CN102177828B - High-ridge cultivation method of Chinese gooseberries - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-ridge cultivation method of Chinese gooseberries, which comprises steps of flattening soil; ridging, wherein space between ridges is controlled to be 6-8m, the height of the ridges is 0.5-0.6m, the ridges are formed by using improved surface soil and ladder-shaped, and ridges are smashed; planting, wherein the upper parts of the ridges are dug to be used for planting, and strong Chinese gooseberry seedlings are chosen to be planted; planting the seedlings in the center parts of furrows, tamping earthing soil, and fully watering seedlings with rooting water; after the surface soil of the ridge furrows and an organic fertilizer are mixed, digging the mixture of the surface soil and the organic fertilizer out and piling to the ridge sides to make the height of the ridges reach 0.9 m to 1 m; and fertilizing and earthing up according to the growth conditions of the Chinese gooseberry seedlings. The high-ridge cultivation method is simple in operation. The purpose of limiting the root region can be achieved by reducing the cost, the influence of overhigh ground water level to the Chinese gooseberry growth is avoided and the fruit quality is greatly enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fruit tree planting technique field, particularly a kind of kiwi fruit cultivation method of high making ridge is applicable to the area or the southern area of heavy rainfull of the high level land of subterranean water level, soil condition difference.
Background technology
Kiwi fruit originates in China, because of the abundant and fashionable especially countries in the world of ascorbic content in its fresh fruit, becomes a kind of emerging fruit tree.In the fruit except that ascorbic content than apple, sweet orange high several times to tens times, also contain citrin (being Lu Ding) and protease, bring high blood pressure down and digestive effect, be a kind of health-care nutritional food.Aspect medical value, according to the modern medicine clinical testing, its fresh fruit and fruit juice all have certain prevention effect and auxiliary curative effect to diseases such as leprosy, alimentary tract cancer, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Kiwi fruit is a kind of fallen leaves vine fruit, and the long shoot tip has counterclockwise prehensile, can seek connections with on other plant or support and grow.The young sprout year increment is very big, can reach more than 3 meters sometimes, so can be very fast cloth shelfful face, growth later stage top is from withered.
Chinese actinidia root frenulum succulence, main root is undeveloped, and lateral root distributes more shallow and wide, must newspaper prosperity especially.Because of the kiwi fruit root system is a fleshy root, ponding causes root system to go rotten easily, so the kiwi fruit intolerant to waterlogging.The kiwi fruit blade is very big in addition, and water evaporation quantity is big, and drought resistance is poor.Therefore, kiwi fruit happiness is loose ventilative, moistening and ponding not, the soil that the content of organic matter is high.
The cultivation method that extensively adopts at present is the pumping slot method, and the concrete steps of this method are following: dig wide 0.8～1.0 * 0.8～1.0 meters dark ditches, surface and subsoil divide open, and table soil is put on one side; Subsoil is put another side, during backfill, will use sufficient the base fertilizer fertilizer earlier after digging; And return table soil with elder generation and fully mix evenly, return subsoil at last, be made into about 0.2～0.3 meter of row band height during backfill; 4～5 meters of line-spacings are pressed on wide about 1.2～1.5 meters ridges at last again on the ridge, 3～4 meters planting stocks of spacing in the rows.
There is following problem in above-mentioned traditional pumping slot method:
1. main subsoil (immature soil or dead soil) concentrates on the surface of kiwi fruit cultivation, because soil does not have complete weathering good, soil aggregate is poor, causes a little less than the early stage Kiwi growth, dead easily tree or growth stunted tree.
2. Actinidia meat root system does not have main root, and happiness permiable soil structure is afraid of accumulated water.The kiwi fruit root system is generally concentrated and is distributed in 0.2～0.6 meter dark soil layer, but root system concentrates in 0.3～0.5 meter soil layer mostly.The area of heavy rainfull, south especially in heavy rain season, because the ridge has only 0.2～0.3 meter high, is easy to cause the root system accumulated water, causes the big tree death of kiwi fruit.
