CN106416562A - Comprehensive economic forest tending method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive economic forest tending method. The comprehensive economic forest tending method comprises the steps of nursery stock preprocessing, sapling planting, sapling management, pollen collection and processing and tree shape keeping. The comprehensive economic forest tending method has the advantages that a production technology mode is optimized by adopting a pesticide, a fertilizer, water and a protection agent and combining with occurrence time of diseases and pests, nodes needing the fertilizer and water and a freeze injury occurrence regularity within one year, and systematization and industrialization are achieved in the production process. The planting survival rate is 98% or above, four stereo water-fertilizer supplying systems different in depth and fertilizer source, slow in decomposition and lasting in fertilizer effect are formed at different growth stages, accurate fertilizer and water application is achieved, the fertilizer and water consumption is reduced, and the cost is reduced. The comprehensive economic forest tending method is suitable for a large-mountain and deep-gully region where large machines are inconvenient to use, and continuous and stable gain of economic benefits in the economic forest industry can be achieved.

Description

A kind of comprehensive Tending methods of economic forest

Technical field

The invention belongs to planting technology field, the comprehensive Tending methods of specifically a kind of economic forest.

Background technology

Economic forest nuisanceless year fosters the technology of managing and protecting, and is for my the big ditch depth in area mountain, drought and water shortage, the border distribution of rainfall year The weather uneven, soil types is various and geographical environment, simultaneously because mountain valley barrier action is but Chinese prickly ash, walnut, olive three The optimal normal region of big economic fruit.But due to being located in mountain area it is difficult to carry out mechanized farming harvesting.Fostering pipe since the dawn of human civilization In shield, due to continuing to use traditional planting, Tending methods over a long time, it is also the most forest and fruit of human input.

In recent years, increased with urbanization, migrant worker increases, stay-at-home old children is uneven, the problem of powerless operation Especially prominent, seasonal wide cultivation extensive farming, it is allowed to grow, bring serious adverse consequences to the development of three industries, be present in： Survival rate is low, and pest and disease damage spreads, yields poorly, inferior four major problem, and has formed the passive situation of Large Scale Death； Artificial input can be reduced for solving these problems it may first have to resolve, reduce labor intensity, yield and warp can be increased again Ji takes in the contradiction of this objective reality, for this reason, in recent years, works out and promotees, using plant, heal growth stimulator, insecticidal bactericide, puts down Weighing apparatus plant nutrient fertilizer take punching layer and section fertilization method, realize rich water medicine protect foster in nuisanceless year manage and protect technical method. Concrete integrated use, to walnut, Chinese prickly ash, the big economic fruit industry of olive three, changes the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in the past and relies on agricultural chemicals, fertilizer Material rely on chemical fertilizer, excavate annular ditch artificial to put into big, efficiency low, thus mitigate woods fruit foster manage and protect recruitment and put into big, Problem more than link, reach solve problem, balanced tree, the relation between environment three.It would therefore be highly desirable to a kind of comprehensively foster Nursery stock method, reduces labour and puts into, optimize output.

Content of the invention

The present invention proposes a kind of comprehensive Tending methods of economic forest, and trees surviving rate of planting is high, grow, and reduces agriculture Medicine, the amount of application of chemical fertilizer, save the purpose that labour puts into, improves yield guaranteed quality.

For achieving the above object, the comprehensive Tending methods of a kind of economic forest of the present invention, including following step：

(1) nursery stock pretreatment：The root of nursery stock of planting all is soaked in rush and heals in solution, the nursery stock after soaking process Planted；

(2) start seedlings：Sapling is colonized with the spacing in the rows of 4～5m, at plantation, digs the kind plant hole that length, width and height are 70～80cm, Then apply fertilizer 12～15kg, tread after mixing with the part soil digging out, put into sapling, the root system spread apart of sapling After cover soil, soil will be completely attached to root system, leave no gaps, and suitably tread, and soil and ground maintain an equal level back wall around plantation Cave region pour one time permeable, around planting area covered rearing with plastic film and good with soil pressure, open after sapling survival；

