CN112470731B - Method for improving survival rate of mango high branch grafting - Google Patents
Method for improving survival rate of mango high branch grafting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of mango high branch grafting, which comprises the steps of collecting scions, spraying a regulator I to scion trees of which the scions are to be collected in front of the scions; digging an annular groove around a stock tree body to be subjected to high branch grafting before grafting, and burying a regulator II; pruning tree crowns before grafting; when the high branch grafting is carried out, after the stock and the scion incision are cut, the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution is dipped, the stock incision and the scion incision are respectively smeared, and then the scion incision and the stock incision are jointed for grafting; and spraying the regulator III on the whole plant after grafting. By adopting the method, the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is improved from 30-40% to 65-85% under the condition of low affinity degree between the stock variety and the scion variety, the basic healing speed of the grafting opening is improved by more than 10-15 days compared with that of the conventional method, unbinding is not needed after the scion is newly extracted, the appearance of the grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the survival rate of mango high branch grafting, in particular to a method for improving the survival rate of mango high branch grafting under the condition of low affinity degree between a stock variety and a scion variety, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
Mango is an important tropical fruit tree, and the mango is attractive in appearance, bright in color and luster, rich in fragrance and widely favored by consumers, and is called as a tropical fruit king. Although mangoes occupy important positions in tropical fruit trees, the mangoes are typical tropical crops and are sensitive to temperature, only tropical and subtropical areas can be planted, and the production area of the mangoes is relatively limited due to the limitation of climate conditions. In recent decades, large-scale mango planting is developed in the hot areas such as Hainan, yunnan, guangdong, guangxi, fujian and Sichuan in succession.
Although the history of large-scale mango planting in China is not long, the mango varieties are complex and various, only 100 mango varieties exist in China, the difference among different varieties is obvious, and after large-scale cultivation for decades, many orchards face the problems of yield reduction, poor consistency, variety degradation, tree vigor degradation and the like, and the phenomenon exists in mango gardens with different provinces in the hot areas in China to different extents. In addition, with the progress of breeding technology in recent years, new mango varieties are layered endlessly, and market demands of traditional mango varieties are smaller and smaller, so that selling prices of fruits of the traditional varieties are low-level wandering. In order to improve the benefits of the orchard, more and more fruit farmers begin to try to improve new types of mango orchards through a high branch grafting mode.
Compared with direct updating of an orchard, the method has the advantages that the original fruit trees are not needed to be cut off when the new variety of the orchard is improved through high branch grafting, hole digging and field planting are not needed again, stock cultivation is not needed again, and the investment of the cost is far smaller than that of direct updating of the orchard; in addition, because the original big tree plants in the orchard are directly used as the stocks for grafting, the non-production period after grafting is obviously shortened, and many orchards with better management can be put into production in the second year and even in the third year, the better yield can be obtained, and the economic loss of fruit farmers due to the updating of the orchards is reduced to a great extent.
Although high branch grafting is a relatively common orchard management technology, a series of problems still exist in high branch grafting due to the unique physiological characteristics of mango, wherein the main problem is low grafting survival rate. In the high-branch grafting variety improvement process of many orchards, repeated grafting is caused due to low survival rate, labor cost is increased if the labor cost is light, the growth vigor of the grafted tree body is inconsistent, and the branches of the stock tree body are withered or even dead by the whole plant if the labor cost is heavy, so that great economic loss is caused.
Unlike conventional grafting, the high branch grafting is performed on big mango trees cultivated in open air, and the method is not like conventional seedling grafting, and the stock can be transplanted into a greenhouse with controllable conditions so as to avoid rain, microbial infection and the like. The existing mango high branch grafting technology is similar to the common seedling grafting technology, the stock and the scion tree body are not treated at all before grafting, the scion is directly sheared and then soaked or smeared with sterilizing liquid medicine, then the scion is grafted in a split grafting or joint grafting mode, and then the scion is wrapped by a grafting film, although the technology has been used for decades, the technology also has improved in a lot of details, the overall grafting survival rate is still lower, and particularly, the grafting survival rate is only 30% -40% under the condition of lower affinity degree between the stock variety and the scion variety.