At the high level land plantation kiwi fruit of subterranean water level; Because Root Distribution is shallow; Root system can not go deep into soil (being generally 30 ~ 60 centimetres) draw nutrient, makes the kiwi fruit nursery stock very not drought-enduring, in summer or high temperature and drought period; The problem that fallen leaves shedding even dead seedling occur easily has a strong impact on the yield and quality of kiwi fruit.
Soil condition also is a key factor that influences the growth of kiwi fruit root system.In the area of soil condition difference, the yielding poorly of kiwi fruit, quality are also poor.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies that exist in the prior art; Provide a kind of novel kiwi fruit high ridge cultivation method; Simple to operate, make that kiwi fruit is planted, rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and pruning technique indexing, efficiency improves more than 20%; The nursery stock survival rate improves more than 30%; The fruit quality index improves more than 20%, can also improve the soil simultaneously, and area or the southern area of heavy rainfull that has solved the high level land of subterranean water level, soil condition difference be the technical barrier of suitable planting kiwi fruit not.
A kind of high ridge cultivation method of kiwi fruit is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, level land;
Step 2, making ridge: 6 ~ 8 meters of control ridge spacings, ridge is high 0.5 ~ 0.6 meter, the topsoil making ridge of usefulness, it is trapezoidal that ridge is, and smashes the ridge ditch flat;
Step 3, field planting: Kai Keng plants on ridge top, selects healthy and strong kiwi fruit seedling to plant; Seedling is colonizated in hole central authorities, and sufficient normal root water is watered in the earthing compacting;
Step 4, winter the topsoil of ridge ditch is piled in the ridge waist with digging out after fertilizer mixes then;
Step 5, winter next year pile the topsoil of ridge ditch in the ridge waist with digging out after fertilizer mixes again, make ridge up to 0.9 ~ 1 meter;
Step 6, according to fertilising of the growing state of kiwi fruit seedling and ridging.
Further, preferably include the step that 15 ~ 20 centimetres of soil in top layer are mixed with fertilizer in the step 1.
The top of trapezoidal ridge is 0.8 ~ 1.2 meter in the step 2, and bottom is 1.6 ~ 2.4 meters.More preferably, the top of trapezoidal ridge is 1 meter, and bottom is 2 meters.
The hole is dark 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter in the step 3, cheats wide 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter.The time of planting of kiwi fruit seedling is preferably the back of falling leaves then to late Febuary next year.
Enclose the stalk of 15 ~ 20 cm thicks after the setting-in watering of step 3 kiwi fruit seedling, play the effect of water conservation.
In the step 4 and five, the topsoil of ridge ditch is preferably 15 ~ 20 centimetres of soil in top layer.
In order to improve land utilization rate and to increase income, can in the ridge ditch, plant annual crops.For example beans, peanut, vegetables etc.Crop planting can also be improved the soil effectively.In crops results later winters, the topsoil of ridge ditch is piled in the ridge waist with digging out after fertilizer mixes.
The kiwi fruit root system is a fleshy root, generally takes root dark 0.3 to 0.6 meter, and depth capacity is about 1 meter.In the kiwi fruit cultivation method of the present invention, when making ridge, the ridge height is controlled at 0.5 ~ 0.6 meter; The root system of kiwi fruit seedling is limited in the ridge, and rainwater flows out from the ridge ditch, winter the ridge ditch is dug deeply then; Ridge is high to be increased relatively, and dig the ridge ditch deeply winter next year again, makes ridge up to 0.9 ~ 1 meter.Along with the growth of kiwi fruit root system, make that ridge is high, ridge is wide also along with increase, rainwater is discharged through the ridge ditch, and root can not rot to take place because of ponding causes, and then improves the survival rate of kiwi fruit seedling.
Topsoil is loose porous, and permeability is good, and material transforms fast, has deep humus layer, contains abundant organic matter, and is permeable, venting capability is strong, the well-formed, and water and fertilizer condition is superior.The present invention selects the topsoil heap ridge through improvement when making ridge; Because topsoil is ventilative, soil moisture conservation, protect fertile, the nutrient conducting power is strong; Be not easy to cause kiwi fruit root system accumulated water, protect the normal oxygen demand of kiwi fruit root system, be very beneficial for the growth of kiwi fruit seedling root.Winter then after the field planting of kiwi fruit seedling and winter next year, 15 ~ 20 centimetres of soil in top layer of ridge ditch are mixed with fertilizer, improve the soil year by year.The newborn topsoil of ridge ditch is through plantation crops and organic fertilizer, and the content of organic matter wherein increases, and piles after digging out in the ridge waist, has further satisfied the demand of kiwi fruit root system to nutriment.Owing to adopt the mode of improving the soil year by year to plant, make that originally the area of the soil condition difference of suitable planting kiwi fruit can not planted yet, can increase substantially land utilization rate, and obtain good economic benefit.
