CN116120124A

CN116120124A - Novel fertilizer synergist and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN116120124A
Application number: CN202211729262.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贾亮; 邹朋; 杨位红; 常玉妍; 李新柱; 何川; 张明
Original assignee: HEZE KINGENTA ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO LTD; Shandong Jinqiu Yuantian Biotechnology Co ltd; Woft Compound Fertilizer Co ltd; Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co Ltd; Guangdong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: HEZE KINGENTA ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING CO LTD; Shandong Jinqiu Yuantian Biotechnology Co ltd; Woft Compound Fertilizer Co ltd; Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co Ltd; Guangdong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-30
Filing date: 2022-12-30
Publication date: 2023-05-16

Abstract

The invention provides a novel fertilizer synergist and a preparation method and application thereof. The novel fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15-30 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 10-25 parts of polyaspartate, 30-50 parts of polyepoxysuccinate and 1-10 parts of trace elements. The fertilizer synergist can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the fertilizer. The synergistic effect of DMPP, polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate in the invention can reduce the loss of nitrogen and the fixation of phosphorus, can simultaneously improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus of fertilizer, reduce the loss of fertilizer, and the synergistic characteristic of delayed release of nitrogen and phosphorus in the fertilizer formula further promotes the absorption of quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus of plants to soil, improves the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, and promotes the rapid growth of crops.

Description

Novel fertilizer synergist and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a novel fertilizer synergist and a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a novel fertilizer synergist capable of improving nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rate and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers.

Background

The contribution rate of the fertilizer to the per unit growth of crops in China is up to 40% -50%. In recent years, however, unscientific fertilization and blind and massive fertilization for pursuing yield cause rapid increase of fertilization, but grain yield is not increased correspondingly rapidly. More importantly, the fertilizer utilization rate of China is very low in the season, the average of the fertilizer utilization rate is only 35%, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient utilization rates are respectively 30-35%, 10-25% and 35-50%, and compared with developed countries, the fertilizer utilization rate of China is generally lower by about 40%. Thereby causing various problems such as resource waste, environmental pollution, and quality degradation of agricultural products.

There are data showing that domestic fertilizer production and consumption have equilibrated at the beginning of 2007, after which fertilizer supply is greater than demand. According to statistics of nitrogen fertilizer association, the yield excess rates of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in China are respectively up to 30% and 48%; potash fertilizer still needs to be imported due to insufficient resources, and the self-supply rate is close to 60% at present; the fertilizer has 2 hundred million tons of yield and 5000-6000 ten thousand tons of yield, and the operating rate is less than 30 percent. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer, the fertilizer synergist with the function of improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is used and popularized, and has important significance for realizing zero growth of the fertilizer and weight losing and efficiency improvement.

Research shows that DMPP is taken as a novel nitrification inhibitor, and can delay the nitrification process of ammonium nitrogen by inhibiting the activity of nitrifying bacteria in soil, thereby effectively reducing nitrogen leaching loss and N caused by fertilization ₂ O is discharged, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is improved. The DMPP has the characteristics of low dosage, obvious inhibition effect, environmental protection and no toxicity. The traditional application mode of the DMPP is to use phosphoric acid as a solvent, and the acidity and the moisture content of the phosphoric acid are high, so that the acidity and the moisture content of particles after spraying are easily increased, and the quality problem of pulverization or strength reduction of the particle products is caused.

Therefore, the development of a novel fertilizer synergist effectively improves the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus and has important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel fertilizer synergist and a preparation method and application thereof. The fertilizer synergist can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the fertilizer.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a novel fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15-30 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 10-25 parts of polyaspartate, 30-50 parts of polyepoxysuccinate and 1-10 parts of trace elements.

According to the invention, the nitrification inhibitor is a mixture of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and an aqueous phosphoric acid solution, and the concentration of the aqueous phosphoric acid solution is 85wt%; the molar ratio of the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) to the phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid aqueous solution is 1:0.3-0.8; the DMPP and the phosphoric acid are compounded according to the proportion of the invention, so that the stability of the DMPP can be improved, the performance of the nitrification inhibitor is further improved, and the performance of the DMPP can be reduced when the proportion is too high or too low.

According to the invention, preferably, the polyaspartate is potassium polyaspartate and/or sodium polyaspartate; the polyaspartate has a viscosity average molecular weight of 5000-6000.

According to the invention, preferably, the polyepoxysuccinate is sodium polyepoxysuccinate and/or potassium polyepoxysuccinate; the polyepoxysuccinate is a commercial liquid with a solid content of 35-40wt% and a viscosity average molecular weight of 600-800.

According to the invention, the microelements are preferably one or more than two of EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, ammonium heptamolybdate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate and anhydrous copper sulfate.

According to the invention, the preparation method of the novel fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:

mixing the nitrification inhibitor, polyaspartate, polyepoxysuccinate and trace elements uniformly.

According to the invention, the application of the novel fertilizer synergist in granular fertilizers and liquid fertilizers; the granular fertilizer and the liquid fertilizer contain nitrogen and phosphorus elements.

According to the application of the present invention, the preferred method of application in a granulated fertilizer is as follows: the novel fertilizer synergist is used for carrying out external spraying on the surface of the granular fertilizer, or is added by using roller equipment in the granulating process of the granular fertilizer, so that the fertilizer synergist is adhered to the surface of the granular fertilizer, and the external spraying addition amount of the fertilizer synergist on the surface of the granular fertilizer product is 2-5kg/t.

According to the application of the present invention, the preferred method of application in liquid fertilisers is as follows: the novel fertilizer synergist is added into the liquid fertilizer for use, and is uniformly added into the liquid fertilizer in a stirring manner; the addition amount of the fertilizer synergist in the liquid fertilizer is 2-10kg/t.

The invention has the technical characteristics and beneficial effects that:

1. the fertilizer synergist contains DMPP, polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate, and the DMPP can exist stably in a system of polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinic acid, so that the loss caused by volatilization is reduced; and polyaspartic acid and polyepoxysuccinic acid belong to macromolecular organic matters, which have the function of chelating metal mineral elements in solution, and when polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate are applied to soil together with fertilizer, the two macromolecular organic matters can reduce the fixation of phosphate and ammonium ions in the soil and the fertilizer by combining or adsorbing metal cations and colloids around the fertilizer, thereby prolonging the moving distance of phosphorus, reducing the fixation loss of ammonium nitrogen and improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer. The synergistic effect of DMPP, polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate in the invention can reduce the loss of nitrogen and the fixation of phosphorus, can simultaneously improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus of fertilizer, reduce the loss of fertilizer, and the synergistic characteristic of delayed release of nitrogen and phosphorus in the fertilizer formula further promotes the absorption of quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus of plants to soil, improves the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, and promotes the rapid growth of crops.

2. The invention develops a novel fertilizer synergist, and has wider application advantages compared with the existing single nitrogen fertilizer stabilizer. Firstly, the fertilizer synergist is different from other fertilizer synergists reported at present in terms of use function, can be directly used in all nitrogen and phosphorus-containing fertilizers, and realizes the fertilizer efficiency extension of nitrogen and phosphorus by means of combination of biology and chemistry; secondly, on the use effect, the fertilizer synergist not only has a regulation and control function on soil and fertilizer, but also can accelerate plant metabolism by stimulating plant root systems, enhance the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants and realize the high-efficiency utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus; compared with a fertilizer synergist product which is used for independently carrying out synergism on nitrogen or phosphorus, the invention can synergistically promote the high-efficiency absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus of the fertilizer. The novel fertilizer synergist developed by the invention can effectively realize the improvement of the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus through the triple regulation and control of soil, fertilizer and plants, and achieves the purposes of enhancing the efficiency, losing weight and not reducing the yield.

3. The fertilizer synergist is a liquid preparation, can be conveniently externally coated or internally added into a fertilizer, and also contains trace elements, so that the growth requirement of plants is further met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different fertilizer potentiators on nitrogen leaching in a test example.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different fertilizer potentiators on phosphorus leaching in the test examples.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated, but not limited, by the following examples.

The starting materials described in the examples are all conventional commercial products.

