CN114557271B - Root limiting soilless cultivation technology for red kiwi fruits - Google Patents
Root limiting soilless cultivation technology for red kiwi fruits Download PDFInfo
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] Chemical compound [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005739 Bordeaux mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NGLMYMJASOJOJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;calcium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ca].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NGLMYMJASOJOJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a root limiting soilless cultivation technology of red kiwi fruits, which comprises the following steps of: step 1: the substrate ratio: firstly, uniformly mixing imported seedling raising substrates, washed coconut coir and river sand according to the proportion of 1:3:1, then uniformly pouring carbendazim solution into the mixed seedling raising substrates according to the proportion of 1:5, and stirring the seedling raising substrates again to finally pile the seedling raising substrates. The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, the accurately proportioned carbendazim solution and the cultivation substrate of the kiwi fruit are uniformly mixed, so that germs in the seedling substrate can be effectively killed, the problem that the survival rate of kiwi fruit seedlings is low during cultivation due to the existence of germs in the seedling substrate is avoided, meanwhile, the environment required by kiwi fruit growth is simulated in a corresponding place, the cultivation place of the kiwi fruit is not limited to the soil of a production place, the planting range of the kiwi fruit is effectively enlarged, and the cultivation cost of the kiwi fruit is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture of red kiwi fruits, in particular to a root limiting soilless culture technology of red kiwi fruits.
Background
The kiwi fruit is a wild big vine, and the red kiwi fruit is a new variety cultivated by combining with wild resources, has better taste, higher yield and richer nutritional value of fruits, has medicinal value, contains rich vitamin C, vitamin A and various amino acids and minerals, is very beneficial to the development of human brains, and is called as vitamin C king and fruit king.
The red heart kiwi fruit has large leaves, rapid growth and hermaphroditic plants, can be planted for 3 years generally, can grow in slightly acidic and moist soil, has a root system of fleshy root and strong respiration, needs to ensure that the soil has good air permeability and oxygen content, and is sandy soil with rich organic matters, and the PH is preferably 5.5-7.
However, at present, red kiwi fruits are mainly cultivated by depending on soil resources of a production area when being planted, so that the planting range of the kiwi fruits is limited, meanwhile, germs exist in planting soil in the planting process, seedlings of the kiwi fruits are easy to attack during planting, the survival rate of the seedlings of the kiwi fruits is greatly reduced, the cultivation cost of the kiwi fruits is increased, and secondly, the kiwi fruits are planted only depending on the soil resources of the production area, so that nutrition supplementation of the kiwi fruits in different growth periods cannot be accurately controlled, and meanwhile, due to the existence of plant diseases and insect pests, the yield of the mature kiwi fruits is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a root limiting soilless cultivation technology for red kiwi fruits.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
a root limiting soilless culture technology of red kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
step 1: the substrate ratio: firstly, uniformly mixing imported seedling raising substrates, washed coconut coir and river sand according to the proportion of 1:3:1, uniformly pouring carbendazim solution into the mixed seedling raising substrates according to the proportion of 1:5, and stirring the seedling raising substrates again to finally pile the seedling raising substrates;
step 2: and (3) sterilizing a substrate: firstly, uniformly coating a layer of perlite with the thickness of 1.5cm on the mixed matrix to reduce water evaporation, uniformly punching two rows of holes on the upper part of a matrix pile by using a wood rod, sealing the holes by using a film, and fumigating the holes in sunlight for 10 days;
step 3: and (3) selecting a container: a root controller with the height of 50CM is selected, the fixed position of the root controller is designed into a circular container with the diameter of 1 meter, gardening ground cloths are paved in the container placement area, and the work load of post weeding is reduced while the appearance is attractive;
step 4: and (3) shed frame design: setting the interval of each shed frame to be 4 meters, fixing 4 square steel upright posts with the height of 2 meters as supports, arranging threading holes at the upper part, and fixing the pulling steel wires into a net shape to enable vines to grow along the steel wires;
step 5: and (3) planting management: in order to ensure the planting quality, the planting time of the kiwi fruits is after defoliation and before germination, and the grafted parts cannot be buried in soil, when the kiwi fruits are planted, large seedlings are preferentially selected for planting, and high-quality seedlings with strong plants and intact root systems are selected; in the planting process, the proportion problem of female and male plants of the fruit trees is considered, and the preparation proportion of the female plants to the male plants is recommended to be 5:1, a step of;