The present invention has changed traditional kiwi fruit planting type, and is simple to operate, only needs the low-cost purpose that can reach the rhizosphere restriction; Avoided the too high influence of subterranean water level to Kiwi growth, and make plant, rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and pruning technique indexing, efficiency improves more than 20%; The fruit quality index improves more than 20%, and the nursery stock survival rate improves more than 30%, and soil is greatly improved simultaneously; Production capacity increases, and can realize high-quality and efficient production.In the ridge ditch, plant annual crops, carry out compound operation, not only improved soil, and improved land utilization rate, also can increase income.
The inventive method is particularly useful for the area or the southern area of heavy rainfull of the high level land of subterranean water level, soil condition difference.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further explain.
Fig. 1 is the making ridge sketch map of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map after digging the ridge ditch deeply winter then.
Fig. 3 is the sketch map after digging the ridge ditch deeply again winter next year.
Among the figure, 1-ridge; 2-ridge ditch; 3-ridge waist; 4-kiwi fruit seedling.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Cultivate the kiwi fruit nursery stock according to the following steps:
Step 1, level land, 15 ~ 20 centimetres of soil in top layer are fully mixed with fertilizer, can play the effect of improving the soil, every mu of ground organic manure application rate is 5 tons.
Step 2, making ridge: as shown in Figure 1, controlling the ridge spacing according to the demand of compound operation between ridge is 8 meters, and ridge is high 0.6 meter, smashes the ridge ditch flat; It is trapezoidal that ridge is, 1.2 meters of last hem widths, and 2.4 meters of following hem widths reduce through height-width after one to two all natural subsidence, and manual sorting is mended to the calibrated altitude width.
Step 3, field planting: the healthy and strong anosis kiwi fruit seedling of selecting to cultivate in the best planting time of fallen leaves back to late Febuary next year nursery stock is then planted.Be employed in ridge top Kai Keng and plant, cheat dark 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres of diameters, the hole spacing is 2 meters.The seedling field planting is central in the hole, execute 300 gram left and right sides fertilizers and fully mix, earthing and compacting then slightly with the fine earth that needs to cover.Water sufficient normal root water after planting, make root fully contact, and be covered with the effect that 15 to 20 cm thick stalks play water conservation with soil.
Step 4, as shown in Figure 2 is piled 20 centimetres of soil in top layer of ridge ditch in the ridge waist with digging out after fertilizer fully mixes then winter, is equivalent to dig dark 20 centimetres to the ridge ditch.
Step 5, as shown in Figure 3, pile 20 centimetres of soil in top layer of ridge ditch in the ridge waist with digging out after fertilizer fully mixes winter next year again, is equivalent to dig dark 20 centimetres to the ridge ditch again, makes ridge up to 1 meter, 3.5 meters of the following hem widths of trapezoidal ridge.
Step 6, according to fertilising of the growing state of kiwi fruit seedling and ridging.
Embodiment 2
Cultivate the kiwi fruit nursery stock according to the following steps:
Step 1, level land, the 20 centimetres of soil in top layer are fully mixed with fertilizer, can play the effect of improving the soil, every mu of ground organic manure application rate is 5 tons.
Step 2, making ridge: the demand control ridge spacing according to compound operation between ridge is 6 meters, and ridge is high 0.5 meter, smashes the ridge ditch flat; It is trapezoidal that ridge is, 1 meter of last hem width, and 2 meters of following hem widths reduce through height-width after one to two all natural subsidence, and manual sorting is mended to the calibrated altitude width.
