CN113550333A - Ecological restoration structure and restoration method for abrupt slope of abandoned quarry - Google Patents
Ecological restoration structure and restoration method for abrupt slope of abandoned quarry Download PDFInfo
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- CN113550333A CN113550333A CN202110600391.0A CN202110600391A CN113550333A CN 113550333 A CN113550333 A CN 113550333A CN 202110600391 A CN202110600391 A CN 202110600391A CN 113550333 A CN113550333 A CN 113550333A
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- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 241001092500 Photinia x fraseri Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000042324 Trifolium repens Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010729 Trifolium repens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241001639335 Mucuna sempervirens Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration structure for a steep slope of a waste quarry, wherein a plurality of stepped reverse slope table boards are arranged on the steep slope of the waste quarry, the reverse slope table boards are high outside and low inside, the table boards are arranged in a reverse slope mode inclined inwards, and an original slope surface is formed between the upper reverse slope table board and the lower reverse slope table board which are adjacent to each other. The invention adopts the counter-slope table-board, can shorten the slope length, cut off the original slope, slow down the runoff velocity, reduce the runoff kinetic energy, thus can reduce the water and soil loss of the slope, and the shape structure of the counter-slope table-board changes the terrain condition of the original slope, creates a better site condition for greening the slope, can plant climbing plants on the slope, climb upwards to cover the original slope, increase the area suitable for forestation; the invention is provided with the U-shaped drainage ditch, rainfall runoff on the slope surface can be timely drained, and meanwhile, a plurality of desilting ponds are arranged in longitudinal drainage water to reduce the loss of silt on the slope surface; the whole structure is reasonable, and the ecological environment of the steep slope of the abandoned quarry is restored in an accelerating way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration structure and a restoration method for a steep slope of a waste quarry.
Background
The technology for the ecological restoration treatment of the side slope steep slope of the abandoned quarry in the prior art generally needs to use the following technologies: the method comprises a slope cutting grading treatment technology, a slope greening technology, a slope drainage and water storage technology and the like, wherein the treatment technologies have very large defects in actual use.
In the slope cutting grading treatment, the slope cutting mode of the existing quarry is mainly directional blasting, and blasting slope cutting can loosen rock masses around the blasting range, so that the rock masses are easy to become dangerous and have great potential safety hazards; and the slope surface grading treatment mainly comprises the steps of dividing the slope surface into a plurality of horizontal table surfaces with horizontal table surfaces, and building the slope with steep slope, which is laborious, and the slope surface grading treatment has large earth moving amount and wastes time and labor.
In the slope greening technology, the existing rocky slope greening technology comprises a plant biological bag technology, a hole planting shrub technology, a tire soil fixing technology, a grass root soil dressing technology, a net hanging spray seeding technology and the like; although the current vegetation bags can form the visual effect of a grass blanket, the vegetation bags are single and lack of layers and are difficult to be fused with the surrounding environment; although the technology of planting shrubs in holes is easy to maintain and simple to construct, the coverage rate of vegetation on the slope is low, and the landscape formation time is long; the tire soil stabilization technology has the disadvantages of high early management difficulty, easiness in secondary pollution, low community planting succession capability and poor landscape effect. The grass root soil dressing technology has high emergence rate and can quickly establish and plant the lawn, but is labor-consuming and time-consuming. In the net hanging spray-seeding technology, if the organic matter component of soil in the concrete mixed spray-seeding liquid is more and the concrete component is less, the capability of adhering and adhering to the exposed rock wall is poor, and the integral peeling is easily caused. On the contrary, if the soil matrix has less components and more concrete components, the three-dimensional ecological system for establishing symbiosis of grasses, irrigation and trees lacks nutrient supply, and vegetation concrete net hanging and spraying technology is selected on the steep hard rock slope, so that the ecological net is peeled off due to triggering factors such as rainstorm and the like.
In drainage and water storage facilities, in the prior art, firstly, in the aspect of drainage, for a side slope with a steep slope, the design of the drainage facility is rarely involved in the current scheme, and most of the design is to design a catch drain at the top of the slope and drain away the drainage ditch from the top of the water-compliant slope to the bottom of the slope, so that a certain water and soil loss can be generated when the whole side slope falls into rain; secondly, the design of water storage is not designed, and water is directly drained away, so that the side slope is usually dry, and the phenomenon of water loss and soil erosion is increased correspondingly.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the ecological restoration structure and the restoration method for the abrupt slope of the abandoned quarry are provided.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an ecological restoration structure of abandonment quarry abrupt slope, is provided with cascaded a plurality of grades of adverse slope mesa on the abrupt slope of abandonment quarry, the high interior low outside of adverse slope mesa, the mesa sets up to the adverse slope form of inside side slope, and constitutes original domatic between the upper and lower adjacent adverse slope mesa.