step 6: pruning management: selecting long tips for pruning, only leaving 1 main vine, fixing by using a branch binding device, enabling the branches to climb onto a canopy frame, and then configuring side branches; in the 1 st year of field planting, when the new shoots grow to 10cm, 2 main vines are selected as trunks, then the core is removed, and when the new shoots grow to about 30cm, 1 main vine is selected again as trunks, and other auxiliary shoots are erased; if the growth vigor of the young shoots is weak, the young shoots are cut in time to promote the young shoots to be updated, so that the young shoots grow robustly, and the pruning time is carried out in the middle of 12-1 months;
step 7: fertilizer and water management: the method is characterized in that only a formula A, a special formula B, a special formula C and a special formula D are respectively used in different periods of kiwi fruit growth, so that the normal kiwi fruit growth and yield increase are ensured;
step 8: pest control: firstly, cleaning a greenhouse, and collecting branches and tendrils and overground residue fallen leaves for centralized destruction after pruning; secondly, trunk whitewashing, namely preparing bordeaux mixture from copper sulfate, lime, table salt and water according to the proportion of 1.0:5.0:0.1:10.0 to carry out trunk whitewashing; thirdly, spraying with 3-5 DEG barium lime sulphur or spraying with 10-15 times of water by using crystalline lime sulphur; fourthly, treating the planting ground, and watering the Boerdos liquid on the planting ground for 1 time;
step 9: harvesting at proper time: the maturity of the kiwi fruits during harvesting has an important influence on the storage life and quality of the kiwi fruits, and the quality and flavor of the fruits can be influenced by too early or too late harvesting; when the content of soluble solid matters in fruits is 6% -7%, the fruits required to be stored for a long time are required to reach 7% -10%, when the fruits are harvested, the fruits are required to be lightly harvested and lightly placed, carefully transported and carried, the fruits are prevented from being hurt and stacked, the fruits are preferably packaged and put in storage along with the harvest, soft materials are used as pads at the bottom of a container for containing the fruits, the fruits are lightly harvested, the pedicel is not damaged by pulling, the fruit peel is not broken, the initially harvested fruits are hard and astringent in taste, the fruits are required to be softened after 7-10d, the fruits after being after-ripe are not suitable for being stored, and the fruits are required to be sold in time.
Further, since the coco coir in the step 1 contains a large amount of salt, in order to avoid the effect of coco coir on the final PH value of the matrix, it is necessary to measure EC of the coco coir matrix before use, and if EC is higher than 1.0, it is necessary to wash salt with calcium ammonium nitrate.
Further, the special formula A in the step 7 is a grid Lin Kaier kiwi fruit soilless special formula A, the formula contains a large amount of elements in percentage by mass, the nitrogen content is 19-23%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 8.5-12.5%, the potassium oxide content is 19.5-23.5%, and TE is added.
Further, the special formula B in the step 7 is a special formula B for the soil-free kiwi fruits of the grid Lin Kaier, the formula contains a large amount of elements in percentage by mass, the nitrogen content is 16-19%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.5-10.5%, the potassium oxide content is 18.5-21.5%, and TE is added.
Further, the special formula C in the step 7 is a special formula C for the soil-free kiwi fruits of the grid Lin Kaier, the formula contains a large amount of elements in percentage by mass, the nitrogen content is 8-11%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 28.5-31.5%, the potassium oxide content is 32.5-35.5%, and TE is added.
Further, the special formula D in the step 7 is a special formula D for the green Keel kiwi fruit soilless, the formula contains a large amount of elements in percentage by mass, wherein the nitrogen content is 10-15%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 2.5-4.5%, the potassium oxide content is 13.5-17.5%, the calcium content is 7.5-9.5%, the magnesium content is 1.5-3.5%, and TE is added.
Furthermore, the carbendazim in the step 1 needs to be diluted with water according to the ratio of 1:50 when in use.
Further, in the step 5, the mother branches are selected and remained according to the principle of five leaves and five leaves when pruning the red heart kiwi fruits, namely, bending and remaining straight, weak and remaining strong, outer and inner, upper and lower leaves and far and near leaves are removed, and withered branches, overlapped branches, excessively dense branches and trunk piles are pruned; the principle of five-light and five-heavy is mastered when pruning, namely that the mature tree is light and the young tree is heavy; young, elderly; the strong tree is light and the weak tree is heavy; the upper part is light and the lower part is heavy; the periphery is light, and the inner bore is heavy.
Furthermore, the control method in the step 8 mainly takes prevention as a main part so as to perform comprehensive control in the planting process of the kiwi fruits, and meanwhile, the control process adopts the comprehensive control principle of 'agricultural control, physical control and biological control as a main part and chemical control as an auxiliary part', and particularly, the chemical control is reasonably applied, and related departments prescribe that pesticides which cannot be used are forbidden to be used.
