CN110999617A - Fertilizing method for Nanfeng mandarin orange root area - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for Nanfeng mandarin orange root area Download PDFInfo
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- CN110999617A CN110999617A CN201911368479.3A CN201911368479A CN110999617A CN 110999617 A CN110999617 A CN 110999617A CN 201911368479 A CN201911368479 A CN 201911368479A CN 110999617 A CN110999617 A CN 110999617A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention provides a fertilizing method for a Nanfeng mandarin orange root area, which belongs to the technical field of agriculture, wherein a fertilizing hole is punched on a circle formed by the intersection of a downward vertical line of a crown layer of a Nanfeng mandarin orange tree body and the ground, and fertilizer is put into the fertilizing hole and then covered with soil; and (3) drilling a fertilizing hole every year, and fertilizing once, wherein the fertilizing hole is positioned by taking the tree body as the center, sequentially comprises 45 degrees from the south to the north, 45 degrees from the east to the north, 45 degrees from the west to the south to the east to the north, 45 degrees from the east to the south to the west to 45 degrees from the west to the north to the west, and one cycle of 8 years. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of small fertilizer usage amount, convenient use, obvious yield increase effect and the like; can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and reduce non-point source pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a fertilizing method for a Nanfeng tangerine orange root area.
Background
Nanfeng mandarin orange is a special local product in Nanfeng county, Jiangxi province, and a geographical sign product of China. Nanfeng mandarin orange is rich in amino acids, selenium and other 40 kinds of vitamins and trace elements, and is a royal tribute since the Tang Dynasty. Nanfeng mandarin oranges are ' national geographical mark products ', ' China ' running brand ', ' Chinese famous brand agricultural products ' and ' green food ', the annual average yield reaches 30 jin, the Nanfeng mandarin oranges are sold across the country and sold in more than 40 countries and regions, the single variety planting scale and yield are the top of the world, the export quantity and the export country number are the first nationwide, and the Nanfeng mandarin orange is the first ' billion ' agricultural industry in state cities of Jiangxi province.
The fertilizing time is determined according to the forest of Nanfeng orange trees, the mature bearing trees are generally fertilized in the flower and fruit period and the expansion period, and the fertilizer is fertilized about 4 times per year; the specific fertilization time is mainly concentrated in spring and autumn. The research on the fertilization of Nanfeng mandarin oranges mainly focuses on the aspects of fertilization time, variety, fertilization amount and the like, the research on specific fertilization modes is less, furrow application or surface application is generally adopted, and the fertilization methods have the disadvantages of large fertilization randomness, serious fertilizer loss and low utilization rate.
As the Nanfeng mandarin oranges are mainly cultivated in the province city of the Jiangxi province, the local rainfall is large each year, particularly in the plum rain season, the rainfall time is 2-4 months, and the rainfall can account for more than 60% of the annual rainfall. The fertilizer adopts furrow application and surface application for a long time, so that the root system is not developed enough, the depth is mainly distributed in the upper soil of 30cm, and once the fertilizer meets the weather of strong wind, the fruit trees on the hilly land are in risk of being pulled up by the root. In view of the above reasons, the method for applying fertilizer in the root area completely utilizes the coupling effect of water and fertilizer, and the fertilizer is used for promoting the root system to grow to the deep layer of the soil so as to absorb the fertilizer, thereby enhancing the growth stability of the root system, effectively preventing the fertilizer from being washed away by heavy rainfall and reducing the non-point source pollution. The inclined hole-punching fertilization method disclosed by the invention can not only enable a fertilizer source to be in contact with the root system, and is beneficial to the deep and wide growth of the root system to the soil, but also has a certain depth, and can promote the root system to be pricked down and absorb the nutrients in the deep layer of the soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an efficient fertilizing method for the root zone of Nanfeng mandarin oranges.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fertilizing method for a Nanfeng mandarin orange root area, which comprises the steps of punching fertilizing holes on a circle formed by the intersection of a downward vertical line of a crown layer of a Nanfeng mandarin orange tree and the ground, putting fertilizers into the fertilizing holes and then covering soil; one fertilizing hole is drilled every year, and one-time fertilization is carried out;
the position of the fertilizing hole takes a tree body as a center, and sequentially comprises 45 degrees of positive south-positive north-positive east-positive west south 45 degrees-positive east 45 degrees-positive west 45 degrees and 8 years of one cycle;
the fertilizing holes incline towards the tree body direction.
Preferably, the diameter of the fertilizing hole is 3-8 cm.
Preferably, the length of the fertilizing hole is 0.8-1.2 m. The diameter of the fertilizing hole is increased according to the age of the tree, the hole diameter is increased from 3cm, and the hole diameter is increased by 1-2cm every 2 years.
