parts of balsampear leaf, 3 parts of corn stigma, 3 parts of cauliflower, 1.2 parts of leaf of Japanese banana, Canton love-pea vine 0.9 part, 0.3 part of plant ash.
  4. 4. the high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:The Chinese medicine additive Predominant quantity part is:9 parts of eggplant leaf, 9 parts of balsampear leaf, 6 parts of corn stigma, 6 parts of cauliflower, 2.6 parts of leaf of Japanese banana, Canton love-pea vine 1.8 parts, 0.9 part of plant ash.
  5. 5. the high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:Disease pest in step 1) Evil is downy mildew, thrips.
  6. 6. the high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described in step 2) Auxiliary agent is added in Gibberellins solution.
  7. 7. the high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described in step 5) The N-P-K content of composite fertilizer is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%.
CN201711054097.4A 2017-10-31 2017-10-31 A kind of high-quality and safety cultural method of Table Grape Pending CN107593259A (en)

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Application publication date: 20180119