CN110301239B - Method for manufacturing grafted roselle bonsai - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing grafted roselle bonsai Download PDFInfo
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- CN110301239B CN110301239B CN201910674327.XA CN201910674327A CN110301239B CN 110301239 B CN110301239 B CN 110301239B CN 201910674327 A CN201910674327 A CN 201910674327A CN 110301239 B CN110301239 B CN 110301239B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bonsai manufacture, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a grafted roselle bonsai, which comprises the following steps: (1) cultivating a grafting stock, (2) cultivating roselle scions, (3) pulling out weak seedlings of the stock, (4) grafting, and (5) managing after grafting, wherein the short-day treatment is needed for the preparation of spring bonsais, and the short-day treatment is not needed for the preparation of autumn bonsais. The roselle is grafted onto the one-year or multi-year stock with strong disease resistance, and short-day treatment is performed, so that the plants enter a reproductive growth period in advance, plants in a flowering period can be obtained in spring, the cross-season making of the roselle bonsai is completed, the popularization and application range of the roselle can be widened, and the disease resistance and the economic benefit of the roselle are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bonsai manufacturing, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a grafted roselle bonsai.
Background
Roselle has high nutritive value and health-care function, and is a plant used as both medicine and food. The dry or fresh roselle calyx has commercial value, the fresh flower calyx has a fleshy structure and is succulent, the roselle calyx contains rich protein, organic acid, vitamin C and the like, the roselle calyx has good edible nutritional value, and hibiscus acid, anthocyanin, reducing sugar and the like contained in roselle has important medicinal and health-care effects on human bodies. The sepals of the roselle in the mature period are rose or purple red, thereby having great ornamental value and being suitable for being used as ornamental potted flowers. With the increase of the continuous cropping times, the soil-borne diseases are continuously intensified, so that the diseases of the roselle seedlings are frequently generated, the ornamental quality of the roselle is influenced, and even the roselle seedlings die in a large area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a grafted roselle bonsai, which aims to solve the soil-borne diseases of roselle, obtain disease-resistant plants and improve the economic benefit of roselle.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a grafted roselle bonsai, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) cultivating a grafting stock: sowing stock seeds in flowerpots, sowing 5-8 seeds in each flowerpot, and taking seedlings as grafting stocks;
(2) culturing roselle scions: one week after the stock is sowed, sowing roselle seeds in disinfected seedling-raising soil for raising seedlings, and taking the seedlings as scions;
(3) removing the weak seedlings of the stocks: when the stock seedling grows to 6-8 true leaves and the scion grows to 4-6 true leaves, pulling out weak seedlings in a flowerpot of the stock, and reserving 1-2 seedlings in each pot;
(4) grafting: adopting a cleft grafting method to graft, cutting off the upper part of the stock, leaving 2-4 true leaves at the lower part, and vertically cutting a 0.5-0.8cm cut in the middle of the stem; cutting off the lower part of the scion, leaving a stem with the length of 3-5cm and 2-4 true leaves, cutting off 2/3 leaves of each true leaf to reduce water evaporation, cutting the lower part of the scion into a wedge shape, inserting the wedge-shaped scion into a stock cut, and fixing the wedge-shaped scion by using a fixing device;
(5) and (3) management after grafting: transplanting the grafted seedlings into a plastic sunshade with a shading rate of 50-70%, watering in time, performing injection wind prevention 3 days after grafting, moving the grafted seedlings out of the sunshade 7 days after grafting, and watering in time to keep the soil moist; removing the fixing device 15-20 days after grafting, and performing conventional water and fertilizer management; the flower pot with the same flower and fruit can be formed after the buds appear for 15 to 30 days; wherein, the fresh fruit is bigger when the buds appear for 25-30 days.
Wherein, the roselle bonsai is made in spring, after the fixing device is removed and the roselle grows to 6-8 true leaves, a black film is covered on the roselle plant for shading treatment, the sunshine time is 10-11.5 hours, and the black film is removed after the roselle buds; the potted landscape made in autumn does not need shading treatment.
