CN103597969B - A kind of space soybean cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of space soybean cultivation method of the present invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, especially relates to the planting technology field of a kind of soybean.Concrete scheme is as follows: a kind of space soybean cultivation method, comprises selection of land, plantation and field management, and its special character is that described plantation comprises and ploughs front fertilising, ridging overlay film, seed treatment, sowing and dense planting.The invention has the advantages that: implantation methods of the present invention more can adapt to the growth characteristic of the soybean of aviation breeding, more can improve the output of soybean.
Description
Technical field
A kind of space soybean cultivation method of the present invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, especially relates to the planting technology field of a kind of soybean.
Background technology
Soybean is the important economic crops of China.Traditionally to plant summer soybean, because affecting by breediness, weather conditions etc., extensive management and Pest organism harm, yield poorly in addition, of poor benefits.Through putting into practice for many years, planting summer soybean and will do a good job of it following several technical essentials.
One, planting technology
(1) proper seeding rational close planting: summer soybean will select kind in conjunction with local tillage condition and planting habit and soil fertility.Summer soybean sowing optimum period, can not exceed June 20 the latest generally in early June.Require that sufficient moisture in the soil is sowed, that sows time strong will water cover-head water, in order to emerging.Look into seedling after emerging in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning in tri-leaf period, five leaf phase final singlings.The plot mu that fertility is high stays seedling about 1.2 ten thousand strains; The plot that fertility is low can stay seedling more than 1.5 ten thousand strains by mu.
(2) nurturing staff: Soybean Seedlings Growth needs certain nutrient, before sowing, bottom application N, P, K with good conditionsi make base manure, and general mu executes Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 40kg, or execute decomposed manure 1500-2000kg and make base manure.The plot of non-basal dressing, executes in time after thinning and carries seed manure.Mu executes dedicated fertilizer for soybean 20 kilograms.To water dilution be
(3) balance fertilizing: soybean initial bloom stage is that nutrition and reproductive growth are gone forward side by side simultaneously, the nitrogen of the now rhizobium release of plant root can not meet its growth needs, imposes nitrogen and can promote Floral development and the growth of young pod.Generally take advantage of rain mu and execute urea 5-7kg, plant strain growth is crossed and is prosperously taken the circumstances into consideration decrement or do not execute urea.Enter pod bearing period can with the ammonium molybdate solution of 0.05%-0.1% or with 2% superphosphate solution every mu of consumption 50 kilograms of foliage-sprays, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 grams can be added in solution together spray with 100 grams, urea, every 7 days once, continuous three times, increase yield significantly.Spend to the podding duration that bears pods at the beginning of soybean, if weather arid will be watered optimum period, preventing from suffering from drought affects output.
Two, chemical weed control and pest control techniques
(1) optimum period, eliminates: carry out soil before broadcasting rear bud and close weeding, and every mu of use 72% that EC100-120ml or 50% acetochlor ec 100-150ml, sprays to water 30kg; Also can in the bean seedlings 1-3 sheet compound leaf phase, all kinds of weeds 3 to the 5 leaf phase, select 15% smart quizalofopethyl EC75ml to add 25% prowers AS50-60ml, water 50kg cauline leaf is sprayed for every mu.For guaranteeing chemical weed control quality, must the medication of accurate amount, accurate amount to water, optimum period, eliminates, and prevents from respraying, drain spray.
(2) prevent and cure diseases: damping off, root rot and southern blight very easily occur soybean seedling.With selecting 50% carbendazim WP 500g or 50% tmtd WP400g before kind, to water 2kg stirring and dissolving, then evenly dress seed 100kg, can sow after airing; Also at seedling leaf period, 50% topsin or 65% zineb 100g can be selected for every mu, to the spraying of water 50kg cauline leaf once.Soybean full-bloom stage prevents and treats one time with topsin again, effectively can control the generation of downy mildew and anthracnose.
