CN114938752B - Cultivation method of mango self-root stock - Google Patents
Cultivation method of mango self-root stock Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of mango self-root stock, which belongs to the technical field of seedling breeding, and comprises the following steps: after sowing seeds, cultivating until leaves of the seedlings are aged to obtain seedlings, cutting the seedlings into a plurality of stem sections with the length of 15-25 cm, taking the stem sections as cutting slips, carrying out root promotion treatment, cutting to root, and culturing the rooting cutting slips until the diameter of the stem sections at the height of 8-12 cm from the ground reaches 0.8-1.2 cm, thus obtaining the self-rooting stock; the selected cutting slips are seedling stems, the cutting matrix is a matrix formed by mixing wormcast and garden soil, and the cutting slips are soaked in a bactericide solution and dipped in a rooting solution rapidly before cutting; the root system distribution of the stock is changed, one main root of the root system of the mango stock is changed into a plurality of lateral roots, one seedling can be bred into a plurality of self-root stock seedlings, and the seedling with the stem section cut off can be used as a seedling stock; the method is simple, easy to operate and high in survival rate, and can rapidly provide high-quality mango stocks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nursery stock breeding, in particular to a cultivation method of mango self-root stock.
Background
Mango is taken as a king of tropical fruit, has attractive fruit shape, attractive color, sweet meat quality, unique flavor and rich nutrition, and is deeply favored by consumers. At present, the mango industry in China develops rapidly, and the demand for high-quality seedlings is continuously increased.
At present, mango in China is subjected to seedling breeding through grafting, and the stock is a seedling. The prior art has a plurality of defects, which are mainly represented by the following aspects: 1, each seed can only cultivate 1 stock, and the cost is high; (2) When the seedlings are grafted as the stock, the upper stem sections are directly discarded, so that waste is caused; (3) Mango is a deep root type fruit tree, the main root is developed, the lateral root is less, the seedling is taken as a stock, the scion grows vigorously after grafting the variety, and tree management is not utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of mango self-root stock, wherein the used cutting slip is mango seedling stem, one seedling stem can cultivate a plurality of self-root stock seedlings, and seedlings with stem cut can be continuously used as a solid stock for seedling grafting.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a cultivation method of mango self-root stock, which comprises the following steps:
after sowing seeds, cultivating until leaves of the seedlings are aged to obtain seedlings, cutting the seedlings into a plurality of stem sections with the length of 15-25 cm, taking the stem sections as cutting slips, performing root promotion treatment, cutting, and cultivating the cutting slips until the diameter of the stem sections at the height of 8-12 cm from the ground reaches 0.8-1.2 cm, thus obtaining the self-root stock.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of laying a seedbed, sterilizing and transplanting, wherein the laying of the seedbed is that 15-25 cm river sand is laid on the seedbed, the sterilization is carried out 1-3 days before sowing, the sterilization is that a potassium permanganate solution is sprayed on the seedbed and covered with a film, the transplanting is carried out after germination, and seedlings are obtained after the transplanting and the 3 rd layer She Laoshou are cultivated.
Preferably, the mass of the sprayed potassium permanganate solution is concentratedThe degree is 0.2%, and the dosage is 90-110 mL/m 2 。
Preferably, the water content of the seedbed is maintained at 50-70% after sowing.
Preferably, the cutting pruning and root promotion treatment comprises the following steps:
cutting off seedlings at a position 4-6 cm away from the ground, cutting into cutting slips, soaking the cutting slips in the bactericide for 8-12 min, and treating the root promoting solution for 1-3 s.
Preferably, the lower end of the cutting pin is beveled to be 30-45 degrees, 1 leaf is reserved, and the reserved leaf area is 1/4 to 1/2 of the original leaf area.
Preferably, the root promoting solution comprises NAA of 450-550 mg/L and IBA of 450-550 mg/L.
Preferably, the cutting comprises the steps of:
wormcast and garden soil volume ratio 2:1, mixing the materials as a cutting matrix, punching holes with the diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm and the depth of 4-6 cm, wherein the row spacing of the holes is 10-15 cm, the column spacing is 5-8 cm, and putting the cutting slips subjected to pruning into the holes for compaction.
