CN104145770B - A kind of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree covers sand Fertilization method - Google Patents
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- CN104145770B CN104145770B CN201410419398.2A CN201410419398A CN104145770B CN 104145770 B CN104145770 B CN 104145770B CN 201410419398 A CN201410419398 A CN 201410419398A CN 104145770 B CN104145770 B CN 104145770B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree and cover sand Fertilization method, comprise: 1) select location, garden, 2) fertilising, 3) sanding, 4) pour water, 5) other management and 6) change husky step, it is characterized in that: described step 3) in sanding method be: before sanding, use sufficient base fertilizer, 18 ~ 25cm is ploughed deeply in soil, pulverizes soil block and after suppressing, raking, earth's surface covers sun-proof net completely, sun-proof net is close to earth's surface, after base fertilizer slaking; Press one deck to contain soil is measured less, processing river of uniform size sand on black silk screen upper berth, and within the scope of tree dish diameter 1.5 ~ 2m, sanding thickness is 3 ~ 5cm, and all the other region sanding thickness are 1.5 ~ 2cm.The present invention, is compared in the existing sand method for preserving soil moisture that covers to improve soil moisture conservation, heat insulation effect by secondary covered structure, its soil moisture conservation, better heat preservation, also due to two-layer covering, reduce when surviving the winter, the probability of fruit tree root system frostbite, has good economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, particularly relate to a kind of Dry Land Orchard and cover sand Fertilization method.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the deep propelling of multi-line regression model, Gansu Province's apple tree cultivated area constantly expands, and Jingning County is positioned at Eastern Gansu Province, to the west of Liu Pan Shan, to the east of Hua Jialing, and east longitude 105 ° of 20' ~ 106 ° 05', north latitude 35-degree 01' ~ 35 ° 45'.For apple cultivation, there is the land resources of good ecotope, illumination resource and abundance this area, but precipitation is on the low side is the principal element that this area limits apple cultivation, particularly precipitation anniversary distribution is uneven, precipitation is few, evaporation discharge is large, drastically influence the development of Apple Industry.For this reason, orchard greatly develops the focus that water conservation and moisture-holding measure becomes orchard worker's concern.In order to effectively solve, spring arid is short of rain, natural precipitation and fruit tree need the problems such as water is inharmonious, rich water runs off seriously, availability is low, started from 2011, the multiple method such as " ridging covers rich water coupling technique ", " orchard is covered sand, covered careless technology ", " ploughing deeply technology of improving the soil ", " orchard ground cover technology ", " balance fertilizing (fertilization compositions based on earth measurement) technology " that successively proposes overcomes precipitation problem on the low side, achieves good effect.But " orchard is covered sand, covered careless technology " exists contaminated soil, damage the potential danger of soil property.
At present, the method that " orchard is covered sand, covered careless technology " is conventional soil moisture conservation and suppresses insect to occur, but owing to covering sand in orchard, and cover sand thickness at least more than 1cm at every turn, the long-term soil property that in the past can cause desertifies seriously, and the phenomenon that soil fertility declines, also exists the problem that cost is high.Although Orchard Plant Cover Technology avoids the negative effect covered sand and bring, the single grass that covers can not play the effect that well preserves soil moisture, and when after covering grass, tree dish applies fertilizer, need first grass to be removed, just can apply fertilizer, add expense of labor undoubtedly, extend fertilization time.High ridge film coating technique can realize the effect of water conservation, fertilizer conservation, suppression weeds, but film fragile, tear, and to face, ridge require very high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: provide a kind of Apple Trees in Arid Areas to set and cover sand Fertilization method, first spread one deck sun-proof net on earth's surface, then covering surfaces sticks the river sand of powder of straw, horsehit, adopts secondary covered structure, realize better heat preservation, the object that contamination factor is less.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree covers sand Fertilization method, comprise: 1) select location, garden, 2) fertilising, 3) sanding, 4) pour water, 5) other management and 6) change husky step, it is characterized in that: described step 3) in sanding method be: before sanding, use sufficient base fertilizer, 18 ~ 25cm is ploughed deeply in soil, pulverizes soil block and after suppressing, raking, earth's surface covers sun-proof net completely, sun-proof net is close to earth's surface, after base fertilizer slaking; Press one deck to contain soil is measured less, processing river of uniform size sand on black silk screen upper berth, and within the scope of tree dish diameter 1.5 ~ 2m, sanding thickness is 3 ~ 5cm, and all the other region sanding thickness are 1.5 ~ 2cm.