Preferably, in the step (1), the perennial plant hibiscus syriacus is used as a stock, and seeds are soaked in hot water of 80 ℃ for 5 minutes before sowing. Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus sabdariffa are perennial deciduous shrubs of the same family (Hibiscus of Malvaceae), and have the characteristics of strong stress resistance, strong branching and the like.
Preferably, in the step (1), the annual plant of the golden larch is hung from hibiscus as the rootstock. The thelepis trifoliata and the roselle are annual tetraploid plants of the same family (hibiscus of malvaceae), and have the advantages of high plant size, strong disease resistance and the like.
Preferably, in step (1), the seeds are sown in late 3 months of spring. Sowing in 7 middle ten days in autumn.
Preferably, in the step (2), 99% of hymexazol disinfection nutrient soil is adopted, and every 1g of hymexazol and 15kg of nutrient soil are mixed with soil for disinfection.
Preferably, in the step (4), the fixing is performed by using a grafting clip or adhesive label paper.
Preferably, in the step (4), a cutting device is adopted to cut the stock and cut the lower part of the scion into a wedge shape, the cutting device comprises a first cutting part and a second cutting part which are hinged with each other, the first cutting part is connected with the first handle part, and the second cutting part is connected with the second handle part; the first cutting part is provided with a first protruding cutting edge and a second protruding cutting edge, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are in a splayed shape with a small inside and a large outside, and a concave arc shape is formed between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge; the second shearing part is provided with a protruding third blade and a protruding fourth blade, the third blade and the fourth blade are in a splayed shape with a small inside and a large outside, the third blade is close to the first blade, the fourth blade is close to the second blade, and a concave arc shape is formed between the third blade and the fourth blade; the tail end of the first handle is hinged with a first blade, the cutting edge of the first blade is arranged on one side of the first blade, and a first slot matched with the first blade is formed in the tail of the first handle; the tail end of the second handle is hinged with a second blade, the cutting edge of the second blade is arranged at one end far away from the shearing part and is wedge-shaped, namely the shape and the size of the cutting edge of the second blade are matched with the size of the interval between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge, and a second slot matched with the second blade is arranged at the tail part of the second handle. The overall shape of the device is similar to that of a tool pliers, the first handle and the second handle are pulled apart, the main stem of the scion is placed in the second slot, and then the scion can be cut into a wedge shape by pressing the first handle and the second handle. The upper and lower double knives set up and dispose the arc slot, reducible extrusion, the damage of the butt joint ear of grain plant of lightening. The first blade is a common blade and can complete the procedures of cutting, leaf cutting and the like. The second blade is preset into a wedge shape, so that the stock is conveniently split, meanwhile, the splitting size of the stock is consistent with the shape and size of the scion, the stock and the scion are in contact as much as possible, and the grafting efficiency is favorably improved.
Preferably, a longitudinal scale is arranged on a symmetry axis between the third blade and the fourth blade. The rootstocks with proper specifications can be conveniently cut out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the roselle is grafted onto the stock growing for one year or more, and short-day treatment is carried out, so that the plant enters the reproductive growth period in advance, the plant in the flowering phase can be obtained in spring, the cross-season making of the roselle bonsai is completed, the popularization and application range of the roselle can be widened, the disease resistance of the roselle is improved, and the economic benefit of the roselle is improved.
2. The improved cutting device is used for grafting, the wedge-shaped scion can be obtained at one time, the damage to the scion is small, the shape and the size of the cut scion are consistent with those of the stock, the stock is in contact with the scion as much as possible, and the grafting efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a roselle potted landscape using hibiscus as a rootstock.
FIG. 2 is a roselle potted landscape with the Jinqianghuan lotus as the stock.
Fig. 3 is a roselle miniascape manufactured in comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cutting device for grafting.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-a first cutting part, 2-a second cutting part, 3-a first handle part, 4-a second handle part, 5-a first blade, 6-a second blade, 7-a third blade, 8-a fourth blade, 9-a first blade, 10-a first slot, 11-a second blade, 12-a second slot, and 13-a scale.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1 method for making roselle bonsai using hibiscus as rootstock
The test material roselle MG1501-1-1 of this example is a stable strain developed by the institute of economic crops of Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences.
