CN114731817A - Self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep placement operation method suitable for liquid fertilizer - Google Patents
Self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep placement operation method suitable for liquid fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep-loosening and deep-fertilizing operation method suitable for liquid fertilizers. The self-flowing deep fertilization operation system comprises a fertilizer storage device, a fertilizer conveying device, a fertilizer collecting device and a fertilizer deep fertilization channel; the fertilizer storage device is used for storing liquid fertilizer. The method can well utilize natural landforms, realize the gravity flow type deep-fertilizing operation in mountains, hills and other lands, does not need a large amount of labor force and complex machinery, does not need high deep-fertilizing operation cost, and greatly improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precise deep fertilization of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification deep fertilization operation method suitable for liquid fertilizers.
Background
Most of the traditional fertilizer application methods are to apply materials on the surface of soil manually or by using a spreading machine, then to drive operation equipment such as a rotary cultivator and the like by using power equipment such as a tractor and the like to mix the materials applied on the surface of the soil into the soil, or to carry relevant machines and tools by using engineering equipment such as a digging machine, a forklift and the like to stir and mix various materials into the soil layer. These working methods mainly focus on the fertilization of the superficial layer of the soil and have the following drawbacks: (1) destroying surface soil and soil aggregate structure; (2) the operation is limited by various factors, including the terrain and landform, the crop type, the applied material type, the operation season and the like; (3) low working efficiency, poor effect, high cost, complex process and high labor intensity.
Human activities cause damage to soil, which exceeds the bearing capacity of the soil, and the soil is hardened, degenerated and polluted more and more seriously. Simple soil surface layer fertilization methods have difficulty in effectively delivering fertilizers to deep layers of soil, and crop root systems cannot effectively absorb nutrients.
In order to repair and improve soil, maintain and rebuild deep soil, Chengdu local technologies limited company carries out a great deal of research work, develops a soil deep scarification and deep application gun and an operation method thereof, and realizes the repair and treatment and accurate fertilization of the deep soil.
Liquid fertilizer is as one of agricultural fertilization's main fertilizer form, can combine the earth's surface shallow fertilization to carry out the earth's surface deep fertilization with dark loose deep fertilization operation at present, dark loose deep fertilization operation is comparatively convenient to liquid fertilizer's application, and can improve the fertilizer utilization ratio, make fertilizer carry deep soil more easily accurately, but in alpine or hilly land, because of the factor of topography, dark loose deep fertilization machinery has big in weight, the transport difficulty, the intensity of labour big scheduling problem of many times of operation, the construction degree of difficulty has been increaseed, the required cycle length of the deep fertilization operation of accomplishing fertilizer in unit area is high, the operating cost is high, the diversion has leaded to fertilizer at alpine or hilly land's utilization ratio extremely low, compare fertilization inefficiency with the plain land. Therefore, it is necessary to reform and innovate the deep scarification operation for the landform of mountain or hilly land, etc. to satisfy the requirement of a great amount of mountain fruit growers or mountain tea growers for crop fertilization.
