CN105284382A - Cultivation method for plum tree - Google Patents
Cultivation method for plum tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284382A CN105284382A CN201510783385.8A CN201510783385A CN105284382A CN 105284382 A CN105284382 A CN 105284382A CN 201510783385 A CN201510783385 A CN 201510783385A CN 105284382 A CN105284382 A CN 105284382A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a cultivation method for a plum tree. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) soil and land preparation: selecting soil with a thick soil layer and without waterlogging; (2) seedling selection: selecting plum seedlings with a pure variety, a complete root system, and plump sprouts, and without quarantine objects and diseases and pests; (3) planting: setting a row spacing as 2.5 * 4 m; (4) fertilizer application: comprising one time of base fertilizer application and four times of additional fertilizer application; (5) irrigation: irrigating before germination and at a young fruit enlarging period and a new tip growth period, and irrigating freezing water once before winter comes; (6) trimming: using a natural open center shape and a double loose open center shape; and (7) diseases and pests prevention: preventing the tree from plum red leaf spot disease, and plum gummosis, and Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke, Aphidoidea and spider mite. The plum tree cultivated by the cultivation method disclosed by the present invention is high in yield, and the obtained plum is good in taste and excellent in quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of planting fruit trees technical field, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method of Japanese plum.
Background technology
Plum (PrunussalicinaLindl.) is rose family cherry, another name in Jiaqing, cloth continuous heavy rain, plum, Jade Emperor Lee, mountain plum.Ripe between 7 ~ August of its fruit, full mellow and full, exquisitely carved, form is pretty and dazzling, and taste is sweet, is one of favorite fruit of people, extensively cultivates all over the world.Plum taste acid, the secretion of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice and peptic digest enzyme can be promoted, and can gastrointestinal peristalsis be promoted, thus be improved appetite, promote digestion effect, especially to gastric anacidity, food after glutted, constipation person is effective.The amino acid such as serine, glycine, proline, glutamine in fresh Lee's meat, has the effect of inducing diuresis to reduce edema, has adjuvant treatment effect to cirrhosis.Containing multiple nutritional components in plum, the effect have skin maintenance, lubricating the skin and muscle, in plum, high surprising of oxidation preventive content, is rated as " the super fruit " of anti-ageing, anti-disease.But at present for the plantation family of plum, a kind of method also lacking system increases the output of plum under the precursor of quality not affecting plum, thus improve income.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of Japanese plum, the plum output obtained by the method is high, and gained plum features good taste, Functionality, quality and appealing design.
Present invention employs following technical scheme:
A cultivation method for Japanese plum, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) soil and whole: select soil layer soil that is deep, not ponding, P in soil H value is 6 ~ 7.5, carries out Root growth in soil, and ridge is high 25 ~ 35 centimetres, row spacing 75 ~ 85 centimetres;
(2) seedling is selected: selection kind is pure, root system is complete, healthy and strong, bud matter is full, without quarantine object and the plum seedling without damage by disease and insect;
(3) field planting: seeding row spacing is 2.5 × 4m, and arrange consistent with the described plum seedling florescence by being interposed between some in described plum seedling and being used as the pollination seedling that plum seedling pollinates;
(4) apply fertilizer: comprise a base manure and topdress for four times, base manure is used in the fall, and farmyard manure 50 ~ 100kg is executed in the every strain of base manure; First time to topdress before rudiment 9 ~ 11 days, and every strain is executed 0.5 ~ 1kg quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer or 25kg and to be become thoroughly decomposed night soil; Second time is topdressed at Post flowering, and 0.5 ~ 0.6kg quick-acting nitrogen potash fertilizer is executed in every strain; Third time topdresses before fruit enters rapid expanding stage, and 0.5 ~ 1kg available nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are executed in every strain; Topdressing for 4th time, it is painted between picking time to start at fruit, and phosphorus, potash fertilizer are executed in every strain, and is that the instant nitrogenousfertilizer liquid of 0.2 ~ 0.3% is to foliage-spray with concentration;