The specific manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
and (3) in 2018, sowing hibiscus in a flowerpot for seedling culture in 25 days in 3 months, and taking the seedling as a grafting stock, wherein the hibiscus is soaked in hot water of 80 ℃ for 5 minutes before sowing. One week after sowing, sowing roselle seeds in disinfected seedling-raising soil (adopting 99% by mass of hymexazol to disinfect the seedling-raising soil, and mixing 1g of hymexazol with 15kg of seedling-raising soil to disinfect the seedling-raising soil), and taking the seedlings as scions.
When the stock seedling grows to 6-8 true leaves and the scion grows to 4-6 true leaves, pulling out weak and small seedlings in the flowerpot of the stock, and reserving 1-2 seedlings in each pot. Adopting cleft grafting method to cut off the upper part of the stock, leaving 2-4 true leaves at the lower part, and vertically cutting a cut of about 0.5-0.8cm in the middle of the stem. Cutting off the lower part of the scion, leaving 2-4 true leaves about 3-5cm, cutting off 2/3 leaf blades of each true leaf to reduce water evaporation, cutting the lower part of the scion into a wedge shape, inserting the scion into a stock cut, and fixing the scion by using a grafting clip or adhesive sticker label paper.
Adopt cutting device to cut the stock, cut the scion lower part into the wedge, cutting device includes first shearing part 1 and second shearing part 2 of mutual articulated, first shearing part 1 links to each other with first handle portion 3, second shearing part 2 links to each other with second handle portion 4. The first cutting part 1 is provided with a first protruding blade 5 and a second protruding blade 6, the first blade 5 and the second blade 6 are in a splayed shape with a small inside and a large outside, and a concave arc shape is formed between the first blade 5 and the second blade 6; the second cutting part 2 is provided with a protruding third cutting edge 7 and a protruding fourth cutting edge 8, the third cutting edge 7 and the fourth cutting edge 8 are in a splayed shape with a small inside and a large outside, a concave arc shape is formed between the third cutting edge 7 and the fourth cutting edge 8, a longitudinal scale 13 is arranged between the third cutting edge 7 and the fourth cutting edge 8, the third cutting edge 7 is adjacent to the first cutting edge 5, and the fourth cutting edge 8 is adjacent to the second cutting edge 6. The tail end of the first handle is hinged with a first blade 9, the blade of the first blade 9 is arranged on one side of the first blade 9, and the tail part of the first handle is provided with a first slot 10 matched with the first blade 9; the tail end of the second handle is hinged with a second blade 11, the cutting edge of the second blade 11 is arranged at one end far away from the shearing part and is wedge-shaped, and a second slot 12 matched with the second blade 11 is arranged at the tail part of the second handle.
And (3) transplanting the grafted seedlings into a plastic sunshade with shading of 50%, supplementing water in time, paying attention to prevent wind in the first 3 days after grafting, moving the grafted seedlings out of the sunshade after 7 days after grafting, and supplementing water in time. And removing the grafting clips 15 days after grafting, and carrying out normal management to ensure that the grafting survival rate is about 85 percent.
And (3) obtaining plants in the flowering phase by shading short-day treatment in spring, namely covering a black film on the roselle plants for shading treatment when the grafting clips are removed from the grafted seedlings, so that the sunshine duration is 10-11.5 hours, and removing the black film after the roselle buds appear, thereby obtaining the plants entering the flowering phase. The potted landscape with the same flower and fruit strain can be formed after 25 to 30 days. If the bonsai is made in autumn, sowing can be performed in the middle of 7 months, and the grafted bonsai can be obtained only by conventional management without shading short-day treatment after removing the grafting clips.
Example 2 method for making roselle bonsai using hanging flower of Longhairy holly as rootstock
The test material roselle MG1501-1-1 of this example is a stable strain developed by the institute of economic crops of Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences.