Preferably, the post-cutting culture comprises the following steps:
spraying water after cutting, building a shed cover film, shading, spraying water once every 3-5 days, and spraying bactericide once every 7-10 days;
removing the arch shed after 1 month, and spraying compound fertilizer;
transplanting the plant seeds into a seedling cup after 2 months, spraying water every 6-8 days, shading for 1 month, and spraying compound fertilizer every 28-31 days.
Preferably, the bactericide is thiophanate-methyl wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70 percent and 800-1000 times of liquid.
The invention provides a cultivation method of mango self-root stock, which comprises the steps of selecting cutting slips as seedling stems, wherein a cutting matrix is a matrix formed by mixing wormcast and garden soil, and soaking the cutting slips in a bactericide solution and dipping in a rooting solution rapidly before cutting; the root system distribution of the stock is changed, the root system of the mango stock is changed from one main root of the actual stock to a plurality of lateral roots of the root stock, one seedling can be bred into a plurality of root stock seedlings, and the seedling with the stem section cut off can be used as a seedling stock; the method is simple, easy to operate and high in survival rate, and can rapidly provide high-quality mango stocks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 3 rd layer leaf aged seedling;
FIG. 2 is a cut seedling stem segment;
FIG. 3 is a processed cutting;
FIG. 4 is a root stock seedling obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a seedling of a stock of a control example
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method of mango self-root stock, which comprises the following steps:
after sowing seeds, cultivating until leaves of the seedlings are aged to obtain seedlings, cutting the seedlings into a plurality of stem sections with the length of 15-25 cm, taking the stem sections as cutting slips, carrying out root promotion treatment, cutting and rooting, and culturing the rooted cutting slips until the diameter of the stem sections at the height of 8-12 cm from the ground reaches 0.8-1.2 cm, thus obtaining the self-rooting stock.
In the present invention, the method further comprises the steps of laying a seed bed, sterilizing and transplanting, wherein the laying of the seed bed is to lay river sand on the seed bed, and the thickness of the river sand is preferably 15-25 cm, more preferably 18-22 cm, and even more preferably 20cm.
In the invention, sterilization treatment is carried out after a seedbed is paved, wherein the sterilization is carried out by spraying a potassium permanganate solution to the seedbed and coating the film, preferably 1-3 days before sowing, and more preferably 2 days before sowing; the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is preferably 0.2%, and the dosage of the potassium permanganate solution is preferably 90-110 mL/m 2 More preferably 95 to 105mL/m 2 Even more preferably 100mL/m 2 。
In the present invention, the seedbed is sterilized and then sown, and the water content of the seedbed is preferably maintained at 50 to 70%, more preferably 55 to 65%, still more preferably 60% after sowing.
In the present invention, the transplanting is performed after germination, and when the seeds germinate and break the soil, the seeds are transplanted into a seedling cup, and the seedlings are obtained after the transplanting and culturing to a layer 3 She Laoshou (fig. 1).
In the invention, after the mature seedlings of the 3 rd layer of leaves are obtained, the seedlings are cut into a plurality of stem segments to prepare cutting slips, and the seedlings are preferably cut from the position 4-6 cm away from the ground, and more preferably 5cm away; the length of the stem is preferably 15-25 cm, more preferably 18-22 cm, and even more preferably 20cm; the cutting is subjected to pruning and root promoting treatment, the lower end of the stem section is subjected to chamfering, the chamfering angle is preferably 30-45 degrees, more preferably 32-42 degrees, still more preferably 35-40 degrees, 1 leaf is preferably reserved, the reserved leaf area is preferably 1/4 to 1/2 of the original leaf area, and further preferably 1/3; the root-promoting treatment comprises a bactericide soaking and a root-promoting solution treatment, wherein the bactericide soaking time is preferably 8-12 min, more preferably 9-11 min, still more preferably 10min, the root-promoting solution is preferably a mixed solution of NAA and IBA, the concentration of NAA is preferably 450-550 mg/L, more preferably 480-520 mg/L, still more preferably 490-510 mg/L, and the concentration of IBA is preferably 450-550 mg/L, more preferably 480-520 mg/L, still more preferably 490-510 mg/L; the treatment time of the root promoting solution is preferably 1 to 3 seconds, more preferably 2 seconds.
