CN112273126A - Slope punching planting and greening method - Google Patents
Slope punching planting and greening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112273126A CN112273126A CN202011201361.4A CN202011201361A CN112273126A CN 112273126 A CN112273126 A CN 112273126A CN 202011201361 A CN202011201361 A CN 202011201361A CN 112273126 A CN112273126 A CN 112273126A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slope punching planting and greening method, which comprises the following steps: carrying out slope cutting treatment on a surface soil layer of the slope; utilizing a special drill to perform hole-hitting and punching on the slope surface after slope cutting to form a circular planting hole; when punching, the holes are downward and form an included angle of 55-65 degrees with the slope surface, and the holes are vertically arranged to form a shape like a Chinese character 'pin'; dividing the PVC pipe into two parts along the axial center line direction, forming a growing groove by a notch at one end of the PVC pipe after the PVC pipe is divided, obliquely inserting one end with the growing groove into the planting hole, exposing the growing groove, and forming a water collecting tank by the upward semicircular opening of the PVC pipe; spreading a drought-resistant water-retaining agent at the bottom of the planting hole, feeding the container seedling nursery stock with soil balls into the bottom of the planting hole through a water collecting pipe, and backfilling with mellow soil; watering the seedlings after planting, continuously tending the seedlings for two years, and performing watering and management and protection work on the seedlings according to soil moisture content in 3, 7, 8 and 11 months every year. The invention can effectively prevent water and soil loss and increase the effective greening area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and treatment, and particularly relates to a slope punching planting and greening method.
Background
In recent years, with economic development, a large number of engineering secondary bare slopes are formed by occupation, avoidance, taking, excavation and the like of road repair, railways, quarrying, mining, real estate development and the like, and large-area bald bare soil slopes often appear in the middle of green nature. These bare domatic are the form of breaking apart owing to form and historical reason, cause soil erosion and water loss, raise dust haze weather and threaten industrial and agricultural production, the natural hidden danger of people's production life safety, also can lead to the problem such as environmental ecology unbalance, make originally fragile ecological structure and service function suffer destruction, have aggravated the deterioration of human living environment and ecosystem degradation. The loess exposed steep slope generally has the following three characteristics: firstly, the soil is loose, runoff is easy to generate, water and soil loss is serious, the loss strength is high, the productivity is almost not available, and the vegetation is extremely difficult to recover; secondly, the ecological landscape is seriously influenced; thirdly, the treatment difficulty is high, the treatment technical requirement is high, and the treatment cost is high. The method is an empty point for afforestation and promotion of city beautification in China and even the world, and is a technical problem of overcoming difficult site greening in arid areas in the north.
The method mainly depends on engineering reinforcement measures, adopts measures such as concrete, metal meshes, mortar rubbles and the like to establish retaining walls, anchor retaining walls, anti-slide piles and the like, mainly focuses on the stability and safety of the side slopes, does not consider the problem of vegetation, can also destroy partial natural ecology in the treatment process, has poor landscape effect, and does not fundamentally and thoroughly inhibit the water and soil loss phenomenon of the treated slope, thereby bringing more and more general attention to ecological treatment of the exposed slope in recent years. According to the technical specification of revegetation of exposed slope vegetation of the national forestry administration, the exposed slope belonging to the cliff slope section above 65 degrees needs to be greened and managed by adopting a method of cave slot and partition, the construction frame is generally built when the cave slot is planted and punched at present, and the method of manual punching by the crescent shovel is adopted, so that the problems of low efficiency, different punching specifications, difficult watering and cultivation, high management cost and the like exist, the management area is extremely limited, and the large-area popularization cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a slope punching planting and greening method.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting and greening slope surface by punching comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out slope cutting treatment on a surface soil layer of the slope; the slope cutting thickness is 10-50 cm;
step 2: carrying out hole-hitting and punching on the slope surface after slope cutting by using a special drill to form circular planting holes with the hole diameter of 10-12 cm, the hole depth of 25-35 cm, the distance between the left horizontal holes and the right horizontal holes of 45-55 cm and the distance between the upper vertical holes and the lower vertical holes of 30-40 cm; when punching, the holes face downwards and form an included angle of 55-65 degrees with the slope surface, and the holes are vertically arranged to form a shape like a Chinese character 'pin';
and step 3: dividing the PVC pipe into two parts along the axial center line direction, forming a growing groove by forming a notch at one end of the PVC pipe after the PVC pipe is divided, inserting one end with the growing groove into the planting hole in an inclined manner of 55-65 degrees, exposing the growing groove, and forming a water collecting tank by enabling a semicircular opening of the PVC pipe to face upwards;
and 4, step 4: spreading a drought-resistant water-retaining agent at the bottom of the planting hole, feeding the container seedling with soil balls into the bottom of the planting hole along the water collecting groove, and then backfilling with mellow soil until the edge of the planting hole is 3-5 cm, and exposing the outer end of the water collecting groove by 10-15 cm;
and 5: immediately watering the seedlings after planting, continuously tending the seedlings for two years, and performing watering and managing and protecting work on the seedlings in 3, 7, 8 and 11 months per year.