Further, the specific use periods and the specific use amounts of the special formula a, the special formula B, the special formula C and the special formula D in the step 7 are referred to in the following table:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the accurately proportioned carbendazim solution and the cultivation substrate of the kiwi fruit are uniformly mixed, so that germs in the seedling substrate can be effectively killed, the low survival rate of kiwi fruit seedlings in cultivation caused by the existence of germs in the seedling substrate is avoided, meanwhile, the environment required by kiwi fruit growth is simulated in a corresponding place, the cultivation place of the kiwi fruit is not limited to the soil of the production place, the planting range of the kiwi fruit is effectively enlarged, and the cultivation cost of the kiwi fruit is saved;
2. according to the invention, the kiwi fruits are pruned, fertilized and prevented and treated by diseases and insect pests in different growth periods of the kiwi fruits, so that the nutrient substances required by the kiwi fruits in different growth periods can be timely supplemented, the occurrence of littering of the kiwi fruits due to untimely nutrition supplementation in the cultivation process is effectively avoided, the morbidity of the kiwi fruits in the planting process is effectively reduced, the yield of the kiwi fruits is greatly improved, and the planting income of the kiwi fruits is ensured.
Detailed Description
A root limiting soilless culture technology of red kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
step 1: the substrate ratio: firstly, uniformly mixing imported seedling raising substrates, washed coconut coir and river sand according to the proportion of 1:3:1, uniformly pouring carbendazim solution into the mixed seedling raising substrates according to the proportion of 1:5, and stirring the seedling raising substrates again to finally pile the seedling raising substrates;
step 2: and (3) sterilizing a substrate: firstly, uniformly coating a layer of perlite with the thickness of 1.5cm on the mixed matrix to reduce water evaporation, uniformly punching two rows of holes on the upper part of a matrix pile by using a wood rod, sealing the holes by using a film, and fumigating the holes in sunlight for 10 days;
step 3: and (3) selecting a container: a root controller with the height of 50CM is selected, the fixed position of the root controller is designed into a circular container with the diameter of 1 meter, gardening ground cloths are paved in the container placement area, and the work load of post weeding is reduced while the appearance is attractive;
step 4: and (3) shed frame design: setting the interval of each shed frame to be 4 meters, fixing 4 square steel upright posts with the height of 2 meters as supports, arranging threading holes at the upper part, and fixing the pulling steel wires into a net shape to enable vines to grow along the steel wires;
step 5: and (3) planting management: in order to ensure the planting quality, the planting time of the kiwi fruits is after defoliation and before germination, and the grafted parts cannot be buried in soil, when the kiwi fruits are planted, large seedlings are preferentially selected for planting, and high-quality seedlings with strong plants and intact root systems are selected; in the planting process, the proportion problem of female and male plants of the fruit trees is considered, and the preparation proportion of the female plants to the male plants is recommended to be 5:1, a step of;
step 6: pruning management: selecting long tips for pruning, only leaving 1 main vine, fixing by using a branch binding device, enabling the branches to climb onto a canopy frame, and then configuring side branches; in the 1 st year of field planting, when the new shoots grow to 10cm, 2 main vines are selected as trunks, then the core is removed, and when the new shoots grow to about 30cm, 1 main vine is selected again as trunks, and other auxiliary shoots are erased; if the growth vigor of the young shoots is weak, the young shoots are cut in time to promote the young shoots to be updated, so that the young shoots grow robustly, and the pruning time is carried out in the middle of 12-1 months;
step 7: fertilizer and water management: the method is characterized in that only a formula A, a special formula B, a special formula C and a special formula D are respectively used in different periods of kiwi fruit growth, so that the normal kiwi fruit growth and yield increase are ensured;
step 8: pest control: firstly, cleaning a greenhouse, and collecting branches and tendrils and overground residue fallen leaves for centralized destruction after pruning; secondly, trunk whitewashing, namely preparing bordeaux mixture from copper sulfate, lime, table salt and water according to the proportion of 1.0:5.0:0.1:10.0 to carry out trunk whitewashing; thirdly, spraying with 3-5 DEG barium lime sulphur or spraying with 10-15 times of water by using crystalline lime sulphur; fourthly, treating the planting ground, and watering the Boerdos liquid on the planting ground for 1 time;
step 9: harvesting at proper time: the maturity of the kiwi fruits during harvesting has an important influence on the storage life and quality of the kiwi fruits, and the quality and flavor of the fruits can be influenced by too early or too late harvesting; when the content of soluble solid matters in fruits is 6% -7%, the fruits required to be stored for a long time are required to reach 7% -10%, when the fruits are harvested, the fruits are required to be lightly harvested and lightly placed, carefully transported and carried, the fruits are prevented from being hurt and stacked, the fruits are preferably packaged and put in storage along with the harvest, soft materials are used as pads at the bottom of a container for containing the fruits, the fruits are lightly harvested, the pedicel is not damaged by pulling, the fruit peel is not broken, the initially harvested fruits are hard and astringent in taste, the fruits are required to be softened after 7-10d, the fruits after being after-ripe are not suitable for being stored, and the fruits are required to be sold in time.