On the other hand, as one of typical representatives of liquid fertilizers, biogas slurry has the advantages of wide sources and low price, but the treatment of the biogas slurry faces great practical dilemma. Biogas engineering which takes organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like as main raw materials generates a large amount of biogas slurry, and the traditional main digestion method of the biogas slurry is to directly discharge the biogas slurry as an agricultural fertilizer to return the biogas slurry to the field. At present, the main mode of returning the biogas slurry to the field is to directly irrigate the biogas slurry to the surface of the farmland by using a biogas slurry transportation tank car or a dung suction truck and an attached pumping system. However, the current mode of returning biogas slurry to the field has the following problems:
(1) the biogas slurry is irrigated on the ground surface, the penetration of soil hardened liquid is slow, and the biogas slurry flows over the ground surface; volatile components in the air volatilize under the sun, generate odor, and fly with the wind to pollute the atmosphere; the biogas slurry remained on the earth surface is collected to rivers and lakes under the washing of rainwater, so that water body pollution is caused; (2) the absorption capacity of the soil per unit volume to the biogas slurry is limited due to soil hardening (particularly the soil for planting perennial economic crops), so that the absorption capacity of the soil per unit area to the biogas slurry is limited, and a large amount of biogas slurry is consumed everywhere; (3) the soil permeability is poor, the biogas slurry irrigated cannot permeate deeper soil, and the deep soil cannot be improved; the crop root system can not absorb the effective components in the biogas slurry, so that the effective utilization rate of the biogas slurry is low; (4) the biogas slurry irrigated in the superficial soil layer has low utilization rate and pollutes the environment, and more importantly, the concentration of the biogas slurry irrigated cannot be regulated and controlled, so that roots are frequently retted or burned, and crops are withered, yield is reduced, and even the crops are completely harvested; (5) the traditional biogas slurry is difficult to be applied together with a soil testing formula, although the biogas slurry is rich in organic matters and various nutrients required by plants, the content of nutrients in the biogas slurry is low, the soil testing formula and the nutrients required by the plants are difficult to directly reach deep soil required by crop roots, the formula application effect is poor, the cost is high, and the utilization rate is low; (6) the biogas slurry spray irrigation method adopting deep scarification and deep application is labor-consuming and time-consuming, a pipeline needs to be pulled manually, and particularly when the biogas slurry spray irrigation method is used in a close-planting orchard, a tank car needs assistance of a plurality of people, so that the labor cost is high, and the biogas slurry spray irrigation method is not beneficial to human health.
Therefore, how to solve the problems of the liquid fertilizer in fertilizing in mountains or hills and other landforms and solve a plurality of problems in the biogas slurry returning treatment process, the fertilizer utilization rate is effectively improved, the construction operation and cost are greatly simplified, and the technical problem to be solved is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep application operation method suitable for liquid fertilizers. The technical purpose of the invention is to solve the problems that liquid fertilizer, especially foul smell fertilizer such as biogas slurry and the like, caused by the existing hardened soil is difficult to deeply apply, and the application method has low fertilizer utilization rate, large construction operation difficulty and high application cost; and the problems that when the liquid fertilizer is applied to the fertilization operation on the landforms such as mountains or hills, the weight of the deep-loosening and deep-applying machine is heavy, the carrying is difficult, the labor intensity of multiple operations is high, the construction difficulty is high, the period required for completing the deep-applying operation of the fertilizer in unit area is long, the operation cost is high, and the fertilizer utilization rate is low are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a self-flowing type shock wave spray-explosion deep-loosening and deep-fertilizing operation method suitable for liquid fertilizers is characterized in that a self-flowing type shock wave spray-explosion deep-loosening and deep-fertilizing operation system is constructed according to natural landforms, and self-flowing type accurate deep fertilization of the liquid fertilizers is realized through the self-flowing type shock wave spray-explosion deep-loosening and deep-fertilizing operation system; the self-flowing shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep fertilization operation system comprises a fertilizer storage device, a fertilizer conveying device, a fertilizer collecting device and a fertilizer deep fertilization channel; the fertilizer storage device is used for storing liquid fertilizer; the fertilizer conveying device is communicated with the fertilizer storage device and forms a self-flowing line with a certain gradient according to natural landforms; the fertilizer collecting device is positioned on the self-flowing line, is positioned on the ground surface of the plant to be fertilized and is used for collecting the self-flowing fertilizer; the fertilizer deep-application channel is formed after the impact waves of the spray-explosion deep-loosening machine are adopted to spray and explode deep-loosening soil and is connected with the fertilizer collecting device and the plant root system.
Specifically, the invention provides a self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep application operation method suitable for liquid fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) according to natural topography landform planning in the operation district from the flow line to construct fertilizer storage device and fertilizer conveyor according to the flow line that flows, fertilizer storage device sets up in the starting point of flow line that flows automatically, fertilizer conveyor lay in from the flow line on and form certain slope, fertilizer conveyor is linked together with fertilizer storage device, and the fertilizer flow of control in the fertilizer conveyor is 1 ~ 10m3The flow speed of the fertilizer is 0.1-10 m/s;
(2) arranging a fertilizer collecting device around the surface of the plant or crop to be irrigated along a self-flowing line for collecting self-flowing fertilizer, blasting the deep loose soil at the bottom of the fertilizer collecting device by using shock waves generated by a spray-explosion subsoiler, controlling the spray-explosion pressure of the spray-explosion subsoiler to be 0.6-3 MPa and the spray-explosion depth to be 100-1000 mm, and forming a fertilizer deep application channel;
(3) preparing the application concentration of the liquid fertilizer in a fertilizer storage device according to the growth needs of plants or crops;
(4) and (3) opening an outlet of the fertilizer storage device, enabling the liquid fertilizer to automatically flow along the fertilizer conveying device to reach the fertilizer collecting device in the step (2), and automatically flow into the soil which is deeply loosened through the fertilizer deep-application channel, so that the automatic-flow accurate deep-application operation of the plants or crops is realized.
