CN114402823A - Mango seedling grafting method - Google Patents
Mango seedling grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114402823A CN114402823A CN202210093964.XA CN202210093964A CN114402823A CN 114402823 A CN114402823 A CN 114402823A CN 202210093964 A CN202210093964 A CN 202210093964A CN 114402823 A CN114402823 A CN 114402823A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention provides a mango seedling grafting method, belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and overcomes the problems of long seedling growing period, low survival rate and the like in the prior art, the grafting can be carried out by the grafting method when the diameter of the base part of a stock is more than or equal to 5mm, the sowing and grafting in the same year and outplanting in the second year are realized, the mango seedling growing period is greatly shortened, the survival rate is high and can reach 98.4% at most, the operation is simple, and the method is suitable for industrial seedling growing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, in particular to a mango seedling grafting method.
Background
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a evergreen big arbor of mango genus of Anacardiaceae family, is one of five tropical fruits, has beautiful fruit shape, attractive color, sweet meat quality, unique fragrance and rich nutrition, is known as the king of tropical fruits, and is mainly distributed in the places of Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian and the like in China. The mango industry in China develops rapidly, the mango planting area is over 500 ten thousand mu by 2021 years, and the demand of good variety seedlings is increasing with the development of the mango industry. At present, good mango variety seedlings are grafted and cultured, the survival rate of the traditional grafting and culturing method is low, the requirements on stocks and scions are high, the stocks generally need to meet the conditions of diameter larger than 1cm and the like, the culturing time at least needs 10 months, the stocks can be used for grafting in the 2 nd year, the scions need to meet the conditions of mature semi-lignified branches and the like, the stocks can be used for grafting, the grafting time is greatly influenced by seasons and weather, the stocks can be taken out of the nursery in the 3 rd year, the seedling culturing period at least needs 20 months, the seedling culturing cost is high, and the requirements of industries on mango seedlings cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mango seedling grafting method, which is used for solving the problems of long seedling period, low survival rate and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a mango seedling grafting method, which comprises the following steps:
taking mango seedlings within 1 year as stocks, and grafting the mango seedlings with the scions;
the diameter of the base of the stock is more than or equal to 5mm, and the height of the stock is more than or equal to 10 cm;
the scion is a stem section with terminal buds or 2-4 axillary buds;
the diameter of the scion is less than or equal to 1.5cm, and the length of the scion is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the rootstock is a tender seedling for 1-3 weeks.
Preferably, the scion is soaked before grafting, the soaking is carried out by adopting a bactericide, and the soaking time is 2-5 min;
the bactericide is carbendazim, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or thiophanate-methyl;
the dilution multiple of the bactericide is 500-800 times.
Preferably, the scion is trimmed before grafting, the trimming is to remove all leaves or reserve 1-2 leaves, the reserved leaves are reduced, and the area of the reserved leaves after reduction is 10-30% of the area of the original leaves.
Preferably, the grafting comprises the following steps:
cutting off the position 5-10 cm away from the ground of the stock to obtain the cross section of the stock;
cutting the lower end of the scion into a wedge shape, wherein the length of a wedge-shaped inclined plane is 2-4 times of the middle diameter of the scion;
grafting is carried out by cleft grafting.
Preferably, the cleft grafting method comprises the steps of:
vertically cutting a cut on the cross section of the stock, inserting the lower end of the scion into the cut and fixing to obtain a grafted seedling, and moisturizing the grafted seedling.
Preferably, after the lower end of the scion is inserted into the incision, the length of the wedge-shaped inclined plane exposed in the air is 2-3 mm.
Preferably, the fixing method is to wrap a film or clamp a grafting clip;
preferably, the film for wrapping the film is a common grafting film, a self-adhesive grafting film or a Parafilm sealing film;
the grafting clip is a round-mouth grafting clip.
Preferably, the moisturizing adopts film wrapping moisturizing, bagging moisturizing or awning moisturizing.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
the mango seedling grafting method can realize seeding and grafting in the current year and outplanting in the second year, greatly shortens the mango seedling raising period, has high survival rate up to 98.4 percent, is simple to operate, and is suitable for industrial seedling raising.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the state of a scion with axillary buds;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the state of a scion with terminal buds;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the state of a grafted seedling after a scion is inserted into a rootstock;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the state of the grafted seedling after the graft clip is fixed;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the state of the grafted seedling after the membrane is wrapped and fixed;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the state of grafted seedlings with moisturizing spiles;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the state of the grafted seedling after being wholly bagged and moisturized;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the state of grafted seedlings after survival of grafting.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a mango seedling grafting method, which comprises the following steps:
mango seedlings within 1 year of age are used as stocks and are grafted with the scions.