Preferably, an acute angle formed between the fertilizing hole and the horizontal ground is 15-20 degrees.
Preferably, the fertilization time is winter.
The invention provides a fertilizing method for a Nanfeng mandarin orange root area, which is characterized in that a downward perpendicular line of a crown layer of a Nanfeng mandarin orange tree is connected with a crossing position of the ground, and the crossing position of the tree body and the ground is connected with a line; multiplying the length of the connecting line by 0.6 to obtain the distance between the fertilizing pit and the tree body (the distance enables the fertilizing position to be at the edge of the root system, so that the root system can grow farther and can absorb more nutrients), digging the fertilizing pit on the connecting line, and covering soil after putting fertilizer into the fertilizing pit;
one fertilizer applying pit is drilled every year, and fertilizer is applied at one time;
the fertilizer applying pit is positioned by taking a tree body as a center, sequentially comprises 45 degrees of positive south-positive north-positive east-positive west south 45 degrees-positive east 45 degrees-positive west 45 degrees and 8 years of one cycle.
Preferably, the diameter of the fertilizing pit is 15-20 cm.
Preferably, the depth of the fertilizing pit is 45-55 cm.
Preferably, the fertilizer comprises one of a compound fertilizer, a special fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer.
Preferably, when the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer is applied, the fertilizing amount of each Nanfeng orange tree is 1.0-1.4 kg of urea, 2.5-2.9 kg of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.9-1.3 kg of potassium sulfate, or 1.5-2.5 kg of compound fertilizer with the content of 15-15-15.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method provided by the invention applies fertilizer by drilling fertilizer holes or fertilizer pits, and has the characteristics of small fertilizer usage amount, convenient use, obvious yield increase effect and the like; can reduce farmland fertilizer input, improve fertilizer utilization rate, reduce non-point source pollution, increase farmer income and the like. The field test result in Jiangxi province shows that the yield of the oranges is improved by 8.3-18.6% compared with the conventional fertilization of farmers when the fertilizer is reduced by 25% when the fertilizer is applied in the planting process of the Nanfeng mandarin oranges; the fertilizing frequency of farmers is reduced by 2 times or more, the labor cost is saved by 500-1000 yuan per mu, the soluble sugar in the citrus quality index is improved by 5.8-12.5%, and the soluble solid is improved by 10.3-21.6%. The method can realize one-time application, not only save cost and reduce the application amount of the fertilizer, but also improve the yield and the quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fertilizing hole in a root area of Nanfeng mandarin orange provided by the invention, wherein 1 is the fertilizing hole;
FIG. 2 is a position diagram of holes for fertilization in a Nanfeng orange root zone for a fertilization period of 8 years, wherein 1-8 represent the positions of the holes for fertilization from the first year to the eighth year respectively;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the vertical fertilization in the root zone of Nanfeng mandarin orange provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fertilizing method for a Nanfeng mandarin orange root area, which comprises the steps of punching fertilizing holes on a circle formed by the intersection of a downward vertical line of a crown layer of a Nanfeng mandarin orange tree and the ground, putting fertilizers into the fertilizing holes and then covering soil; one fertilizing hole is drilled every year, and one-time fertilization is carried out; the position of the fertilizing hole takes a tree body as a center, and sequentially comprises 45 degrees of positive south-positive north-positive east-positive west south 45 degrees-positive east 45 degrees-positive west 45 degrees and 8 years of one cycle; the fertilizing holes incline towards the tree body direction.
In the method, a fertilizing hole is punched on a circle formed by the downward vertical line of the crown layer of the Nanfeng mandarin orange tree and the ground in a crossed mode, and the diameter of the fertilizing hole is preferably 3-4 cm, and more preferably 3.5 cm; the diameter of the fertilizing hole is small, the contact area of the fertilizing hole and the root system in the soil can be increased, the root system can be in contact with a fertilizer source, and the healthy growth of fruit trees is guaranteed; the diameter of the fertilizing holes preferably increases along with the increase of the tree age, and the hole diameter increases by 1-2cm from 3cm every 2 years. The length of the fertilizing hole is preferably 0.8-1.2 m, and more preferably 1.0 m. In the invention, the fertilizing holes are inclined towards the tree body, and an acute angle formed between the fertilizing holes and the horizontal ground is preferably 15-20 degrees. In the invention, the fertilizing hole is preferably drilled by soil. In the invention, one fertilizing hole is drilled every year, and one-time fertilization is carried out; the thickness of the covering soil is not specially limited, and the covering soil can cover fertilizers. In the present invention, the time of the fertilization is preferably in winter. In the invention, the fertilizing holes are positioned by taking a tree body as a center, and sequentially have the steps of 45 degrees from the true south to the north to the true east to the west to the true west to the south to the true east to the north to the true east to the south to the true west to the north to the true east to the south to the north to the true west 45 degrees to the true west. According to the fertilizing method for the root area of the Nanfeng mandarin orange, holes are punched for fertilizing, and holes are punched at different positions every year, so that the uniformity of the fertilizer is guaranteed; in addition, the hole-punching fertilization also has the advantages of less fertilizer loss and good slow release.