(3) science controls worm: beans strain grows into contains flower to bearing pods the bulging grain stage, very easily the insects such as bridging worm, soybean leaf roll snout moth's larva, cotton bollworm, beet armyworm and prodenia litura occurs.In field, mixing occurs these insects, generation overlap, and cause harm wildness, pesticide resistance is strong, and the netted and zigzag blade whether will pay special attention to observe field at the beginning of from late July to 8 month has low instar larvae to gnaw occurs, once find to want timely medication to prevent and treat, every 7d once, continuous three times.Select low toxicity highly effective pesticide, medication is advocated dissimilar insecticide and is used alternatingly, in order to avoid insect develops immunity to drugs.Every mu of spraying liquid can not be less than 50kg.Spray date with afternoon 5 time after or the morning 9 time before.Liquid is sprayed directly on polypide as far as possible and tags, improve preventive effect.Applying biological insecticide is selected in later stage control, can with Mixture Use of Insecticides.Must guard against mixed with bactericide, otherwise without control efficiency.
But the implantation methods of existing soybean is also not suitable for the soybean planting of space breeding, and its plant of soybean produced due to space breeding is tall and big, the feature of well developed root system, the output that can not produce by existing soybean planting method.Therefore the planting technology of a kind of applicable aviation soybean is badly in need of.
Summary of the invention
In order to provide a kind of soybean varieties more adapting to aviation breeding, the invention provides the implantation methods of a kind of plantation newly this kind of space breeding soybean.Implantation methods of the present invention, mainly for a kind of soybean of aviation breeding, is characterized in that plant is tall and big, well developed root system, and bear pods many, output is high.
Concrete scheme is as follows: a kind of space soybean cultivation method, comprise selection of land, plantation and field management, it is characterized in that described plantation comprises and plough front fertilising, ridging overlay film, seed treatment, sowing and dense planting, described seed treatment comprises the steps: to bask seeds, when holding conditions is poor or seed moisture content is higher, should bask seeds before sowing 2 ~ 3 days, to improve bud ratio; Seed dressing, one is carry out rhizobium seed dressing, meet stub land at new reclaimed land, heavily or do not plant the plot of soybean for many years, every mu of soya seeds nitragin 500 grams, two is micro-fertilizer seed dressings, lack situation according to soil trace element, available ammonium aluminate, borax are dressed seed, and ammonium molybdate seed dressing consumption is that every kilogram of soya seeds mixes ammonium molybdate 2 ~ 4 grams; When dressing seed with borax, every kilogram of soya seeds mixes borax 1 ~ 3 gram; Dressing: use soybean seed-dressing agent special to carry out seed pelleting process aviation soybean.
In order to realize the present invention for cultivating the object of the soybean of high yield, its culture technique can further refinement:
Before described ploughing, fertilising, on the basis enriching farmyard manure, executes phosphorus potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer further, ploughs first every mu and spreads fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure 1000 ~ 1500kg, carbonic hydroammonium 30kg; Superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, phoxim granular agrochemical 1.5kg, thin ground of raking after ploughing.
Refer to that flood season the previous year terminates at described ridging overlay film further, front stubble receive after (or then early spring), on the basis once using sufficient fertilizer and the whole ground of deep ploughing, curved specification ridging is pushed up by row spacing 90cm, the high 10 ~ 15cm in ridge, ridge, the black mulch film that 90cm is wide, 0.007 ~ 0.008mm is thick is added a cover on top, ridge, mulch film will be close to face, ridge, under limit, ridge soil vertically will be imbedded in both sides, ridge teleblem is wanted firming band is windproof takes off film.Said procedure once can be completed by special-purpose machinery, workload per hour 3 ~ 4 mu.According to the study, this pattern, can improve the availability of natural resources (precipitation, temperature, air, microorganism) to greatest extent, fully excavates the productive potential of the means of production (seed, fertilizer, mulch film etc.), greatly reduce production cost, increase substantially crop yield.
Refer at described proper seeding further and generally sow optimum when the daily mean temperature of 5cm soil layer is stablized and reached 10 ~ 12 DEG C.This phase is sowed, and bean seedlings forge through low temperature, basal internode tubbiness, favourable resistant to lodging.Soybean podding duration also can be made to be in be conducive to the condition that protein is formed.