And (3) in 2018, in 3 and 26 months, sowing the lotus seeds into flowerpots for seedling raising, and taking the seedlings as grafting stocks. One week after sowing, sowing roselle seeds in disinfected seedling-raising soil (adopting 99% by mass of hymexazol to disinfect the seedling-raising soil, and mixing 1g of hymexazol with 15kg of seedling-raising soil to disinfect the seedling-raising soil), and taking the seedlings as scions.
When the stock seedling grows to 6-8 true leaves and the scion grows to 4-6 true leaves, pulling out weak and small seedlings in the flowerpot of the stock, and reserving 1-2 seedlings in each pot. Adopting cleft grafting method to cut off the upper part of the stock, leaving 2-4 true leaves at the lower part, and vertically cutting a cut of about 0.5-0.8cm in the middle of the stem. Cutting off the lower part of the scion, leaving 2-4 true leaves about 3-5cm, cutting off 2/3 leaf blades of each true leaf to reduce water evaporation, cutting the lower part of the scion into a wedge shape, inserting the scion into a stock cut, and fixing the scion by using adhesive label paper.
Adopt cutting device to cut the stock, cut the scion lower part into the wedge, cutting device includes first shearing part 1 and second shearing part 2 of mutual articulated, first shearing part 1 links to each other with first handle portion 3, second shearing part 2 links to each other with second handle portion 4. The first cutting part 1 is provided with a first protruding blade 5 and a second protruding blade 6, the first blade 5 and the second blade 6 are in a splayed shape with a small inside and a large outside, and a concave arc shape is formed between the first blade 5 and the second blade 6; the second cutting part 2 is provided with a protruding third blade 7 and a protruding fourth blade 8, the third blade 7 and the fourth blade 8 are in a splayed shape with a small inside and a large outside, a concave arc shape is formed between the third blade 7 and the fourth blade 8, a longitudinal scale 13 is arranged on the central axis of the third blade 7 and the fourth blade 8, the third blade 7 is close to the first blade 5, and the fourth blade 8 is close to the second blade 6. The tail end of the first handle is hinged with a first blade 9, the blade of the first blade 9 is arranged on one side close to the second handle, and the tail part of the first handle is provided with a first slot 10 matched with the first blade 9; the tail end of the second handle is hinged with a second blade 11, the cutting edge of the second blade 11 is arranged at one end far away from the shearing part and is wedge-shaped, and a second slot 12 matched with the second blade 11 is arranged at the tail part of the second handle.
And (3) transferring the grafted seedlings into a plastic sunshade with shading of 70%, supplementing water in time, paying attention to prevent wind in the first 3 days after grafting, and removing the grafted seedlings out of the sunshade after 7 days after grafting, and paying attention to supplement water in time. And (4) removing the label paper 20 days after grafting, and carrying out normal management, wherein the grafting survival rate is about 90%.
In spring, plants in flowering period are obtained through shading short-day treatment, namely when label paper is removed from grafted seedlings, a black film is covered on the roselle plants for shading treatment, the sunshine duration is 10-11.5 hours, and the black film is removed after the roselle buds appear, so that the plants entering the flowering period can be obtained. The potted landscape with the same flower and fruit strain can be formed after 20 to 30 days. If the bonsai is made in autumn, sowing can be performed in the middle of 7 months, and the grafted bonsai can be obtained only by conventional management without shading short-day treatment after the label paper is removed.
