CN114793741B - Cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among elaeagnus conferta roxb - Google Patents
Cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among elaeagnus conferta roxb Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among myrtle fruits, belonging to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following technical steps: (1) planting myrtle; (2) pruning and shaping; (3) planting the pawpaw; (4) moisturizing and sun-blocking; and (5) fixing the trunk and culturing the branch crown. According to the method, the myrtle which is loving a high-temperature high-humidity environment can provide a cool and humid growth environment for the myrtle which is loving humidity and resisting yin in a young tree stage by interplanting the myrtle among the myrtles, and meanwhile, the atomization spraying device and the sun-shading net are arranged in a field to play a good role in moisturizing and sun-screening for the myrtle, so that the leaves are effectively prevented from being burnt by strong light and high temperature, the photosynthetic noon break of the myrtle is relieved, the survival rate of planting of the myrtle is effectively improved, the early yielding of the myrtle is promoted, and the economic benefit of farmers is remarkably increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among mulberries.
Background
Lour fruit (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.) is an evergreen tree of the genus Elaeagnus of the family Euphorbiaceae, also called Sanya fruit, wood Lai Guo, huoguo, garlic clove fruit, etc., and is also one of representative species of tropical rain forest plants. There are only about 1000 plants with flowering fruiting from old stems in the world, and the elaeagnus conferta is a typical plant with flowering fruiting from old stems. The milk fruit has luxuriant branches and leaves, beautiful tree body, and rich and bright fruit color including six kinds of red, pink, yellow, purple, green and white. The milk fruit is densely covered on old branches, is an ideal material for dry fruit appreciation in garden landscaping, and is a wild fruit tree with great development potential integrating edible, ornamental and medicinal purposes.
In recent years, many researches on the seed selection of the elaeagnus conferta roxb are carried out on resource collection, sowing, cutting seedling and the like. However, until now, the cultivation of the moisture-tolerant and yin-tolerant elaeagnus conferta roxb in the field lacks corresponding research. Under natural conditions, wild elaeagnus conferta roxb is a typical middle-lower tree species in a tropical rainforest, generally grows in a humid environment, has the particularity of changing the shade growth from the seedling stage to the adult stage of the sunshine due to the adaptability to the luminous environment, is influenced by high temperature and strong light, and has very low field cultivation survival rate. Whether the moisture-loving and yin-tolerant wood milk fruits can adapt to environmental changes and heterobiosis in field domestication cultivation in the young tree stage determines whether the growth and development of the wood milk fruits are normal or not and the formation of yield and quality.
The myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) is evergreen shrub of myrtle of Myrtaceae, the plant height of an adult tree is 0.5-2 m, the myrtle is fond of high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the relative air temperature is 70-80%, the growth of the myrtle is facilitated, and the myrtle is anti-inflammatory, slightly shade-resistant, drought-resistant and barren and strong in adaptability.
In order to effectively solve the cultivation problems of low survival rate, poor growth suitability and the like of the milk mallow nursery stocks, a cultivation mode of interplanting myrtle in milk mallow is researched and found, the survival rate of milk mallow seedling planting is improved and early fruiting and high yield are promoted by a mode of complementing the characteristics of two plants.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the myrtle which is loving high temperature and high humidity environment can shield sunlight for the myrtle which is loving humidity and resisting yin in the young tree stage by interplanting the myrtle among the myrtles, so that a cool and humid growth environment is provided for the myrtle, the growth and development of the myrtle are facilitated, and the survival rate and the early yielding and high yield of the myrtle are improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among elaeagnus conferta roxb fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting myrtle: selecting a myrtle seedling, excavating a myrtle planting hole, putting the myrtle seedling in the center of the planting hole, planting the myrtle seedling in loose soil, sprinkling sufficient root fixing water after planting, topdressing for 1-2 times per quarter after planting, mainly applying organic fertilizer, and matching with a small amount of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer to perform furrow application;