In the invention, after cutting slips are trimmed and root-promoting, the cutting matrix is preferably a mixed matrix of wormcast and garden soil, and the wormcast is prepared by the following steps: the preferable ratio of the garden soil to the soil is 2:1; spraying bactericide to the cutting substrate for sterilization, wherein the dosage of the bactericide is preferably 1.8-2.2L/m 2 More preferably 1.9 to 2.1L/m 2 Even more preferably 2L/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Punching the cutting substrate, wherein the diameter of the holes is preferably 0.5-0.8 cm, more preferably 0.6-0.7 cm, the depth of the holes is preferably 4-6 cm, more preferably 4.5-5.5 cm, still more preferably 5cm, the spacing between the rows of holes is preferably 10-15 cm, more preferably 11-14 cm, still more preferably 12-13 cm, the spacing between the columns of holes is preferably 5-8 cm, more preferably 6-7 cm, and still more preferably 6.5cm; and placing the cutting slips into the holes and compacting.
In the present invention, the post-cutting culture includes the steps of:
spraying water after cutting, building a shed cover film, shading, spraying water once every 3-5 days, and spraying bactericide once every 7-10 days;
removing the arch shed after 1 month, and spraying compound fertilizer;
transplanting the plant seeds into a seedling cup after 2 months, spraying water every 6-8 days, shading for 1 month, and spraying compound fertilizer every 28-31 days.
In the invention, the cutting is preferably cultivated until the diameter of the stem section at the position 8-12 cm from the ground reaches 0.8-1.2 cm after cutting, namely the root stock is obtained, and the diameter at the position 9-11 cm is further preferably 0.9-1.1 cm; still more preferably, the diameter is 1cm at 10 cm.
In the invention, the bactericide is preferably thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, and the mass concentration of the bactericide is preferably 70%.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Paving 20cm river sand on a seedbed, spraying 100mL/m potassium permanganate solution with mass concentration of 0.2% to the seedbed 2 days before sowing 2 And covering film, sowing seeds, keeping the water content of the seedbed to be 60% after sowing, and transplanting the seedbed to a seedling cup after germination. Culturing to layer 3 She Laoshou after transplanting, cutting the seedling at a position 5cm away from the ground, cutting the seedling into a plurality of stem segments with the length of 20cm, taking the stem segments as cutting slips, chamfering the lower ends of the cutting slips to 30 degrees (figure 3), reserving 1 leaf, reserving 1/3 of the leaf area as the original leaf area (figure 2), soaking for 10min by using a solution which is 900 times of thiophanate methyl wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70%, and root-promoting treatment for 2s by using a mixed solution of NAA with the concentration of 500mg/L and IBA with the concentration of 500mg/L. Wormcast and garden soil volume ratio 2:1 as a cutting matrix, spraying 900 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder on the cutting matrix for sterilization treatment, wherein the dosage is 2L/m 2 Holes with the diameter of 0.6cm and the depth of 5cm are drilled, the row spacing of the holes is 13cm, the column spacing is 6cm, and the cuttings after root promotion treatment are put into the holes and compacted. Spraying water after cutting, covering a film by a shed, shading, spraying water once every 4 days, and spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl every 8 daysThe wettable powder is taken once by 900 times of liquid, the wettable powder is taken off an arch shed after 1 month, the compound fertilizer is sprayed, the wettable powder is transplanted to a seedling cup after 2 months (shown in figure 4), water is sprayed every 7 days, the wettable powder is shaded for 1 month, and the compound fertilizer is sprayed every 29 days. And culturing the rooting cutting until the diameter of the stem section at the height of 10cm from the ground reaches 1cm, and obtaining the rooting cutting from the root stock.