(5) irrigate: with young fruit expanding stage before rudiment, young sprout is irrigated vegetative period, before entering the winter, fill with once freeze-up water;
(6) prune: tree-like employing natural open centre shape and the happy shape of double-deck evacuation, wherein:
Natural open centre shape: field planting is cut at distance ground 40 ~ 60cm then and cut fixed doing, and under clip, the first bud will in face of wind direction, and clip will be inclined-plane, higher than bud point above inclined-plane, equal with bastem portion or slightly high below inclined-plane; Second Year selects 3 ~ 4 branches to surrounding distribution to make major branch at the surely dry branch newly sent then spring, adopt the method for drawing branch or hanging branch to the angle between each major branch and distance correction, remove overstocked branch, not close branch gives over to auxiliary support branch, according to the growing state of each major branch, cutting back, cuts off 1/4 ~ 1/3 of total length; 3rd year spring pruned, in each major branch, select 1 angle to open a business respectively, grow the director branch of strong branch as major branch, carry out cutting back, cut off 1/2 of full branch, and select 1 ~ 2 to the branch of outgrowth as side shoot in each major branch bottom, cutting back 1/3, to retain on major branch the sprig of raw less than 5 centimetres, be trained fruit spur or bouquet shape fruit branch, in, long fruit branch cutting back;
The happy shape of double-deck evacuation: field planting is heading height 40 ~ 60cm then; Second Year spring, select the vertical branch that apical growth gesture is strong to be trunk, then the branch selecting 3 ~ 4 angles good on trunk makes ground floor major branch, cutting back 1/3, each major branch and trunk angle are 50 ~ 60 °, and middle brachyplast retains, branch as a result; When within 3rd year, spring prunes, the branch that degree of selecting the role is opened a business on the major branch selected and remain last year does side shoot and elongated shoot, select 2 ~ 3 major branches as the second layer on Zai center is dry, open with ground floor major branch is straggly, two interlamellar spacing 50 ~ 60cm, simultaneously by dry for the center head that falls happily, the trimming method of other branch is identical with natural open centre shape;
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat for plum red spot disease, plum gummosis and Lee's Grapholita spp, aphid, two spotted spider mite.
Further, in step (7), the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of described plum red spot disease is spray 1: 2: 200 bordeaux mixture when Japanese plum non-flowering stage and leaf bud launch, and removes sick leaf in Li Yuan, sick fruit; The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of described plum gummosis is to strengthen centered by tree vigo(u)r, strengthens orchard draining, applying organic manure, improves tree body resistance against diseases; Timely control limb diseases and pests, reduces disease worm; Strike off gummosis position, then smear Baume 5 degree of lime sulfurs, finally whitewash lead oil protectant; The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of described Lee's Grapholita spp is autumn or spring turn over tree dish, destroys larva hibernacle, reduces worm amount of surviving the winter; Good fortune missible oil 2000 ~ 4000 times of liquid or the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 40% triazophos emulsifiable solution are come with 5% in Lee's Grapholita spp larvae hatch phase of containing; Described control of aphids measure for spray 2.5% time missible oil, 4000 times of liquid or 40% dimethoate emulsion, 2000 times of liquid before the non-leaf roll of killed blade in spring; Growing season 7 part of 40% dimethoate emulsion stoste adds 3 parts of water, liquid to be coated in around trunk about 6 centimetres wide, and to bandage with paper slip with hairbrush; Described two spotted spider mite prophylactico-therapeutic measures is resting stage strike off bark from old tress, and the table soil rooted out around trunk is buried; Spray Baume 5 ° of lime sulfurs before rudiment; Spray Baume 5 ° of lime sulfurs vegetative period, or spray 4000 ~ 5000 times of 20% pyridaben wetting powder, or spray 2500 times of 50% Phoxim emulsion, every spray in 10 days 1 time, connect spray 3 times.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the plum output that the present invention is obtained by the method is high, and gained plum features good taste, Functionality, quality and appealing design.