(2) Pruning and shaping: pruning the young myrtle mainly comprises removing flower buds, thin and weak branches and small branches, reserving 3-5 trunks, taking strong branches as main bearing branches, and mainly culturing and expanding the crown of the myrtle;
(3) Planting wood milk fruit: selecting a milk berry seedling, digging a milk berry fixed planting hole between planting rows of myrtle, shearing 1/3-1/2 of tender tips and mature leaves of the seedling before planting, carrying out cut treatment on the bag body and the bottom of a seedling growing bag, then placing the seedling bag in the center of the fixed planting hole, covering soil and compacting the soil, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(4) Moisture retention and sun protection: installing an atomization spraying device in a field, setting a high-temperature time period, spraying and cooling the elaeagnus conferta roxb seedlings from top to bottom, and simultaneously pulling a sun-shading net above a spray pipe to prevent sun;
(5) Stem setting and branch crown culturing: the method comprises the steps of cutting short sections 20-40 cm above a grafting opening of a main stem of the elaeagnus conferta roxb for trunk fixation, selecting 3-5 branches with uniform distribution and equivalent growth after the trunk is subjected to tip drawing to culture as main branches for fruiting, wherein the included angle between the main branches and the trunk is 45-70 degrees, the main branches can be promoted to be drawn to generate branches by pinching when the main branches extend for more than 1m, cutting short sections of each branch at the right time to form an open heart-shaped tree crown structure, controlling the tree height to be 3-4 m, cutting off over-dense, crossed and weak branches, reasonably distributing two fruit tree crown spaces through trunk fixation and trimming, and then applying fertilizer and spraying pesticide at irregular intervals according to the growth condition of elaeagnus conferta roxb fruit trees to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the myrtle seedlings are planted for 1-2 years and then the myrtle seedlings are planted.
Preferably, in the step (3), the plant spacing between the myrtle and the elaeagnus conferta roxb is 2-3 m.
Preferably, in the step (3), the specification of the planting hole of the pawpaw is (70-90) cm x (70-90) cm.
Preferably, in step (3), before planting the nursery stock of the elaeagnus conferta roxb, 15-20 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 0.5-2 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each hole in the planting hole of the elaeagnus conferta roxb and are mixed with surface soil uniformly and then returned to the hole.
Preferably, in the step (3), the milk fruit nursery stock is a 2-year-old milk fruit grafted nursery stock with a plant height of more than 50cm and a stem thickness of more than 1.5 cm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the specification of the planting holes of the myrtle is (40-60) cm x (40-60) cm, and the plant-row spacing is (4-6) m x (5-7) m.
Preferably, in the step (1), before planting the myrtle nursery stock, 5-10 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.3-0.7 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.3-0.7 kg of quicklime are applied to each hole of the fixed planting hole of the myrtle and are mixed with surface soil uniformly and then returned to the hole.
Preferably, in the step (1), the myrtle seedlings are 2-year-old strong seedlings with the plant height of more than 50cm and the diameter of the base of the main stem of more than 0.5 cm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the sunshade net is a black sunshade net, and the shading rate is 45-50%.
Preferably, in the step (3), the nursery stock growing bag of the milk plant is a white non-woven fabric bag, the width of the bag is 10-20 cm, and the height of the bag is 15-25 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the myrtle is interplanted among the myrtles, the plant height of adult myrtle trees is 0.5-2 m, the myrtles are fond of a high-temperature high-humidity environment, the relative air temperature is 70-80% to facilitate growth of the myrtles, the myrtles are anti-inflammatory and slightly shade-resistant, the adaptability is high, the myrtles which are fond of humidity and shade-resistant in a young tree stage can be shielded from sunlight, the sunlight exposure is avoided to enable water in soil to be rapidly lost, a cool and humid growth environment is provided for the myrtles, the environmental adaptability of large-scale planting of the myrtles is improved, the growth and development of the myrtles are facilitated, the survival rate and early yielding of the myrtles are improved, the survival rate is more than 88%, and the time for fruiting is only about 5 years. Through the cultivation method of interplanting myrtle among the elaeagnus pungens, the vegetation coverage rate in the field can be obviously increased, the field and small environment can be adjusted, and the field utilization rate can be improved.
