Background technology
Acer palmatum (Acerpaimatum) calls refined maple, is Aceraceae Acer L, is ornamental tree species famous and precious in urban look.Originate in Yangtze River in China basin, also there is distribution in Japan, the Korea peninsula.China is mainly distributed in Yangtze river basin each province, is born in below height above sea level 1200m mountain region, the border on hills or sparse woods more.Shank Acer defoliation small arbor, height is 8m about, bark Dark grey, annual shoot purple or pale purple green; Perennial branch light gray, purple or darkviolet.Shank mapler leaf is to life, and diameter 7-10 centimetre, base portion cuts shape, palmate drastic crack, sliver 5-9, and usual 7 split, sliver ovum shape Long Circle or drape over one's shoulders pin, and the sharp point in top or long sharp point, there is irregular heavy sawtooth at edge, the close raw pubescence of tender leaf.Blade is first red rear green in spring, becomes red to autumn.Corymb top is raw, blooms after foliation, flower aubergine.Samara is just aubergine, and be brown color after ripe, nutlet is spherical, diameter 7 millimeters, and vein is remarkable; Wing and nutlet long 2-2.5 centimetre altogether, wide 1 centimetre, flare up obtuse angle.May at florescence, really September phase.
Acer palmatum warm, the humid climate of happiness and half cloudy environment, intolerant to waterlogging, more drought-enduring, to subject to day bright evil summer in the isolated planting of direct sunlight place; Suitable be born in fertile, moistening and draining is good soil, cold resistance is strong, and acid, neutral and calcareous soil all can adapt to, and is the excellent ornamental tree species competitively cultivated in recent years.
Acer palmatum has high ornamental value, has considerable effect to the performance of urban look, the figure of local its grace that is seen everywhere such as Middle Isolated Grassland of Highway, park, square, greenbelt in little residential region.All over planting Acer palmatum around the western artificial hillock of Lingering Garden in the Classical Gardens of Suzhou that China is famous, spring and summer greenery are as lid, and autumn, red autumnal leaves were like fire, form a secondary excellent beautiful scenery with scenery with hills and waters, lobby; The Hong Feng garden, botanical garden in Nanjing has characteristic, and tree height is large, and the Acer palmatum of grandeur is its main body seeds.Acer palmatum can not only add green amount to urban afforestation, and can increase gorgeous color to townscape, greatly enriches urban look, makes the dynamic and life of urban look; Meanwhile, effects such as this plant has higher medical value, and its branch, blade can boil patent medicine, have promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, detoxification detumescence.Therefore plant Acer palmatum and there is very high ornamental plantation value and good economic benefit.
The propagation method of Acer palmatum routine is mainly seminal propagation, propagation by grafiting and cottage propagation.Acer palmatum carries out sapling multiplication by planting seed, but Acer palmatum blooming cycle is long, and seed demand sand hides the sport technique segments such as process, and the Rapid Popularization application of the excellent new varieties of name is subject to a definite limitation; And propagation by grafiting needs first to cultivate the above Acer palmatum stock of life in 2 years, then required Acer palmatum kind scion is grafted on stock, therefore need the longer cultivating seedlings phase; Because Acer palmatum belongs to the seeds that difficulty takes root, cottage propagation survival rate is very low; In recent years, relevant scholar has carried out tissue cultures to Acer palmatum, as Chinese patent CN101849506A discloses the quick breeding method for tissue culture of Acer palmatum, although it is long that the method overcomes the Acer palmatum conventional seedbed system cycle, the shortcomings such as cottage propagation coefficient is low, achieve the factorial praluction of Acer palmatum nursery stock, but tissue culture technique requires high, complicated operation, production cost is expensive.