Step 3, field planting: the healthy and strong anosis kiwi fruit seedling of selecting to cultivate in the best planting time of fallen leaves back to late Febuary next year nursery stock is then planted.Be employed in ridge top Kai Keng and plant, cheat dark 30 centimetres, 30 centimetres of diameters, the hole spacing is 2 meters.The seedling field planting is central in the hole, execute 300 gram left and right sides fertilizers and fully mix, earthing and compacting then slightly with the fine earth that needs to cover.Water sufficient normal root water after planting, make root fully contact, and be covered with the effect that 15 to 20 cm thick stalks play water conservation with soil.Before and after the Ching Ming Festival, planting soybean seedling in the ridge ditch is removed beans bar and soybean root system after gathering in the crops soybean September.
Step 4, dig out after mixing 20 centimetres of soil in top layer of ridge ditch fully with fertilizer winter then and pile, be equivalent to dig dark 20 centimetres to the ridge ditch in the ridge waist.
Step 5, winter next year pile 20 centimetres of soil in top layer of ridge ditch in the ridge waist with digging out after fertilizer fully mixes again, are equivalent to dig dark 20 centimetres to the ridge ditch again; Make ridge up to 0.9 meter, 3 meters of the following hem widths of trapezoidal ridge.
Step 6, according to fertilising of the growing state of kiwi fruit seedling and ridging.
Claims (9)
1. the high ridge cultivation method of a kiwi fruit is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, level land;
Step 2, making ridge: 6 ~ 8 meters of control ridge spacings, ridge is high 0.5 ~ 0.6 meter, uses the topsoil making ridge, and it is trapezoidal that ridge is, and smashes the ridge ditch flat;
Step 3, field planting: Kai Keng plants on ridge top, selects healthy and strong kiwi fruit seedling to plant; Seedling is colonizated in hole central authorities, and sufficient normal root water is watered in the earthing compacting;
Step 4, winter the topsoil of ridge ditch is piled in the ridge waist with digging out after fertilizer mixes then; The topsoil of said ridge ditch is 15 ~ 20 centimetres of soil in top layer;
Step 5, winter next year pile the topsoil of ridge ditch in the ridge waist with digging out after fertilizer mixes again, make ridge up to 0.9 ~ 1 meter;
Step 6, according to fertilising of the growing state of kiwi fruit seedling and ridging.
2. the high ridge cultivation method of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the step that 15 ~ 20 centimetres of soil in top layer are mixed with fertilizer in the step 1.
3. the high ridge cultivation method of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the top of trapezoidal ridge is 0.8 ~ 1.2 meter in the step 2, and bottom is 1.6 ~ 2.4 meters.
4. like the high ridge cultivation method of the said kiwi fruit of claim 3, it is characterized in that the top of trapezoidal ridge is 1 meter in the step 2, bottom is 2 meters.
5. the high ridge cultivation method of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the hole is dark 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter in the step 3, cheats wide 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter.
6. the high ridge cultivation method of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 3 time of planting of kiwi fruit seedling for fallen leaves back then to late Febuary next year.
7. the high ridge cultivation method of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is covered with the stalk of 15 ~ 20 cm thicks after the setting-in watering of step 3 kiwi fruit seedling.
8. the high ridge cultivation method of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the topsoil of ridge ditch is 15 ~ 20 centimetres of soil in top layer in the step 5.
9. the high ridge cultivation method of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the ridge ditch is used to plant annual crops.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103222407A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-07-31 | 山东农业大学 | Method for fruit tree planting in ridging covered with organic material |
| CN104542151A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏逸夏果园有限公司 | Planting method for kiwi fruits |
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| CN102487776B (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-05 | 重庆信祥生态农业有限公司 | Field management method of kiwi fruits in seedling stage |
| CN102487774B (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-05 | 重庆鸿逸农业有限公司 | Pruning, reshaping and yield-increasing method of kiwi fruit in mountain land |
| CN102487775B (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-05 | 重庆鸿逸农业有限公司 | Root-promoting yield-increasing method of kiwi fruit |
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| CN113424741A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-09-24 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for cultivating kiwi fruits by using photovoltaic power plant |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103222407A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-07-31 | 山东农业大学 | Method for fruit tree planting in ridging covered with organic material |
| CN104542151A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏逸夏果园有限公司 | Planting method for kiwi fruits |
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