In this example, since the coco coir in step 1 contains a large amount of salt, in order to avoid the coco coir affecting the final PH of the matrix, it is necessary to measure the EC of the coco coir matrix before use, and if EC is higher than 1.0, it is necessary to wash the salt with calcium ammonium nitrate.
In the embodiment, the special formula A in the step 7 is a special formula A for the soil-free kiwi fruits of the grid Lin Kaier, the formula contains a large amount of elements in percentage by mass, the nitrogen content is 19-23%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 8.5-12.5%, the potassium oxide content is 19.5-23.5%, and TE is added.
In the embodiment, the special formula B in the step 7 is a special formula B for the soil-free kiwi fruits of the grid Lin Kaier, the formula contains a large amount of elements in percentage by mass, the nitrogen content is 16-19%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 7.5-10.5%, the potassium oxide content is 18.5-21.5%, and TE is added.
In the embodiment, the special formula C in the step 7 is a special formula C for the soilless kiwi fruits of the grid Lin Kaier, the formula contains a large amount of elements in percentage by mass, the nitrogen content is 8-11%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 28.5-31.5%, the potassium oxide content is 32.5-35.5%, and TE is added.
In the embodiment, the special formula D in the step 7 is a special formula D for the green kiwi fruit soilless, the formula contains a large amount of elements in percentage by mass, the nitrogen content is 10-15%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 2.5-4.5%, the potassium oxide content is 13.5-17.5%, the calcium content is 7.5-9.5%, the magnesium content is 1.5-3.5%, and TE is added.
In this embodiment, the carbendazim in step 1 needs to be diluted with water according to a ratio of 1:50 when in use.
In the embodiment, in the step 5, the mother branches are selected and remained according to the principle of five remained and removed when pruning the red heart kiwi fruits, namely, bending and remaining straight, weak and remaining strong, outer and inner, upper and remaining, far and near removing are performed, and withered branches, overlapped branches, excessively dense branches and trunk piles are pruned at the same time; the principle of five-light and five-heavy is mastered when pruning, namely that the mature tree is light and the young tree is heavy; young, elderly; the strong tree is light and the weak tree is heavy; the upper part is light and the lower part is heavy; the periphery is light, and the inner bore is heavy.
In this embodiment, the control method in step 8 mainly takes pre-control so as to perform comprehensive control in the planting process of kiwi fruits, and meanwhile, the control method adopts the comprehensive control principle of 'agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control as auxiliary' in the control process, particularly, the chemical control is reasonably applied, and related departments prescribe that pesticides which cannot be used are forbidden to be used.
In this embodiment, the specific use periods and the specific use amounts of the specific formulas a, B, C and D in the step 7 are referred to the following table:
by applying the special formula A, the special formula B, the special formula C and the special formula D according to a specific proportion in different periods of kiwi fruit growth, substances required by kiwi fruits in different growth periods can be effectively supplemented, and the increment yield increase of kiwi fruits is ensured.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A root limiting soilless culture technology for red kiwi fruits is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
step 1: the substrate ratio: firstly, uniformly mixing imported seedling raising substrates, washed coconut coir and river sand according to the proportion of 1:3:1, uniformly pouring carbendazim solution into the mixed seedling raising substrates according to the proportion of 1:5, and stirring the seedling raising substrates again to finally pile the seedling raising substrates;
step 2: and (3) sterilizing a substrate: firstly, uniformly coating a layer of perlite with the thickness of 1.5cm on the mixed matrix to reduce water evaporation, uniformly punching two rows of holes on the upper part of a matrix pile by using a wood rod, sealing the holes by using a film, and fumigating the holes in sunlight for 10 days;
step 3: and (3) selecting a container: selecting a root controller with the height of 50CM, designing the fixed position of the root controller into a circular container with the diameter of 1 meter, and paving gardening ground fabrics in a container placement area;
step 4: and (3) shed frame design: setting the interval of each shed frame to be 4 meters, fixing 4 square steel upright posts with the height of 2 meters as supports, arranging threading holes at the upper part, and fixing the pulling steel wires into a net shape to enable vines to grow along the steel wires;