Further, described processing river sand is mixed by fully dry clean river sand, stalk powder and horsehit.
Further, the preparation method of described processing river sand is: 1) respectively stalk, horsehit are fully dried to water content≤3%, crosses 70 ~ 90 mesh sieves after broken; 2) horsehit is mixed with the ratio of powder of straw in 1:1, make fertilizer efficiency attachment; 3) fertilizer efficiency attachment and river sand are fully mixed according to the ratio of 3:2, due to electrostatic attraction effect, fertilizer efficiency attachment attaches to sand surface, river, forms clad structure, and this clad structure material is processing river sand.
Further, described stalk is beans stalk, wheat stalk, maize straw.
Inventive principle and beneficial effect: because sun-proof net has good endothermic effect, be covered in earth's surface, improve soil heat preservation ability, make root respiration intensity higher, fruit tree growth is vigorous, quick, and due to its pore space structure, make external moisture, fertilizer permeates the ground, and then can angiocarp tree Root Absorption.
Due to the effect of surface electrostatic gravitation, the dry horsehit that particle diameter is tiny and stalk powder can attach to sand surface, river, form clad structure, are processing river sand.Be laid on sun-proof net, owing to there is gap between the sand particle of river, can gas permeability be increased on the one hand, again because river sand covers the capillary having cut off soil moisture and risen, decrease evaporation discharge and the surface runoff amount on surface, make soil moisture content improve 1 ~ 2 times; Simultaneously, due to night and daytime temperature difference, when daytime, surface temperature raised, river sand fast endothermic, soil temperature is raised, night due to river sand thermolysis good, soil heat is distributed to air, and then it is high to define daytime soil temperature, the phenomenon that nocturnal temperature is low, and the higher temperature difference, be conducive to manufacture and the accumulation of organic substance, promote the raising of fruit yield and quality.Why at river sand surface adhesion fertilizer efficiency attachment, its reason is, this powder of straw and horsehit are all the fertilizer that preserves soil moisture preferably, not only can not affect the function of river sand, but also can suitably increase soil fertility, and reduces river sand consumption, and protection soil property is not contaminated.
When surviving the winter, sun-proof net is covered in earth's surface, because plastic film can trap heat exchange, makes soil internal heat outwards distribute reduction, thus maintenance surface temperature can not be too low, and protection fruit tree root system is in case frostbite.
Compared with covering sand Fertilization method with existing fruit tree, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) before covering sand, first cover earth's surface with sun-proof net, after base fertilizer slaking, spread the processing river sand that one deck is mixed by clean river sand, stalk powder and horsehit in the above, form secondary covered structure, block the capillary that soil moisture rises, reduce evaporation discharge and the surface runoff amount on earth's surface, make soil moisture content improve 1 ~ 2 times; River sand is particulate form, has good gas permeability, makes fruit tree root system have sufficient oxygen absorption, increases respiratory intensity, and fruit tree growth is good, quick; Sun-proof net has certain effect of heat insulation, when surviving the winter, can reduce earth's surface heat of vaporization, thus keeps low temperature in case frostbite root system;
2) the present invention river used sand is that effluent sand and 70 ~ 90 object stalk powders, horsehit mix, due to the effect of surface electrostatic gravitation, stalk powder and horsehit powder can be adsorbed on the larger sand surface, river of particle diameter, form cladded type structure, be covered in orchard, enrich the function of traditional river sand, make it also have the characteristic providing nutrient; Horsehit and powder of straw are meal, have good gas permeability and soil moisture conservation effect, increase soil fertility; Method by directly applying when topdressing is carried out, and its reason is that fertilizer permeates and crosses the river sand and enter soil, avoids the problem covering careless method fertilising inconvenience;
3) stalk of the present invention is beans, wheat, maize straw, include abundant nutritive element, especially the content of nitrogen element is higher, the growth demand of fruit tree can be met, simultaneously with stalk and horsehit for nutriment, granular structure can be formed with Zinc fractions, prevent inorganic fertilizer from excessively using and the soil compaction problem caused.
Embodiment
Below that embodiment is intended to illustrate that the present invention instead of the present invention further limit.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree covers sand Fertilization method, comprising: 1) select location, garden, 2) fertilising, 3) sanding, 4) pour water, 5) other management and 6) change husky step, specific implementation process is as follows:
1) location, garden is selected; Select the plot that physical features is smooth, water resistance good, soil layer is deep, fix the channel that drains off floodwaters, prevent heavy rain by earth erosion and deposition in sand, in conjunction with the features of terrain of the local moistening semi-arid climate condition in warm temperate zone half in Jingning County and uniqueness, orchard is with the long and narrow trend of thing, and north and south is close to mountain and is advisable, light irradiation time can be increased on the one hand, improve organic matter accumulation amount, and then improve fruit quality, northwester frostbite fruit tree in winter can be avoided on the other hand.
2) apply fertilizer: except using sufficient except base fertilizer before sanding, also should topdress according to tree body various seasons.During fertilising, can direct ditching-fertilizing, for preventing destroying sun-proof net, ditching depth is no more than 2cm, is advisable to cover sand thickness 85 ~ 90%.Fertilising consumption: general mu executes high-quality farmyard manure 5000 ~ 6000 kilograms, and purity nitrogen 8 ~ 10 kilograms pressed by inorganic fertilizer, 7 ~ 9 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer, 4 ~ 8 kilograms, potash fertilizer, ZnSO
41 ~ 1.5 kilogram or apple specialing fertilizer 80 ~ 85 kilograms, cover processing river sand after fertilising.
3) sanding: before sanding, uses sufficient base fertilizer, and 18 ~ 25cm is ploughed deeply in soil, pulverizes soil block and after suppressing, raking, earth's surface covers sun-proof net completely, and sun-proof net is close to earth's surface, after base fertilizer slaking; Press one deck to contain soil is measured less, processing river of uniform size sand on black silk screen upper berth, and within the scope of tree dish diameter 1.5 ~ 2m, sanding thickness is 3 ~ 5cm, and all the other region sanding thickness are 1.5 ~ 2cm.
Described processing river sand is mixed by fully dry clean river sand, stalk powder and horsehit.
The preparation method of described processing river sand is: 1) respectively stalk, horsehit are fully dried to water content≤3%, crosses 70 ~ 90 mesh sieves after broken; 2) horsehit is mixed with the ratio of powder of straw in 1:1, make fertilizer efficiency attachment; 3) fertilizer efficiency attachment and river sand are fully mixed according to the ratio of 3:2, due to electrostatic attraction effect, fertilizer efficiency attachment attaches to sand surface, river, forms clad structure, and this clad structure material is processing river sand.
Described stalk is beans stalk, wheat stalk, maize straw.
4) pour water: have good soil moisture conservation effect owing to covering sun-proof net-cover sand, orchard frequency of irrigation obviously reduces, and according to annual precipitation and soil moisture content, can irrigate.Must guard against when pouring water and irrigate with the water large containing earth amount, avoid accumulation of mud in fine sand layer, effect and the service life of sand are covered in impact.Before pouring water first by fine sand by apple tree row to concentrating on the ridge, limit, again fine sand is spread again during the quick-drying of ground after water has been filled with and is pressed in apple orchard.Year pours water 2 ~ 3 times, each 30 ~ 50 cubic metres/every mu.
5) other management: cover fine sand garden due to weeds less, so weeding is also comparatively simple, can, according to the weeds amount in field, find at any time to pull out in time.In addition, fine sand surface clean and smooth be kept, ensure the effect of sanding, prevent heavy rain washing away fine sand.
6) change sand: generally cover sand apple orchard and keep will changing sand in 5 years, sand grains at this moment due to the time longer and containing soil amount more, cover fine sand successful reduce.