In the invention, the diameter of the base part of the rootstock is more than or equal to 5mm, preferably more than or equal to 5.5mm, further preferably more than or equal to 6mm, and still preferably more than or equal to 7mm, the height of the rootstock is more than or equal to 10cm, preferably more than or equal to 11cm, further preferably more than or equal to 12cm, and still preferably more than or equal to 13 cm; in the invention, the rootstock is mango seedlings within 1 year of age, and is more preferably tender seedlings of 1-3 weeks. In the present invention, the rootstock is preferably obtained by a cultivation method comprising the following steps: sowing mango seeds, and transplanting the mango seeds into a nutrition bag for cultivation after the mango seeds emerge. In the invention, the mango seeds are preferably plump single-embryo seeds, the mango seeds are preferably soaked by using 500-800 times of bactericide before sowing, and the soaking time is preferably 8-12 min; in the invention, the dilution multiple of the bactericide is preferably 600-700 times; the bactericide is preferably carbendazim, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or thiophanate-methyl, and is further preferably chlorobromoisocyanuric acid; the bactericide is preferably soluble powder, when the bactericide is carbendazim, the mass percentage of the active ingredients of the bactericide is preferably 40-60%, when the bactericide is chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, the mass percentage of the active ingredients of the bactericide is preferably 70-80%, and when the bactericide is thiophanate-methyl, the mass percentage of the active ingredients of the bactericide is preferably 60-80%; in the invention, the nutrition bag is preferably a black plastic nutrition bag of 10cm × 30 cm; the nutrient substrate in the nutrient bag is preferably a substrate formed by mixing wormcast and garden soil in a ratio of 1: 1.
In the invention, the scion is preferably a high-quality variety branch, the scion is preferably subjected to moisturizing treatment after being separated from the mother tree, and the moisturizing treatment is preferably performed in a wet towel wrapping mode or a mode of soaking water at the lower end. The maturity of the scion is tender shoot or semi-lignified branch; the scion is a stem section with terminal buds or 2-4 axillary buds, and the diameter of the scion is preferably less than or equal to 1.5cm, more preferably less than or equal to 1cm, and still more preferably 0.5-0.8 cm; the length of the scion is preferably 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-9 cm, and still more preferably 7-8 cm; the scion is preferably soaked before grafting, the soaking is preferably carried out by adopting a bactericide, and the dilution multiple of the bactericide is preferably 600-700 times; the bactericide is carbendazim, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or thiophanate-methyl, and is further preferably chlorobromoisocyanuric acid; the dosage form of the bactericide is preferably soluble powder; when the bactericide is carbendazim, the mass percentage of the active ingredients of the bactericide is preferably 40-60%, when the bactericide is chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, the mass percentage of the active ingredients of the bactericide is preferably 70-80%, when the bactericide is thiophanate-methyl, the mass percentage of the active ingredients of the bactericide is preferably 60-80%, the soaking time is preferably 2-5 min, and further preferably 3-4 min, the soaking is preferably followed by placing for 1-2 min, and the placing aims at airing surface liquid; the scion is preferably pruned before grafting, the pruning is preferably to remove all leaves or reserve 1-2 leaves and reduce the reserved leaves, and the area of the reserved leaves after reduction is preferably 10-30% of the area of the original leaves, and is further preferably 15-25%.
In the present invention, the grafting preferably comprises the steps of:
cutting off the position 5-10 cm away from the ground of the stock to obtain the cross section of the stock;
cutting the lower end of the scion into a wedge shape, wherein the length of a wedge-shaped inclined plane is 2-4 times of the middle diameter of the scion;
grafting is carried out by cleft grafting.