Refer to this kind in described rational close planting further, plant is higher, and point principal stresses is strong, and cauline leaf is in great numbers, and individual plant productivity ratio is high, suitably should strengthen distance between rows and hills.During sowing, on the ridge of overlay film, by little line-spacing 30cm, average row is apart from 45cm, and cave is apart from 30cm (also can do the comparative trial of cave apart from 40cm, 45cm), and cave is beaten in two angle modulation in the ranks, dark 3 ~ the 4cm in cave, every bunch planting 1 ~ 2 seed (namely by the order of 121 2).When soybean two lobe folder wholeheartedly carries out final singling to during first compound leaf expanded, select and remain a strain (when facing cave and being short of seedling, can stay two strains) in every cave, every mu stay seedling about 5000,3700,3300 strains.
The basis that soybean is achieved higher output in the described good soil condition that chooses further.HD-1 soybean root system is huge, buries and deeply can reach more than 1 meter, side root parallel expansion about 0.5 meter, and on root raw aerobic rhizobium.Root growth quality directly affects soybean yields and quality.So require that soil plough horizon is deep, the row of filling is convenient, nutrient is sufficient, good permeability.Solid-state in soil, liquid, gaseous state three eurythmies, ratio is about 45: 30: 25; Well, the content of organic matter 3.5% ~ 4%, 0 ~ 20cm topsoil soils unit weight is 0.95 ~ 1.10 gram/cm for water, fertilizer, gas, hot four property
3, total porosity 59.5% ~ 62.6% is advisable.
Further described field management () take precautions against drought water drainage soybean seedling due to leaf area little, transpiration amount is little, and water requirement is also less, generally more drought-enduring.The flower pod phase needs large quantity of moisture, but now enters rainy season fraction of the year of general, can meet the demand of soybean to moisture.In case of the dry season will promptly water the fraction of the year of special, meeting flood will note draining.Soybeans they grow enters podding duration needs large quantity of moisture equally, does not have enough moisture, and causes that flat pod is many, seed is little, output significantly reduces.This phase Soybean production is afraid of lack of water most, also the easiest lack of water.Now rainy season mistake, often occur the autumn drought, very unfavorable to large Salt black bean grain, thus this phase meet drought to promptly water.(2) control prosperous anti-down, space flight soybean, plant is tall and big, the leafy luxuriant easy lodging of branch.Lodge heavier, the underproduction is larger, and the lodging more early underproduction is heavier.Solve lodging problem, except in good time early sowing, rational close planting, apply fertilizers scientifically (heavy dressing phosphorus potash fertilizer, must guard against nitrogenous fertilizer excessive) outward, especially will according to soybean growing way, climatic condition, use growth regulator in good time, to reduce plant height and length of internode, increase stem thick, control prosperous length, strengthen capacity for the resistance to lodging.Soybean branching stage or initial bloom stage, every mu of use 5% uniconazole P wetting powder 20 ~ 40 grams or 15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 50 ~ 80 grams, to 40 ~ 50 kilograms, water, evenly spray cauline leaf, prevent prosperous length and lodging.(3) foliar application, blooms, pod bearing period executes foliage fertilizer, can effectively improve the nutrition of soybean later stage, prevent leaf presenility, correct micro-nutritional deficiency disease, promote that organic nutrition operates to seed, solve the problem of soybean " colored and unreal ", " pod and unreal ".The formula concentration of foliage fertilizer is: 1. urea 0.1% ~ 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, borax 0.1% ~ 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%.Every mu sprays mixing solution 50kg ~ 60kg at every turn.Can take the circumstances into consideration to spray twice, about 7 days, interval.2. special anti-Huolisu foliage fertilizer, base fertilizer: can dress seed, do base fertilizer, foliage-spray, is specifically shown in special anti-Huolisu product introduction and uses explanation.
