CN102487774B - Pruning, reshaping and yield-increasing method of kiwi fruit in mountain land - Google Patents
Pruning, reshaping and yield-increasing method of kiwi fruit in mountain land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a pruning, reshaping and yield-increasing method of kiwi fruit in a mountain land. The method comprises the following steps: shearing the tip of the main stem of the kiwi fruit so that two buds at the upper end are cultured to form main branches and tendrils which respectively grow along the two sides of a shed frame; shearing and removing unnecessary main branches and tendrils and binding the branches and tendrils in parallel at the end of the year; in the second year, leaving axillary buds at the even number positions of the main branches and tendrils to be used as fruiting mother branches in the same year, and eliminating the axillary buds at the odd number positions of the main branches and tendrils to be used as the fruiting mother branches in the next year; and after fruiting on the fruiting mother branches and harvesting, pruning the fruiting mother branches in the end of the same year so that new buds can grow in the next year and become growing branches, in such a way, alternatively culturing and pruning the axillary buds at the even and odd number positions and the fruiting mother branches, and culturing and pruning repeatedly and circularly annually. The method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that unnecessary branches are sheared and removed annually and abstemiously according to different positions and a planned way, the unnecessary axillary buds are eliminated, fruiting branches after harvesting are sheared and removed, the fruiting mother branches and the growing branches alternatively develop and mature annually, and nutrition substances in soil are concentrated to mainly be supplied to fruits, so that the yield per mu is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of kiwi fruit, particularly a kind of mountain region kiwi fruit trimming and finishing high yield method.
Background technology
Kiwi fruit is a kind of liana fruit, and cultivation history is long in China, substantially is distributed in warm area and the north subtropical mountain region of 23 °-34 ° of north latitude; Its fruits nutrition is abundant, and total sugar content is 8%-14%, is mainly wherein glucose, next is fructose, and acidity is larger, and total acidity is 1.2%-2.0%, also containing in addition the mineral matters such as 12 seed amino acids, rich in protein and calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, is one of nutritious fruit; Due to Kiwi berry nutritious comprehensive, abundant, contain the indispensable important substance of some human bodies, therefore, to keeping health, preventing and curing diseases has important effect.Many edible kiwi fruits can prevent senile osteoporosis; Suppress cholesterol in the deposition of Wall of Artery, thereby prevent and treat arteriosclerosis; Can improve myocardial function, prevent and treat cardiopathy etc., at anticancer aspect, have and suppress the mutagenesis of nitrosamine to tissue in enteron aisle, after the edible kiwi fruit of some carninomatosis people, can alleviate apocleisis and cachexia, can also alleviate patient and make the side effect or the toxic reaction that produce in roentgen radiation x and chemotherapy, how edible kiwi fruit, also have to stop and produce too much peroxide in body, have nourishing and fit keeping function, reducing fever and causing diuresis, stomach invigorating, moisturize, prevent the formation of senile plaque, the effect of delaying human body caducity.Therefore the market demand of kiwi fruit is very large, and all there is cultivation various places.
In the cultivation management of kiwi fruit, the plant training is the key technology that affects kiwi fruit output and quality, present known technology is generally that to extend to form 2 major branches to frame both sides climing, cultivate 1 side shoot with the climing vertical direction of major branch every 25-40 cm, with the climing perpendicular direction of major branch, staggered to both sides along crossbeam, bearing basal shoot and fruit bearing shoot are by pumping on side shoot.When collateral generation surpasses the crossbeam outermost end, adopt cutting back to combine with sparse branching when liftoff 50-60 cm, the pruning that combines of long, medium and short branch; To the pruning of water sprout, generally stay 5-6 bud cutting back, make it sprout 2-3 branch; To the long fruit bearing shoot of excessive growth, generally cut on setting fruit position in last year and stay 3-4 bud; Long fruit branch and medium fruit branch are cut stayed 2-3 bud; This method has a lot of shortcomings, is mainly the yield potential that can not bring into play kiwi fruit, is secondly that water sprout still exists, and has consumed nutrition, and ventilation and daylighting are all very poor besides, has a strong impact on monomer weight and the quality of kiwifruit fruit.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of mountain region kiwi fruit trimming and finishing method that nutriment is concentrated on bearing basal shoot and the branch of bearing fruit, to increase the nutrition supply of kiwifruit fruit, improve the quality of kiwifruit fruit, increase kiwi fruit single fruit weight, improve per mu yield.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is mountain region kiwi fruit trimming and finishing high yield method, and concrete grammar is:
⑴ 5-7 month, when the kiwi fruit trunk grows to 200cm-210cm when high, cut point at the 180cm place, from cut send sprouting below sharp blade after, only stay two of upper ends bud, and it is climing that it is cultivated into major branch, make it respectively along frame both sides growth.