The reasons for the low survival rate of the mango high branch grafting mainly include the following: firstly, the affinity between the stock variety and the scion variety is insufficient, and enough moisture and nutrient exchange does not exist between a stock incision and a scion incision, so that enough callus cannot be formed; secondly, after the tree crowns are cut off during grafting of the stock, the transpiration effect is weakened, the moisture and nutrient substances transported to the cut parts of the stock are insufficient, the water is easy to splash to the grafting openings at the moment, the grafting survival rate is greatly reduced, and if the water is not used, the water and the nutrient substances limited by the cut parts of the stock are insufficient, and the grafting survival rate is also reduced; thirdly, in order to prevent microbial infection, the scion is often soaked or smeared with sterilizing liquid medicine after being cut off, so that dormant bud points of the scion are damaged, the liquid medicine is easy to soak into scion tissues from cut-outs at two ends of the scion, the activity of the scion is affected, and the survival rate of high branch grafting is low; and fourthly, the influence of environmental conditions, such as water inlet of a grafting port, rapid change of external temperature and the like caused by external rainfall, can influence the survival rate of mango high branch grafting.
Aiming at the problem of low survival rate of mango high branch grafting, particularly low affinity between a stock variety and a scion variety, no reported technical means can be overcome, particularly the four reasons causing the problem can be overcome at the same time, so the technology needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of mango high branch grafting, so as to improve the survival rate of mango high branch grafting under the condition of low affinity degree between a stock variety and a scion variety.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for improving the survival rate of mango high branch grafting comprises the following steps:
step (1), spraying a regulator I to scion tree bodies of which scions are to be collected respectively for 1 time 15 days before scion collection and 10 days before scion collection, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2-3L;
digging an annular groove around a stock tree body to be subjected to high branch grafting 14-21 days before grafting, and burying a regulator II; pruning the tree crowns to a plant height of less than or equal to 1.5m by sawing off the upper ends of branches 1-3 days before grafting, wherein the diameter of the crown width is less than or equal to 1.8m;
step (3), during high branch grafting, after cutting the stock and the scion incision, dipping 10000-20000U/g of beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution to respectively smear the stock incision and the scion incision, smearing for 1 time every 3-10min, smearing for 3 times, and after smearing for the last 1 time, jointing the scion incision and the stock incision when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the incision is not dried;
step (4), sleeving scions and stocks by using paper bags with one ends open within 3-10min after the step (3) is completed, binding the bag openings, and inflating the paper bags before binding to ensure that the bound paper bags are in a bulge state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 1-3 days after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 1-2L;
and (6) after finishing the step (4) for 5-7 days, unwinding and taking down the aluminum foil paper bag, changing into a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag to cover the scion and the stock, tightly binding the front bag and inflating the bag to ensure that the bound light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is in a bulge state, and finishing the whole process.
The regulator I in the step (1) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 parts of distilled water,
5-10 parts of pyraclostrobin with the effective content of 25 percent,
5-10 parts of 0.01% brassinolide wettable powder,
10-20 parts of 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
1-methylcyclopropene 15-30×10 with effective content of 0.4% -6 Parts by weight.
The regulator II in the step (2) is prepared by mixing the following components by mass and is used for burying each stock tree:
2.0-4.0kg of drought-resistant water-retaining agent for agriculture and forestry with sodium polyacrylate content of 98%, 8-10kg of bio-organic fertilizer with effective bacterial count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/g and organic matter of more than or equal to 45%, and P 2 O 5 2.5-4.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the content of more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO of more than or equal to 8 percent and the content of CaO of more than or equal to 25 percent, 150-200g of 3 percent chlorpyrifos granules, 3-5g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/gram, 5-8g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/gram, and 10-20g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 50 hundred million/gram.
The paper bag in the step (4) is a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag, and the thickness is 0.03-0.05mm.
The regulator III in the step (5) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water,
10-12 parts of tebuconazole suspending agent with the active ingredient content of 430g/L,
10-12 parts of abamectin suspension with abamectin content of 3% and spirodiclofen content of 30%,
10-15 parts of hexaconazole and kresoxim-methyl with the content of 5% and the content of kresoxim-methyl being 25%.
The light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag in the step (6) is a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag with the thickness of 0.03-0.05mm, and the opening part of the light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag can be bundled by itself.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The stock tree body and the scion tree body are correspondingly treated before grafting, enough nutrition is accumulated in the stock and the scion, and the water supply of the stock tree body is more sufficient under the condition of inconvenient watering; the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution is smeared, so that the incompatibility between the stock and the scion is overcome to a certain extent, and the conversion of nutrient substances at the grafting opening and the healing of the grafting opening are promoted; the tin foil bag is sleeved after grafting, so that external moisture is isolated, the rapid temperature change of a grafting opening is prevented, and the good sealing performance is also beneficial to spraying sterilizing or pesticide on the whole plant after grafting; the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is improved from 30-40% to 65-85% under the condition of low affinity degree between the stock variety and the scion variety, and is improved by more than 1 time.