The invention has the advantages that: implantation methods of the present invention more can adapt to the growth characteristic of the soybean of aviation breeding, more can improve the output of soybean.
Embodiment
For better explaining scheme provided by the invention, following embodiment is adopted to be explained:
Space flight soybean HD-1 is the high protein of up-to-date seed selection, high yield, Non-transgenic soybean new lines.Obtain its good quality and high output, must be noted that following cultural technigue.
One, choose ground
Good soil condition is the basis that soybean is achieved higher output.HD-1 soybean root system is huge, buries and deeply can reach more than 1 meter, side root parallel expansion about 0.5 meter, and on root raw aerobic rhizobium.Root growth quality directly affects soybean yields and quality.So require that soil plough horizon is deep, the row of filling is convenient, nutrient is sufficient, good permeability.Solid-state in soil, liquid, gaseous state three eurythmies, ratio is about 45:30:25; Well, the content of organic matter 3.5% ~ 4%, 0 ~ 20cm topsoil soils unit weight is 0.95 ~ 1.10 gram/cm3, and total porosity 59.5% ~ 62.6% is advisable for water, fertilizer, gas, hot four property.
Two, scientic planting
(1) fertilising before ploughing
On the basis enriching farmyard manure, heavy dressing phosphorus potash fertilizer, drinks nitrogen fertilizer application.Before ploughing, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure 1000 ~ 1500kg, carbonic hydroammonium 30kg; Superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, phoxim granular agrochemical 1.5kg (killing soil insect).To rake thin ground after ploughing.
(2) ridging overlay film
Flood season the previous year terminates, front stubble receive after (or then early spring), on the basis once using sufficient fertilizer and the whole ground of deep ploughing, curved specification ridging is pushed up by row spacing 90cm, the high 10 ~ 15cm in ridge, ridge, the black mulch film that 90cm is wide, 0.007 ~ 0.008mm is thick is added a cover on top, ridge, mulch film will be close to face, ridge, under limit, ridge soil vertically will be imbedded in both sides, ridge teleblem is wanted firming band is windproof takes off film.Said procedure once can be completed by special-purpose machinery, workload per hour 3 ~ 4 mu.According to the study, this pattern, can improve the availability of natural resources (precipitation, temperature, air, microorganism) to greatest extent, fully excavates the productive potential of the means of production (seed, fertilizer, mulch film etc.), greatly reduce production cost, increase substantially crop yield.
(3) seed treatment
1, bask seeds: when holding conditions is poor or seed moisture content is higher, should bask seeds before sowing 2 ~ 3 days, to improve bud ratio.
2, dress seed: one is carry out rhizobium seed dressing.Meet stub land at new reclaimed land, heavily or do not plant the plot of soybean for many years, every mu of soya seeds nitragin 500 grams; Two is micro-fertilizer seed dressings: lack situation according to soil trace element, available ammonium molybdate, borax are dressed seed.Ammonium molybdate seed dressing consumption is that every kilogram of soya seeds mixes ammonium molybdate 2 ~ 4 grams; When dressing seed with borax, every kilogram of soya seeds mixes borax 1 ~ 3 gram.
3, dressing: select registered soybean seed-dressing agent special (as more than 26% gram of good fortune seed coat agent 1:60 or 15% good fortune gram seed coat agent 1:60) to carry out seed pelleting process.
4, seed needs to do technical finesse after reclaiming and just can do seed use in the coming year, otherwise Yield and quality, emergence rate are not up to standard.
When micro-fertilizer seed dressing and seed pelleting are applied simultaneously, should dress seed by first micro-fertilizer, after drying in the shade, carry out seed pelleting again.Rhizobium should avoid applying with acid agrichemical simultaneously.
(4) proper seeding
Generally sow optimum when the daily mean temperature of 5cm soil layer is stablized and reached 10 ~ 12 DEG C.This phase is sowed, and bean seedlings forge through low temperature, basal internode tubbiness, favourable resistant to lodging.Soybean podding duration also can be made to be in be conducive to the condition that protein is formed.