The potassium polyepoxysuccinate used in the examples had a solids content of 40% by weight and a viscosity average molecular weight of 600-800.

The viscosity average molecular weight of the used potassium polyaspartate is 5000-6000; the concentration of phosphoric acid used was 85wt%.

15-15-15 compound fertilizer used in test example, and N-P-K mass contents are 15%, 15% and 15% respectively.

Example 1

The preparation method of the novel fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:

40kg of polyepoxysuccinate potassium, 16kg of polyaspartic acid potassium, 20kg of DMPP, 8kg of phosphoric acid, 3kg of EDTA chelated zinc and 3kg of boric acid are mixed and stirred for uniform dispersion, so as to obtain the fertilizer synergist A.

Comparative example 1

The preparation method of the fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:

56kg of potassium polyaspartate, 20kg of DMPP, 8kg of phosphoric acid, 3kg of EDTA chelated zinc and 3kg of borax are dissolved with 24kg of water to obtain the fertilizer synergist B.

In this comparative example, polyepoxysuccinate was not added.

Comparative example 2

56kg of polyepoxysuccinate, 20kg of DMPP, 8kg of phosphoric acid, 3kg of EDTA chelated zinc and 3kg of borax are mixed and stirred for uniform dispersion, so as to obtain the fertilizer synergist C.

Polyaspartate was not added to this comparative example.

Comparative example 3

The preparation method of the fertilizer synergist is as described in example 1, except that: the addition amount of the polyepoxysuccinate is 20kg, and the fertilizer synergist D is obtained.

Comparative example 4

The preparation method of the fertilizer synergist is as described in example 1, except that: the addition amount of the polyepoxysuccinate is 70kg, and the fertilizer synergist E is obtained.

Comparative example 5

the preparation method of the fertilizer synergist is as described in example 1, except that: the addition amount of the potassium polyaspartate is 40kg, and the fertilizer synergist F is obtained.

Comparative example 6

The preparation method of the fertilizer synergist is as described in example 1, except that: 40kg (40 wt% concentration) of potassium polyglutamate solution was used instead of potassium polyepoxysuccinate to obtain fertilizer synergist G.

Test examples

Spraying the fertilizer synergists obtained in the examples 1 and the comparative examples 1-6 to the surfaces of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer granules according to the external application of 3kg/t, standing for 15 days in the environment of 25 ℃ to obtain synergists of compound fertilizer A, compound fertilizer B, compound fertilizer C, compound fertilizer D, compound fertilizer E, compound fertilizer F and compound fertilizer G, directly adding DMPP to the surfaces of 15-15-15 compound fertilizers, and standing for 15 days in the environment of 25 ℃ to obtain compound fertilizer H.

1. Simulated leaching test for earth pillar

The soil to be tested is wet soil (ph=8.11), after air-drying, the soil is sieved by a 2mm sieve, the soil columns are filled, each soil column is filled with 1.5kg of soil, the inner diameter is 10cm, the column height is 20cm, 5 treatments are set up, and the treatments are respectively control CK:15-15-15 composite fertilizer, T1: compound fertilizer H, T2: compound fertilizer a, T3: compound fertilizer B, T4: and C, compound fertilizer. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Uniformly mixing fertilizer and soil, filling columns, wherein each column contains 3g of fertilizer, and then leaching 300mL of water each time; leaching once every three days, collecting leaching solution each time, and measuring the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the soil leaching solution so as to determine the movement state of the fertilizer in the soil. During the test, the fertilizer is leached for 10 times, the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the leaching solution is detected respectively, and the related results are shown in fig. 1 and 2.

The results in FIG. 1 show that the common 15-15-15 fertilizer is used in the control treatment, the accumulated nitrogen content of the 10 times of leaching liquid is 67.1mg at the highest, and the accumulated nitrogen content is higher than that of other treatment groups, so that the fertilizer synergist is beneficial to reducing the leaching loss of nitrogen and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The leaching amount of nitrogen treated by T2 is far lower than T1, which indicates that the formula of the invention improves the stability of DMPP, thereby leading the DMPP to have better nitrification inhibition effect; the leaching amount of the nitrogen treated by the T2 is respectively lower than that of the groups T3 and T4, which indicates that the formula system of the DMPP, polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate can play a synergistic role, and further improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen.