(3) sapling management：

1. the protection period：Rest period of nursery stock, the budding period, the stone phase three periods, pesticide-germicide solution is sprayed tree body；

2. prevent the phase, add 2.5% decis in mid-July at the beginning of 6 months with 45% DDVP, plus 42% carbendazim is made into 400 ～800 extraordinarily 0.3% drop-proof agents are made into each sprinkling of the aqueous solution once；

3. the rich water phase：

Newly plant then the rich water method of nursery stock：Every plant of tree applies 0.5kg urea, waters after fertilising, to newborn rudiment Repaired, retained the sprouting in below clip 30～40cm, following rudiment is all erased, and in May, treelet imposes urea 50g, Earthing after fertilising, and coordinate and water, after July, control rich water, start from late July every year, pinching 1～2 time；

The rich water method of more than 2 years nursery stocks：After annual picking fruit, before next year rudiment, period, fruit expanding period, With economic forest trunk as basic point, the ground at 2/3rds of tree crown is used the steel skewer of 6 centimeters of diameter, press 30～60 every time public Divide two different depths, the circumference around tree crown makes a call to 8 holes respectively, every time every 50～100 centimeters of pitch of holes, 40～45 ° of angle, Every hole applies nutritive solution, simultaneously in arid region, using spring in the one diameter 1.5m of base portion harmony setting, the pot that 25 ° of the gradient Bottom Shape mound, covers collection rainwater with black plastic film；

(4) collection of pollen and process：Between 8 a.m.～10 point when florescence, from the adult warp of robust growth On Ji woods, the male flower fringe of collection initial bloom stage, it is placed on the place that indoor or without sunlight direct projection are dried to dry, stand-by；Female when female flower Stamen cracking is bent outwardly, and when forming an outer "eight" shape shape, carries out artificial pollination；

(5) keep tree-like：Tree crown finally retains 8～12 major branches, divides 3～5 layers to be evenly distributed on center and does surrounding, is formed Spindle is tree-like, carries out cutting back to the side shoot affecting tree-like tree vigo(u)r, its direction of growth of specification, keeps good tree-like skeletal structures, Overstocked side shoot on major branch and excessive nutrition branch are unclogged and readjusted it is ensured that inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light.

The pesticide-germicide solution of described rest period is：Following components is counted in mass ratio：10 parts of pleocidin, 5-15 part sallow Mycin, 1-2 part rattletop extract add water after mixing and become solution for 50ppm proportions；The pesticide-germicide solution of budding period For：10 parts of pleocidin, 5-15 part griseofulvin, 1-2 part rattletop extract, jamaicin 0.5-2.5 parts and after mixing plus Water becomes solution for 50ppm proportions；The pesticide-germicide solution of stone phase is：10 parts of pleocidin, 5-15 part griseofulvin, 1- 2 parts of rattletop extracts, matrine 0.1-2.0 parts add water after mixing and become solution for 50ppm proportions.

Nutritive solution before described rudiment is：Following components is counted in mass ratio：Amino acid 0.5-2.5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-2.5 part, urea 0.5-2.0 part, bentonite 1.5-3.0 part, attapulgite 2-5 part, 200～1000 parts of water；Period Nutritive solution is：Amino acid 0.5-2.5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-2.5 part, urea 0.5-2.0 part, bentonite 3.5-8.0 part 200～1000 parts of water；The nutritive solution of fruit expanding period is：Amino acid 0.5-2.5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-2.5 part, urea 0.5-2.0 part, medical stone 1.5-3.0 part, pyrolkigneous liquid 30-35 part, 200～1000 parts of water.

The sowing amount of described nutritive solution is：Every hole is applied by 100～150g, then uses soil sealing of hole, presses four times within 1 year Apply, change drilling point every time.