(5) rational close planting
This kind, plant is higher, and point principal stresses is strong, and cauline leaf is in great numbers, and individual plant productivity ratio is high, suitably should strengthen distance between rows and hills.During sowing, on the ridge of overlay film, by little line-spacing 30cm, average row is apart from 45cm, and cave is apart from 30cm (also can do cave apart from 35cm-45cm), and cave is beaten in two angle modulation in the ranks, the dark 3 ~ 4cm in cave, every bunch planting 1 ~ 2 seed or the order by 1212.When soybean two lobe folder wholeheartedly carries out final singling to during first compound leaf expanded, select and remain a strain (when facing cave and being short of seedling, can stay two strains) in every cave, every mu stay seedling about 5000,3700,3300 strains.
Three, field management
(1) to take precautions against drought water drainage
Soybean seedling due to leaf area little, transpiration amount is little, and water requirement is also less, generally more drought-enduring.The flower pod phase needs large quantity of moisture, but now enters rainy season fraction of the year of general, can meet the demand of soybean to moisture.In case of the dry season will promptly water the fraction of the year of special, meeting flood will note draining.Soybeans they grow enters podding duration needs large quantity of moisture equally, does not have enough moisture, and causes that flat pod is many, seed is little, output significantly reduces.This phase Soybean production is afraid of lack of water most, also the easiest lack of water.Now rainy season mistake, often occur the autumn drought, very unfavorable to large Salt black bean grain, thus this phase meet drought to promptly water.
(2) control prosperous anti-down
Space flight soybean, plant is tall and big, the leafy luxuriant easy lodging of branch.Lodge heavier, the underproduction is larger, and the lodging more early underproduction is heavier.Solve lodging problem, except in good time early sowing, rational close planting, apply fertilizers scientifically (heavy dressing phosphorus potash fertilizer, must guard against nitrogenous fertilizer excessive) outward, especially will according to soybean growing way, climatic condition, use growth regulator in good time, to reduce plant height and length of internode, increase stem thick, control prosperous length, strengthen capacity for the resistance to lodging.Soybean branching stage or initial bloom stage, every mu of use 5% uniconazole P wetting powder 20 ~ 40 grams or 15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 50 ~ 80 grams, to 40 ~ 50 kilograms, water, evenly spray cauline leaf, prevent prosperous length and lodging.
(3) foliar application
Bloom, pod bearing period executes foliage fertilizer, can effectively improve the nutrition of soybean later stage, prevent leaf presenility, correct micro-nutritional deficiency disease, promote that organic nutrition operates to seed, solve the problem of soybean " colored and unreal ", " pod and unreal ".
The formula concentration of foliage fertilizer is: 1. urea 0.1% ~ 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, borax 0.1% ~ 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%.Every mu sprays mixing solution 50kg ~ 60kg at every turn.Can take the circumstances into consideration to spray twice, about 5 ~ 7 days, interval.
2. special anti-Huolisu foliage fertilizer, base fertilizer: can dress seed, do base fertilizer, foliage-spray, is specifically shown in special anti-Huolisu product introduction and uses explanation.