step 5: and (3) planting management: in order to ensure the planting quality, the planting time of the kiwi fruits is after defoliation and before germination, and the grafted parts cannot be buried in soil, when the kiwi fruits are planted, large seedlings are selected for planting, and high-quality seedlings with strong plants and intact root systems are selected; when planting, the preparation ratio of female plants to male plants is 5:1, a step of;
step 6: pruning management: selecting long tips for pruning, only leaving 1 main vine, fixing by using a branch binding device, enabling the branches to climb onto a canopy frame, and then configuring side branches; in the 1 st year of field planting, when the new shoots grow to 10cm, 2 main vines are selected as trunks, then the core is removed, and when the new shoots grow to about 30cm, 1 main vine is selected again as trunks, and other auxiliary shoots are erased; if the growth vigor of the young shoots is weak, the young shoots are cut in time to promote the young shoots to be updated, so that the young shoots grow robustly, and the pruning time is carried out in the middle of 12-1 months;
step 7: fertilizer and water management: in different periods of kiwi fruit growth, a special formula A, a special formula B, a special formula C and a special formula D are respectively used to ensure that kiwi fruit grows normally and increases yield, wherein the special formula A is a green kiwi fruit soilless special formula A, the formula contains a large amount of elements by mass percent, the content of nitrogen is 19-23%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 8.5-12.5%, the content of potassium oxide is 19.5-23.5%, TE is added, the special formula B is a green kiwi fruit soilless special formula B, the formula contains a large amount of elements by mass percent, the content of nitrogen is 16-19%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 7.5-10.5%, the content of potassium oxide is 18.5-21.5%, TE is added, the special formula C is a green kiwi fruit soilless special formula C, the content of large amount of elements by mass percent, the content of nitrogen is 8-11%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 28.5-31.5%, the content of potassium oxide is 32.5-35%, the content of magnesium oxide is 2.5-5%, and the content of magnesium oxide is 2.5-5.5%, the special formula D is 2.5-9.5%, and the content of potassium oxide is 1-5.5% and the special formula D is 2.5-9% of magnesium oxide;
step 8: pest control: firstly, cleaning a greenhouse, and collecting branches and tendrils and overground residue fallen leaves for centralized destruction after pruning; secondly, trunk whitewashing, namely preparing bordeaux mixture from copper sulfate, lime, table salt and water according to the proportion of 1.0:5.0:0.1:10.0 to carry out trunk whitewashing; thirdly, spraying with 3-5 DEG barium lime sulphur or spraying with 10-15 times of water by using crystalline lime sulphur; fourthly, treating the planting ground, and watering the Boerdos liquid on the planting ground for 1 time;
step 9: harvesting at proper time: when the content of the soluble solid matters in the fruits is 6% -7%, the fruits which need to be stored for a long time are required to reach 7% -10%, when the fruits are harvested, the fruits are lightly harvested, lightly placed and carefully shipped, the fruits are prevented from being damaged by collision and stacked, the fruits are packaged and put in storage along with the harvest and classification, and soft materials are used as pads at the bottom of a container for containing the fruits.
2. The root limiting soilless culture technology for red-heart kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the root limiting soilless culture technology is characterized in that: since the coco coir in the step 1 contains a large amount of salt, in order to avoid the effect of coco coir on the final pH value of the matrix, the EC of the coco coir matrix is measured before use, and if the EC is higher than 1.0, ammonium calcium nitrate is used for salt washing.
3. The root limiting soilless culture technology for red-heart kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the root limiting soilless culture technology is characterized in that: the carbendazim in the step 1 is diluted with water according to the proportion of 1:50 when in use.
4. The root limiting soilless culture technology for red-heart kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the root limiting soilless culture technology is characterized in that: in the step 5, when pruning the red heart kiwi fruits, the parent branch is selected and left according to the principle of five leaves and five leaves, namely bending and leaving straight, weak and strong, outer and inner, upper and lower leaves and far and near leaves are removed, and withered branches, overlapped branches, excessively dense branches and trunk piles are pruned; the principle of five-light and five-heavy is mastered when pruning, namely that the mature tree is light and the young tree is heavy; young, elderly; the strong tree is light and the weak tree is heavy; the upper part is light and the lower part is heavy; the periphery is light, and the inner bore is heavy.
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| PT93446A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1991-10-15 | Inst Nac Inv Cient Ctr Eng Bio | Process for in vitro propagation and rooting of Actinidia deliciosa |
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