In the invention, the truncation position of the rootstock is preferably 5-10 cm away from the ground, more preferably 6-9 cm away from the ground, and still more preferably 7-8 cm away from the ground; the wedge-shaped shape cut at the lower end of the scion is preferably a wedge shape with equal inclined planes at two sides, and the length of the wedge-shaped inclined plane is preferably 2-4 times of the middle diameter of the scion, and is further preferably 2.5-3.5 times; the cleft grafting method of the present invention preferably comprises the steps of: vertically cutting a cut on the cross section of the stock, inserting the lower end of the scion into the cut and fixing to obtain a grafted seedling, and moisturizing the grafted seedling. In the invention, after the lower end of the scion is inserted into the incision, the cambium on one side of the scion is preferably ensured to be contacted with the cambium of the stock; after the lower end of the scion is inserted into the cut, the length of the wedge-shaped inclined plane exposed in the air is preferably 2-3 mm, and more preferably 2.4-2.8 mm; the method preferably adopted for fixing in the cleft grafting method is a winding film or a clamping grafting clip, the winding film is preferably a common grafting film, a self-adhesive grafting film or a Parafilm sealing film, the Parafilm sealing film is further preferably the Parafilm sealing film, and the grafting clip is preferably a round-mouth grafting clip; in the invention, the moisturizing is preferably one of film-wrapping moisturizing, bagging moisturizing and awning moisturizing, the film-wrapping moisturizing is preferably performed on the scion of the grafted seedling, the bagging is preferably performed on the scion of the grafted seedling or is performed on bagging of the grafted seedling and a nutrition bag of the grafted seedling together, the bagging is preferably performed on the scion of the grafted seedling is a slender plastic bag, and the specification of the slender plastic bag is preferably 3cm × 18 cm. In the present invention, it is preferable to count the survival rate of grafting one month after the bagging is moisturized.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
S1, stock preparation: soaking full single embryo seeds in 500 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder solution for 10min, air-drying, sowing in sand bed, transplanting to a nutrition bag after seedlings emerge from the ground, selecting 100 seedlings with 2 weeks of seedling age and base diameter of more than 5mm and height of more than 10cm, and cutting off upper stem leaves 10cm away from the ground.
S2, preparing scions: selecting a good variety semi-lignified branch with the diameter less than 1.5cm, wrapping a wet towel for moisturizing, soaking the good variety semi-lignified branch in a soluble powder solution of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid with the diameter of 800 times for 5min before grafting, standing for 1min, airing surface liquid, cutting into 5cm stem sections with terminal buds, reserving 1 leaf with 80% of the area of the leaf, cutting the cross section, cutting two opposite surfaces of the lower end of the stem section into a wedge shape, wherein the inclined surfaces on two sides of the wedge shape are equal, the length of the inclined surface is 2.5 times of the diameter of the scion, and the scion state is shown in figure 2.
S3, grafting method: the method comprises the steps of cutting the cross section of a stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, cutting the stock from the middle, inserting the cut scion, exposing a 3mm cut surface, at least ensuring that a cambium on one side is aligned with a cambium of the stock, closely combining the scion with the stock, and winding a Parafilm sealing film at the grafting position for fixation.
S4, post-grafting treatment: after grafting, moisturizing the long and thin plastic bag (3cm multiplied by 18cm) of the scion sleeve of the grafted seedling until a new shoot is extracted.
Example 2
S1, stock preparation: the method comprises the steps of selecting full seeds, soaking the full seeds in 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution for 10min, airing the full seeds, sowing the full seeds in a sand bed, transplanting the full seeds to a nutrition bag after seedlings emerge from the ground, selecting 100 seedlings with the base diameter larger than 5mm and the height larger than 10cm and the age of 4 days, and cutting off upper stem leaves 5cm away from the ground.
S2, preparing scions: selecting a good variety branch with the diameter less than 1.5cm, taking a tender shoot which is not turned green just after being taken out, soaking the lower end of the branch in water for moisturizing, soaking the branch in a 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution with the diameter of 800 times for 3min before grafting, standing the branch for 1.5min, airing surface liquid, cutting the branch into a stem section with the length of 7cm with a terminal bud, cutting all leaves, polishing the cross section, cutting two opposite surfaces of the lower end of the stem section into a wedge shape, wherein the inclined surfaces on two sides of the wedge shape are equal, and the length of the inclined surface is 3 times of the diameter of a scion.
S3, grafting method: the method comprises the steps of cutting the cross section of a stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, cutting the stock from the middle, inserting the cut scion to expose a 3mm cut surface, at least ensuring that a cambium on one side is aligned with a cambium of the stock, tightly combining the scion with the stock, and winding a self-adhesive grafting film at a grafting position for fixation.
S4, post-grafting treatment: after grafting, the grafted seedling and the nutrition bag are sleeved with a freshness protection package together for moisture preservation until the young shoots are extracted.