According to the invention, through researching the growth condition of the root system of the Nanfeng mandarin orange, the Nanfeng mandarin orange adopts a surface fertilization mode and the like for a long time, and the rainfall capacity is larger, the root system of the Nanfeng mandarin orange is mainly distributed in the range of 50% -70% of the distance between the perpendicular line of the crown and the tree body, the area is an ideal range of fertilization, and the root system is not easy to absorb if the fertilizer is fertilized to the edge of the root system. Another method of fertilizing fertilizer pits of the invention is the preferred fertilizing site and method for root growth.
The invention provides another fertilizing method for the root zone of Nanfeng mandarin oranges, wherein a downward perpendicular line of the crown layer of the Nanfeng mandarin orange tree is connected with the crossing position of the ground, and the crossing position of the tree body and the ground is connected with the line; multiplying the length of the connecting line by 0.6 to obtain the distance between a fertilizer application pit and a tree body, digging a fertilizer application pit on the connecting line, putting a fertilizer into the fertilizer application pit, and covering soil; one fertilizer applying pit is drilled every year, and fertilizer is applied at one time; the fertilizer applying pit is positioned by taking a tree body as a center, sequentially comprises 45 degrees of positive south-positive north-positive east-positive west south 45 degrees-positive east 45 degrees-positive west 45 degrees and 8 years of one cycle.
In the invention, the diameter of the fertilizing pit is preferably 15-20 cm, and more preferably 16-19 cm; the depth of the fertilizing pit is preferably 45-55 cm, and more preferably 50 cm. In the invention, the fertilizing pit is positioned at the crossing position of the downward vertical line of the canopy of the Nanfeng mandarin orange tree and the ground and the crossing position of the tree and the ground, the length of the vertical line is multiplied by 0.6, and the fertilizing pit is preferably downward; the invention puts the fertilizer into the fertilizing pit and then covers the soil. The thickness of the covering soil is not specially limited, and the covering soil can cover fertilizers. In the present invention, the fertilizing pit is preferably dug by a luoyang shovel. The fertilizing method provided by the invention has the advantages that the selected position is far away from a thicker main root and is close to the fibrous root, so that the fibrous root can grow and absorb nutrients after the fibrous root is sensed. The distance between the fertilizing pit and the tree body is determined, and the nutrients can be sensed and absorbed by fibrous root systems.
In the invention, the type of the fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the conventional fertilizer type of Nanfeng mandarin orange can be adopted. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the fertilizer comprises one of a compound fertilizer, a special fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer. In the invention, when the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer is applied, the fertilizing amount of each Nanfeng orange tree is preferably 1.0-1.4 kg of urea, 2.5-2.9 kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and 0.9-1.3 kg of potassium sulfate; more preferably 1.2kg, 2.7kg of calcium magnesium phosphate and 1.1kg of potassium sulfate.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Fertilizing time: and (5) fertilizing after harvesting in winter.
Selecting a peripheral corresponding direction at the outermost edge of a perpendicular line of a canopy of a Nanfeng mandarin orange tree, and drilling a hole in the central direction of the tree by using a soil drill, wherein the hole is inclined downwards to form a round hole with the diameter of 15 degrees and the length of the round hole is 1 meter; and (4) punching 1 hole every year, fertilizing at one time, putting the fertilizer into the hole and covering soil.
The method for selecting the punching position and the punching direction comprises the following steps: in the first 4 years, the punching positions are selected year by year according to the following conditions: due south-due north-due east-due west, punch positions from fifth to eighth year: clockwise rotating 45 degrees to north and 45 degrees to east and 45 degrees to west and taking 8 years as a cycle, and repeating the fertilization positions of the previous 8 years in the following 8 years.
The fertilizing amount is that 1.2kg of urea, 2.7kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1.1kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each tree
By adopting the fertilizing method, compared with the conventional fertilizing of farmers, the fertilizing method is applied in the planting process of Nanfeng mandarin oranges, the fertilizer consumption can be reduced by more than 25% under the condition of not reducing the yield, and the citrus yield is improved by 13.2-18.6%; under the condition that the amount of fertilizer applied by farmers is the same as the amount of fertilizer applied by farmers, the fertilizer application amount of the farmers is reduced by 2 times, the labor and money are saved by 500-1000 yuan/mu, the soluble sugar in the citrus quality index is improved by 12.5 percent, and the soluble solid is improved by 21.6 percent.