The self-flowing type deep-fertilizing operation method provided by the invention is a method for realizing self-flowing type deep-fertilizing operation of liquid fertilizer by well utilizing natural landforms, does not need a large amount of labor force and complex machinery, does not need high deep-fertilizing operation cost, does not need to convey a large-scale fertilizing machine to a hillside land, does not need to convey high-strength deep-fertilizing machines and water and fertilizer during multiple operations, can realize self-flowing type deep-fertilizing operation of liquid fertilizer in high mountains or hilly lands only by operating according to the operation method provided by the invention, and greatly reduces the construction difficulty and the operation cost of deep-fertilizing in high mountains or hilly lands. When the method is used for the deep fertilization operation of the fertilizer, the operation is simple and convenient, the fertilizer can directly reach the deep layer of the soil, the accurate fertilization is realized, and meanwhile, the related deep fertilization operation is controlled according to the parameters of the method, so that the period of the self-flow type deep fertilization operation of the fertilizer can be greatly shortened, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is obviously improved, the fertilizer can not be wasted in the fertilization operation process, the fertilizer absorption rate is high, and the growth condition of plants and crops is good. Compared with the traditional soil shallow layer fertilization and deep scarification fertilization, the operation method can well complete the deep fertilization operation of the fertilizer in high mountains and hilly lands, thereby saving the cost, simplifying the process and greatly improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
More importantly, the operation method provided by the invention can be widely applied to the existing biogas slurry returning treatment, and solves the problems that the existing soil hardening causes poor biogas slurry returning effect and great returning difficulty, and particularly the fertilizer returning cannot be effectively realized in mountains, hills and other lands.
Further, the fertilizer conveying device comprises a irrigation ditch or an irrigation pipeline, and the equivalent hydraulic diameter of the fertilizer conveying device is 30-200 mm.
Further, the slope is not less than 5 degrees.
Further, the natural landforms include mountains, hills, plains, or deserts.
Further, the size of the fertilizer collecting device is 5-20L.
Further, the liquid fertilizer comprises at least one of water, biogas slurry or water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the plants or crops comprise plants or crops suitable for being planted on sloping fields, the plants comprise herbaceous plants and/or woody plants, and the crops comprise crops, particularly fruit trees and/or tea trees and/or perennial Chinese medicinal plants.
Further, in the step (4), after the liquid fertilizer in the fertilizer collecting device is fully collected, the outlet of the fertilizer storage device is closed.
Further, a self-flowing rolling liquid bag is arranged in the fertilizer conveying device, and the volume of the liquid bag is smaller than that of the fertilizer collecting device. This design that can self-flowing rolling liquid capsule, can be in fertilizer conveyor along with liquid fertilizer's self-flowing transport ceaselessly flows, finally arrive in the fertilizer collection device, all can set up a liquid bag in the pipeline between each section fertilizer collection device, its purpose can realize the buffering of liquid fertilizer in pipeline, avoid the velocity of flow too fast, make things convenient for in the more even effectual arrival fertilizer collection device of liquid fertilizer simultaneously, promote the better absorption utilization of fertilizer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep fertilization operation method for a liquid fertilizer, which can well utilize natural topography and landform, realize self-flowing type accurate deep fertilization operation in mountains or hilly lands, does not need a large amount of labor force and complex machinery, does not need high deep fertilization operation cost, and reduces the carrying and fertilization operation intensity of water and fertilizer; the construction method is simple, the operation is efficient, the construction operation difficulty is reduced, the construction cost is saved, and the fertilizer utilization rate is greatly improved;
(2) the operation method provided by the invention can be well suitable for returning the biogas slurry to the field, has a good biogas slurry fertilization effect even aiming at hardened soil, can be used for fertilizing the biogas slurry in mountains or hilly lands, enlarges the biogas slurry application area and the application region, accelerates the absorption and utilization efficiency of the biogas slurry, and is a method for well solving the biogas slurry problem.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a macroscopic view of the whole route of the gravity flow type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep application operation system provided by the invention, wherein a liquid fertilizer storage pool is positioned at the highest position of a slope body, plants to be irrigated are positioned at all places of the slope body, and the gravity flow type route is used for accurately fertilizing the plants at all the places of the slope body and enabling the fertilizers to be continuously accumulated and irrigated around the crops.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a irrigation ditch or pipeline arranged in the gravity flow type shock wave blasting deep scarification and deep application operation system and a schematic view of a liquid accumulation groove around the surface of a plant.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the penetration of fertilizer delivered by the gravity flow type shock wave blasting deep scarification and deep placement operation system of the present invention to the roots of plants through the accumulation in the fertilizer collection tank.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only for explaining and illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but rather, may be modified within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Self-flowing irrigation liquid fertilizer by using hilly terrain
(1) The test field is a representative land plot of an orange orchard in a Chongqing Jiangjin demonstration base, and is located in a pioneer and town immortal pond dam (29 degrees 13 'N and 106 degrees 17' E) in the Yangjin area of Chongqing city, the terrain is a hilly zone, the height of a slope body is 295m, and the slope is 20-25 degrees. The soil type is yellow loam, the pH is 6.41, the total nitrogen is 1251mg/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 109.32mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 4.8mg/kg, the available potassium is 0.46mg/kg, and the organic matter is 20780 mg/kg. The test biogas fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the mixed raw material biogas of pig manure and straw in a pig farm of a Jiangjin test base, shearing and homogenizing by a biogas residue pump, and blending into a liquid biogas fertilizer with the dry matter content of 15%, wherein the nutrient content of the biogas fertilizer is as follows: 68.5g/kg of organic matter, 5.24g/kg of total N, 1.85g/kg of total P and 3.08g/kg of total K.
The test time is 6-10 months in 2021 years, according to the landform and the landscape of the test site, the coverage area of plants (mainly citrus trees) and the irrigation quantity requirement, a self-flowing line is planned from a high place to a low place on a hill, a liquid fertilizer storage pool is built at the highest place, then a irrigation ditch is dug or a pipeline is laid along the planned line, and the size of the liquid fertilizer storage pool is enough to meet the irrigation quantity of the liquid fertilizer with the required coverage area. The laying of irrigation ditches or pipelines needs to ensure that all crops in a coverage area can be effectively irrigated, and the equivalent hydraulic diameter of the irrigation ditches or pipelines is controlled to be 100 mm; when concrete operation is carried out, the fertilizer flow of the irrigation ditch or the irrigation pipeline is controlled to be 5m3The flow speed of the fertilizer is 2 m/s; the gradient is 5 degrees;
(2) the fertilizer liquid accumulating tank is arranged around the plant ground surface needing irrigation, and the irrigation amount of the fertilizer liquid accumulating tank per mu of plant is 3-10 m per mu of plant per year3Designing, finally determining the size of the soil to be 5L, deeply loosening the soil below the liquid accumulation groove by using a spray explosion subsoiler, controlling the spray explosion pressure of the spray explosion subsoiler to be 0.6MPa, controlling the spray explosion depth to be 500mm, forming a subsoiling crack, and communicating a subsoiling hole with the bottom of the liquid accumulation groove;
(3) preparing liquid fertilizer and storing the liquid fertilizer in a storage pool;
(4) and opening an outlet of the storage tank, enabling the liquid fertilizer to automatically flow to a fertilizer liquid accumulation tank along with the paved irrigation ditch or pipeline, quickly enter the deep layer of the soil along with the deep loose holes, and automatically flow to the root system of the plant to be irrigated along with the deep loose cracks generated by spray explosion, so that the automatic flow type deep irrigation of the liquid fertilizer on the hills is realized.