During described artificial pollination, by the pollen collected, starch, yeast in mass ratio 1：5～10：0.2～0.5 ratio is mixed Carry out artificial pollination after closing uniformly.

Described yeast is one of brewer's yeast, lactic acid bacteria yeast or any combination.

A kind of comprehensive Tending methods of economic forest of the present invention, its advantage is：

1st, by medicine, fertilizer, water, protect four kinds of materials by disease pest occurrence time with need rich water node to be combined freeze injury in a year to advise Rule, optimizes production technology pattern, realizes systematization and technology in process of production；

2nd, nursery stock is pre-processed, planting survival rate, more than 98%, coordinates pesticide-germicide solution prevention and elimination of disease and pests, envelope The low temperature freezing-disaster to economic forest for the passage and reversible weather of dead disease pest infection, the administration of effective control agricultural chemicals is to reach anti-overweighting to control Effect；Follow various different nutrients needed for the plant growth stage using nutritive solution, and be distributed according to the root system depth Rule, using layering punching fertilization method, in plant root, different growth sections formed deep mixed, the fertile unit in four roads different, point The liquid manure solid feed system that solution is slow, fertilizer efficiency is lasting, reaches and precisely applies filling rich water, reduce fertilizer amount and water consumption, reduces cost；

3rd, economic forest of the present invention synthesis Tending methods are suitable to the large-scale equipment operation of mountain big ditch depth inconvenience and labour not The area of foot, realizing economic forest industry can lasting, stable generation economic benefit.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of comprehensive Tending methods of economic forest of the present invention, including following step：

(1) nursery stock pretreatment：The root of nursery stock of planting all is soaked in rush and heals in solution, the nursery stock after soaking process Planted；

(2) start seedlings：Sapling is colonized with the spacing in the rows of 4.5m, digs the kind plant hole that length, width and height are 70cm at plantation, then Apply fertilizer 12kg, tread after mixing with the part soil digging out, put into sapling, cover mud after the root system spread apart of sapling Soil, soil will be completely attached to root system, leave no gaps, and suitably tread, and the fair back wall of soil and ground pours around kind of a plant hole region One time permeable, around planting area covered rearing with plastic film and good with soil pressure, opens after sapling survival；

(3) sapling management：

1. the protection period：Rest period of nursery stock, the budding period, the stone phase three periods, pesticide-germicide solution is sprayed tree body； The pesticide-germicide solution of described rest period is：Following components is counted in mass ratio：10 parts of pleocidin, 5 parts of griseofulvin, 1 part rise Numb extract adds water after mixing and becomes solution for 50ppm proportions；The pesticide-germicide solution of budding period is：Sterilized more than 10 parts Element, 15 parts of griseofulvin, 2 parts of rattletop extracts, 2.5 parts of jamaicins and add water as 50ppm proportions Cheng Rong after mixing Liquid；The pesticide-germicide solution of stone phase is：10 parts of pleocidin, 15 parts of griseofulvin, 2 parts of rattletop extracts, 2 parts of matrines mix Add water after closing uniformly and become solution for 50ppm proportions

2. prevent the phase, add 2.5% decis in 45% DDVP at the beginning of 6 months, plus 42% carbendazim is made into 800 extraordinarily 0.3% Drop-proof agent is made into each sprinkling of the aqueous solution once；

3. the rich water phase：

Newly plant then the rich water method of nursery stock：Every plant of tree applies 0.5kg urea, waters after fertilising, to newborn rudiment Repaired, retained the sprouting in below clip 40cm, following rudiment is all erased, and in May, treelet imposes urea 50g, fertilising Earthing afterwards, and coordinate and water, after July, control rich water, start from late July every year, pinching 1 time；