Example 2
Fertilizing time: and (5) fertilizing after harvesting in winter.
Measuring the distance from the crown perpendicular to the tree body by using a ruler at the outermost edge of the crown perpendicular of the Nanfeng mandarin orange tree body, multiplying by 0.6 to obtain the distance from the punching position to the tree body, punching a fertilization pit with the diameter of 20cm and the depth of 50cm at the corresponding punching point by using a Luoyang shovel, and putting fertilizer into the fertilization pit to cover soil.
The method for selecting the punching position and the punching direction comprises the following steps: in the first 4 years, the punching positions are selected year by year according to the following conditions: due south-due north-due east-due west, punch positions from fifth to eighth year: clockwise rotating 45 degrees to north and 45 degrees to east and 45 degrees to west and taking 8 years as a cycle, and repeating the fertilization positions of the previous 8 years in the following 8 years.
The fertilizing amount is that 1.2kg of urea, 2.7kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 1.1kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each tree.
By adopting the fertilizing method, compared with the conventional fertilizing of farmers, the fertilizing method is applied in the planting process of Nanfeng mandarin oranges, the fertilizer consumption can be reduced by more than 25 percent under the condition of not reducing the yield, and the citrus yield is improved by 8.3 to 15.6 percent; under the condition that the amount of fertilizer applied by farmers is the same as the amount of fertilizer applied by farmers, the fertilizer application amount of the farmers is reduced by 2 times, the labor and money are saved by 600-1000 yuan/mu, the soluble sugar in the citrus quality index is improved by 5.8 percent, and the soluble solid is improved by 10.3 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fertilizing method for the root area of Nanfeng mandarin oranges is characterized in that fertilizing holes are punched on a circle formed by the intersection of a downward vertical line of the crown layer of the Nanfeng mandarin orange tree and the ground, fertilizers are put into the fertilizing holes, and then soil is covered; one fertilizing hole is drilled every year, and one-time fertilization is carried out;
the position of the fertilizing hole takes a tree body as a center, and sequentially comprises 45 degrees of positive south-positive north-positive east-positive west south 45 degrees-positive east 45 degrees-positive west 45 degrees and 8 years of one cycle;
the fertilizing holes incline towards the tree body direction.
2. The method for fertilizing the root area of Nanfeng mandarin oranges according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the fertilizing hole is 3-8 cm.
3. The fertilizing method for the root area of Nanfeng mandarin oranges according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the fertilizing hole is 0.8-1.2 m.
4. The method for fertilizing the root area of Nanfeng mandarin oranges according to claim 3, wherein an acute angle formed between the fertilizing hole and the horizontal ground is 15-20 °.
5. The method for fertilizing the root area of Nanfeng mandarin oranges according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizing time is winter.
6. A fertilizing method for a Nanfeng mandarin orange root area is characterized in that a downward perpendicular line of a crown layer of a Nanfeng mandarin orange tree body is connected with the ground, and the tree body is connected with the ground; multiplying the length of the connecting line by 0.6 to obtain the distance between a fertilizer application pit and a tree body, digging a fertilizer application pit on the connecting line, putting a fertilizer into the fertilizer application pit, and covering soil;
one fertilizer applying pit is drilled every year, and fertilizer is applied at one time;
the fertilizer applying pit is positioned by taking a tree body as a center, sequentially comprises 45 degrees of positive south-positive north-positive east-positive west south 45 degrees-positive east 45 degrees-positive west 45 degrees and 8 years of one cycle.
7. The Nanfeng mandarin orange root area fertilizing method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the diameter of the fertilizing pit is 15-20 cm.
8. The fertilizing method for the root area of Nanfeng mandarin oranges according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the depth of the fertilizing pit is 45-55 cm.
9. The method for fertilizing the root area of Nanfeng mandarin orange as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein the fertilizer comprises one of a compound fertilizer, a special fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer.
10. The method for fertilizing the root zone of Nanfeng mandarin oranges according to claim 9, wherein when the NPK mixed fertilizer is applied, the fertilizing amount of each Nanfeng mandarin orange tree is 1.0-1.4 kg of urea, 2.5-2.9 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.9-1.3 kg of potassium sulfate; when the compound fertilizer is used, 1.5-2.5 kg of the compound fertilizer of 15-15-15 kg is applied to each Nanfeng tangerine tree.
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