Embodiment
The cultivation method of a kind of Japanese plum of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) soil and whole: select soil layer soil that is deep, not ponding, P in soil H value is 6 ~ 7.5, carries out Root growth in soil, and ridge is high 25 ~ 35 centimetres, row spacing 75 ~ 85 centimetres;
(2) seedling is selected: selection kind is pure, root system is complete, healthy and strong, bud matter is full, without quarantine object and the plum seedling without damage by disease and insect;
(3) field planting: seeding row spacing is 2.5 × 4m, and arrange consistent with the described plum seedling florescence by being interposed between some in described plum seedling and being used as the pollination seedling that plum seedling pollinates;
(4) apply fertilizer: comprise a base manure and topdress for four times, base manure is used in the fall, and farmyard manure 50 ~ 100kg is executed in the every strain of base manure; First time to topdress before rudiment 9 ~ 11 days, and every strain is executed 0.5 ~ 1kg quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer or 25kg and to be become thoroughly decomposed night soil; Second time is topdressed at Post flowering, and 0.5 ~ 0.6kg quick-acting nitrogen potash fertilizer is executed in every strain; Third time topdresses before fruit enters rapid expanding stage, and 0.5 ~ 1kg available nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are executed in every strain; Topdressing for 4th time, it is painted between picking time to start at fruit, and phosphorus, potash fertilizer are executed in every strain, and is that the instant nitrogenousfertilizer liquid of 0.2 ~ 0.3% is to foliage-spray with concentration;
(5) irrigate: with young fruit expanding stage before rudiment, young sprout is irrigated vegetative period, before entering the winter, fill with once freeze-up water;
(6) prune: tree-like employing natural open centre shape and the happy shape of double-deck evacuation, wherein:
Natural open centre shape: field planting is cut at distance ground 40 ~ 60cm then and cut fixed doing, and under clip, the first bud will in face of wind direction, and clip will be inclined-plane, higher than bud point above inclined-plane, equal with bastem portion or slightly high below inclined-plane; Second Year selects 3 ~ 4 branches to surrounding distribution to make major branch at the surely dry branch newly sent then spring, adopt the method for drawing branch or hanging branch to the angle between each major branch and distance correction, remove overstocked branch, not close branch gives over to auxiliary support branch, according to the growing state of each major branch, cutting back, cuts off 1/4 ~ 1/3 of total length; 3rd year spring pruned, in each major branch, select 1 angle to open a business respectively, grow the director branch of strong branch as major branch, carry out cutting back, cut off 1/2 of full branch, and select 1 ~ 2 to the branch of outgrowth as side shoot in each major branch bottom, cutting back 1/3, to retain on major branch the sprig of raw less than 5 centimetres, be trained fruit spur or bouquet shape fruit branch, in, long fruit branch cutting back;
The happy shape of double-deck evacuation: field planting is heading height 40 ~ 60cm then; Second Year spring, select the vertical branch that apical growth gesture is strong to be trunk, then the branch selecting 3 ~ 4 angles good on trunk makes ground floor major branch, cutting back 1/3, each major branch and trunk angle are 50 ~ 60 °, and middle brachyplast retains, branch as a result; When within 3rd year, spring prunes, the branch that degree of selecting the role is opened a business on the major branch selected and remain last year does side shoot and elongated shoot, select 2 ~ 3 major branches as the second layer on Zai center is dry, open with ground floor major branch is straggly, two interlamellar spacing 50 ~ 60cm, simultaneously by dry for the center head that falls happily, the trimming method of other branch is identical with natural open centre shape;
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat for plum red spot disease, plum gummosis and Lee's Grapholita spp, aphid, two spotted spider mite.
In this embodiment, in step (7), the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of described plum red spot disease is spray 1: 2: 200 bordeaux mixture when Japanese plum non-flowering stage and leaf bud launch, and removes sick leaf in Li Yuan, sick fruit; The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of described plum gummosis is to strengthen centered by tree vigo(u)r, strengthens orchard draining, applying organic manure, improves tree body resistance against diseases; Timely control limb diseases and pests, reduces disease worm; Strike off gummosis position, then smear Baume 5 degree of lime sulfurs, finally whitewash lead oil protectant; The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of described Lee's Grapholita spp is autumn or spring turn over tree dish, destroys larva hibernacle, reduces worm amount of surviving the winter; Good fortune missible oil 2000 ~ 4000 times of liquid or the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 40% triazophos emulsifiable solution are come with 5% in Lee's Grapholita spp larvae hatch phase of containing; Described control of aphids measure for spray 2.5% time missible oil, 4000 times of liquid or 40% dimethoate emulsion, 2000 times of liquid before the non-leaf roll of killed blade in spring; Growing season 7 part of 40% dimethoate emulsion stoste adds 3 parts of water, liquid to be coated in around trunk about 6 centimetres wide, and to bandage with paper slip with hairbrush; Described two spotted spider mite prophylactico-therapeutic measures is resting stage strike off bark from old tress, and the table soil rooted out around trunk is buried; Spray Baume 5 ° of lime sulfurs before rudiment; Spray Baume 5 ° of lime sulfurs vegetative period, or spray 4000 ~ 5000 times of 20% pyridaben wetting powder, or spray 2500 times of 50% Phoxim emulsion, every spray in 10 days 1 time, connect spray 3 times.