The rich water method of more than 2 years nursery stocks：After annual picking fruit, before next year rudiment, period, fruit expanding period, With economic forest trunk as basic point, the ground at 2/3rds of tree crown is used the steel skewer of 6 centimeters of diameter, press 30 centimeter two every time Individual different depth, the circumference around tree crown makes a call to 8 holes respectively, every time every 50 centimeters of pitch of holes, angle 40, and it is molten that every hole applies nutrition Liquid, simultaneously in arid region, using spring tree one diameter 1.5m of base portion harmony, the form of pot bottom mound of 25 ° of the gradient, with black Color plastic film covers collection rainwater；Nutritive solution before described rudiment is：Following components is counted in mass ratio：2.5 parts of amino acid, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate 0.5 part of hydrogen potassium, 0.5 part of urea, 3.0 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of attapulgite, 200 parts of water；The nutritive solution of period is：Amino acid 2.5 parts, 0.5 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of urea, 8.0 parts of bentonite, 1000 parts of water；The nutritive solution of fruit expanding period is： 2.5 parts of amino acid, 2.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2.0 parts of urea, 3.0 parts of medical stone, 35 parts of pyrolkigneous liquid, 1000 parts of water.Described battalion The sowing amount of foster solution is：Every hole is applied by 100g, then uses soil sealing of hole, presses within 1 year four administrations, changes drilling point every time；

(4) collection of pollen and process：At 9 points in the morning when florescence, from the adult economic forest of robust growth, collection The male flower fringe of initial bloom stage, is placed on the place that indoor or without sunlight direct projection are dried to dry, stand-by；Gynoecium cracking bent outward when female flower Song, when forming an outer "eight" shape shape, carries out artificial pollination；During described artificial pollination, by the pollen collected, starch, beer Mother in mass ratio 1：5：0.2 ratio carries out artificial pollination after mixing；

(5) keep tree-like：Tree crown finally retains 8 major branches, divides 3 layers to be evenly distributed on center and does surrounding, forms spindle Tree-like, cutting back is carried out to the side shoot affecting tree-like tree vigo(u)r, its direction of growth of specification, keep good tree-like skeletal structures, for master Overstocked side shoot on branch and excessive nutrition branch is unclogged and readjusted it is ensured that inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light.

The comprehensive Tending methods result of economic forest shows, carries out economic forest using the present invention and fosters, economic forest survival rate> 90%；Year fresh biomass ratio tradition plantation economic forest yield is high by 40%, can effectively prevent late growing stage degradation phenomena；Economic forest Seedling year growth rate than routine techniques increase about 10%；The soil organism after 2 years increases to 3.8g/kg from 1.1g/kg, PH brings up to 5.2 by 4.4.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of economic forest comprehensive Tending methods it is characterised in that：Including following step：

(1) nursery stock pretreatment：The root of nursery stock of planting all is soaked in rush and heals in solution, the nursery stock after soaking process is carried out Plant；

(2) start seedlings：Sapling is colonized with the spacing in the rows of 4～5m, digs the kind plant hole that length, width and height are 70～80cm at plantation, then Apply fertilizer 12～15kg, tread after mixing with the part soil digging out, put into sapling, the root system spread apart bonnet of sapling Upper soil, soil will be completely attached to root system, leave no gaps, and suitably tread, and soil and ground maintain an equal level back wall around kind of a plant hole area Domain pour one time permeable, around planting area covered rearing with plastic film and good with soil pressure, open after sapling survival；

(3) sapling management：

1. the protection period：Rest period of nursery stock, the budding period, the stone phase three periods, pesticide-germicide solution is sprayed tree body；

2. prevent the phase, add 2.5% decis in mid-July at the beginning of 6 months with 45% DDVP, plus 42% carbendazim is made into 400～800 Extraordinarily 0.3% drop-proof agent is made into each sprinkling of the aqueous solution once；