Furthermore, the slope of the counter slope table surface is set to be less than or equal to 2 degrees.
Furthermore, the steep slope both sides are provided with vertical U type escape canal, and are provided with a plurality of desilting ponds that from the top set gradually in this vertical U type escape canal.
Further, the inboard of every grade adverse slope mesa still all is provided with horizontal U type escape canal, the vertical U type escape canal of both ends and abrupt slope both sides in horizontal U type escape canal be linked together, and set up the drainage internal diameter that the drainage internal diameter in vertical U type escape canal is greater than horizontal U type escape canal.
Furthermore, a plurality of vine climbing frames with uniform intervals are erected on the original slope surface, the lower ends of the vine climbing frames are fixed on the reverse slope surface, and the upper ends of the vine climbing frames are fixed on the original slope surface.
Furthermore, vertical hedgerow piles are arranged on the periphery of each stage of counter slope table top.
The invention also provides an ecological restoration method for the abrupt slope of the abandoned quarry, which comprises the following steps:
1) determining the slope gradient, the slope length, the number of table tops and the width of the table tops which need to be subjected to slope cutting grading treatment according to the actual situation of the side slope of the quarry, calculating by a limit balance method and a finite element method to perform safety check until the safety allowable standard is reached, then performing slope cutting grading, shortening the slope length of the original side slope by adopting a manual excavation mode, trimming into a plurality of grades of step-shaped anti-slope table tops along a contour line, wherein the table tops are inclined inwards, and the table tops are high outside and low inside;
2) after the counter-slope table surface is repaired, covering with soil in the table surface, wherein the soil thickness needs to meet the planting requirement, and correspondingly arranging a climbing frame on the counter-slope table surface, wherein the upper end of the climbing frame is fixed on the original side slope, shrubs and herbaceous plants which are easy to survive and drought-enduring can be planted on the counter-slope table surface correspondingly, and climbing plants should be planted, and the climbing plants cover the original side slope along with the climbing of the climbing frame;
3) two longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditches are dug along the slope surface on two sides of the counter slope table surface, and the two longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditches are connected with drainage ditches on the ground of the quarry at the bottom end of the slope surface; and digging a transverse U-shaped drainage ditch along the contour line at the inner side of the counter slope table surface and below the runoff producing slope surface, wherein the width of the drainage ditch is determined according to the width of the counter slope table surface; each horizontal U-shaped drainage ditch is correspondingly connected with the longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditch, a desilting pond is further arranged in each longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditch, and hedgerow piles are vertically arranged on the periphery of the counter slope table board.
Wherein the slope of the counter slope table top in the step 1) is set to be 2 degrees; the green plants planted on the counter-slope table top in the step 2) are photinia fraseri, trifolium repens, mucuna sempervirens and humifuse euphorbia herb; and the climbing frame is a bamboo pole.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention adopts the separated step type reverse slope cutting to trim the original rock slope surface into a plurality of step type reverse slope table surfaces, can cut the slope length, cut the original slope surface, slow down the flow rate of the slope surface, reduce the kinetic energy of runoff, thereby reducing the water and soil loss of the slope surface, changing the terrain condition of the original slope surface by the shape and the structure of the reverse slope surface, creating a better land-setting condition for greening the slope surface, planting climbing plants on the slope surface, climbing upwards to cover the original slope surface, increasing the area suitable for forestation, the table top is in a reverse slope form which inclines slightly to the inner side, the water storage capacity of the table top can be effectively increased, and when heavy rain occurs, the runoff is safely drained away by the U-shaped drainage ditch on the inner side of the table board, the U-shaped drainage ditch is arranged, rainfall runoff on the slope surface can be timely drained, and meanwhile, a plurality of desilting ponds are arranged in longitudinal drainage water to reduce the loss of silt on the slope surface; the whole structure is reasonable, and the ecological environment of the steep slope of the abandoned quarry is restored in an accelerating way.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a steep slope ecological restoration structure of a waste quarry is characterized in that a plurality of stepped reverse slope table tops 1 are arranged on a steep slope of the waste quarry, the reverse slope table tops 1 are high outside and low inside, the table tops are arranged in a reverse slope mode inclined inwards, and an original slope surface 2 is formed between the upper and lower adjacent reverse slope table tops 1; the slope of the counter slope table surface 1 is less than or equal to 2 degrees.