Comparative example 1
The protocol of this example is similar to that of example 2, with the following differences: the used cutting plants are plants which are not shaded and treated in short days in spring, and the upper parts of branches are directly cut in flowerpots. Under the same management and maintenance, the leaves of the plants are dark green, no flower buds are seen, the plants are still in the vegetative growth stage, the flowers and the fruits cannot be bloomed, and the potted landscape ornamental value of both the flowers and the fruits cannot be achieved. (figure 3) at the same time, the bonsai has low survival rate (the achievement rate is only 65 percent and is 25 percent lower than that of the embodiment 2) until the disease state is easy to appear. Therefore, the method can reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, culture the roselle with the same flowers and fruits and great ornamental value, and simultaneously improve the disease resistance and the economic benefit of the roselle.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A method for manufacturing a grafted roselle bonsai is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cultivating a grafting stock: sowing stock seeds in flowerpots, sowing 4-5 seeds in each flowerpot, and taking seedlings as grafting stocks;
(2) culturing roselle scions: one week after the stock is sowed, sowing roselle seeds in disinfected seedling-raising soil for raising seedlings, and taking the seedlings as scions;
(3) removing the weak seedlings of the stocks: when the stock seedling grows to 6-8 true leaves and the scion grows to 4-6 true leaves, pulling out weak seedlings in a flowerpot of the stock, and reserving 1-2 seedlings in each pot;
(4) grafting: adopting a cleft grafting method to graft, cutting off the upper part of the stock, leaving 2-4 true leaves at the lower part, and vertically cutting a 0.5-0.8cm cut in the middle of the stem; cutting off the lower part of the scion, leaving a stem with the length of 3-5cm and 2-4 true leaves, cutting off 2/3 leaves of each true leaf to reduce water evaporation, cutting the lower part of the scion into a wedge shape, inserting the wedge-shaped scion into a stock cut, and fixing the wedge-shaped scion by using a fixing device;
cutting the rootstock and cutting the lower part of the scion into a wedge shape by adopting a cutting device, wherein the cutting device comprises a first shearing part and a second shearing part which are hinged with each other, the first shearing part is connected with a first handle part, and the second shearing part is connected with a second handle part; the first cutting part is provided with a first protruding cutting edge and a second protruding cutting edge, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are in a splayed shape with a small inside and a large outside, and a concave arc shape is formed between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge; the second shearing part is provided with a protruding third blade and a protruding fourth blade, the third blade and the fourth blade are in a splayed shape with a small inside and a large outside, the third blade is close to the first blade, the fourth blade is close to the second blade, and a concave arc shape is formed between the third blade and the fourth blade; the tail end of the first handle is hinged with a first blade, the cutting edge of the first blade is arranged on one side of the first blade, and a first slot matched with the first blade is formed in the tail of the first handle; the tail end of the second handle is hinged with a second blade, the cutting edge of the second blade is arranged at one end far away from the shearing part and is wedge-shaped, and a second slot matched with the second blade is arranged at the tail part of the second handle;
(5) and (3) management after grafting: transplanting the grafted seedlings into a plastic sunshade with a shading rate of 50-70%, watering in time, performing injection wind prevention 3 days after grafting, moving the grafted seedlings out of the sunshade 7 days after grafting, and watering in time to keep the soil moist; removing the fixing device 15-20 days after grafting, and performing conventional water and fertilizer management; the flower pot with the same flower and fruit can be formed after the buds appear for 15 to 30 days;
wherein, the roselle bonsai is made in spring, after the fixing device is removed and the roselle grows to 6-8 true leaves, a black film is covered on the roselle plant for shading treatment, the sunshine time is 10-11.5 hours, and the black film is removed after the roselle buds; the potted landscape made in autumn does not need shading treatment.
2. The method for making the grafted roselle bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the perennial plant hibiscus syriacus is used as a stock, and seeds are soaked in hot water of 80 ℃ for 5 minutes before sowing.
3. The method for making the grafted roselle bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the annual plant of the golden larch hibiscus is used as a rootstock.
4. The method for making the grafted roselle bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the seeds are sown in 3 Laetime in spring.
5. The making method of the grafted roselle bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), 99% of hymexazol is adopted for sterilizing the seedling raising soil, and each 1g of hymexazol and 15kg of seedling raising soil are mixed with soil for sterilization.
6. The method for making the grafted roselle bonsai according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the grafting clip or the adhesive label paper is used for fixing.
7. The method for making the grafted roselle bonsai according to claim 1, wherein a longitudinal scale is arranged on a symmetry axis between the third blade and the fourth blade.
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Application publication date: 20191008 Assignee: Guilin Yiguo Grain Agricultural Products Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980045945 Denomination of invention: A Method for Making Grafted Roselle Bonsai Granted publication date: 20211217 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |