CN110226397A - A kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut - Google Patents
A kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut Download PDFInfo
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- CN110226397A CN110226397A CN201910522747.6A CN201910522747A CN110226397A CN 110226397 A CN110226397 A CN 110226397A CN 201910522747 A CN201910522747 A CN 201910522747A CN 110226397 A CN110226397 A CN 110226397A
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- queensland nut
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- 240000007575 Macadamia integrifolia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PRORZGWHZXZQMV-YTBWXGASSA-N 31432-46-9 Chemical compound N.O[15N+]([O-])=O PRORZGWHZXZQMV-YTBWXGASSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000007182 Ochroma pyramidale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019082 Osmanthus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000333181 Osmanthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut, detailed process includes: the decomposed object of covering, digs hole of applying fertilizer, filling, sandwich fertilising and fertilising and cheat to open up in due course and prolong.Fertilizing method of the invention significantly improves the liquid manure in Queensland nut garden using effect, solves the problems, such as that current mountainous region Queensland nut garden seasonal drought causes that fruit-setting rate is limited and utilization rate of fertilizer is not high, to increase the economic benefit in mountainous region Queensland nut garden.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer technical field, the drought resisting more particularly to a kind of mountainous region Queensland nut is applied
Fertile method.
Background technique
Queensland nut is Proteaceae Queensland nut category aiphyllium fruit tree, and in recent years, Queensland nut is rapidly sent out in China
It opens up, data is shown, national 279.64 ten thousand mu of cultivated area of Queensland nut in 2017, wherein Yunnan cultivated area 260.98 ten thousand
Mu, accounts for the 93.32% of national total area；In Yunnan, Queensland nut growing area based on mountainous region (including hills) geomorphic type,
Queensland nut is planted in mountainous region substantially, forms the mountain planting mode of characteristic.The mountain planting area rainfall in the region averagely exists
1000mm or more, but be unevenly distributed on space-time, winter-spring season arid is serious on the time, and spatially " water exists in lower stream, people
Eminence is anxious " be distribution of water resources situation real picture.
Key water requirement period is early flowering and setting fruit (January~March), fruit influx time (April~7 in Queensland nut 1 year
Month) and autumn growth phase (September~November), and if 2 months~May water shortage it is serious, will have a direct impact on Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit, produce
Amount and quality；Meanwhile the shortage of water resource also directly influences Queensland nut and fertilizer is absorbed and utilized.
It needs the critical period Proper Match water resource of water in Queensland nut or takes appropriate measures to become to realize that Queensland nut is high
One of good basis and key are produced, and the mountainous region Queensland nut plantation overwhelming majority because is adopted without irrigating facility or in mountainous region
Too high with irrigating facility cost, soil moisture becomes one of the factor that limitation mountainous region Queensland nut yield and quality improves, and improves
Existing water utilization rate is one of effective technology measure of Queensland nut high yield and high quality；Some researches show that Queensland nut garden makes
Soil water evaporation can be slowed down with water-retaining agent, increase soil conservation moisture ability, hence it is evident that improve the quality of Queensland nut, use
Safety, it is without side-effects, there is remarkable effect to orchard economic benefit is increased.But in actual use, water-retaining agent directly applies in soil
Or mutually mixed with organic fertilizer in application soil, after 6 months, the water-retaining agent in soil sinks by the gravity of soil itself, is native
After the digestion of the extruding of earth bonding and organic fertilizer, greatly decline when the absorbability of water-retaining agent is compared with loosing soil, still
The drought-resistant ability of mountainous region macadamia can not be improved.
Therefore, how to provide one kind can effectively improve mountainous region Queensland nut drought-resistant ability and improves its water and fertilizer utilization rate
Fertilizing method the problem of being those skilled in the art's urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, significantly improving Australia the present invention provides a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method suitable for mountainous region Queensland nut
The liquid manure in continent nut garden utilizes effect, solves current mountainous region Queensland nut garden seasonal drought and causes fruit-setting rate limited and fertilizer
The not high problem of utilization rate is expected, to increase the economic benefit in mountainous region Queensland nut garden.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut, includes the following steps:
1) cover decomposed biomass: cladding thickness is not less than the decomposed biomass of 5cm on plantation table top；
2) it digs fertilising hole: digging fertilising hole along tree crown drip；
3) it fills: before annual rainy season set, filling moisture retaining groundmass in fertilising is cheated；
4) sandwich applies fertilizer: after annual rainy season set, first the moisture retaining groundmass for being located at fertilising hole upper layer is taken out, then
Fertilizer is uniformly spilled into fertilising hole, is then uniformly mixed fertilizer with the moisture retaining groundmass part for being located at fertilising hole middle layer, finally
The upper layer moisture retaining groundmass of taking-up is backfilled；
5) fertilising hole is opened up in due course prolongs: according to Growth status state, opening up outward in due course and prolongs fertilising hole.
What above technical scheme reached has the technical effect that fertilising hole defines the main region that macadamia liquid manure absorbs
Domain, the mixture of fertilizer and moisture retaining groundmass is high-quality " medium " for ensureing liquid manure sustainable utilization in hole；Sandwich fertilising, keeps away
It has opened to apply fertilizer in rainy season and has cheated lower part excess moisture (moisture retaining groundmass absorbs and saves moisture) and dry season fertilising hole top water deficient
(moisture can be absorbed in moisture retaining groundmass, prevents water deficient) influences the problem of fertilizer absorbs；To dry season, due to moisture retaining groundmass
Slow release moisture, be deposited on after leaching be fertilising hole lower part part fertilizer since the variation of moisture can be continued by root system
It is absorbed and utilized, and then improves liquid manure uptake and utilizing status, improve the drought resistance of macadamia；To fertilising cheat into
Row is opened up the effect of prolonging, one straight hair is made to wave water conservation, fertilizer conservation in due course；Plantation table top is covered using decomposed object, can be lured
It leads the generation of macadamia row's root and promotes fine root production, and then improve absorption of the root system of tree to Phosphorus in Soil.
As currently preferred technical solution, it is described plantation table top width be not less than 1.2m, introversion ()-() °, and
Outside is 8-10cm higher than inside.
As currently preferred technical solution, the coverage area of the decomposed biomass in the step 1) are as follows: away from trunk
It is not less than 10cm outside, and is no more than the outer 30cm of tree crown drip, and keep throughout the year.
What above technical scheme reached, which have the technical effect that, defines the coverage area of decomposed object, defines macadamia
Drought-relief can be effectively performed in the growing space of root system.
Decomposed biomass as currently preferred technical solution, in the step 1) are as follows: the outer fruit of decomposed Queensland nut
Skin, decomposed stalk and decomposed weeds, and with the mixing of any weight proportion；
What above technical scheme reached, which have the technical effect that in decomposed Queensland nut exocarp, stalk and weeds, contains
Microelement abundant and probiotics can promote the growth of macadamia and the elongation of root system, to enhance macadamia
Absorb the ability of moisture.
Fertilising hole is dug as currently preferred technical solution, in the step 2) method particularly includes: in plantation table top
Or protection band, arc fertilising hole, and the specification in hole of applying fertilizer are dug outward along tree crown drip are as follows: long: 100-120cm；It is wide: 30cm；
It is deep: 30cm.
As currently preferred technical solution, in the step 3), raw material and its volume proportion that moisture retaining groundmass includes
Are as follows: 2-5 parts of decomposed Queensland nut exocarp, 0.5-2 parts of vermiculite, 0.5-2 parts of perlite and water-retaining agent 100-500g；Wherein institute
The partial size of decomposed Queensland nut exocarp is stated no more than 1cm, vermiculite partial size is 2-4mm, and perlite partial size is 2-3mm, water-retaining agent
Partial size is 0.5-1mm.
What above technical scheme reached has the technical effect that decomposed Queensland nut crust has the function of retain water and nutrients；Leech
Stone and perlite mainly play loose, ventilative and water retention, and vermiculite can appropriate microelement-supplementing；At dry season, water-retaining agent
The moisture slow release of middle absorption comes out, and pole has effectively ensured demand of the Queensland nut in dry season to liquid manure；With the age of tree
Increase, water needed for tree body is more and more, therefore the amount of the water-retaining agent added is also just more and more, assists nutwood smooth
Spend dry season.
As currently preferred technical solution, the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide.
As currently preferred technical solution, the preparation of the decomposed Queensland nut exocarp specifically includes following step
It is rapid:
(1) it crushes: mature fresh Queensland nut exocarp is crushed to the particle that partial size is not more than 1mm；
(2) decomposed: by the smashed fresh Queensland nut exocarp particle of step (1) and urea with 1 side: 1 kilogram of ratio
Example is uniformly mixed, and is placed in outdoor or indoor environment decomposed 25-30 days, and primary every the ventilation of overturning in 2-3 days, final
To decomposed Queensland nut exocarp.
As currently preferred technical solution, in the step 5) in due course open up outward prolong fertilising hole specifically include it is as follows
Operation:
(1) when tree body increases and tree crown is without departing from plantation table top, using tree crown drip as boundary, fertilising hole is expanded outward；
When tree crown reaches or exceed plantation table top, fertilising hole is dug in protection band；
(2) it will move to open up outward outside the substance in former fertilising hole and prolong in fertilising hole, keep original shape invariance, vacate
It is filled after mixing with decomposed Queensland nut exocarp and soil according to the volume ratio of 1:1 in fertilising hole.
What above technical scheme reached has the technical effect that the growth with tree body, is migrated, is opened up to fertilising hole in due course
Prolong, the position in hole of applying fertilizer and " tree " are all into absorption conducive to tree body to nutriment.
As currently preferred technical solution, the step 4) further include: when dry season arrives after Withdrawal, with
Overlay film Manure Mulching hole, until rainy season set next time.
What above technical scheme reached has the technical effect that overlay film covering can reduce the evaporation of moisture, avoids at dry season
Macadamia is excessively arid.
It can be seen via above technical scheme that compared with prior art, the present disclosure provides one kind to be suitable for mountainous region Australia
The drought resisting fertilizing method of continent nut, what is reached has the technical effect that
1, the present invention is provided with the platform that macadamia liquid manure in mountainous region is persistently supplied, firstly, excavating table top, " unification "
Mountainous region macadamia Root growing space, and carry out decomposed object covering, drought-relief is effectively performed；And it is used
Decomposed object can induce the generation of macadamia row's root and promote fine root production, and then improve suction to Phosphorus in Soil
It receives, macadamia growth and phosphor resource is promoted efficiently to utilize.
2, the main region that fertilising hole " confirmation " mountainous region macadamia liquid manure absorbs, in hole mixture (fertilizer with
Moisture retaining groundmass) it is high-quality " medium " for ensureing liquid manure sustainable utilization；In rainy season water swelling, (water-retaining agent inhales pure water times to water-retaining agent
Number is that about 300), to dry season, the moisture slow release absorbed in water-retaining agent is come out, and pole has effectively ensured that Queensland nut exists
Demand of the dry season to liquid manure.
3, sandwich applies fertilizer, and avoids and " applies in rainy season fertilising hole lower part (fertile material layer lower part) excess moisture and dry season
Fertilizer hole " top (above fertilizer layer) water deficient influences the problem of fertilizer is inhaled.
4, using " cooperation " soil formed after decomposed pericarp and soil cooperation, the mixed of original " fertilising hole " position is substituted
Object is closed, the function of playing water conservation, fertilizer conservation is continued to, old hole is new to be used.
5, the method for the present invention is easy to operate, saves labor, and labor intensity is small, and natural precipitation can be significantly improved after application
Utilization rate saves 60% or more maintenance cost instead of artificial watering, and water-retaining agent applies 1 time, reusable 3-4.
Specific embodiment
Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art institute without making creative work
The every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 prepares moisture retaining groundmass
(1) mature fresh Queensland nut exocarp the production of decomposed Queensland nut exocarp: is ground into partial size 1cm
Within particle, then according to the ratio of+1 kilogram of urea of 1 cube of Queensland nut exocarp, ferment in the open 30 days, during which every
It turns within 2 days and smashes ventilation once；Obtain decomposed Queensland nut exocarp；
(2) by above-mentioned steps (1) obtain 3 parts of Queensland nut exocarp mixed with 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of perlite；
(3) by obtained by step (2) respectively with 100g polyacrylamide, 200g polyacrylamide, 300g polyacrylamide,
400g polyacrylamide and the mixing of 500g polyacrylamide, obtain different moisture retaining groundmass 1-5.
Embodiment 2 applies fertilizer to macadamia and carries out the comparison (high yield period fruit tree) of effect
Enforcement place overview: the Queensland nut of the Yunnan Prov. Inst. of Tropical Crops Science in Yunnan Province, the township Jing Ha, Jinghong City
It is carried out in proving ground.Test site is located at 22.05 ° of north latitude, and 100.80 ° of east longitude, 22.4 DEG C of samming of the ground 2 years is average annual to steam
Hair amount 1386.2mm, 8114.3 DEG C, annual rainfall 1185.8mm, height above sea level 820m of >=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature, implementing ground slope aspect is southwest
Slope, 6 ° -15 ° of the gradient, red soil, pH value 4.58, middle fertility.
Varieties of plant has: O.C, HEAS344, HEAS294, HEAS788, HEAS246, HEAS800, HEAS 695 etc. 16
A kind, wherein planting proportion shared by O.C and HEAS344 is larger, 15% or more.
Select kind HAES344 for objective for implementation, the age of tree 21 years, sealed row between strain, planting density be 4.0m ×
7.0m。
Operating method: on March 20th, 2018 uses this method；Select 10 trees as observation tree, specific fertilization mode is such as
Under:
1) decomposed object is covered: on plantation table top, 10cm outside the outer 20cm to macadamia trunk of tree crown drip, and
Covering throughout the year, cladding thickness are the decomposed object of 5cm；Decomposed object includes: fruit outside decomposed Queensland nut according to any weight
Skin, decomposed stalk and decomposed weeds.
2) it digs fertilising hole: on plantation table top, digging arc shape fertilising hole outward along tree crown drip or protection band, and apply
The specification in fertilizer hole are as follows: long: 100cm；It is wide: 40cm；It is deep: 35cm；
3) it fills: before annual rainy season set, filling moisture retaining groundmass in fertilising is cheated, moisture retaining groundmass is according to volume parts
Proportion includes: 2 parts of decomposed Queensland nut exocuticle, 0.5 part of vermiculite and 0.5 part of perlite, while adding polyacrylamide
500g is uniformly mixed, and the partial size of vermiculite is 4mm, and the partial size of perlite is 3mm, spare；
4) sandwich applies fertilizer: it applies fertilizer in rainy season, first takes out fertilising hole upper layer 10cm moisture retaining groundmass, fertilizer is uniform
It is sprinkled into hole, this total fertilization amount is 500g/ plants, including 450g compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:4:12), and add
50g isotope nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium state ammonium nitrate-15N, abundance 10%, is provided by Shanghai Chemical Research Inst), it is divided into two parts application fertilising
In hole, fertilizer and lower part moisture retaining groundmass (5cm depth) are suitably stirred evenly with rake, then the moisture retaining groundmass of taking-up is backfilled；
5) in dry season, with film Manure Mulching hole, until rainy season set；
6) fertilising hole is opened up in due course prolongs:
(1) will be moved outside the mixture of the water-retaining agent matrix in former fertilising hole and fertilizer, after outer shifting, the fertilising hole vacated with
Decomposed Queensland nut exocarp and soil is filled according to the volume proportion of 1:1；
(2) it using tree crown drip as boundary, digs pit again according to the specification that above-mentioned fertilising is cheated
(3) it when tree crown reaches or beyond plantation mesa edge, needs to dig fertilising again in protection band.
Wherein, plantation table top width is 2.5m, and the outside for planting table top is 9cm higher than inside；Fertilising hole is excavated before dry season,
The soil dug out does weir along table top outer rim, pays attention to retaining root system when digging pit, the root system for destroying fertilising hole position of trying not.
Comparative example 2-1
Test site, overview choose 10 trees in a conventional way with embodiment 2: digging into row along tree crown place of dripping and apply
Fertilizer.
Conventional method: semi-ring tree digs the dressing furrow of width 20cm, depth 20cm near tree crown drip, and fertilizer is uniformly spread
It applies in ditch, and earthing.
In order to preferably compare implementation result, existing I has carried out tracking comparison using isotope nitrogenous fertilizer, and isotope nitrogenous fertilizer is
Ammonium state ammonium nitrate-15N, abundance 10%, is provided by Shanghai Chemical Research Inst；In the first tenday period of a month in June, 2018 fertilising, 50g equivalent nitrogen
Fertilizer uses isotope nitrogenous fertilizer instead, remaining is the base conventional amount used, using the macadamia and Routine control method of the method
Each 5 plants of application, and isotope nitrogen content is had detected in mid-November, 2018 acquisition Macadamia Leaf, measure arid
Season (the 3-4 month) 0-40cm soil moisture in layer, and soil test soil phophorus enzymatic activity is acquired, September carries out survey production, the results are shown in Table one；
Table one
As shown in Table 1: being applied fertilizer using the fertilizing method in embodiment 2, arid season (the 3-4 month) 0-40cm soil layer contains
Water improves 37.97%, and Activities of Phosphatase in Soil is 2.08 times (the 0-20cm soil layers) and 2.12 times of (20-40cm soil of control
Layer)；Queensland nut single plant average product is than comparative example 2-1 volume increase 22.91%；By detecting the content of isotope nitrogen, using reality
The fertilizing method Macadamia Leaf isotope nitrogen abundance for applying example 2 is 0.67%, and use the fertilizing method of comparative example 2-1
Isotope nitrogen abundance is only 0.47%, improves 42.53% on year-on-year basis.As it can be seen that using the drought resisting fertilizing method of embodiment 2, Ke Yixian
Write the utilization rate for improving Queensland nut yield and improving fertilizer.
Embodiment 3 applies fertilizer to macadamia and carries out the comparison (first term fruit tree) of effect
Enforcement place: Yun County just at the Queensland nut planting base of agricultural development Co., Ltd, is located at Lincang City, Yunnan Province
Yun County Aiwa town community, the village Mao Jia cork wood Lin Zuyue, 24 ° 27 ' 25 of north latitude " 100 ° 09 ' 36 of east longitude ", altitude 1300m~
1350m, is planted, wherein O.C, HEAS344 etc. plant 6-7, A4, A16, osmanthus for 2011 by 180 mu of Queensland nut cultivated area
Heat 1 is waited plantation 4-5, remaining kind has HEAS294, HEAS 695 etc..
Select HEAS344 for objective for implementation, the age of tree 6 years, not yet envelope row, planting density were 4.0 m × 7.0m between strain.
Operating method: on March 20th, 2018 uses this method；Select 10 trees as observation tree, specific fertilization mode is such as
Under:
1) decomposed object is covered: on plantation table top, 10cm outside the outer 30cm to macadamia trunk of tree crown drip, and
Covering throughout the year, cladding thickness are the decomposed object of 8cm；Decomposed object includes: fruit outside decomposed Queensland nut according to any weight
Skin, decomposed stalk and decomposed weeds.