Example 2
(II) self-flowing irrigation liquid fertilizer by using mountain landform
(1) The test site is located in a certain tea mountain planting base (26 degrees 83 'N, 106 degrees 59' E) of a long town of Xiuwen county, Guiyang city, Guizhou province, the terrain is a mountain body zone, the height of the mountain body is 580m, and the gradient exceeds 30 degrees. The soil type is yellow loam, the pH is 6.45, the total nitrogen is 1450mg/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 103.56mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 4.5mg/kg, the available potassium is 0.85mg/kg, and the organic matter is 21300 mg/kg. The tested biogas fertilizer mainly takes local pig manure and partial crop straws as fermentation base materials, and the pH value of the biogas slurry in the discharge chamber of the biogas digester is 7.43, the total nitrogen is 1.07g/L, the total phosphorus is 0.10g/L, and the total potassium is 2.67g/L, wherein the biogas slurry normally produces more than 3 months biogas.
The test time is 9 months to 2021 months in 2020, 5 months, according to the landform, the plant (mainly tea tree) coverage area and the irrigation quantity of the mountain body of the test land, a self-flowing line is planned, a liquid storage tank is built on the top of the mountain body, then a ditch is dug and irrigated or a pipeline is laid along the planned line, the size of the liquid storage tank meets the irrigation quantity of liquid fertilizer of the required coverage area, and all crops in the coverage area can be effectively irrigated due to the laying requirement of the ditch or the pipeline; arranging a self-flowing rolling liquid capsule bag in the irrigation ditch or irrigation pipeline, and filling the liquid capsule bagWater for buffering liquid fertilizer and controlling the fertilizer flow rate in irrigation canal or pipeline to 10m3The flow speed of the fertilizer is 5 m/s; the gradient is 8 degrees;
(2) set up the fertilizer collecting pit around the plant earth's surface that needs the watering, the size of fertilizer collecting pit is according to 3 ~ 10m of annual watering volume of per mu of plant3Designing, finally determining the size of the fertilizer collecting pool to be 10L, deeply loosening soil below or around the fertilizer collecting pool by using a spray explosion deep scarifier and forming a deep scarification crack communicated with the bottom of the fertilizer collecting pool, controlling the spray explosion pressure of the spray explosion deep scarifier to be 1MPa, controlling the spray explosion depth to be 100mm, and forming the deep scarification crack in the deep soil layer;
(3) preparing the application concentration of the liquid fertilizer in the liquid storage tank according to the growth requirement of plants; blending the liquid fertilizer in a garden with a storage pool and storing the liquid fertilizer in the storage pool; in the park where the storage pool is not built, the method of storing the liquid fertilizer in a tank truck and pulling the liquid fertilizer to an irrigation point can be adopted for replacement;
(4) and opening an outlet of the liquid storage tank or the tank car, enabling the liquid fertilizer to automatically flow to the fertilizer collecting tank along with the laid irrigation ditch or pipeline, and automatically flow into the deeply loosened soil along with cracks generated by spray explosion, so that the liquid fertilizer is automatically and deeply applied to irrigation in the mountain area.
Example 3
(III) self-flowing irrigation of liquid fertilizer by using plain terrain
(1) The plain is selected as an operation park, the test site is located in a certain cotton planting base (30 degrees 04 'N, 112 degrees 42' E) in Jiangling county of Jingzhou province, Hubei province, the test site is in a flat and slope-free land shape, the soil type is yellow loam, the pH value is 6.86, the total nitrogen is 1982mg/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 193.61mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 6.7mg/kg, the available potassium is 1.74mg/kg, and the organic matter is 30025 mg/kg. The tested biogas manure is biogas slurry fermented in a biogas pool of a local pig farm, and the nutrient content is as follows: 2.59 percent of organic matter, 0.45 percent of total nitrogen, 0.16mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 0.99mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 7.1 percent of pH and 0.18 percent of humic acid.