The steep slope both sides are provided with vertical U type escape canal 3, and are provided with a plurality of desilting ponds 4 that from the top set gradually in this vertical U type escape canal 3.
Each grade adverse slope mesa 1's inboard still all is provided with horizontal U type escape canal 5, horizontal U type escape canal 5 both ends and the vertical U type escape canal 3 of abrupt slope both sides be linked together, and set up the drainage internal diameter that vertical U type escape canal 3 was greater than horizontal U type escape canal 5.
A plurality of vine climbing frames 6 with even intervals are also erected on the original slope surface 2, the lower ends of the vine climbing frames 6 are fixed on the reverse slope surface 1, and the upper ends of the vine climbing frames 6 are fixed on the original slope surface 2; vertical hedge-weaving piles 7 are arranged on the periphery of each stage of the counter slope table-board 1.
The specific implementation process of the invention is as follows:
firstly, determining slope gradient, slope length, table top number and table top width of a slope to be subjected to slope cutting grading treatment by experience according to the actual condition of the slope of a quarry; performing safety verification by using a calculation method such as a limit balance method, a finite element method and the like until a safety allowable standard is reached; and then slope cutting and grading are started, the slope length of the original side slope is shortened mainly by adopting a manual excavation mode, a plurality of grades of reverse slope table tops with the slope of 2 degrees are formed by trimming along contour lines, and the outer portions of the table tops are high and the inner portions of the table tops are low.
For the re-greening of the counter-slope table top, because no soil base exists, the table top needs to be covered with soil after the slope is repaired, the soil thickness is required to be about 1m, shrubs or herbaceous plants which are easy to survive and drought-resistant, such as photinia fraseri, trifolium repens and the like, are planted firstly, and the greening is carried out by adopting a sowing mode of broadcast sowing.
For greening of exposed rock slope walls, the slope of an original side slope is steep, soil layers are thin, therefore greening can not be directly carried out on the original slope surface, climbing plants can be planted on soil on a counter slope table-board, the scheme is that a row of fixed bamboo poles for climbing the climbing plants are arranged at the joint of a U-shaped drainage ditch and the table-board, the upper ends of the fixed bamboo poles are fixed with the rock walls of the original slope surface, the lower ends of the fixed bamboo poles are fixed with the counter slope table-board, the climbing plants are planted on the table-board, and the climbing plants can be selected from evergreen mucuna vines, humifuse euphorbia herb and the like.
Two longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditches are dug along the slope surface on two sides of the counter slope surface, and the bottommost end of the slope surface is connected with the drainage ditches on the ground of the quarry; digging transverse U-shaped drainage ditches along contour lines on the inner side of the counter slope table surface and below the runoff producing slope surface, wherein the width of each drainage ditch is determined according to the width of the table surface; each horizontal U-shaped drainage ditch is connected with the longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditch to quickly discharge surface runoff generated on the slope.
In order to prevent the loss of the table top soil along with water, a plurality of sand settling ponds are designed in the longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditch, the soil is settled in the sand settling ponds in the drainage process, and the sand settling ponds can be used as water storage ponds and used for irrigating the table top vegetation; in addition, in order to prevent the loss of the soil of the table top along the side surface of the table top in rainstorm or strong wind weather along with the surface runoff or the strong wind direction, the hedge piles are vertically arranged around the table top to intercept larger soil particles on the table top and reduce the loss of the soil along with water, and the design can effectively reduce the water loss and the soil erosion.
The invention adopts the separated step type reverse slope cutting to trim the original rock slope surface into a plurality of step type reverse slope table surfaces, can cut the slope length, cut the original slope surface, slow down the flow rate of the slope surface, reduce the kinetic energy of runoff, thereby reducing the water and soil loss of the slope surface, changing the terrain condition of the original slope surface by the shape and the structure of the reverse slope surface, creating a better land-setting condition for greening the slope surface, planting climbing plants on the slope surface, climbing upwards to cover the original slope surface, increasing the area suitable for forestation, the table top is in a reverse slope form which inclines slightly to the inner side, the water storage capacity of the table top can be effectively increased, and when heavy rain occurs, the runoff is safely drained away by the U-shaped drainage ditch on the inner side of the table board, the U-shaped drainage ditch is arranged, rainfall runoff on the slope surface can be timely drained, and meanwhile, a plurality of desilting ponds are arranged in longitudinal drainage water to reduce the loss of silt on the slope surface; the whole structure is reasonable, and the ecological environment of the steep slope of the abandoned quarry is restored in an accelerating way.