Claims (2)
1. a space soybean cultivation method, comprise selection of land, plantation and field management, it is characterized in that described plantation comprises and plough front fertilising, ridging overlay film, seed treatment, sowing and dense planting, described seed treatment comprises the steps: to bask seeds, when holding conditions is poor or seed moisture content is higher, should bask seeds before sowing 2 ~ 3 days, to improve bud ratio, seed dressing, one is carry out rhizobium seed dressing, meet stub land at new reclaimed land, heavily or do not plant the plot of soybean for many years, every mu of soya seeds nitragin 500 grams, two is micro-fertilizer seed dressings, lack situation according to soil trace element, available ammonium molybdate, borax are dressed seed, and ammonium molybdate seed dressing consumption is that every kilogram of soya seeds mixes ammonium molybdate 2 ~ 4 grams, when dressing seed with borax, every kilogram of soya seeds mixes borax 1 ~ 3 gram, and described front fertilising of ploughing refers to that ploughing first every mu spreads fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure 1000 ~ 1500kg, carbonic hydroammonium 30kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, phoxim granular agrochemical 1.5kg, to rake thin ground after ploughing, described ridging overlay film refers to that flood season the previous year terminates, after front stubble is received or then early spring, on the basis once using sufficient fertilizer and the whole ground of deep ploughing, by row spacing 90cm, high 10 ~ the 15cm in ridge, curved specification ridging is pushed up on ridge, it is wide that 90cm is added a cover on top, ridge, the black mulch film that 0.007 ~ 0.008mm is thick, mulch film will be close to face, ridge, under limit, ridge soil vertically will be imbedded in both sides, ridge teleblem is wanted firming band is windproof takes off film, it is characterized in that described sowing and dense planting sowing optimum when reaching 10 ~ 12 DEG C that refers to that daily mean temperature when 5cm soil layer is stable, when dense planting refers to sowing, on the ridge of overlay film, by little line-spacing 30cm, average row is apart from 45cm, and cave is apart from 30cm, and cave is beaten in two angle modulation in the ranks, the dark 3 ~ 4cm in cave, every bunch planting 1 ~ 2 seed, when soybean two lobe folder wholeheartedly carries out final singling to during first compound leaf expanded, select and remain a strain in every cave.
2. space soybean cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described field management comprises: soybean branching stage or initial bloom stage, every mu of use 5% uniconazole P wetting powder 20 ~ 40 grams or 15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 50 ~ 80 grams, be watered 40 ~ 50 kilograms, evenly spray cauline leaf, prevent prosperous length and lodging; Foliar application, bloom, pod bearing period executes foliage fertilizer, the formula concentration of foliage fertilizer is: urea 0.1% ~ 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, borax 0.1% ~ 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%, and every mu sprays mixing solution 50kg ~ 60kg at every turn; Can take the circumstances into consideration to spray twice, 5 ~ 7 days, interval; Special anti-Huolisu foliage fertilizer, base fertilizer: can dress seed, do base fertilizer, foliage-spray.
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| CN105432266A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-03-30 | 王贵孝 | Film mulching cultivation method for organic soybeans |
| CN104335807A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-02-11 | 高深 | Planting method for soybeans |
| CN104798596B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2017-04-19 | 勃利县民兴高蛋白大豆专业合作社 | High-yielding soybean cultivation method |
| CN105075588A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-25 | 太仓市南杨农场专业合作社 | Method for culturing soybean, substantially reducing pest and disease damage and improving yield and quality |
| CN105850448A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-17 | 固镇县传红家庭农场 | Method for planting green pollution-free soybean |
| CN105850450A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-17 | 固镇县传红家庭农场 | Soybean planting method |
| CN108293733B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2020-10-09 | 麦意琳 | Nutrient-rich quality rice planting mode and method |
| CN106489492A (en) * | 2016-10-22 | 2017-03-15 | 杨继周 | A kind of method for promoting soybean blossoming |
| CN106688535A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-24 | 盐城市大丰区小海镇农业技术推广综合服务中心 | Soybean dwarf culture method |
| CN106905037A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-30 | 黑龙江八农垦大学 | A kind of interacting composition for preventing the lodging of mung bean middle and later periods and improving the foliar spray conditioning agent and nutrient of yield |
| CN106856940A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-20 | 安徽金培因科技有限公司 | A kind of free of contamination soybean planting method of high yield |
| CN112335512A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-09 | 阜新宇普乐航天育种生态科技有限公司 | Soybean breeding process and planting method thereof |
| CN112470848B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-02-17 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh edible vegetables |
| CN113229090B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-01-25 | 山东禹王生态食业有限公司 | High-yield cultivation and processing method for soybean stems and leaves |
| CN113498721A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-10-15 | 江西泉彩农业高科技开发有限公司 | Space soybean cultivation technology |
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| CN1947487A (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2007-04-18 | 杨道敬 | Method for culture of space-series soybean |
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