2. The method comprises the steps of planting the myrtle for 1-2 years, then planting the myrtle, and mainly culturing and expanding the crown of the myrtle in the process of planting the myrtle, so that the method can shade the wet and afraid-sunning young trees of the milk fruits of the arbor fruits, provide a cool and humid growth environment for the milk fruits, create a good growth environment for the milk fruits at the young tree stage, and is favorable for survival, growth and development of the milk fruits. Meanwhile, the crown of the milk fruit bearing tree can shade the sun and block the sun for the myrtle fruits in summer, so that the sunscald and bird pecking of the myrtle fruits are reduced, and the fruit bearing rate of the myrtle is improved.
3. The method reasonably matches the differences of the growth habits of the myrtle and the elaeagnus conferta roxb by utilizing the difference of the growth habits, scientifically configures the planting density in the field, ensures that the plant spacing between the myrtle and the elaeagnus conferta is 2-3 m, fully considers the advantages of the growth time and space of crops, and improves the interplanting effect. The myrtle is a evergreen arbor with the preference for dampness and the resistance to yin, is a wild tree species with branches and trunks which blossom and bear fruits, is interplanted with the evergreen shrub myrtle with the preference for high temperature and high humidity, is combined with high and low, provides a cool and moist growing environment for the myrtle, and is beneficial to the survival and the growth of the myrtle. Moreover, flowers are grown on the middle and lower branches of the prunus cerasifera and the peripheries of the branches and crowns of the myrtle, the flowers are very beautiful and red, the two branches and crowns are staggered, the space is reasonable, and the method is very suitable for picking in a garden.
4. After the elaeagnus pungens is planted, the atomization spraying device is installed, the high-temperature time period is set, spraying is carried out from top to bottom, the surface temperature of the elaeagnus pungens can be directly reduced, meanwhile, the sun-shading net is covered, the good moisture-preserving and sun-screening effects can be achieved, strong light and high temperature burning of the leaves can be effectively avoided, photosynthesis and noon break of the elaeagnus pungens are relieved, the survival rate of the elaeagnus pungens is improved, and growth and development of the elaeagnus pungens are promoted.
5. The invention carries out stem fixing and branch crown cultivation on the elaeagnus conferta roxb, because the elaeagnus conferta roxb is a tree species with flowering and fruiting branches, the stem fixing is carried out on a short section 20-40 cm above a main stem grafting opening of the elaeagnus conferta roxb, 3-5 branches with uniform direction distribution and equivalent growth vigor are selected and cultured as main branches for fruiting after the trunk branches are taken out, the included angle between the main branches and the trunk is 45-70 degrees, the main branches can be promoted to take out branches by pinching when being extended for more than 1m, the elaeagnus conferta roxb branches can be favorably fruited and have high yield, and the production benefit is improved.
6. According to the invention, myrtle is interplanted on the elaeagnus conferta roxb, so that the survival rate of elaeagnus conferta roxb is increased, and the economic benefit of fruit growers can be increased. The growing period of the milk plant is longer, the milk plant can bloom and bear fruits only about 7 years in single cropping, the survival rate is low, continuous reseeding is needed, continuous investment is needed in the growing period, the investment recovery period is slow, the growing period of the myrtle is short, and the milk plant can bloom and bear fruits about 1 year.
7. According to the method, the strong grafted seedling with the specification of 2 years is selected when the milk fruit is planted, the root system is developed, and the survival rate of seedling transplantation can be improved. Before planting, the bag body and the bottom of the milk fruit nursery stock seedling growing bag are subjected to shearing treatment, and planting is carried out in a bag-by-bag mode so as to reduce root system damage and exposure and further improve the survival rate of nursery stock transplanting.
8. When the nanny milk fruit and the myrtle are planted, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and surface soil are applied in the fixed planting holes and are uniformly mixed and then returned to the planting holes, the growth and the development of the nanny milk fruit and the myrtle are facilitated, and the production cost of interplanting cultivation can be greatly reduced because the demand difference of the nanny milk fruit and the myrtle on the fertilizer is not large.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a fruit garden of the monoculture Mozuki nuts of comparative example 1.