In the process implemented; in step (6); during the full bearing period; skeleton branch is utilized often to change the method for head; control tree body size, upper strata branch and peripheral branch should combine with unrestrained, retraction, and namely density stays rare; go prosperous stay strong; slow the putting of the branch retained is not cut, and next year in suitable bifurcation retraction, reduces peripheral branches and leaves again; the illumination condition of thorax and lower floor in improving; relax tree crown top and peripheral growth potential, weak staying by force should be dredged to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, go always to stay newly; in a planned way bounce back rejuvenation by stages, in batches, controls its density and length.Remove overstocked branch, intersection branch, sick branch and thin and weak branch etc., to save nutrient, ventilation and penetrating light.
During declining period, in time master branch is carried out retraction rejuvenation, long, excessively old branch group, also should suitably bounce back.After retraction, generally can sprout more vigorous branches, cultivate new skeleton branch and branch group, form new tree crown.
Summer pruning refers to the pruning in the season of growth, generally carries out in mid-June to early July, can adopt several method below:
1. pinching: the growing point plucking branch at growing period, the concrete time should determine according to kind, cultivation condition and object.
2. turn round the tip: the tip of young sprout is sprained, but does not twist off, generally have all available the method Developing restraint of the water sprout of value.Turn round the tip to carry out in young sprout growth length enough used times, spraining position will at semi-lignified place.
3. band girdle: carry out close to when stopping growing at young sprout, ringing is done to prosperous tree trunk or bough, peeling width shelled about 1/10 of twig diameter, short flower successful.
4. take branch: with hand-held live branch middle and lower part, repeatedly pinch and hold, make shoot tissue impaired, in level or oblique growth.
Summer cuts the application time that all GPRS is correct and the objective for implementation (treelet or fruitless Wang Shu) of each measure, will remove water sprout, coppice shoot, deadwood when the summer cuts.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by referring to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, invention has been described, but those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, various change can be made to it in the form and details, and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims limits.
Claims (2)
1. a cultivation method for Japanese plum, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) soil and whole: select soil layer soil that is deep, not ponding, P in soil H value is 6 ~ 7.5, carries out Root growth in soil, and ridge is high 25 ~ 35 centimetres, row spacing 75 ~ 85 centimetres;
(2) seedling is selected: selection kind is pure, root system is complete, healthy and strong, bud matter is full, without quarantine object and the plum seedling without damage by disease and insect;
(3) field planting: seeding row spacing is 2.5 × 4m, and arrange consistent with the described plum seedling florescence by being interposed between some in described plum seedling and being used as the pollination seedling that plum seedling pollinates;
(4) apply fertilizer: comprise a base manure and topdress for four times, base manure is used in the fall, and farmyard manure 50 ~ 100kg is executed in the every strain of base manure; First time to topdress before rudiment 9 ~ 11 days, and every strain is executed 0.5 ~ 1kg quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer or 25kg and to be become thoroughly decomposed night soil; Second time is topdressed at Post flowering, and 0.5 ~ 0.6kg quick-acting nitrogen potash fertilizer is executed in every strain; Third time topdresses before fruit enters rapid expanding stage, and 0.5 ~ 1kg available nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer are executed in every strain; Topdressing for 4th time, it is painted between picking time to start at fruit, and phosphorus, potash fertilizer are executed in every strain, and is that the instant nitrogenousfertilizer liquid of 0.2 ~ 0.3% is to foliage-spray with concentration;
(5) irrigate: with young fruit expanding stage before rudiment, young sprout is irrigated vegetative period, before entering the winter, fill with once freeze-up water;
(6) prune: tree-like employing natural open centre shape and the happy shape of double-deck evacuation, wherein:
Natural open centre shape: field planting is cut at distance ground 40 ~ 60cm then and cut fixed doing, and under clip, the first bud will in face of wind direction, and clip will be inclined-plane, higher than bud point above inclined-plane, equal with bastem portion or slightly high below inclined-plane; Second Year selects 3 ~ 4 branches to surrounding distribution to make major branch at the surely dry branch newly sent then spring, adopt the method for drawing branch or hanging branch to the angle between each major branch and distance correction, remove overstocked branch, not close branch gives over to auxiliary support branch, according to the growing state of each major branch, cutting back, cuts off 1/4 ~ 1/3 of total length; 3rd year spring pruned, in each major branch, select 1 angle to open a business respectively, grow the director branch of strong branch as major branch, carry out cutting back, cut off 1/2 of full branch, and select 1 ~ 2 to the branch of outgrowth as side shoot in each major branch bottom, cutting back 1/3, to retain on major branch the sprig of raw less than 5 centimetres, be trained fruit spur or bouquet shape fruit branch, in, long fruit branch cutting back;
The happy shape of double-deck evacuation: field planting is heading height 40 ~ 60cm then; Second Year spring, select the vertical branch that apical growth gesture is strong to be trunk, then the branch selecting 3 ~ 4 angles good on trunk makes ground floor major branch, cutting back 1/3, each major branch and trunk angle are 50 ~ 60 °, and middle brachyplast retains, branch as a result; When within 3rd year, spring prunes, the branch that degree of selecting the role is opened a business on the major branch selected and remain last year does side shoot and elongated shoot, select 2 ~ 3 major branches as the second layer on Zai center is dry, open with ground floor major branch is straggly, two interlamellar spacing 50 ~ 60cm, simultaneously by dry for the center head that falls happily, the trimming method of other branch is identical with natural open centre shape;
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat for plum red spot disease, plum gummosis and Lee's Grapholita spp, aphid, two spotted spider mite.
2. the cultivation method of Japanese plum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (7), the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of described plum red spot disease is spray 1: 2: 200 bordeaux mixture when Japanese plum non-flowering stage and leaf bud launch, and removes sick leaf in Li Yuan, sick fruit; The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of described plum gummosis is to strengthen centered by tree vigo(u)r, strengthens orchard draining, applying organic manure, improves tree body resistance against diseases; Timely control limb diseases and pests, reduces disease worm; Strike off gummosis position, then smear Baume 5 degree of lime sulfurs, finally whitewash lead oil protectant; The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of described Lee's Grapholita spp is autumn or spring turn over tree dish, destroys larva hibernacle, reduces worm amount of surviving the winter; Good fortune missible oil 2000 ~ 4000 times of liquid or the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 40% triazophos emulsifiable solution are come with 5% in Lee's Grapholita spp larvae hatch phase of containing; Described control of aphids measure for spray 2.5% time missible oil, 4000 times of liquid or 40% dimethoate emulsion, 2000 times of liquid before the non-leaf roll of killed blade in spring; Growing season 7 part of 40% dimethoate emulsion stoste adds 3 parts of water, liquid to be coated in around trunk about 6 centimetres wide, and to bandage with paper slip with hairbrush; Described two spotted spider mite prophylactico-therapeutic measures is resting stage strike off bark from old tress, and the table soil rooted out around trunk is buried; Spray Baume 5 ° of lime sulfurs before rudiment; Spray Baume 5 ° of lime sulfurs vegetative period, or spray 4000 ~ 5000 times of 20% pyridaben wetting powder, or spray 2500 times of 50% Phoxim emulsion, every spray in 10 days 1 time, connect spray 3 times.
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| CN106171747A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 卜东锋 | The method for planting of Japanese plum |
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| CN108243819B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-08-14 | 青川县玲玲水果种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method of crispy red plum tree |
| CN108925338A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-12-04 | 吉林市丰满区吉字号李子家庭农场 | A kind of breeding of plum kind and cultural method |
| CN108834721A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-20 | 罗方权 | May crisp Lee cultivation technique |
| CN109588203A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-09 | 遵义师范学院 | A kind of cultural method of Japanese plum bearing basal shoot group |
| CN111264275A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-12 | 贵州省生物研究所 | Jiuqian plum planting method |
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