2) it digs fertilising hole: on plantation table top, digging arc shape fertilising hole outward along tree crown drip or protection band, and apply
The specification in fertilizer hole are as follows: long: 120cm；It is wide: 35cm；It is deep: 32cm；
3) it fills: before annual rainy season set, filling moisture retaining groundmass in fertilising is cheated, moisture retaining groundmass is according to volume parts
Proportion includes: 3 parts of decomposed Queensland nut exocuticle, 1 part of vermiculite and 1 part of perlite, while adding polyacrylamide 300g, is mixed
It closes uniformly, the partial size of vermiculite is 3mm, and the partial size of perlite is 2mm, spare；
4) sandwich applies fertilizer: when fertilising, first taking out the moisture retaining groundmass of fertilising hole upper layer 10cm, fertilizer is uniformly spread
Enter in hole, this total fertilization amount is 300g/ plants, including 260g compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:4:12), and add
40g isotope nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium state ammonium nitrate-15N, abundance 10%, is provided by Shanghai Chemical Research Inst), it is divided into two parts application fertilising
In hole, fertilizer and lower part mixture (5cm depth) are suitably stirred evenly with rake etc., then the mixture of taking-up is backfilled；
5) in dry season, with film Manure Mulching hole, until rainy season set；
6) fertilising hole is opened up in due course prolongs:
(1) will be moved outside the mixture of the water-retaining agent matrix in former fertilising hole and fertilizer, after outer shifting, the fertilising hole vacated with
Decomposed Queensland nut exocarp and soil is filled according to the volume proportion of 1:1；
(2) it using tree crown drip as boundary, digs pit again according to the specification that above-mentioned fertilising is cheated
(3) it when tree crown reaches or beyond plantation mesa edge, needs to dig fertilising again in protection band.
Wherein, plantation table top width is 3m, and the outside for planting table top is 8cm higher than inside；Fertilising hole is excavated before dry season, is dug
Soil out does weir along table top outer rim, pays attention to retaining root system when digging pit, the root system for destroying fertilising hole position of trying not.
Comparative example 3-1
Test site, overview choose 10 trees and apply fertilizer in the method for comparative example 2-1 with embodiment 3.
In order to preferably compare implementation result, existing I has carried out tracking comparison using isotope nitrogenous fertilizer, and isotope nitrogenous fertilizer is
Ammonium state ammonium nitrate-15N, abundance 10%, is provided by Shanghai Chemical Research Inst；In the first tenday period of a month in June, 2018 fertilising, 40g equivalent nitrogen
Fertilizer uses isotope nitrogenous fertilizer instead, remaining is the base conventional amount used, using the macadamia and Routine control method of the method
Each 5 plants of application, and isotope nitrogen content is had detected in mid-November, 2018 acquisition Macadamia Leaf, measure arid
Season (the 3-4 month) 0-40cm soil moisture in layer, and soil test soil phophorus enzymatic activity is acquired, September carries out survey production, the results are shown in Table two；
Table two
As shown in Table 2: using the fertilizing method of embodiment 3, arid season (the 3-4 month) 0-40cm soil moisture in layer is improved
24.32%, Activities of Phosphatase in Soil is 3.12 times (the 0-20cm soil layers) of comparative example 3-1 and 2.33 times (20-40cm soil layer)；
Queensland nut single plant average product is than comparative example 3-1 volume increase 30.25%；By detecting the content of isotope nitrogen, using embodiment
3 fertilizing method Macadamia Leaf isotope nitrogen accounts for the 0.88% of LTN content, and use comparative example 2-1 is only
0.61%, 44.26% is improved on year-on-year basis.As it can be seen that Queensland nut production can be significantly improved using the drought resisting fertilizing method of embodiment 3
Amount and the utilization rate for improving fertilizer.
Embodiment 4 applies fertilizer to macadamia and carries out the comparison (growth period) of effect
Enforcement place: Australia positioned at the township Menghai County Ge Langhe of Xishuangbanna green field agriculture and forestry science and technology Development Co., Ltd
Nut planting base, 21 ° 58 ' 49.08 of north latitude " 100 ° 37 ' 13.11 of east longitude ", for altitude in 1 230m~1320m, Australia is hard
It 3200 mu of fruit cultivated area, plants within 2014, main varieties of plant has OC, HEAS344, H2, HEAS294, HEAS788 etc.,
Middle HEAS344 kind plant accounts for 55% or more.
Select HEAS344 for objective for implementation, the age of tree 3 years, between strain not yet envelope row, not yet go into operation, planting density be 4.0m ×
7.0m。
Operating method: on March 15th, 2018 uses this method；Select 10 trees as observation tree respectively, specific steps are such as
Under:
1) decomposed object is covered: on plantation table top, 10cm outside the outer 25cm to macadamia trunk of tree crown drip, and
Covering throughout the year, cladding thickness are the decomposed object of 10cm；Decomposed object includes: outside decomposed Queensland nut according to any weight
Pericarp, decomposed stalk and decomposed weeds.