2) The replaced inflatable degradable transparent plastic bag provides enough temperature for the grafting opening, is beneficial to healing of the grafting opening, isolates external moisture from entering, is good in sealing performance, is beneficial to spraying sterilizing or insecticidal medicines on the whole plant after grafting, and improves the survival rate; in addition, the scion does not need to be unbinding after being newly pulled out, and the degradable transparent plastic bags sleeved on the scion and the upper end of the stock begin to degrade after 3-4 months, so that the risk that the strapping tape stays in the grafting port to cause the tree body to break when encountering wind damage after the tree body grows large is avoided.
3) The grafting opening is basically healed after the grafting is completed for 15-20 days, the healing speed of the grafting opening is basically improved by more than 10-15 days compared with that of the grafting opening by a conventional method, the appearance of the healed grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method is adopted to carry out high branch grafting by taking a 12-year-old plant of a traditional mango variety YNM-107 as a stock and taking a new mango variety YNM-341 as a scion. The method comprises the following steps:
step (1), spraying a regulator I to scion tree bodies of which scions are to be collected respectively for 1 time 15 days before scion collection and 10 days before scion collection, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 3L: the regulator I is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 parts of distilled water,
5 parts of pyraclostrobin with the effective content of 25 percent,
0.01% brassinolide wettable powder 5 parts,
10 parts of 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
1-methylcyclopropene 30X 10 with an effective content of 0.4% -6 A part(s);
digging an annular groove around a stock tree body to be subjected to high branch grafting 21 days before grafting, and burying a regulator II; pruning the tree crowns to a plant height of less than or equal to 1.5m by sawing off the upper ends of branches 1-3 days before grafting, wherein the diameter of the crown width is less than or equal to 1.8m; the regulator II is prepared by mixing the following components in mass and is used for burying each stock tree:
2.0kg of drought-resistant water-retaining agent for agriculture and forestry with sodium polyacrylate content of 98%, 8kg of bio-organic fertilizer with effective bacterial count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/g and organic matter of more than or equal to 45%, and P 2 O 5 2.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the content of more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO of more than or equal to 8 percent and the content of CaO of more than or equal to 25 percent, 150g of chlorpyrifos granules with the content of 3 percent, 5g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, 8g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g, and 20g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g.
In the step (3) and high branch grafting, after cutting the stock and scion incision, dipping 20000U/g beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution with a writing brush, respectively smearing the stock incision and the scion incision, smearing for 1 time every 3min, smearing for 3 times, and after smearing for the last 1 time, when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the incision is not dried, jointing the scion incision and the stock incision for grafting;
in 10min after the step (4) is finished, sleeving the scion and the stock by using a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag with an opening at one end and a thickness of 0.05mm, binding a bag opening along the periphery of the stock by using a nylon self-locking strapping tape at a position 10cm below the grafting opening, and inflating the aluminum foil paper bag before binding, so as to ensure that the bound aluminum foil paper bag is in a bulge state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 3 days after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2L; the regulator III is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water,
10 parts of tebuconazole suspending agent with the active ingredient content of 430g/L,
10 parts of abamectin suspension with abamectin content of 3 percent and spirodiclofen content of 30 percent,
10 parts of hexaconazole and kresoxim-methyl with the content of 5% and the content of kresoxim-methyl of 25%.
And (6) after finishing the step (4) for 7 days, unwinding and taking down the aluminum foil paper bag, replacing the aluminum foil paper bag with a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag with the thickness of 0.05mm, sleeving the scion and the stock, and inflating the bag before bundling to ensure that the bundled light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is in a bulge state, thereby finishing the whole process.