The test time is from 2021 to 2021 and from 6 months to 9 months, and a self-flowing line (capable of being used for planning) is planned according to the landform and the landscape of the plain zone, the coverage area of plants (using cotton as an examination object) and the irrigation quantity requirementNo slope or very small slope, such as 2 degrees, mainly conveyed by a liquid fertilizer pump), constructing a liquid storage tank, and then digging and irrigating a ditch or laying a pipeline along a planned route, wherein the size of the liquid storage tank meets the irrigation amount of the liquid fertilizer in the required coverage area, and the laying of the ditch or the pipeline needs to ensure that all crops in the coverage area can be effectively irrigated; arranging a self-flowing rolling liquid bag in the ditch or the pipeline; controlling fertilizer flow of 2m for irrigation ditches or irrigation pipes3The flow speed of the fertilizer is 0.2 m/s;
(2) set up the fertilizer collecting pit around the plant earth's surface that needs the watering, the size of fertilizer collecting pit is for watering volume 3 ~ 10m every mu plant every year according to per mu3Designing, finally determining the size of the fertilizer collecting pool to be 20L, deeply loosening soil at the bottom of the fertilizer collecting pool by using a spray explosion deep scarifier, controlling the spray explosion pressure of the spray explosion deep scarifier to be 3MPa and the spray explosion depth to be 1000mm, forming a deep scarification crack, and communicating a deep scarification hole with the bottom of a liquid storage tank;
(3) blending the liquid fertilizer and storing the liquid fertilizer in a liquid storage tank;
(4) and opening an outlet of the liquid storage tank, pumping the liquid fertilizer into the paved ditch or pipeline by using a liquid fertilizer pump, automatically flowing to the fertilizer collection tank under the action of pumping pressure, and automatically flowing into the deeply loosened soil along with cracks generated by spray explosion, thereby realizing the automatic flow type deep irrigation of the liquid fertilizer on the plain.
Comparative example 1
In the hilly area of embodiment 1 try to adopt the subsoiling deep placement machine to carry out the deep placement operation of liquid fertilizer, store liquid fertilizer in the tank car and pull to the watering point, water liquid fertilizer after carrying out the subsoiling operation around every crop, because the hilly slope is great, the plant is intensive, the tank car is difficult to remove on the hilly slope body, lead to the operation degree of difficulty, the cost of labor is high, the subsoiling deep placement machine accomplishes every operation point hard and time-consuming, it is low to accomplish the income efficiency of liquid fertilizer in the unit interval. Compared with the self-flowing deep fertilization method in the embodiment 1, the method has the advantages that the cost for completing fertilization operation per mu is more than two times, the fertilization period is prolonged by one time, the fertilizer application efficiency is reduced by 50% compared with the fertilizer application method in the embodiment 1, and meanwhile, the energy consumption is increased by more than 60%.
Comparative example 2
In a process for self-watering liquid manure using mountain terrain, the method of example 2 is used to control the flow of manure to a watering trench or pipe to 15m3The flow speed of the fertilizer is 12 m/s; the slope is 10 degrees. Compared with the self-flowing deep application operation method, the method has the advantages that although the efficiency of the fertilizer flowing to the liquid accumulation tank automatically is improved, the efficiency of the fertilizer penetrating into the deep scarification cracks from the liquid accumulation tank and flowing to the root system of the plant automatically is reduced, a large amount of fertilizer stays in the liquid accumulation tank, and the fertilizer is easy to leak, so that the fertilizer loss is caused.
Comparative example 3
According to the method of the embodiment 1, in the process of automatically irrigating liquid fertilizer by using mountain landforms, a fertilizer collecting pond is not arranged around the surface of the plant, and the liquid fertilizer is directly irrigated into the soil which is already deeply loosened through a pipeline. The method is easy to damage the subsoiling cracks, and the fertilizer is blocked in the subsoiling cracks and cannot smoothly reach the root systems of plants, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is lowered.
Comparative example
Utilize mountain topography to establish gravity flow pipeline, nevertheless do not adopt the subsoiling deep placement machine to spout and explode soil, but directly carry out the nature watering through the mode of soil infiltration, this method makes fertilizer can't reach plant roots smoothly, causes the fertilizer utilization ratio extremely low, and a large amount of fertilizer are only stayed in the shallow soil layer, can not realize the effect of accurate subsoiling deep placement.
Examples of the experiments
The working methods of the above examples and comparative examples were measured for the fertilizer utilization rate and the fertilizer application depth.