FIG. 2 is a view A of a fruit garden formed by interplanting myrtle crowns in the milk fruit trees of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a view B of a fruit garden formed by interplanting myrtle crowns in the milk fruit trees in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the high yield and fruit bearing of the milk fruit of wood obtained by interplanting myrtle in the milk fruit of wood of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among elaeagnus conferta roxb fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting myrtle: selecting 2-year-old strong myrtle seedlings with the plant height of more than 50cm and the diameter of a main stem base of more than 0.5cm in 2014, excavating a myrtle fixed planting hole in a large field of a planting base in Longzhou county, wherein the specification of the fixed planting hole is 50cm multiplied by 50cm, the row spacing of the plants is 5m multiplied by 6m, applying 10kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.5kg of quicklime in each hole in the fixed planting hole before planting, uniformly mixing with surface soil, returning to the hole, placing the myrtle seedlings in the center of the fixed planting hole, planting the myrtle seedlings in loose soil, spraying root fixing water after planting, topdressing 1 time every season after planting, mainly using a small amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer, and performing ditching by matching with the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer;
(2) Pruning and shaping: pruning the young myrtle mainly comprises removing flower buds, thin and weak branches and small branches, leaving 4 trunks, taking strong branches as main bearing branches, and mainly culturing and expanding the crown of the myrtle;
(3) Planting the wood milk fruit: 2 years after planting myrtle, beginning to plant the myrtle in 2016 years, selecting 2 years of fresh myrtle with the plant height of more than 50cm and the stem thickness of more than 1.5cm to graft seedlings, digging a plant pit for fixing the myrtle between planting rows of the myrtle, wherein the plant distance between the myrtle and the myrtle is 2.5m, the specification of the plant pit is 80cm × 80cm × 80cm, applying 15kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 1kg of calcium superphosphate to each pit in the plant pit before planting, uniformly mixing the farmyard manure with surface soil, returning to the pit, shearing 1/3 of tender tips and mature leaves of the seedlings before planting, shearing the bag body and the bottom of a seedling raising bag, wherein the seedling raising bag is a white non-woven fabric bag, the bag width is 15cm, and the bag height is 20cm, then placing the seedlings together with the bag in the center of the plant pit, covering soil and compacting, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(4) Moisture retention and sun protection: installing an atomization spraying device in a field, setting a high-temperature period, spraying and cooling the elaeagnus conferta roxb seedlings from top to bottom, and pulling a sun-shading net above a spray pipe for sun protection, wherein the sun-shading net is a commercially available 3-needle black sun-shading net, and the sun-shading rate is 50%;
(5) Stem setting and branch crown culturing: the method comprises the steps of carrying out stem fixing on a short section 30cm above a grafting opening of a main stem of the milk fruit, selecting 5 branches with uniform distribution and equivalent growth after a trunk is subjected to tip drawing, culturing the 5 branches as a main branch of the fruit, controlling the included angle between the main branch and the trunk to be 45 degrees, enabling the main branch to be lengthened by more than 1m, pulling the branches by pinching, cutting each branch at a proper time to form an open-heart-shaped crown structure, controlling the tree height to be 3m, cutting off over-dense, crossed and weak branches, reasonably distributing the crown space of two fruit branches by stem fixing and trimming, carrying out irregular fertilization and pesticide spraying according to the growth condition of the milk fruit tree, interplanting the milk fruit tree with myrtle tree crowns in 2020, forestation orchards and orchards, see fig. 2 and 3, and a high yield bearing map of the milk fruit in 2021 year, see fig. 4.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that only the milk fruits are planted in the comparative example 1, the myrtle is not interplanted, an atomizing spray device and a sun-shading net are not installed during cultivation, an orchard diagram is shown in figure 1, and the rest cultivation conditions are the same as those of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example 2 is different from the example 1 in that only the myrtle is planted in the comparative example 2, myrtle is not interplanted, and the rest of the cultivation conditions are the same as those of the example 1.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is different from example 1 in that in comparative example 3, the atomizing spray device and the sunshade net are not installed at the time of cultivation, and the rest of the cultivation conditions are the same as those of example 1.