In the case of the mango stock variety YNM-107 and the mango scion variety YNM-341 with lower affinity, the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is 80% and is improved by 1 time compared with the prior art (survival rate 40%). In addition, the scion does not need to be unbinding after being newly pulled out, and the degradable transparent plastic bags sleeved at the upper ends of the scion and the stock begin to degrade after 3.5 months, so that the risk that the strapping tape is long inside the grafting opening to cause the tree body to be broken when encountering wind damage after being long is avoided. The bud starts 20 days after grafting is completed, the grafting opening is basically healed after 3.5 months, the speed of the basic healing of the grafting opening is improved by 10 days compared with that of the grafting opening by the conventional method, the appearance of the healed grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Example 2
15-year-old plants of the traditional mango varieties YNM-099 are used as stocks, new mango varieties YNM-343 are used as scions, and high-branch grafting is performed by adopting the method. The method comprises the following steps:
step (1), spraying a regulator I to scion tree bodies of which scions are to be collected respectively for 1 time 15 days before scion collection and 10 days before scion collection, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2L: the regulator I is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 parts of distilled water,
10 parts of pyraclostrobin with the effective content of 25 percent,
10 parts of 0.01% brassinolide wettable powder,
20 parts of 98 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
1-methylcyclopropene 15×10 with an effective content of 0.4% -6 A part(s);
digging an annular groove around a stock tree body to be subjected to high branch grafting 14 days before grafting, and burying a regulator II; pruning the tree crowns to a plant height of less than or equal to 1.5m by sawing off the upper ends of branches 1-3 days before grafting, wherein the diameter of the crown width is less than or equal to 1.8m; the regulator II is prepared by mixing the following components in mass and is used for burying each stock tree:
4.0kg of drought-resistant water-retaining agent for agriculture and forestry with sodium polyacrylate content of 98%, 10kg of biological organic fertilizer with effective viable count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/g and organic matter of more than or equal to 45%, and P 2 O 5 4.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the content of more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO of more than or equal to 8 percent and the content of CaO of more than or equal to 25 percent, 200g of chlorpyrifos granules with the content of 3 percent, 3g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, 5g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g, and 10g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g.
In the step (3) and high branch grafting, after cutting the stock and scion incision, dipping 15000U/g of beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution into the stock incision and scion incision respectively, smearing 1 time every 8min, smearing 3 times, and after smearing 1 time, when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the incision is not dried, jointing the scion incision and the stock incision for grafting;
in 7min after the step (4) is finished, sleeving the scion and the stock by using a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag with an opening at one end and the thickness of 0.03mm, binding a bag opening along the periphery of the stock by using a nylon self-locking strapping tape at a position 10cm below the grafting opening, and inflating the aluminum foil paper bag before binding, so as to ensure that the bound aluminum foil paper bag is in a bulge state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 2 days after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 1.5L; the regulator III is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water,
12 parts of tebuconazole suspending agent with the active ingredient content of 430g/L,
12 parts of abamectin suspension agent with 3 percent of abamectin and 30 percent of spirodiclofen,
15 parts of hexaconazole and kresoxim-methyl with the content of 5% and the content of kresoxim-methyl being 25%.
And (6) after finishing the step (4) for 5 days, unwinding and taking down the aluminum foil paper bag, replacing the aluminum foil paper bag with a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag with the thickness of 0.03mm, sleeving the scion and the stock, and inflating the bag before bundling to ensure that the bundled light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is in a bulge state, thereby finishing the whole process.
In the case of the mango stock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343, the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is 65% and is improved by 1.167 times compared with the prior art (survival rate is 30%). In addition, the scion does not need to be unbinding after being newly pulled out, and the degradable transparent plastic bags sleeved at the upper ends of the scion and the stock begin to degrade after 3 months, so that the risk that the strapping tape is long inside the grafting opening to cause the tree body to be broken when encountering wind damage after being long is avoided. The bud starts after 15 days of grafting, the grafting opening is basically healed after 3 months, the speed of the basic healing of the grafting opening is improved by 15 days compared with that of the grafting opening by the conventional method, the appearance of the healed grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Example 3
15-year-old plants of the traditional mango varieties YNM-099 are used as stocks, new mango varieties YNM-343 are used as scions, and high-branch grafting is performed by adopting the method. The method comprises the following steps:
step (1), spraying a regulator I to scion tree bodies of which scions are to be collected respectively for 1 time 15 days before scion collection and 10 days before scion collection, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2L: the regulator I is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 parts of distilled water,
8 parts of pyraclostrobin with the effective content of 25 percent,
8 parts of 0.01% brassinolide wettable powder,
15 parts of 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
1-methylcyclopropene 20X 10 with an effective content of 0.4% -6 A part(s);
digging an annular groove around a stock tree body to be subjected to high branch grafting 14 days before grafting, and burying a regulator II; pruning the tree crowns to a plant height of less than or equal to 1.5m by sawing off the upper ends of branches 1-3 days before grafting, wherein the diameter of the crown width is less than or equal to 1.8m; the regulator II is prepared by mixing the following components in mass and is used for burying each stock tree:
4.0kg of drought-resistant water-retaining agent for agriculture and forestry with sodium polyacrylate content of 98%, 10kg of biological organic fertilizer with effective viable count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/g and organic matter of more than or equal to 45%, and P 2 O 5 3.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the content of more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO of more than or equal to 8 percent and the content of CaO of more than or equal to 25 percent, 200g of chlorpyrifos granules with the content of 3 percent, 3g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, 5g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g, and 10g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g.