⑵ during November to Second Year February then, after kiwi fruit plant fallen leaves, wipe out redundance at the climing 140cm of major branch place, and parallel tie up climing.
⑶ Second Year will grow 11-15 sheet leaf and axillalry bud on major branch is climing, from the climing growth base portion number of major branch, stay the axillalry bud of even numbers position as the bearing basal shoot in the second year, erase the axillalry bud of odd number position as the bearing basal shoot of cultivating the 3rd year.
⑷ cut point when bearing basal shoot grows 100cm, cut point when then continuing to grow to 140cm again.
⑸ at the bottom of Second Year, the female branch of fruit bearing shoot that is in the even numbers position on major branch is climing grows fruit bearing shoot and bears fruit, and is in the axillalry bud that growth is made new advances of odd number position and becomes the branch of growing up, as the female branch of bearing fruit of succeeding year.
⑹ after bearing basal shoot was born fruit and plucked, the bearing basal shoot that prune away apart from the climing 3-5cm of major branch place at bearing basal shoot when the end of the year made grow sprouting its next year and becomes and grow up.
⑺ so with axillalry bud and alternately cultivation and the pruning of bearing basal shoot of single even numbers position, the year-by-year iterative cycles operates.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows year-by-year, Divisional, planned, abstemiously wipe out unnecessary branch, the unnecessary axillalry bud of erasing, wipe out the branch of bearing fruit after gathering, can make like this bearing basal shoot and become the long shoot year-by-year alternately to reach maturity, concentrate the nutriment in soil, main supply fruit, improve kiwi fruit type outward appearance and tree vigo(u)r, increase single fruit weight and fruit quality, improve per mu yield.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the dried branch morphosis schematic diagram after the climing training of kiwi fruit stem.
In figure: 1, the branch of bearing fruit, 2, become long shoot, 3, bearing basal shoot, 4, major branch is climing, 5, trunk.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1.
2006-2010, the inventor organizes the orchard worker to carry out kiwi fruit trimming and finishing high yield method experiment and demonstration in 100 mu of mountain regions of religion dawn village, the flat triumphant street of Xiushan kiwi fruit Demonstration Base, wherein 80 mu are adopted this method, and 20 mu are adopted common trimming method operation; In May, 2007, when kiwi fruit trunk 5 grows to 200cm-210cm when high, cut point at the 180cm place, from cut send sprouting below sharp blade after, only stay two of upper ends bud, and it is climing 4 that it is cultivated into major branch, makes it respectively along frame both sides growth; During year February in November to 2008 then, after kiwi fruit plant fallen leaves, wipe out unnecessary main portion at the 140cm place of major branch climing 4, and parallel tie up climing; Then, major branch climing 4 will grow 11-15 sheet leaf and axillalry bud, from the growth base portion number of major branch climing 4, stay the axillalry bud of even numbers position as the bearing basal shoot 3 of current year.Erase the axillalry bud of odd number position as the one-tenth long shoot 2 of cultivating for 2008 years and the bearing basal shoot 3 of 2009; Cut point when bearing basal shoot 3 grows 100cm, cut again point when then continuing to grow to 140cm; In the end of the year 2008, the female branch 3 of fruit bearing shoot that is in the even numbers position on major branch climing 4 grows the branch 1 and bearing fruit of bearing fruit, and is in the axillalry bud that growth is made new advances of odd number position and becomes the branch 2 of growing up, as the bearing basal shoot 3 in 2009 years; After the bearing basal shoot 3 of 2008 was born fruit and plucked, the bearing basal shoot 3 that prune away apart from the 3-5cm place of major branch climing 4 at bearing basal shoot 3 when the end of the year made grow sprouting its next year and becomes the one-tenth long shoot 2 in 2009 years; So with axillalry bud and alternately cultivation and the pruning of bearing basal shoot 3 of single even numbers position, the year-by-year iterative cycles operates; After operating like this, the kiwifruit fruit substance increases greatly, and per mu yield also is greatly enhanced.Its contrast effect table is as follows:
The contrast effect sees Table 1: kiwi fruit per mu yield statistical form unit: kg/acre
| ? | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
| The inventive method | Do not bear fruit then | 278 | 481 | 625 |
| Common trimming method | Do not bear fruit then | 211.5 | 410.7 | 513 |
Embodiment 2.
2006-2010, the inventor organized the orchard worker to carry out kiwi fruit trimming and finishing high yield method experiment and demonstration in 80 mu of mountain regions of peace village, Xiushan Cenxi township kiwi fruit Demonstration Base, and wherein 60 mu are adopted the inventive method, and 10 mu are adopted common trimming method; In May, 2007, when kiwi fruit trunk 5 grows to 200cm-210cm when high, cut point at the 180cm place, from cut send sprouting below sharp blade after, only stay two of upper ends bud, and it is climing 4 that it is cultivated into major branch, makes it respectively along frame both sides growth; During year February in November to 2008 then, after kiwi fruit plant fallen leaves, wipe out redundance at the 140cm place of major branch climing 4, and parallel tie up climing; Then, major branch climing 4 will grow 11-15 sheet leaf and axillalry bud, from the growth base portion number of major branch climing 4, stay the axillalry bud of even numbers position as the bearing basal shoot 3 of current year.Erase the axillalry bud of odd number position as the one-tenth long shoot 2 of cultivating for 2008 years and the bearing basal shoot 3 of 2009; Cut point when bearing basal shoot 3 grows 100cm, cut again point when then continuing to grow to 140cm; In the end of the year 2008, the female branch 3 of fruit bearing shoot that is in the even numbers position on major branch climing 4 grows the branch 1 and bearing fruit of bearing fruit, and is in the axillalry bud that growth is made new advances of odd number position and becomes the branch 2 of growing up, as the bearing basal shoot 3 in 2009 years; After the bearing basal shoot 3 of 2008 was born fruit and plucked, the bearing basal shoot 3 that prune away apart from the 3-5cm place of major branch climing 4 at bearing basal shoot 3 when the end of the year made grow sprouting its next year and becomes the one-tenth long shoot 2 in 2009 years; So with axillalry bud and alternately cultivation and the pruning of bearing basal shoot 3 of single even numbers position, the year-by-year iterative cycles operates; After operating like this, the kiwifruit fruit substance increases greatly, and per mu yield also is greatly enhanced.Its contrast effect table is as follows:
The contrast effect sees Table 2: kiwi fruit per mu yield statistical form unit: kg/acre
| ? | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
| The inventive method | Do not bear fruit then | 268 | 485 | 617 |
| Common trimming method | Do not bear fruit then | 212 | 416 | 503.5 |
Embodiment 3.
2006-2010, the inventor organized the orchard worker to carry out kiwi fruit trimming and finishing high yield method experiment and demonstration in 50 mu of mountain regions of Qianjiang District of Chongqing sand bar township arteries and veins East Village kiwi fruit Demonstration Base, and wherein 40 mu are adopted the inventive method, and 10 mu are adopted common trimming methods; In May, 2007, when kiwi fruit trunk 5 grows to 200cm-210cm when high, cut point at the 180cm place, from cut send sprouting below sharp blade after, only stay two of upper ends bud, and it is climing 4 that it is cultivated into major branch, makes it respectively along frame both sides growth; During year February in November to 2008 then, after kiwi fruit plant fallen leaves, wipe out redundance at the 140cm place of major branch climing 4, and parallel tie up climing; Then, major branch climing 4 will grow 11-15 sheet leaf and axillalry bud, from the growth base portion number of major branch climing 4, stay the axillalry bud of even numbers position as the bearing basal shoot 3 of current year.Erase the axillalry bud of odd number position as the one-tenth long shoot 2 of cultivating for 2008 years and the bearing basal shoot 3 of 2009; Cut point when bearing basal shoot 3 grows 100cm, cut again point when then continuing to grow to 140cm; In the end of the year 2008, the female branch 3 of fruit bearing shoot that is in the even numbers position on major branch climing 4 grows the branch 1 and bearing fruit of bearing fruit, and is in the axillalry bud that growth is made new advances of odd number position and becomes the branch 2 of growing up, as the bearing basal shoot 3 in 2009 years; After the bearing basal shoot 3 of 2008 was born fruit and plucked, the bearing basal shoot 3 that prune away apart from the 3-5cm place of major branch climing 4 at bearing basal shoot 3 when the end of the year made grow sprouting its next year and becomes the one-tenth long shoot 2 in 2009 years; So with axillalry bud and alternately cultivation and the pruning of bearing basal shoot 3 of single even numbers position, the year-by-year iterative cycles operates; After operating like this, the kiwifruit fruit substance increases greatly, and per mu yield also is greatly enhanced.Its contrast effect table is as follows:
The contrast effect sees Table 3: kiwi fruit per mu yield statistical form unit: kg/acre
| ? | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
| The inventive method | Do not bear fruit then | 285 | 495 | 635 |
| Common trimming method | Do not bear fruit then | 231 | 426 | 513 |
Claims (1)
1. mountain region kiwi fruit trimming and finishing high yield method is characterized in that concrete steps are:
⑴ 5-7 month, when the kiwi fruit trunk grows to 200cm-210cm when high, cut point at the 180cm place, from cut send sprouting below sharp blade after, only stay two of upper ends bud, and it is climing that it is cultivated into major branch, make it respectively along frame both sides growth;
⑵ during November to Second Year February then, after kiwi fruit plant fallen leaves, wipe out redundance at the climing 140cm of major branch place, and parallel tie up climing;
⑶ Second Year will grow 11-15 sheet leaf and axillalry bud on major branch is climing, from the climing growth base portion number of major branch, stay the axillalry bud of even numbers position as the bearing basal shoot in the second year, erase the axillalry bud of odd number position as the bearing basal shoot of cultivating the 3rd year;
⑷ cut point when bearing basal shoot grows 100cm, again cut point when then continuing to grow to 140cm;
⑸ at the bottom of Second Year, the female branch of fruit bearing shoot that is in the even numbers position on major branch is climing grows the branch and bearing fruit of bearing fruit, and is in the axillalry bud that growth is made new advances of odd number position and becomes the branch of growing up, as the female branch of bearing fruit of succeeding year;
⑹ after bearing basal shoot was born fruit and plucked, the bearing basal shoot that prune away apart from the climing 3-5cm of major branch place at bearing basal shoot when the end of the year made grow sprouting its next year and becomes and grow up;
⑺ so with axillalry bud and alternately cultivation and the pruning of bearing basal shoot of single even numbers position, the year-by-year iterative cycles operates.
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| CN108925349A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-04 | 江西绿萌科技控股有限公司 | A kind of short wall type Kiwi berry implantation methods |
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| CN107114197A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-01 | 贵州省园艺研究所 | Chinese gooseberry trunk umbellate form pruning method |
| CN108925349A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-04 | 江西绿萌科技控股有限公司 | A kind of short wall type Kiwi berry implantation methods |
| CN109121981A (en) * | 2018-09-15 | 2019-01-04 | 江西绿萌科技控股有限公司 | A kind of summer pruning formula Kiwi berry implantation methods |
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