Example 2
A cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among elaeagnus conferta roxb fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting myrtle: selecting 2-year-old strong myrtle seedlings with the plant height of more than 50cm and the diameter of the main stem base of more than 0.5cm in 2013, digging a myrtle fixed planting hole in a hundred-fruit garden in Longzhou county, wherein the specification of the fixed planting hole is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, the row spacing of the plants is 4m multiplied by 5m, applying rotten farmyard manure 5kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 0.3kg and quicklime 0.3kg in each hole in the fixed planting hole before planting, uniformly mixing with surface soil, returning to the hole, placing the myrtle seedlings in the center of the fixed planting hole, planting in loose soil, spraying sufficient root fixing water after planting, topdressing for 1 time every season after planting, mainly using a small amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer, and performing ditching and applying;
(2) Pruning and shaping: pruning the myrtle saplings mainly comprises removing flower buds, thin and weak branches and twigs, reserving 3 trunks, taking strong branches as main bearing branches, and mainly culturing and expanding myrtle crowns;
(3) Planting the wood milk fruit: planting myrtle 2 years later, beginning to plant elaeagnus mollis in 2015 year, selecting 2-year-old elaeagnus mollis with the plant height of more than 50cm and the stem diameter of more than 1.5cm to graft seedlings, digging elaeagnus mollis planting holes between planting rows of the myrtle, wherein the plant distance between the elaeagnus mollis and the myrtle is 3m, the specification of the planting holes is 70cm multiplied by 70cm, applying 18kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 0.5kg of calcium superphosphate to the planting holes before planting, uniformly mixing the mixture with surface soil, returning to the planting holes, shearing 1/2 of seedling tips and mature leaves before planting, carrying out shearing treatment on the bag body and the bottom of the seedling raising bag, wherein the seedling raising bag is a white non-woven bag, the bag width is 20cm, and the bag height is 25cm, then placing the seedling bag in the center of the planting holes, covering soil and compacting the soil, and pouring enough rooting water;
(4) Moisture retention and sun protection: installing an atomization spraying device in a field, setting a high-temperature period, spraying and cooling the elaeagnus conferta roxb seedlings from top to bottom, and pulling a sun-shading net above a spray pipe for sun protection, wherein the sun-shading net is a commercially available 3-needle black sun-shading net, and the sun-shading rate is 45%;
(5) Stem setting and branch crown culturing: the method comprises the steps of carrying out stem fixing on a short section 20cm above a grafting opening of a main stem of the elaeagnus conferta roxb, selecting and reserving 3 branches with uniform direction distribution and equivalent growth vigor after a trunk is subjected to tip drawing, culturing the branches to serve as main branches for fruiting, enabling the main branches to extend for more than 1m and enabling the main branches to be subjected to core picking to promote branch drawing, carrying out timely short section on each branch to form an open-heart-shaped crown structure, controlling the height of the tree to be 4m, cutting off dense, crossed and weak branches, reasonably distributing two kinds of crown spaces through stem fixing and trimming, carrying out irregular fertilization and pesticide spraying to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests according to the growth condition of elaeagnus conferta roxb fruit trees, and carrying out high yield and fruit bearing in 2020.