In the step (3) and high branch grafting, after cutting the stock and scion incision, a 10000U/g beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution is dipped by a writing brush to respectively smear the stock incision and the scion incision, 1 time is smeared every 10min, 3 times are smeared, and after the last 1 time of smearing, when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the incision is not dried, the scion incision is jointed with the stock incision for grafting;
in 3min after the step (4) is finished, sleeving the scion and the stock by using a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag with an opening at one end and a thickness of 0.03mm, binding a bag opening along the periphery of the stock by using a nylon self-locking strapping tape at a position 10cm below the grafting opening, and inflating the aluminum foil paper bag before binding, so as to ensure that the bound aluminum foil paper bag is in a bulge state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 1 day after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 1L; the regulator III is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water,
11 parts of tebuconazole suspending agent with the active ingredient content of 430g/L,
11 parts of abamectin suspension agent with 3 percent of abamectin and 30 percent of spirodiclofen,
13 parts of hexaconazole and kresoxim-methyl with the content of 5% and the content of kresoxim-methyl being 25%.
And (6) after the step (4) is finished for 6 days, the aluminum foil paper bag is disassembled and taken down, the aluminum foil paper bag is replaced by a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag with the thickness of 0.03mm, the scion and the stock are sleeved by the light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag, the bag is inflated before being tightly bundled, the bundled light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is ensured to be in a bulge state, and the whole process is finished.
In the case of the low affinity between the mango stock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343, the survival rate of the mango high branch grafting is 81%, which is improved by 1.7 times compared with the prior art (the survival rate is 30%). In addition, the scion does not need to be unbinding after being newly pulled out, and the degradable transparent plastic bags sleeved at the upper ends of the scion and the stock begin to degrade after 3 months, so that the risk that the strapping tape is long inside the grafting opening to cause the tree body to be broken when encountering wind damage after being long is avoided. The bud starts after 15 days of grafting, the grafting opening is basically healed after 3 months, the speed of the basic healing of the grafting opening is improved by 15 days compared with that of the grafting opening by the conventional method, the appearance of the healed grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Comparative example 1
As in example 2, only step (1) and step (2) in example 2 were omitted, and the results showed that: under the condition that the affinity degree between the mango stock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343 is low, the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is 45%, and is only improved by 0.5 times compared with the prior art (the survival rate is 30%).
The reason is that: the scion and the stock do not absorb and accumulate enough nutrient substances, the nutrient in the soil near the root system of the stock lacks the activation of bacillus, and the moisture supply of the stock after the high branch grafting is limited, so that the grafting survival rate is lower than that of the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 2
As in example 2, step (3) was omitted only in example 2, and the result showed that: under the condition that the affinity degree between the mango stock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343 is low, the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is 36%, which is only 0.2 times higher than that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30%).
The reason is that: the key substance of beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase is lacked, the phenomenon of inapplicability at the incision of the stock and the scion is not fully broken, and the callus of the grafting opening is not well developed.
Comparative example 3
As in example 2, step (4) was omitted only in example 2, and the result showed that: under the condition that the affinity degree between the mango stock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343 is low, the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is 3 percent, which is only one tenth of that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30 percent).
The reason is that: the upper ends of the grafted scions and the stock are not sleeved with cylindrical aluminum foil paper bags, and are not bundled by grafting films like the prior art, and the scions and the stock are naturally immersed in water, most grafting ports cannot develop normally, so that the survival rate of the high-branch grafting is extremely low.
Comparative example 4
As in example 2, step (5) was omitted only in example 2, and the result showed that: under the condition that the affinity degree between the mango stock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343 is low, the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is 66%, and is improved by 1.2 times compared with the prior art (the survival rate is 30%).