The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and is not intended to limit the invention from practice or the scope of the appended claims, which are intended to include all equivalent variations and modifications within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an ecological restoration structure of abandonment quarry abrupt slope which characterized in that: the steep slope of abandonment quarry is provided with cascaded a plurality of grades of adverse slope mesa (1), the high interior low outside of adverse slope mesa (1), the mesa sets up to the adverse slope form of inside side slope, and constitutes original domatic (2) between the upper and lower adjacent adverse slope mesa (1).
2. The ecological restoration structure for the steep slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 1, characterized in that: the slope of the counter slope table surface (1) is set to be less than or equal to 2 degrees.
3. The ecological restoration structure for the steep slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steep slope both sides are provided with vertical U type escape canal (3), and are provided with a plurality of desilting ponds (4) that from the top set gradually in this vertical U type escape canal (3).
4. The ecological restoration structure for the steep slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 3, characterized in that: the inboard of every grade adverse slope mesa (1) still all is provided with horizontal U type escape canal (5), the both ends of horizontal U type escape canal (5) be linked together with vertical U type escape canal (3) of abrupt slope both sides, and set up the drainage internal diameter that the drainage internal diameter in vertical U type escape canal (3) is greater than horizontal U type escape canal (5).
5. The ecological restoration structure for the steep slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of vine climbing frames (6) with uniform intervals are also erected on the original slope surface (2), the lower ends of the vine climbing frames (6) are fixed on the reverse slope table surface (1), and the upper ends of the vine climbing frames (6) are fixed on the original slope surface (2).
6. The ecological restoration structure for the steep slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 1, characterized in that: vertical hedge-weaving piles (7) are arranged on the periphery of each stage of the counter slope table top (1).
7. An ecological restoration method based on the ecological restoration structure of the steep slope of the abandoned quarry according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) determining the slope gradient, the slope length, the number of table tops and the width of the table tops which need to be subjected to slope cutting grading treatment according to the actual situation of the side slope of a quarry, calculating by a limit balance method and a finite element method to perform safety check until the safety allowable standard is reached, then performing slope cutting grading, shortening the slope length of the original side slope by adopting a manual excavation mode, and trimming into a plurality of grades of stepped counter slope table tops (1) along a contour line, wherein the table is in a form of inclining towards the inner side, and the outer part of the table top is high and the inner part of the table top is low;
2) after the counter-slope table top (1) is repaired, soil is covered in the table top, the soil thickness needs to meet planting requirements, a vine climbing frame (6) is correspondingly arranged on the counter-slope table top (1), the upper end of the vine climbing frame (6) is fixed on an original side slope, shrubs and herbaceous plants which are easy to survive and drought-enduring can be correspondingly planted on the counter-slope table top (1), vine climbing plants are required to be planted, and the vine climbing plants climb along with the vine climbing frame (6) to cover the original side slope;
3) two longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditches (3) are dug at two sides of the counter-slope table top (1) along the slope surface, and the two longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditches (3) are connected with drainage ditches on the ground of the quarry at the bottom end of the slope surface; a transverse U-shaped drainage ditch (5) is dug along the contour line at the inner side of the counter slope table board (1) and below the runoff producing slope surface, and the width of the drainage ditch is determined according to the width of the counter slope table board (1); each horizontal U-shaped drainage ditch (5) is correspondingly connected with the longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditch (3), a sand settling pond (4) is further arranged in the longitudinal U-shaped drainage ditch (3), and fence weaving piles (7) are vertically arranged on the periphery of the counter slope table board (1).
8. The ecological restoration method for the abrupt slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 7, characterized in that: the slope of the counter slope table top (1) in the step 1) is set to be 2 degrees;
the green plants planted on the counter-slope table top (1) in the step 2) are photinia fraseri, trifolium repens, mucuna sempervirens and humifuse euphorbia herb; and the climbing frame (6) is a bamboo pole.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114375631A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-22 | 山东省鼎力生态资源开发运营有限公司 | Granite and marble mine cliff greening structure and treatment method |
| CN115821953A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-03-21 | 重庆交通大学 | Ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof |
| CN117758786A (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-03-26 | 重庆华地资环科技有限公司 | Flexible soil retaining structure for ecological restoration of mine |
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