Summary of the invention
Namely object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Acer palmatum overhead layering propagation method is provided, the method can not only keep the excellent hereditary capacity of Acer palmatum kind, and simple, easy to operate, that cost is low, survival rate the is high advantage that possesses skills, be the important means of Acer palmatum seedling Fast-propagation.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of Acer palmatum overhead layering propagation method, it comprises the following steps:
S1. elite stand is chosen: 5 annual ~ August, and growth selection is healthy and strong, the anosis Acer palmatum without insect pest is elite stand;
S2. branch is chosen: select to grow 2 ~ 3 years on elite stand, and stem is slightly the branch of branch as overhead layering of 0.7 ~ 1.0cm;
S3. overhead layering: carry out band girdle in selected position, branch middle and lower part, band girdle phloem width is 1.6 ~ 2.4cm, and band girdle phloem length is 2/3 of girdling place branch girth, notes scraping cortex and forms layer; First HORMONE TREATMENT is carried out with the toilet paper of ABT1 hormone solution or absorbent cotton parcel otch of having drawn concentration 145 ~ 160mg/L after band girdle, toilet paper or absorbent cotton is sloughed after HORMONE TREATMENT 1 ~ 2d, walk parcel wound is made again with moistening perlite and humus soil, top, outside and bottom have the sealed polyethylene plastic of 3 ~ 4 apertures to pack tightly walk respectively, and good with packing rope colligation; Wherein, described HORMONE TREATMENT was carried out at dusk in cloudy day or fine day; Described perlite and humus soil are that 75 ~ 85% wettable powder of carbendazim of employing 500 ~ 800 times carried out sterilization, and perlite and volume ratio humous are 1.8 ~ 2.3:1;
S4. new strain is formed: after 38 ~ 42d, the branch band girdle mouth place of overhead layering starts to take root, and is covered with white root system in 65 ~ 72d matrix, and during this period, the humidity keeping matrix is 40 ~ 60%;
S5. new strain is transplanted: the nascent plant of separating belt matrix and elite stand, is transplanted in nutritive cube by the nascent plant of the carrying substrates of separation, and carries out sparse branching to nascent plant; Transplant in 18 ~ 22d, daytime shelters from heat or light sun-proof, and moisturizing of watering at dusk, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 78%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: utilize the branch of life in 2 ~ 3 years on growth Acer palmatum plant to carry out overhead layering, elite stand carries out nourishing and growing 65 ~ 72d, girdling wound forms root system, and its branch rooting rate is 80%, and transplanting survival rate reaches more than 78%; Overhead layering propagation method can keep the maternal excellent hereditary capacity of Acer palmatum; The inventive method possesses skills simple, easy to operate, that cost is low, survival rate is high advantage, is the important means of Acer palmatum seedling Fast-propagation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following stated.
embodiment 1:a kind of Acer palmatum overhead layering propagation method, it comprises the following steps:
S1. elite stand is chosen: annual May, and growth selection is healthy and strong, the anosis Acer palmatum without insect pest is elite stand;
S2. branch is chosen: select to grow 2 years on elite stand, and stem is slightly the branch of branch as overhead layering of 0.7cm;
S3. overhead layering: carry out band girdle in selected position, branch middle and lower part, as shown in Figure 1, band girdle phloem width is 1.6cm, and band girdle phloem length is 2/3 of girdling place branch girth, notes scraping cortex and forms layer; First HORMONE TREATMENT is carried out with the toilet paper of ABT1 hormone solution or absorbent cotton parcel otch of having drawn concentration 145mg/L after band girdle, as shown in Figure 2, toilet paper or absorbent cotton is sloughed after HORMONE TREATMENT 1d, walk parcel wound is made again with moistening perlite and humus soil, top, outside and bottom have the sealed polyethylene plastic of 3 apertures to pack tightly walk respectively, and good with packing rope colligation, as shown in Figure 3; Wherein, described HORMONE TREATMENT was carried out at dusk in cloudy day or fine day; Described perlite and humus soil are that 75% wettable powder of carbendazim of employing 500 times carried out sterilization, and perlite and volume ratio humous are 1.8:1;
S4. new strain is formed: after 38d, the branch band girdle mouth place of overhead layering starts to take root, and is covered with white root system in 65d matrix, and as shown in Figure 4, during this period, the humidity keeping matrix is 40%;
S5. new strain is transplanted: the nascent plant of separating belt matrix and elite stand, is transplanted in nutritive cube by the nascent plant of the carrying substrates of separation, and carries out sparse branching to nascent plant; Transplant in 18d, daytime shelters from heat or light sun-proof, and moisturizing of watering at dusk, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 78%.
embodiment 2:a kind of Acer palmatum overhead layering propagation method, it comprises the following steps:
S1. elite stand is chosen: annual August, and growth selection is healthy and strong, the anosis Acer palmatum without insect pest is elite stand;
S2. branch is chosen: select to grow 3 years on elite stand, and stem is slightly the branch of branch as overhead layering of 1.0cm;
S3. overhead layering: carry out band girdle in selected position, branch middle and lower part, as shown in Figure 1, band girdle phloem width is 2.4cm, and band girdle phloem length is 2/3 of girdling place branch girth, notes scraping cortex and forms layer; First HORMONE TREATMENT is carried out with the toilet paper of ABT1 hormone solution or absorbent cotton parcel otch of having drawn concentration 160mg/L after band girdle, as shown in Figure 2, toilet paper or absorbent cotton is sloughed after HORMONE TREATMENT 2d, walk parcel wound is made again with moistening perlite and humus soil, top, outside and bottom have the sealed polyethylene plastic of 4 apertures to pack tightly walk respectively, and good with packing rope colligation, as shown in Figure 3; Wherein, described HORMONE TREATMENT was carried out at dusk in cloudy day or fine day; Described perlite and humus soil are that 85% wettable powder of carbendazim of employing 800 times carried out sterilization, and perlite and volume ratio humous are 2.3:1;
S4. new strain is formed: after 42d, the branch band girdle mouth place of overhead layering starts to take root, and is covered with white root system in 72d matrix, and as shown in Figure 4, during this period, the humidity keeping matrix is 60%;
S5. new strain is transplanted: the nascent plant of separating belt matrix and elite stand, is transplanted in nutritive cube by the nascent plant of the carrying substrates of separation, and carries out sparse branching to nascent plant; Transplant in 22d, daytime shelters from heat or light sun-proof, and moisturizing of watering at dusk, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 78%.