Example 2
15cm river sand is paved on a seedbed, and 90mL/m potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2% is sprayed to the seedbed 1 day before sowing 2 And covering film, sowing seeds, keeping the water content of the seedbed to be 50% after sowing, and transplanting the seedbed into a seedling cup after germination. Culturing until the 3 rd layer She Laoshou is reached after transplanting, cutting the seedlings at a position 4cm away from the ground, cutting the seedlings into a plurality of stem sections with the length of 15cm, taking the stem sections as cutting slips, obliquely cutting the lower end of the cutting slips into 40 degrees, reserving 1 leaf area which is 1/4 of the original leaf area, soaking for 8min by adopting a 800-time liquid of thiophanate methyl wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70%, and carrying out root promotion treatment for 3s by adopting an IBA mixed solution with the concentration of 450mg/L and the concentration of 450 mg/L. Wormcast and garden soil volume ratio 2:1 as a cutting matrix, spraying 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder on the cutting matrix for sterilization treatment, wherein the dosage is 1.8L/m 2 Holes with the diameter of 0.5cm and the depth of 4cm are drilled, the row spacing of the holes is 10cm, the column spacing is 5cm, and the cuttings after root promotion treatment are put into the holes and compacted. Spraying water after cutting, building a shed cover film, shading, spraying water once every 3 days, spraying 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder once every 7 days, removing the shed after 1 month, spraying compound fertilizer, transplanting into a seedling cup after 2 months, spraying water every 6 days, shading for 1 month, and spraying compound fertilizer every 28 days. And culturing the rooting cutting until the diameter of the stem section at the height of 8cm from the ground reaches 0.8cm, thereby obtaining the rooting cutting from the root stock.
Example 3
Laying 25cm river sand on the seedbed, and spraying 110mL/m potassium permanganate solution with mass concentration of 0.2% to the seedbed 3 days before sowing 2 And covering film, sowing seeds, keeping the water content of the seedbed to be 70% after sowing, and transplanting the seedbed into a seedling cup after germination. Culturing to layer 3 She Laoshou after transplanting, cutting off the seedling at 6cm from the ground, cutting the seedling into a plurality of stem segments with length of 25cm, cutting the stem segments as cutting slips, chamfering the lower ends of the cutting slips to 45 degrees, and reserving1 leaf, the area of the retained leaf is 1/2 of the area of the original leaf, the leaf is soaked for 8min by using 1000 times of thiophanate methyl wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70%, and root promotion treatment is carried out for 1s by using a mixed solution of NAA with the concentration of 550mg/L and IBA with the concentration of 550 mg/L. Wormcast and garden soil volume ratio 2:1 as a cutting matrix, spraying 1000 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder on the cutting matrix for sterilization treatment, wherein the dosage is 1.8L/m 2 Holes with the diameter of 0.8cm and the depth of 6cm are drilled, the row spacing of the holes is 15cm, the column spacing is 8cm, and the cuttings after root promotion treatment are put into the holes and compacted. Spraying water after cutting, building a shed cover film, shading, spraying water once every 5 days, spraying 1000 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder once every 10 days, removing the shed after 1 month, spraying compound fertilizer, transplanting into a seedling cup after 2 months, spraying water every 7 days, shading for 1 month, and spraying compound fertilizer every 31 days. And culturing the rooting cutting until the diameter of the stem section at a position 12cm away from the ground reaches 1.2cm, and obtaining the rooting cutting from the root stock.
Comparative example
Paving 20cm river sand on a seedbed, spraying 90mL/m potassium permanganate solution with mass concentration of 0.2% to the seedbed 2 days before sowing 2 And covering film, sowing seeds, keeping the water content of the seedbed to be 60% after sowing, and transplanting the seedbed to a seedling cup after germination. Culturing until the diameter of the stem section at the height of 8-12 cm from the ground reaches 0.8-1.2 cm, thus obtaining the actual stock. Its principal root is developed, with no lateral root or little measured root (fig. 5).