The reason is that: the whole plant is not sterilized after grafting, and the plant is more susceptible to diseases under the condition that the branches and leaves of the stock plant are cut off after grafting, so that the grafting survival rate is lower than that of the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 5
As in example 2, step (6) was omitted only in example 2, and the result showed that: under the condition that the affinity degree between the mango stock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343 is low, the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is 6 percent, which is only one fifth of that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30 percent).
The reason is that: the aluminum foil paper bags are removed, the transparent plastic bags with the functions of polishing and biodegradation are not sleeved, and the grafting films are not used for bundling like the prior art, and although the callus tissues of part of grafting interfaces begin to develop, most grafting opening parts still die due to natural water immersion after the aluminum foil paper bags are removed, so that the survival rate of the high branch grafting is extremely low.
Comparative example 6
The same stock and scion variety as in example 2 was used to carry out high branch grafting using existing conventional operating techniques, as follows: before grafting, the stock and scion tree are not treated, scion is directly sheared, then soaked with 0.1-0.3% carbendazim wettable powder liquid medicine, then grafted in a split grafting mode, and then wrapped by a PVC grafting film with the width of 5cm, and then conventional management is adopted. Because the affinity degree between the stock variety and the scion variety is low, the grafting survival rate is only 30 percent.
Comparison of the high branch grafting Effect of each example and comparative example
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving the survival rate of mango high branch grafting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), spraying a regulator I to scion tree bodies of which scions are to be collected for 1 time respectively on the 15 th day and the 10 th day before the scion is collected, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2-3L;
the regulator I is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 parts of distilled water, 5-10 parts of pyraclostrobin with the effective content of 25%, 5-10 parts of 0.01% brassinolide wettable powder, 10-20 parts of 98% monopotassium phosphate and 15-30 multiplied by 10 of 1-methylcyclopropene with the effective content of 0.4% -6 A part(s);
step (2), digging an annular groove around a stock tree body to be subjected to high branch grafting in the 14 th to 21 th days before grafting, and burying a regulator II; pruning the tree crowns to a plant height of less than or equal to 1.5m by sawing off the upper ends of branches in the 1 st to 3 th days before grafting, wherein the diameter of the crown width is less than or equal to 1.8m;
the regulator II is prepared by mixing the following components in mass and is used for burying each stock tree:
2.0-4.0kg of drought-resistant water-retaining agent for agriculture and forestry with sodium polyacrylate content of 98%, 8-10kg of biological organic fertilizer with effective viable count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/g and organic matter of more than or equal to 45%, P 2 O 5 2.5-4.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the content of more than or equal to 12 percent, the MgO content of more than or equal to 8 percent and the CaO content of more than or equal to 25 percent, 150-200g of 3 percent chlorpyrifos granules, 3-5g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, 5-8g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g, and 10-20g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of viable bacteria of more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g;
step (3), during high branch grafting, after cutting the stock and the scion incision, dipping 10000-20000U/g of beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution to respectively smear the stock incision and the scion incision, smearing for 1 time every 3-10min, smearing for 3 times, and after smearing for the last 1 time, jointing the scion incision and the stock incision when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the incision is not dried;
step (4), sleeving scions and stocks by using paper bags with one ends open within 3-10min after the step (3) is completed, binding the bag openings, and inflating the paper bags before binding to ensure that the bound paper bags are in a bulge state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 1-3 days after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 1-2L;
the regulator III is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water, 10-12 parts of tebuconazole suspending agent with the active ingredient content of 430g/L, 10-12 parts of abamectin suspending agent with the abamectin content of 3% and the spirodiclofen content of 30%, and 10-15 parts of hexaconazole kresoxim-methyl with the hexaconazole content of 5% and the kresoxim-methyl content of 25%;
and (6) after finishing the step (4) for 5-7 days, unwinding and taking down the aluminum foil paper bag, changing into a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag to cover the scion and the stock, tightly binding the scion and the stock, and inflating the bag before the binding, so as to ensure that the bound light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is in a swelling state, and finishing the whole process.
2. The method for improving the survival rate of mango top grafting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the paper bag in the step (4) is a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag, and the thickness is 0.03-0.05mm.
3. The method for improving the survival rate of mango top grafting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag in the step (6) is a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag with the thickness of 0.03-0.05mm, and the opening part of the light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag can be bundled by itself.
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| CN114680140B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2024-01-26 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Medicament for improving grafting effect of melons as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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