Example 3
S1, stock preparation: soaking full seeds in a 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder solution which is 500 times of the full seeds for 10min, airing and sowing the seeds in a sand bed, transplanting the seedlings to a nutrition bag after the seedlings emerge from the ground, selecting 100 seedlings with the seedling age of 1 week and the base diameter of more than 5mm and the height of more than 10cm, and cutting off upper stem leaves 7cm away from the ground.
S2, preparing scions: selecting a good variety of branches with the diameter less than 1.5cm, taking semi-lignified branches, wrapping a wet towel for moisturizing, soaking the branches in a 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder solution with the diameter of 800 times for 5min before grafting, standing for 2min for airing surface liquid, shearing the branches into 6cm stem sections with 2 axillary buds, reserving 1 leaf with the area of 80% of the leaf, polishing the cross section, cutting two opposite surfaces of the lower end of the stem section into a wedge shape, wherein the inclined surfaces on two sides of the wedge shape are equal, and the length of the inclined surface is 2 times of the diameter of the scion.
S3, grafting method: the method comprises the steps of cutting the cross section of a stock by cleft grafting, cutting the stock from the middle, inserting the cut scion to expose a 2.5mm cut surface, at least ensuring that a cambium on one side is aligned with a cambium of the stock, tightly combining the scion and the stock, and fixing the scion by a round-mouth grafting clamp, wherein the state is shown in figure 4.
S4, post-grafting treatment: after grafting, covering the grafted seedling and the nutrition bag together with a small arched shed for moisturizing until a new shoot is extracted.
Example 4
S1, stock preparation: the method comprises the steps of selecting full seeds, soaking the full seeds for 10min by using 800 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder solution, airing and sowing the seeds in a sand bed, transplanting the seedlings to a nutrition bag after the seedlings emerge from the ground, selecting 100 seedlings with the seedling age of 1 month and the base diameter of more than or equal to 5mm and the height of more than 10cm, and cutting off upper stem leaves 6cm away from the ground.
S2, preparing scions: selecting a good variety of branches with the diameter less than 1.5cm, taking semi-lignified branches, wrapping a wet towel for moisturizing, soaking the branches in a 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder solution with the volume of 800 times for 5min before grafting, standing for 2min, airing surface liquid, shearing the branches into 8cm stem sections with 3 axillary buds, shearing all leaves, polishing the cross section, cutting two opposite surfaces of the lower end of the stem section into wedges, wherein the inclined surfaces on two sides of each wedge are equal, the length of each inclined surface is 3.5 times of the diameter of a scion, and the scion state is shown in figure 1.
S3, grafting method: the method comprises the steps of cutting the cross section of a stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, cutting the stock from the middle, inserting the cut scion, exposing a 2mm cut surface, at least ensuring that a cambium on one side is aligned with a cambium of the stock, tightly combining the scion with the stock, wherein the combined state is as shown in figure 3, a Parafilm sealing film is wound at the grafting position for fixation, and the state after film winding is as shown in figure 5.
S4, post-grafting treatment: after grafting, a slender plastic bag (3cm multiplied by 18cm) of a scion sleeve of the grafted seedling is moisturized until a new shoot is extracted, and the moisturizing state is shown in figure 6.
Example 5
S1, stock preparation: soaking full seeds in 500 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder solution for 10min, air-drying, sowing in a sand bed, transplanting the seedlings to a nutrition bag after emerging from the ground, wherein the nutrition bag matrix is a mixed matrix of earthworm cast and garden soil at a ratio of 1:1, selecting 500 current-year-old seedlings with a base diameter of more than 5mm and a height of more than 10cm, and cutting off upper stem leaves at a distance of 5cm from the ground.
S2, preparing scions: selecting a good variety of branches with the diameter less than 1.5cm, taking semi-lignified branches, wrapping a wet towel for moisturizing, soaking in 800 times of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder solution for 5min before grafting, airing surface liquid, cutting into 10cm stem sections with 4 axillary buds, reserving 1 leaf with 80% of the area of the leaf, cutting the cross section, cutting two opposite surfaces of the lower end of the stem section into a wedge shape, wherein the length of the inclined planes at two sides of the wedge shape is equal to 2 times of the diameter of the scion.