Further, the growth groove is the isosceles trapezoid shape of narrow top and wide bottom, and the length on long limit is 5 ~ 7cm, and trapezoidal height is 10 ~ 12cm, and the contained angle of two waists and height is 24 ~ 26, and simultaneously, the outer border of growth groove end is the inclined plane of 15 ~ 25 contained angles.
Furthermore, the selected height of the nursery stock is not less than 30cm, the whole plant has no mechanical damage, root damage, no plant diseases and insect pests, and the healthy and strong two-year-old winter jasmine is grown.
Further, the special drill bit includes: the drill comprises a drill rod, a main drill bit and a secondary drill bit; the main drill bit is fixed at the front end of the drill rod, the secondary drill bit is L-shaped, is sequentially fixed at two opposite sides of the main drill bit and the drill rod, and is arranged in a relative staggered manner.
Further, the drill rod is a lengthened drill rod with the diameter phi of 28 mm; the main drill bit is a percussion drill bit with the diameter phi of 14mm, and the distance between the top end of the main drill bit and the closest secondary drill bit is 5-7 cm; the distance between the adjacent two-stage drill bits is 7-8 cm.
Furthermore, the secondary drill bit is formed by welding a percussion drill bit with the diameter of 10mm and a connecting rod in an L shape according to the proportion of 1:1 and vertically welding the connecting rod on the main drill bit and the drill rod.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the self-made drill bit is used for punching, so that the one-step forming can be realized, the size is accurate, the construction precision is high, meanwhile, the punching machine is small in size and flexible to use, sufficient gaps are formed among the drill bits formed by the two-stage drill bits at intervals, the soil can be discharged quickly during punching, the problem that the loess cliff slope soil is heavy and tight, and therefore punching is difficult is solved, the punching efficiency is improved by more than 30 times compared with that of the original manual crescent shovel punching, the damage to the surrounding soil body structure is small, the construction is safe, the vibration and the noise are small, and the environment-friendly requirement is met;
2. according to the invention, the growth grooves are cut in advance on the water collecting tank, when the water collecting tank is used for solving the problem of difficult watering, compared with other water storage tanks embedded in the hole planting, the growth grooves can be more easily inserted into the hole without damaging the seedling root system, meanwhile, the growth grooves can reserve space for the growth of the seedling root system, the root system can be directly pricked into the soil, the survival rate of the seedling is improved, and the later growth of the seedling is accelerated;
3. the method can reduce the difficulty and the cost of afforestation treatment operation, improve the survival rate of afforestation, improve the afforestation treatment effect of the loess cliff slope, effectively prevent water and soil loss and increase the effective afforestation area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a specialized drill bit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a trough;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the PVC pipe located in the planting hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for punching, planting and greening a slope, which is mainly applied to the end surface of a loess exposed cliff with the angle of over 75 degrees, and the planting time is carried out in the middle ten days of 3-5 months in spring and in the lower ten days of 9 months in autumn and winter to 11 months.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out slope cutting treatment on a surface soil layer of the slope; the thickness of the slope is 10-50 cm.
Before greening, slope cutting treatment is carried out, cured loose surface soil is cut off, a complete and firm greening slope surface is formed, and the frequency of soil sliding is reduced.
Step 2: carrying out point-hitting punching on the slope surface after slope cutting by using a special drill to form circular planting holes with the aperture of 10cm, the hole depth of 30cm, the distance between the left horizontal hole and the right horizontal hole of 50cm and the distance between the upper vertical hole and the lower vertical hole of 30 cm; when drilling, the hole direction faces downwards and forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the slope surface, and the holes are arranged up and down to form a shape like a Chinese character 'pin'.
The method adopts the measures of building a scaffold, matching engineering machinery with manual work (carrying people by a crane) to carry out point-hitting and punching.
The water drill puncher for punching holes adopts a special self-made drill bit to punch holes according to the slope soil condition, please refer to fig. 1, the whole special drill bit is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the width of the widest part is 9 cm; the special drill bit comprises a drill rod 1, a main drill bit 2 and a secondary drill bit 3, wherein the main drill bit 2 is welded at the front end of the drill rod 1, and the secondary drill bit 3 is L-shaped and is welded at two opposite sides of the main drill bit 2 and the drill rod 1 in sequence and arranged in a staggered mode relatively.