3. the rich water phase：

Newly plant then the rich water method of nursery stock：Every plant of tree applies 0.5kg urea, waters after fertilising, and newborn rudiment is carried out Finishing, retains the sprouting in below clip 30～40cm, and following rudiment is all erased, and in May, treelet imposes urea 50g, fertilising Earthing afterwards, and coordinate and water, after July, control rich water, start from late July every year, pinching 1～2 time；

The rich water method of more than 2 years nursery stocks：After annual picking fruit, before next year rudiment, period, fruit expanding period, with warp Ji woods trunk is basic point, and the ground at 2/3rds of tree crown is used the steel skewer of 6 centimeters of diameter, presses 30～60 centimeter two every time Individual different depth, the circumference around tree crown makes a call to 8 holes respectively, every time every 50～100 centimeters of pitch of holes, 40～45 ° of angle, every hole Apply nutritive solution, simultaneously in arid region, using spring in the one diameter 1.5m of base portion harmony setting, the pot bottom-shape that 25 ° of the gradient Shape mound, covers collection rainwater with black plastic film；

(4) collection of pollen and process：Between 8 a.m.～10 point when florescence, from the adult economic forest of robust growth On, the male flower fringe of collection initial bloom stage, it is placed on the place that indoor or without sunlight direct projection are dried to dry, stand-by；When the gynoecium of female flower is opened Split and be bent outwardly, when forming an outer "eight" shape shape, carry out artificial pollination；

(5) keep tree-like：Tree crown finally retains 8～12 major branches, divides 3～5 layers to be evenly distributed on center and does surrounding, forms spindle Shape is tree-like, carries out cutting back to the side shoot affecting tree-like tree vigo(u)r, its direction of growth of specification, keeps good tree-like skeletal structures, for Overstocked side shoot on major branch and excessive nutrition branch is unclogged and readjusted it is ensured that inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light.

2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of economic forest comprehensive Tending methods it is characterised in that：Following components is counted in mass ratio： The pesticide-germicide solution of described rest period is：10 parts of pleocidin, 5-15 part griseofulvin, the mixing of 1-2 part rattletop extract are all Add water after even and become solution for 50ppm proportions；The pesticide-germicide solution of budding period is：10 parts of pleocidin, 5-15 part sallow Mycin, 1-2 part rattletop extract, jamaicin 0.5-2.5 part and add water after mixing and become solution for 50ppm proportions；Firmly The pesticide-germicide solution of core phase is：10 parts of pleocidin, 5-15 part griseofulvin, 1-2 part rattletop extract, matrine 0.1- 2.0 parts mix after add water and become solution for 50ppm proportions.

3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of economic forest comprehensive Tending methods it is characterised in that：Following components is counted in mass ratio： Nutritive solution before described rudiment is：Amino acid 0.5-2.5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-2.5 part, urea 0.5-2.0 part, swelling Native 1.5-3.0 part, attapulgite 2-5 part, 200～1000 parts of water；The nutritive solution of period is：Amino acid 0.5-2.5 part, phosphorus Acid dihydride potassium 0.5-2.5 part, urea 0.5-2.0 part, 200～1000 parts of bentonite 3.5-8.0 part water；The nutrition of fruit expanding period Solution is：Amino acid 0.5-2.5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-2.5 part, urea 0.5-2.0 part, medical stone 1.5-3.0 part, wooden vinegar 200～1000 parts of liquid 30-35 part, water.

4. as claimed in claim 3 a kind of economic forest comprehensive Tending methods it is characterised in that：The sowing amount of described nutritive solution For：Every hole is applied by 100～150g, then uses soil sealing of hole, presses within 1 year four administrations, changes drilling point every time.

5. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of economic forest comprehensive Tending methods it is characterised in that：During described artificial pollination, will receive The pollen of collection, starch, yeast in mass ratio 1：5～10：0.2～0.5 ratio carries out artificial pollination after mixing.

6. as claimed in claim 5 a kind of economic forest comprehensive Tending methods it is characterised in that：Described yeast be brewer's yeast, One of lactic acid bacteria yeast or any combination.