The fertilizer utilization rate is in order to accomplish the operation of fertilizeing of operation area plant per mu, and when the total amount of fertilizeing reached 10kg, the volume that fertilizer reachd the crop root system was examined, and the computational formula is: the amount of fertilizer reaching the root system divided by the total amount of fertilizer applied multiplied by 100%.
And calculating the depth of the liquid fertilizer entering the soil layer when the total fertilizer application amount reaches 10kg, counting the fertilizer reaching depth of each fertilizer application point, and then averaging to obtain the total fertilizer application depth.
The statistical results of the above tests are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the operation method provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention has a higher fertilizer utilization rate, and the fertilizer can easily enter the deep layer of the soil by gravity flow, so as to achieve precise fertilization operation of the plant root.
Claims (10)
1. A self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep-loosening deep-application operation method suitable for liquid fertilizers is characterized in that a self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep-loosening deep-application operation system is constructed according to natural landforms, and self-flowing type precise deep fertilization of the liquid fertilizers is realized through the self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep-loosening deep-application operation system; the self-flowing shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep fertilization operation system comprises a fertilizer storage device, a fertilizer conveying device, a fertilizer collecting device and a fertilizer deep fertilization channel; the fertilizer storage device is used for storing liquid fertilizer; the fertilizer conveying device is communicated with the fertilizer storage device and forms a self-flowing line with a certain gradient according to natural landform; the fertilizer collecting device is positioned on the self-flowing line, is positioned on the ground surface of the plant to be fertilized and is used for collecting the self-flowing fertilizer; the fertilizer deep-application channel is a channel formed after shock wave is adopted to spray and explode deep loose soil and is connected with the fertilizer collecting device and the plant root system.
2. A self-flowing type shock wave spray explosion deep scarification and deep application operation method suitable for liquid fertilizers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planning a artesian line in an operation area according to natural landform and landform, and constructing fertilizer according to the artesian lineMaterial storage device and fertilizer conveyor, fertilizer storage device sets up in the starting point of flowing automatically the circuit, fertilizer conveyor lays in from flowing automatically the circuit and forming certain slope, fertilizer conveyor is linked together with fertilizer storage device, and the fertilizer flow in the control fertilizer conveyor is 1 ~ 10m3The flow speed of the fertilizer is 0.1-10 m/s;
(2) arranging a fertilizer collecting device around the surface of the plant or crop to be irrigated along a self-flowing line for collecting self-flowing fertilizer, blasting deep loose soil at the bottom of the fertilizer collecting device by using shock waves generated by a blasting deep loosening device, controlling the blasting pressure to be 0.6-3 MPa and the blasting depth to be 100-1000 mm, and forming a fertilizer deep application channel;
(3) preparing the application concentration of the liquid fertilizer in a fertilizer storage device according to the growth needs of plants or crops;
(4) and (3) opening an outlet of the fertilizer storage device, enabling the liquid fertilizer to flow automatically along the fertilizer conveying device to reach the fertilizer collecting device in the step (2), and enabling a fertilizer deep application channel formed after deep scarification to flow automatically to enter the soil which is subjected to deep scarification through shock wave spraying and explosion, so that the self-flowing accurate deep fertilization operation on plants or crops is realized.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fertilizer delivery device comprises a watering trench or a watering pipe having an equivalent hydraulic diameter of 30 to 200 mm.
4. The work method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gradient is not less than 5 degrees.
5. A working method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the natural topographical features include mountainous, hilly, plain or desert regions.
6. The working method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fertilizer collecting device is 5 to 20L in size.
7. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid fertilizer comprises at least one of water, biogas slurry, or a water-soluble fertilizer.
8. The method of operation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the plants or crops comprise plants or crops suitable for growing on sloping fields, the plants comprise herbs and/or woody plants, and the crops comprise crops, in particular fruit and/or tea trees and/or perennial chinese medicinal plants.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein in step (4) the outlet of the fertilizer storage device is closed after the liquid fertilizer in the fertilizer collection device is fully collected.
10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a self-flowing rolling liquid bag is further provided in the fertilizer delivery device, and the volume of the liquid bag is smaller than that of the fertilizer collection device.
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