2) it digs fertilising hole: on plantation table top, digging arc shape fertilising hole outward along tree crown drip or protection band, and apply
The specification in fertilizer hole are as follows: long: 110cm；It is wide: 30cm；It is deep: 30cm；
3) it fills: before annual rainy season set, filling moisture retaining groundmass in fertilising is cheated, moisture retaining groundmass is according to volume parts
Proportion includes: 5 parts of decomposed Queensland nut exocuticle, 2 parts of vermiculite and 2 parts of perlite, while adding polyacrylamide 200g, is mixed
It closes uniformly, the partial size of vermiculite is 2mm, and the partial size of perlite is 2.5mm, spare；
4) sandwich applies fertilizer: when fertilising, first taking out the moisture retaining groundmass of fertilising hole upper layer 10cm, fertilizer is uniformly spread
Enter in hole, this total fertilization amount is 200g/ plants, including 180g compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:4:12), and add
20g isotope nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium state ammonium nitrate-15N, abundance 10%, is provided by Shanghai Chemical Research Inst), it is divided into two parts application fertilising
In hole, fertilizer and lower part mixture (5cm depth) are suitably stirred evenly with rake etc., then the mixture of taking-up is backfilled；
5) in dry season, with film Manure Mulching hole, until rainy season set；
6) fertilising hole is opened up in due course prolongs:
(1) will be moved outside the mixture of the water-retaining agent matrix in former fertilising hole and fertilizer, after outer shifting, the fertilising hole vacated with
Decomposed Queensland nut exocarp and soil is filled according to the volume proportion of 1:1；
(2) it using tree crown drip as boundary, digs pit again according to the specification that above-mentioned fertilising is cheated
(3) it when tree crown reaches or beyond plantation mesa edge, needs to dig fertilising again in protection band.
Wherein, plantation table top width is 2.5m, and the outside for planting table top is 10cm higher than inside；Fertilising hole is excavated before dry season,
The soil dug out does weir along table top outer rim, pays attention to retaining root system when digging pit, the root system for destroying fertilising hole position of trying not.
Comparative example 4-1
Test site, overview choose 10 trees and apply fertilizer in the method for comparative example 2-1 with embodiment 4.
In order to preferably compare implementation result, existing I has carried out tracking comparison using isotope nitrogenous fertilizer, and isotope nitrogenous fertilizer is
Ammonium state ammonium nitrate-15N, abundance 10%, is provided by Shanghai Chemical Research Inst；In the first tenday period of a month in June, 2018 fertilising, 20g equivalent nitrogen
Fertilizer uses isotope nitrogenous fertilizer instead, remaining is the base conventional amount used, using the macadamia and Routine control method of the method
Each 5 plants of application, and isotope nitrogen content is had detected in mid-November, 2018 acquisition Macadamia Leaf, measure arid
Season (the 3-4 month) 0-40cm soil moisture in layer, and soil test soil phophorus enzymatic activity is acquired, due to not yet going into operation, so not producing
Amount, the results are shown in Table three；
Table three
As shown in Table 3: using the fertilizing method of embodiment 4, arid season (the 3-4 month) 0-40cm soil moisture in layer is improved
25.93%, Activities of Phosphatase in Soil is 2.49 times (the 0-20cm soil layers) of comparative example 3-1 and 2.32 times (20-40cm soil layer)；
By detect isotope nitrogen content, use the fertilizing method Macadamia Leaf isotope nitrogen abundance of embodiment 4 for
0.95%, and using the isotope nitrogen abundance of the fertilizing method of comparative example 4-1 is only 0.63%, improves 50.79% on year-on-year basis.It can
See, using the drought resisting fertilizing method of embodiment 4, the utilization rate of fertilizer can be significantly improved.