Furthermore, the drill rod 1 is a lengthened drill rod with the diameter of 28mm, and the length of the lengthened drill rod is 30 cm; the main drill bit 2 is a percussion drill bit with the diameter phi of 14mm and the length of 10 cm; the secondary drill bit 3 is a percussion drill bit with the diameter of phi 10mm and the length of 62 mm; the distance between the top end of the main drill bit 2 and the nearest secondary drill bit 3 is 6cm, and the distance between the adjacent secondary drill bits 3 is 7.5 cm.
Furthermore, the secondary drill bit 3 is formed by welding a percussion drill bit with the diameter of 10mm and a connecting rod in an L shape according to the proportion of 1:1 and vertically welding the connecting rod on the main drill bit 2 and the drill rod 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, the secondary drill bit 3 is formed by cutting a plurality of impact drill bits with the diameter of phi 10mm and the length of 62mm according to the ratio of 1:1 and then welding the impact drill bits together in an L shape, and vertically welding the end of the L shape which does not work on the main drill bit 2 and the drill rod 1 in sequence; the connecting rod is the non-working end welded on the main drill bit 2 and the drill rod 1 after the secondary drill bit 3 is cut off; in the embodiment of the invention, five secondary drill bits 3 are arranged totally, and the diameter of the main drill bit 2 is different from that of the drill rod 1, so that the whole special drill bit obtained after welding is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the minimum distance between the secondary drill bits 3 and the whole special drill bit is 30cm, and through practical operation, the requirement that the hole diameter is 10cm after punching can be completely met.
The drill bit can be punched by the self-made drill bit of the rhinestone punching machine in one step, the size is accurate, the construction precision is high, the upper part is wide, the lower part is narrow, the resistance of the drill bit close to the V shape is small, and the cost is reduced; simultaneously, the device is small in size, flexible to use, and especially, enough gaps are formed between the drill bits formed by the second-level drill bit intervals, so that soil is discharged quickly when the holes are punched, the problem that the slope soil of the loess cliff is sticky and tight, and the hole punching difficulty is high by more than 30 times compared with the original manual crescent shovel hole punching work efficiency, and meanwhile, the damage to the surrounding soil body structure is small, the construction is safe, the vibration and the noise are small, and the environment-friendly requirement is met.
And step 3: referring to fig. 2, the PVC pipe is divided into two parts along the axial center line, one end of the divided PVC pipe is provided with a notch to form a growth trough 4, and the end with the growth trough is inserted into the planting hole with an inclination of 60 degrees and exposed out of the growth trough, and the semicircular opening of the PVC pipe is upward to form a water collecting trough.
In order to solve the problems of poor water retention and drought on the slope surface, a self-made water collecting tank is inserted into a planted hole in advance, the water collecting tank is formed by dividing a PVC pipe with the pipe length of 35cm and the pipe diameter of 10cm into two parts along the axial center line direction, one end of the divided PVC pipe is inwards cut into a growing groove 4 along the left and right oblique angles of the center, the growing groove 4 is in an isosceles trapezoid shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, the length of a long edge is 6cm, the height of the isosceles trapezoid is 11cm, the included angle between the two sides of the isosceles trapezoid and the height is 25 degrees, meanwhile, the outer edge of the end of the growing groove 4 is cut into an inclined plane with an included angle of 20 degrees and is obliquely inserted into the planted hole by 60 degrees, the opening surface of the PVC water collecting tank faces upwards, the length of the outer end of the water collecting tank, which is exposed out of the planted hole, is 10-15 cm, artificial water and rain and.
The water collecting tank with the growth grooves is cut in advance, so that when artificial water and sleet water are collected, the problem of difficulty in watering is solved, compared with water storing tanks buried in other hole planting, the water collecting tank is easier to insert into holes and does not damage seedling root systems, meanwhile, space can be reserved for the seedling root systems, and the seedling root systems can be directly pricked into soil, so that the survival rate of seedlings is improved, and the later growth of the seedlings is accelerated.
And 4, step 4: and (3) spreading a drought-resistant water-retaining agent at the bottom of the planting hole, feeding the seedling with soil balls of the seedling in the container which is thoroughly watered in the previous day into the bottom of the hole along the water collecting groove, filling the soil with mellow soil to 4cm away from the edge of the planting hole after the seedling is tightly plugged and compacted, and exposing the outer end of the water collecting groove by 10-15 cm.