S3, grafting method: the method comprises the steps of cutting the cross section of a stock by a cleft grafting method, cutting the stock from the middle, inserting the cut scion, exposing a 2mm cut surface, at least ensuring that a cambium on one side is aligned with a cambium of the stock, tightly combining the scion with the stock, and winding a common grafting film at a grafting position for fixation.
S4, post-grafting treatment: after grafting, the grafted seedling and the nutrition bag are covered with a plastic bag together for moisture preservation until a new shoot is drawn out, the moisture preservation state is shown as figure 7, and the survival state is shown as figure 8.
Experimental example 1
Counting the number of the survival plants of the grafted seedlings in the embodiment, and calculating the survival rate according to the following formula:
survival rate (%) < survival plant number/total grafted seedling number × 100%
Counting the growth time (calculated according to 1 month after less than 1 month) required from the beginning of stock cultivation until the standard of outplanting is met, judging the standard of grafted seedlings when outplanting is carried out according to the agricultural industry standard of the people's republic of China, mango grafted seedlings NY/T590-2012, carrying out the grafting method in a patent document CN109197328 by a contrast group, and setting the number of the grafted seedlings to be 100; the survival rate of the experimental group and the control group is counted after 1 month of grafting.
The results of the experiment are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistics of grafting
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Control group | |
| Number of surviving plants | 98 | 94 | 96 | 95 | 492 | 92 |
| Survival rate | 98.0％ | 94.0％ | 96.0％ | 95.0％ | 98.4％ | 92.0％ |
| Seedling period (moon) | 10 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the prior grafting technology, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is higher, and the seedling period is significantly shortened, only about 10 months.
According to the embodiment, the mango seedling grafting method is provided, grafting can be carried out by the grafting method when the diameter of the base part of the stock is larger than or equal to 5mm, seeding grafting in the current year and outplanting in the second year are realized, the mango seedling raising period is greatly shortened, the survival rate is high and can reach 98.4% at most, the operation is simple, the grafting propagation difficulty is low, and the method is suitable for industrial seedling raising.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The mango seedling grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking mango seedlings within 1 year as stocks, and grafting the mango seedlings with the scions;
the diameter of the base of the stock is more than or equal to 5mm, and the height of the stock is more than or equal to 10 cm;
the scion is a stem section with terminal buds or 2-4 axillary buds;
the diameter of the scion is less than or equal to 1.5cm, and the length of the scion is 5-10 cm.
2. The mango seedling grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the rootstock is a tender seedling for 1-3 weeks.
3. The mango seedling grafting method according to claim 2, wherein the scion is soaked before grafting, the soaking is carried out by adopting a bactericide, and the soaking time is 2-5 min;
the bactericide is carbendazim, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid or thiophanate-methyl;
the dilution multiple of the bactericide is 500-800 times.
4. The mango seedling grafting method according to claim 3, wherein the scion is trimmed before grafting, the trimming is to remove all leaves or to reserve 1-2 leaves, the reserved leaves are cut, and the area of the reserved leaves after cutting is 10-30% of the area of the original leaves.
5. Mango seedling grafting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the grafting comprises the following steps:
cutting off the position 5-10 cm away from the ground of the stock to obtain the cross section of the stock;
cutting the lower end of the scion into a wedge shape, wherein the length of a wedge-shaped inclined plane is 2-4 times of the middle diameter of the scion;
grafting is carried out by cleft grafting.
6. Mango seedling grafting method according to claim 5, characterized in that the cleft grafting comprises the following steps:
vertically cutting a cut on the cross section of the stock, inserting the lower end of the scion into the cut and fixing to obtain a grafted seedling, and moisturizing the grafted seedling.
7. The mango seedling grafting method according to claim 6, wherein after the lower end of the scion is inserted into the incision, the length of the wedge-shaped slope exposed in the air is 2-3 mm.
8. The mango seedling grafting method according to claim 7, wherein the fixing method is a film winding method or a grafting clip clamping method.
9. The mango seedling grafting method according to claim 8, wherein the film used for wrapping the film is a common grafting film, a self-adhesive grafting film or a Parafilm sealing film;
the grafting clip is a round-mouth grafting clip.
10. The mango seedling grafting method according to claim 9, wherein the moisturizing is achieved by film wrapping moisturizing, bagging moisturizing or awning moisturizing.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114938752A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-26 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Mango self-rooting stock cultivation method |
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| CN114938752B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-04-28 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Cultivation method of mango self-root stock |
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