Example 3
A cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among elaeagnus conferta roxb fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting myrtle: selecting 2-year-old strong myrtle seedlings with the plant height of more than 50cm and the diameter of the base part of a main stem of more than 0.5cm in 2014, excavating a myrtle fixed planting hole in a large field of a planting base of the Chongsei county, wherein the specification of the fixed planting hole is 60cm multiplied by 60cm, the plant row spacing is 6m multiplied by 7m, applying 10kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.7kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.7kg of quicklime in each hole in the fixed planting hole before planting, uniformly mixing with surface soil, returning to the hole, placing the myrtle seedlings in the center of the fixed planting hole, planting the myrtle seedlings into loose soil, sprinkling enough root fixing water after planting, topdressing 1 time every season after planting, mainly using an organic fertilizer, and matching with a small amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer for ditching and spreading;
(2) Pruning and shaping: pruning the myrtle saplings mainly comprises removing flower buds, thin and weak branches and twigs, reserving 5 trunks, taking strong branches as main bearing branches, and mainly culturing and expanding myrtle crowns;
(3) Planting the wood milk fruit: 2 years after the myrtle is planted, planting the plant milk fruit in 2016, selecting the 2-year-old plant milk fruit with the plant height of more than 50cm and the stem thickness of more than 1.5cm to be grafted with seedlings, digging a plant milk fruit fixed planting hole between planting rows of the myrtle, wherein the plant distance between the plant milk fruit and the myrtle is 2m, the specification of the fixed planting hole is 90cm multiplied by 90cm, applying 20kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 2kg of calcium superphosphate to each hole in the fixed planting hole before planting, uniformly mixing the decomposed farmyard manure with surface soil, returning to the hole, shearing 1/2 of tender tips and mature leaves of the seedlings before planting, shearing the bag body and the bottom of the seedling raising bag, wherein the seedling raising bag is a white non-woven bag, the bag width is 20cm, the bag height is 25cm, then placing the seedling bag in the center of the fixed planting hole, covering soil and compacting the soil, and pouring enough root setting water;
(4) Moisture retention and sun protection: installing an atomization spraying device in a field, setting a high-temperature period, spraying and cooling the elaeagnus conferta roxb seedlings from top to bottom, and pulling a sun-shading net above a spray pipe for sun protection, wherein the sun-shading net is a commercially available 3-needle black sun-shading net, and the sun-shading rate is 50%;
(5) Stem setting and branch crown culturing: the method comprises the steps of fixing the trunk of a short section 40cm above a grafting opening of a main stem of the elaeagnus conferta roxb, selecting 5 branches with uniform distribution and equivalent growth after the trunk is subjected to tip drawing, culturing the 5 branches as main branches for fruiting, controlling the height of the main branches to be 3m, cutting off dense, crossed and weak branches, reasonably distributing two kinds of fruit branch crowns by fixing the trunk and cutting off the branches in real time, irregularly fertilizing and spraying pesticide to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests according to the growth condition of elaeagnus conferta roxb fruit trees, and carrying out high yield fruit hanging of the elaeagnus conferta roxb in 2021 year.
The method for cultivating the myrtle fruits in the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 is adopted, the survival rate of the myrtle fruits in the growing period, the time required by the fruits and the fruit bearing rate of the myrtle are counted, and the statistical results are specifically shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 survival rate of Mount milks, fruiting time after cultivation and fruiting rate of Myrtus communis
As can be seen from table 1, the cultivation method of interplanting myrtle among elaeagnus conferta roxb and elaeagnus angustifolia adopted in example 1 of the present invention enables the survival rate of myrtle to be as high as 92%, compared with the method of single cultivation of myrtle in comparative examples 1 and 2, the survival rate of elaeagnus angustifolia of example 1 is respectively improved by 113.95% and 41.54%, and the elaeagnus angustifolia has the advantages of fast growth speed, short fruiting time and only about 5 years of fruiting time. The myrtle which is loving high temperature and high humidity environment can provide a cool and humid growth environment for the myrtle which is loving humidity and resisting yin in the young tree stage, is beneficial to the growth and development of the myrtle, and can effectively improve the survival rate and the growth speed of the myrtle.
Compared with the cultivation method in the comparative example 3, in which no atomizing spray device or sun-shading net is installed after the myrtle is interplanted on the myrtle, the survival rate of the myrtle in the embodiment 1 is improved by 35.29%, the growth speed is high, and the fruiting time is short. According to the method, after the myrtle is interplanted in the elaeagnus conferta roxb, the atomizing spray device and the sun-shading net are arranged in the field, so that the effects of moisture preservation and sun screening can be well achieved on the elaeagnus conferta roxb in the sapling stage, the leaves are effectively prevented from being burnt by strong light and high temperature, the photosynthetic noon break of the elaeagnus conferta roxb is relieved, the survival rate of the elaeagnus conferta roxb is improved, the growth and development of the elaeagnus conferta roxb are promoted, and the growth speed of the elaeagnus conferta roxb is improved.