Spreading a drought-resistant water-retaining agent at the bottom of a planting hole before planting, selecting planting seedlings with the height of 30cm, enabling the whole seedlings to be free of mechanical damage and root damage, free of plant diseases and insect pests, and capable of growing robustly in a spring festival container seedling, sending a spring festival carrying soil ball with a nutrition pot removed to the bottom of the planting hole as much as possible, placing two spring festival flowers in one planting hole to ensure that the root systems of the seedlings are spread and long growing grooves are exposed, facilitating root soil to be densely combined and later-stage growth, backfilling mature soil to 4cm at the edge of the hole, compacting and compacting; then planting winter jasmine or forsythia at the top of the slope, planting euonymus alatus at the foot of the slope, and rapidly achieving the greening treatment effect by utilizing the three-dimensional greening mode of the hole planting in the upper vertical climbing and the lower climbing.
And 5: after planting, a method of carrying people by a crane is adopted in time, watering is carried out hole by a sprayer or by spraying on the slope surface by a watering cart, the watering efficiency of the water collecting tank can be ensured, the watering times are reduced, the cost is saved, and the planting survival rate is improved. Newly-planted seedlings are nursed for two years continuously, nurturing is carried out for more than 4 times every year, namely, watering and management and protection work is carried out according to soil moisture content in the periods of 3 months, 7 months, 8 months and 11 months with severe drought.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for punching, planting and greening a slope surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: carrying out slope cutting treatment on a surface soil layer of the slope; the slope cutting thickness is 10-50 cm;
step 2: carrying out hole-hitting and punching on the slope surface after slope cutting by using a special drill to form circular planting holes with the hole diameter of 10-12 cm, the hole depth of 25-35 cm, the distance between the left horizontal holes and the right horizontal holes of 45-55 cm and the distance between the upper vertical holes and the lower vertical holes of 30-40 cm; when punching, the holes face downwards and form an included angle of 55-65 degrees with the slope surface, and the holes are vertically arranged to form a shape like a Chinese character 'pin';
and step 3: dividing the PVC pipe into two parts along the axial center line direction, forming a growing groove by forming a notch at one end of the PVC pipe after the PVC pipe is divided, inserting one end with the growing groove into the planting hole in an inclined manner of 55-65 degrees, exposing the growing groove, and forming a water collecting tank by enabling a semicircular opening of the PVC pipe to face upwards;
and 4, step 4: spreading a drought-resistant water-retaining agent at the bottom of the planting hole, feeding the container seedling with soil balls into the bottom of the planting hole along the water collecting groove, and then backfilling with mellow soil until the edge of the planting hole is 3-5 cm, and exposing the outer end of the water collecting groove by 10-15 cm;
and 5: immediately watering the seedlings after planting, continuously tending the seedlings for two years, and performing watering and managing and protecting work on the seedlings in 3, 7, 8 and 11 months per year.
2. The slope punching planting and greening method according to claim 1, wherein the growth grooves are in the shape of isosceles ladders with narrow tops and wide bottoms, the length of the long side is 5-7 cm, the height of the trapezoid is 10-12 cm, the included angle between the two sides and the height is 24-26 degrees, and the outer edges of the ends of the growth grooves are inclined planes with the included angle of 15-25 degrees.
3. The slope punching planting and greening method according to claim 2, wherein the selected height of the seedlings is not less than 30cm, the whole plant has no mechanical and root damage, no plant diseases and insect pests, and the strong two-year-old winter jasmine is grown.
4. The slope punching planting and greening method of claim 1, wherein the special drill comprises: the drill comprises a drill rod, a main drill bit and a secondary drill bit; the main drill bit is fixed at the front end of the drill rod, the secondary drill bit is L-shaped, is sequentially fixed at two opposite sides of the main drill bit and the drill rod, and is arranged in a relative staggered manner.
5. The slope punching planting and greening method according to claim 4, wherein the drill rod is a lengthened drill rod with a diameter of phi 28 mm; the main drill bit is a percussion drill bit with the diameter phi of 14mm, and the distance between the top end of the main drill bit and the closest secondary drill bit is 5-7 cm; the distance between the adjacent two-stage drill bits is 7-8 cm.
6. The slope punching planting and greening method of claim 5, wherein the secondary drill bit is formed by welding a percussion drill bit with a diameter of 10mm and a connecting rod in an L shape according to a ratio of 1:1, and vertically welding the connecting rod on the main drill bit and the drill rod.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113767801A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-10 | 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 | Construction method for planting trees on hard soil slope |
| CN114532135A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-05-27 | 陕西省林业科学院 | Greening method for rock cliff surface |
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Application publication date: 20210129 |