Experimental example
Influence of different root promoting solutions on cutting rooting
In the experiment, the stock is cultivated by adopting the stock cultivation process described in the embodiment 1, 12 root promoting solutions are adopted to treat cutting slips, and rooting conditions are observed after 60 days.
As shown in Table 1, the effect of the root-promoting solution was not remarkable when the concentration was too low, the rooting was inhibited when the NAA and IBA were used in combination, and the rooting rate was better than that of the NAA or IBA alone, and the mixed solution of NAA and IBA at 500mg/L or 1000mg/L had the best root-promoting effect and the highest rooting rate. Further, according to the number of roots and the average root length of the cutting slips, the concentration of NAA and IBA is preferably 500mg/L.
TABLE 1 root-promoting effect of different root-promoting solutions on mango self-root stock
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a cultivation method of a mango self-root stock, which changes the root system distribution of the stock, changes the root system of the mango stock from one main root of the actual stock (fig. 5) to a plurality of side roots of the self-root stock (fig. 4), and simultaneously, one seedling can be bred into a plurality of self-root stock seedlings, and simultaneously, the seedling with stem sections cut off can also be used as a seedling stock; the method is simple, easy to operate and high in survival rate, and can rapidly provide high-quality mango stocks.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The cultivation method of the mango self-root stock is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
after sowing seeds, cultivating until leaves of seedlings are aged to obtain seedlings, cutting the seedlings into a plurality of stem sections with the length of 15-25 cm, taking the stem sections as cutting slips, performing root promotion treatment, cutting, and cultivating the cutting slips until the diameter of the stem sections at the height of 8-12 cm from the ground reaches 0.8-1.2 cm, thus obtaining root stock;
the method comprises the steps of laying a seedbed, sterilizing and transplanting, wherein the laying of the seedbed is that 15-25 cm river sand is laid on the seedbed, the sterilization is carried out 1-3 days before sowing, the sterilization is that a potassium permanganate solution is sprayed on the seedbed and a film is covered on the seedbed, the transplanting is carried out after germination, and seedlings are obtained after transplanting and culturing to a layer 3 She Laoshou;
the cutting also comprises a pruning and root-promoting treatment, wherein the pruning and root-promoting treatment comprises the following steps of: cutting off seedlings at a position 4-6 cm away from the ground, cutting into cutting slips, soaking the seedlings in a bactericide for 8-12 min, and treating the seedlings with a root promoting solution for 1-3 s;
the lower end of the cutting pin is beveled to be 30-45 degrees, 1 leaf is reserved, and the reserved leaf area is 1/4 to 1/2 of the original leaf area;
the root promoting solution comprises 450-550 mg/L of NAA and 450-550 mg/L of IBA;
the cuttage comprises the following steps: wormcast and garden soil volume ratio 2:1, mixing the wood cutting materials as a cutting matrix, punching holes with the diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm and the depth of 4-6 cm, wherein the row spacing of the holes is 10-15 cm, the column spacing of the holes is 5-8 cm, putting the trimmed cutting slips into the holes, and compacting;
the post-cutting culture comprises the following steps: spraying water after cutting, building a shed cover film, shading, spraying water once every 3-5 days, and spraying bactericide once every 7-10 days;
removing the arch shed after 1 month, and spraying compound fertilizer;
transplanting the plant seeds into a seedling cup after 2 months, spraying water every 6-8 days, shading for 1 month, and spraying compound fertilizer every 28-31 days.
2. The cultivation method of mango self-rooted rootstocks according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the sprayed potassium permanganate solution is 0.2%, and the dosage of the potassium permanganate solution is 90-110 mL/m 2 。
3. The cultivation method of mango self-rooted rootstocks according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the seedbed is kept at 50-70% after sowing.
4. The cultivation method of mango self-root stock according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide is thiophanate-methyl wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70% and is 800-1000 times of liquid.
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| CN114402823A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Mango seedling grafting method |
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| CN102119642A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-07-13 | 宜昌市科力生实业有限公司 | Method for grafting citrus sprout by using citrange cuttage stock |
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