In order to verify the actual effect of technical solution of the present invention, in the invention process process, implement contrast implantation methods equally, except sanding step, all the other steps are all identical, and the sanding method of this comparison example is: ploughed deeply in soil, after slaking, use sufficient base fertilizer, then earth's surface flattened, suppress, create a real lower empty soil structure of table; Will containing soil amount less, clean, river of uniform size sand, uniformity Di Quan garden paving pressure one deck, sanding thickness is 7 ~ 15cm.Every mu of 45 ~ 95m
3.Meanwhile, prevent soil from mixing with sand, ensure pressure sand effect.
Discussion of results and analysis:
Economic benefit: it is 1.5 ~ 5cm that technical solution of the present invention covers river sand thickness, compared with comparison example, it reduces the thickness of 5 ~ 10cm, river sand consumption reduces by 15 ~ 60m3, cost reduction about 2000 yuan/mu, but owing to present invention covers sun-proof net, its Costco Wholesale about 700 yuan/mu, comprehensive minimizing cost of investment about 1300 yuan, as can be seen here, technical solution of the present invention has obvious advantage.
Wintering of fruit tree frostbite situation: location, garden of the present invention is selected rationally, effectively reduces the probability of fruit tree frostbite in During Overwintering Period, but the climate characteristic made a clear distinction between the four seasons due to locality, winter temperature is lower, also there will be fruit tree frostbite situation.Show according to statistics, when technical solution of the present invention raises fruit trees, its root system frostbite rate≤0.02%, and comparison example root system frostbite rate is 0.7 ~ 0.8%, and as can be seen here, when the present invention program can effectively prevent from surviving the winter, the risk of fruit tree root system frostbite.
Fruit and output: due to local good growing weather condition, sufficient light irradiation time, Apples is individual comparatively large, an average fruit quality 300g, and just, fruit face is bright and clean, the thin juice of matter is many, moderately sour and sweet, and mouthfeel is crisp sweet for bright in colour, individual large shape.Show according to statistics, the apple of technical solution of the present invention plantation, an average fruit quality 380g, sugar content improves 0.22%.On the whole, for 6 ~ 8 years raw cool humid zone, the apple tree that the present invention plants comparatively comparison example on average increases production 28.2%, and the output value improves more than 30%.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, adopt technical solution of the present invention plantation apple tree, reduce when surviving the winter, the risk of frostbite fruit tree root system, also improves the quality and yield of apple, has good Social benefit and economic benefit.
Claims (3)
1. an Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree covers sand Fertilization method, comprise: 1) select location, garden, 2) fertilising, 3) sanding, 4) pour water, 5) other management and 6) change sand step, it is characterized in that: described step 3) in sanding method be: before sanding, use sufficient base fertilizer, 18 ~ 25cm is ploughed deeply in soil, pulverizes soil block and after suppressing, raking, earth's surface covers sun-proof net completely, sun-proof net is close to earth's surface, after base fertilizer slaking; Press one deck to contain soil is measured less, processing river of uniform size sand on sun-proof net upper berth, within the scope of tree dish diameter 1.5 ~ 2m, sanding thickness is 3 ~ 5cm, all the other region sanding thickness are 1.5 ~ 2cm, and described processing river sand is mixed by fully dry clean river sand, stalk powder and horsehit.
2. a kind of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree as claimed in claim 1 covers sand Fertilization method, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described processing river sand is: 1) respectively stalk, horsehit are fully dried to water content≤3%, crosses 70 ~ 90 mesh sieves after broken; 2) horsehit is mixed with the ratio of powder of straw in 1:1, make fertilizer efficiency attachment; 3) fertilizer efficiency attachment and river sand are fully mixed according to the ratio of 3:2, due to electrostatic attraction effect, fertilizer efficiency attachment attaches to sand surface, river, forms clad structure, and this clad structure material is processing river sand.
3. a kind of Apple Trees in Arid Areas tree as claimed in claim 1 covers sand Fertilization method, it is characterized in that: described stalk is beans stalk, wheat stalk, maize straw.
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| CN105145125A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-16 | 安徽鹏翔生态农业有限公司 | Fruit cucumber greenhouse planting method |
| CN110833008A (en) * | 2018-08-18 | 2020-02-25 | 海南师范大学 | Planting opening covering structure and method of high-ridge mulching film |
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