embodiment 3:a kind of Acer palmatum overhead layering propagation method, it comprises the following steps:
S1. elite stand is chosen: annual June, and growth selection is healthy and strong, the anosis Acer palmatum without insect pest is elite stand;
S2. branch is chosen: select to grow 2.5 years on elite stand, and stem is slightly the branch of branch as overhead layering of 0.8cm;
S3. overhead layering: carry out band girdle in selected position, branch middle and lower part, as shown in Figure 1, band girdle phloem width is 1.8cm, and band girdle phloem length is 2/3 of girdling place branch girth, notes scraping cortex and forms layer; First HORMONE TREATMENT is carried out with the toilet paper of ABT1 hormone solution or absorbent cotton parcel otch of having drawn concentration 150mg/L after band girdle, as shown in Figure 2, toilet paper or absorbent cotton is sloughed after HORMONE TREATMENT 1.5d, walk parcel wound is made again with moistening perlite and humus soil, top, outside and bottom have the sealed polyethylene plastic of 3 apertures to pack tightly walk respectively, and good with packing rope colligation, as shown in Figure 3; Wherein, described HORMONE TREATMENT was carried out at dusk in cloudy day or fine day; Described perlite and humus soil are that 80% wettable powder of carbendazim of employing 600 times carried out sterilization, and perlite and volume ratio humous are 2:1;
S4. new strain is formed: after 40d, the branch band girdle mouth place of overhead layering starts to take root, and is covered with white root system in 68d matrix, and as shown in Figure 4, during this period, the humidity keeping matrix is 45%;
S5. new strain is transplanted: the nascent plant of separating belt matrix and elite stand, is transplanted in nutritive cube by the nascent plant of the carrying substrates of separation, and carries out sparse branching to nascent plant; Transplant in 19d, daytime shelters from heat or light sun-proof, and moisturizing of watering at dusk, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 78%.
embodiment 4:a kind of Acer palmatum overhead layering propagation method, it comprises the following steps:
S1. elite stand is chosen: annual July, and growth selection is healthy and strong, the anosis Acer palmatum without insect pest is elite stand;
S2. branch is chosen: select to grow 2 years on elite stand, and stem is slightly the branch of branch as overhead layering of 0.9cm;
S3. overhead layering: carry out band girdle in selected position, branch middle and lower part, as shown in Figure 1, band girdle phloem width is 2.2cm, and band girdle phloem length is 2/3 of girdling place branch girth, notes scraping cortex and forms layer; First HORMONE TREATMENT is carried out with the toilet paper of ABT1 hormone solution or absorbent cotton parcel otch of having drawn concentration 158mg/L after band girdle, as shown in Figure 2, toilet paper or absorbent cotton is sloughed after HORMONE TREATMENT 2d, walk parcel wound is made again with moistening perlite and humus soil, top, outside and bottom have the sealed polyethylene plastic of 4 apertures to pack tightly walk respectively, and good with packing rope colligation, as shown in Figure 3; Wherein, described HORMONE TREATMENT was carried out at dusk in cloudy day or fine day; Described perlite and humus soil are that 82% wettable powder of carbendazim of employing 750 times carried out sterilization, and perlite and volume ratio humous are 2.2:1;
S4. new strain is formed: after 40d, the branch band girdle mouth place of overhead layering starts to take root, and is covered with white root system in 70d matrix, and as shown in Figure 4, during this period, the humidity keeping matrix is 54%;
S5. new strain is transplanted: the nascent plant of separating belt matrix and elite stand, is transplanted in nutritive cube by the nascent plant of the carrying substrates of separation, and carries out sparse branching to nascent plant; Transplant in 21d, daytime shelters from heat or light sun-proof, and moisturizing of watering at dusk, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 78%.