By embodiment 2,3,4, comparative example 2-1, comparative example 3-1, comparative example 4-1 are it is found that utilize fertilising side of the invention
Method, more conventional fertilizing method are remarkably improved the drought-resistant ability and water and fertilizer utilization rate of macadamia.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with its
The difference of his embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.For being filled disclosed in embodiment
For setting, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so being described relatively simple, related place is referring to method portion
It defends oneself bright.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, defined herein
General Principle can realize in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, originally
Invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to special with principles disclosed herein and novelty
The consistent widest scope of point.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
1) cover decomposed biomass: cladding thickness is not less than the decomposed biomass of 5cm on plantation table top；
2) it digs fertilising hole: digging fertilising hole along tree crown drip；
3) it fills: before annual rainy season set, filling moisture retaining groundmass in fertilising is cheated；
4) sandwich applies fertilizer: after annual rainy season set, the moisture retaining groundmass that will be first located at fertilising hole upper layer is taken out, then by fertilizer
It is uniformly spilled into fertilising hole, fertilizer is uniformly mixed with the moisture retaining groundmass part for being located at fertilising hole middle layer then, will finally be taken out
Upper layer moisture retaining groundmass backfill；
5) fertilising hole is opened up in due course prolongs: according to Growth status state, opening up outward in due course and prolongs fertilising hole.
2. a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the plantation platform
Face is mountainous region terrace-type platform, and the width of platform is not less than 1.2m, and outside is 8-10cm higher than inside.
3. a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the step 1)
In decomposed biomass coverage area are as follows: away from being not less than 10cm outside trunk, and be no more than the outer 30cm of tree crown drip, and often
Year keeps.
4. a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the step 1)
In decomposed biomass are as follows: decomposed Queensland nut exocarp, decomposed stalk and decomposed weeds, and with any weight proportion mixing；
The wherein decomposed Queensland nut exocarp, decomposed stalk and the particle size range of decomposed weeds.
5. a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2)
It is middle to dig what fertilising was cheated method particularly includes: in plantation table top or protection band, to dig arc fertilising hole outward along tree crown drip, and apply fertilizer
The specification in hole are as follows: long: 100-120cm；It is wide: 30-40cm；It is deep: 30-35cm.
6. a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3)
In, raw material and its volume proportion that moisture retaining groundmass includes are as follows: 2-5 parts of decomposed Queensland nut exocarp, 0.5-2 parts of vermiculite, pearl
0.5-2 parts of rock and water-retaining agent 100-500g；Wherein the partial size of the decomposed Queensland nut exocarp is not more than 1cm, vermiculite partial size
For 2-4mm, perlite partial size is 2-3mm, and water-retaining agent partial size is 0.5-1mm.
7. a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the water-retaining agent
For polyacrylamide.
8. the drought resisting fertilizing method of -7 any mountainous region Queensland nuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described decomposed
The preparation of Queensland nut exocarp specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) it crushes: mature fresh Queensland nut exocarp is crushed to the particle that partial size is not more than 1mm；
(2) decomposed: by the smashed fresh Queensland nut exocarp particle of step (1) and urea with 1 side: 1 kilogram of ratio is mixed
It closes uniformly, is placed in outdoor or indoor environment decomposed 25-30 days, and is primary every the ventilation of overturning in 2-3 days, finally obtain decomposed
Queensland nut exocarp.
9. a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the step 5)
In in due course open up outward prolong fertilising hole specifically include following operation:
(1) when tree body increases and tree crown is without departing from plantation table top, using tree crown drip as boundary, fertilising hole is expanded outward；It is setting
When hat reaches or exceed plantation table top, fertilising hole is dug in protection band；
(2) it will move to open up outward outside the substance in former fertilising hole and prolong in fertilising hole, keep original shape invariance, the fertilising hole vacateed
It is filled after mixing with decomposed Queensland nut exocarp and soil according to the volume ratio of 1-1.5:1.
10. a kind of drought resisting fertilizing method of mountainous region Queensland nut according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
4) further include: when dry season arrives after Withdrawal, with overlay film Manure Mulching hole, until rainy season set next time.
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Application publication date: 20190913 |