Meanwhile, the myrtle is interplanted in the myrtle fruits, so that crowns of the myrtle fruits hung on the myrtle fruits can be shaded and sun-proof in summer, sunscald and bird pecking of the myrtle fruits are reduced, and the fruit hanging rate of the myrtle fruits is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among mulberries is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Planting myrtle: selecting a myrtle seedling, excavating a myrtle planting hole, placing the myrtle seedling in the center of the planting hole, planting the myrtle seedling in loose soil, sprinkling sufficient root fixing water after planting, topdressing 1~2 times per quarter after planting, mainly applying organic fertilizer, and matching with a small amount of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer for ditch spreading; planting the myrtle seedlings for 1~2 years and then planting the myrtle seedlings; the myrtle seedlings are 2-year-old robust seedlings with the plant height of more than 50cm and the diameter of the base part of the main stem of more than 0.5 cm;
(2) Pruning and shaping: pruning the young myrtle mainly comprises removing flower buds, thin and weak branches and twigs, leaving 3~5 trunks, taking strong branches as main bearing branches, and mainly culturing and expanding the crown of the myrtle;
(3) Planting wood milk fruit: selecting nursery stock of the myrtle, digging a planting hole for fixing the nursery stock of the myrtle between planting rows of the myrtle, shearing off tender tips of the nursery stock and 1/3~1/2 of each mature leaf before planting, then carrying out cut treatment on a bag body and the bottom of a nursery stock seedling-cultivating bag, then placing the nursery stock bag in the center of the planting hole, covering soil and compacting the soil, and pouring enough root-fixing water; the plant distance between the elaeagnus conferta roxb and the myrtle is 2 to 3 m; the elaeagnus conferta roxb nursery stocks are 2-year-old elaeagnus conferta roxb grafted nursery stocks with the plant height of more than 50cm and the stem thickness of more than 1.5 cm;
(4) Moisture preservation and sun protection: installing an atomization spraying device in a field, setting a high-temperature period, spraying and cooling the seedlings from top to bottom, and pulling a sun-shading net above a spray pipe to prevent the seedlings from being sun-shaded;
(5) Stem setting and branch crown culture: trunk determination is carried out on a short section 20 to 40cm above a main stem grafting opening of the elaeagnus conferta roxb, 3~5 branches which are uniformly distributed in direction and have equivalent growth vigor are selected and cultured after the trunk is tapped to serve as fruit main branches, and the included angle between the main branches and the trunk is 45 degrees ° ~70 ° The main branches are lengthened by more than 1m, the main branches are promoted to generate branches by pinching, then each branch is cut at the right time to form an open-heart-shaped crown structure, the tree height is controlled to be 3-4 m, over-dense branches, crossing branches and weak branches are cut off, the crowns of two fruit branches are distributed reasonably through stem fixing and trimming, and then the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and controlled by applying fertilizer and spraying pesticide irregularly according to the growth condition of the milk fruit trees.
2. The cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among elaeagnus conferta roxb according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the planting hole specification of the elaeagnus conferta roxb is (70 to 90) cm x (70 to 90) cm.
3. The method for interplanting myrtle among ficus tikoua as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), before planting the ficus tikoua seedlings, 15 to 20kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and 0.5 to 2kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each hole in a ficus tikoua fixed planting hole and are mixed with surface soil uniformly and then are put back into the hole.
4. The cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among mulberries according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the planting hole specification of the myrtle is (40 to 60) cm x (40 to 60) cm, and the row spacing is (4~6) m x (5~7) m.
5. The method for cultivating the myrtle interplanting the myrtle and the milk fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), 5 to 10kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 0.3 to 0.7kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.3 to 0.7kg of quick lime are applied to each hole of the fixed planting hole of the myrtle and are mixed with surface soil uniformly and then returned to the hole before the planting of the myrtle seedlings.
6. The cultivation method for interplanting myrtle among mulberries according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the sunshade net is a black sunshade net, and the shading rate is 45-50%.
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Application publication date: 20220729 Assignee: Guangxi Wubao Technology Information Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SOUTH ASIAN TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Research Institute OF GUANGXI Contract record no.: X2023980045468 Denomination of invention: A cultivation method for interplanting myrtle with wood milk fruit Granted publication date: 20230407 License type: Common License Record date: 20231102 |