The result of figure 2 shows that the common 15-15-15 fertilizer is used in the control treatment, and the accumulated phosphorus content of the 10 times of leaching solution is 3.6mg which is far lower than 5.1mg of the T2 synergistic compound fertilizer. Phosphate availability is generally low due to poor mobility of phosphorus in the soil. In the test, in the treatment of applying the fertilizer synergist, the leaching amount of the phosphorus is increased, which indicates that the moving distance of the phosphorus is obviously increased, thereby being beneficial to the absorption and utilization of the phosphorus by the root system and improving the utilization efficiency of the phosphorus. The leaching amount of the phosphorus treated by T1 is close to that of a control, which indicates that the nitrification inhibitor has small influence on the phosphorus of the fertilizer; the leaching amount of the phosphorus treated by the T3 and the T4 is far lower than that of the phosphorus treated by the T2, which indicates that the potassium polyaspartate and the polyepoxysuccinate play a synergistic role in improving the mobility of phosphoric acid, the effect is better than that of using a single component, and the further improvement of the utilization efficiency of the phosphorus can be realized.

Test results show that after the novel fertilizer synergist is added, the loss of nitrogen in the fertilizer applied to soil is obviously reduced, and the movement of phosphorus is obviously increased. The novel fertilizer synergist has the advantages that the nitrification inhibitor and the phosphate fertilizer synergist are organically combined, so that the loss and fixation of the fertilizer are synergistically reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.

2. Crop potting test

The potted wheat test is adopted, and the influence of the novel synergist on the phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil is further illustrated by measuring the nitrogen absorption capacity, the phosphorus absorption capacity and the yield of the wheat.

The test soil is brown soil, wheat variety, jimai 22, the test is 10 treatments, each treatment is repeated four times, each pot of soil is 10kg, each pot of soil layer is about 60cm, and 8 wheat seeds are sowed in each pot of soil. The 10 treatments were respectively: CK: the fertilizer is not applied; t1:15-15-15 of common compound fertilizer; t2: a compound fertilizer H; t3: a compound fertilizer A; t4: a compound fertilizer B; t5: a compound fertilizer C; t6: a compound fertilizer D; t7: a compound fertilizer E; t8: a compound fertilizer F; t9: and (3) a compound fertilizer G. 5g of fertilizer is used in each pot of treatment test, the same farmland management is adopted in each treatment test for sowing, watering and seed testing after harvesting, the wheat yield after harvesting, the absorption of nitrogen in the overground part plants and the absorption of phosphorus in the plants are respectively measured in each treatment test, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and the phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency are calculated.

After wheat is harvested, biomass of plants on the upper parts of each land is measured, nitrogen content of the plants is measured, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is calculated by measuring nitrogen absorption amount of the upper parts of the wheat which is not fertilized in a blank manner, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency= (nitrogen absorption amount of plants in a nitrogen application area-nitrogen absorption amount of plants in a nitrogen application area)/nitrogen application amount is multiplied by 100 percent; phosphate fertilizer utilization = (phosphorus uptake of plants in phosphorus applying region-phosphorus uptake of plants in phosphorus not applying region)/phosphorus applying amount x 100%.

The cumulative amounts of nitrogen in the wheat and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of the different fertilization treatments are shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Nitrogen uptake and Nitrogen fertilizer in-season utilization of plants treated with different fertilizations

As can be seen from Table 1, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is only 29.3% when the common 15-15-15 compound fertilizer is applied, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the fertilizer T2 treated by using the synergist DMPP is 36%, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the wheat is improved by 22.9% compared with that of the common fertilizer; the utilization rate of the wheat nitrogen fertilizer is 57.3% by using the T3 treated by the novel synergist A, and is improved by 95.6% compared with the common fertilizer; the utilization rates of the T4 and T5 nitrogen fertilizers are respectively 44% and 46.7% which are lower than T3, so that the novel fertilizer synergist contains the synergistic components of polyepoxysuccinate, polyaspartate, DMPP and the like in specific proportions, and the yield and the nitrogen accumulation of wheat are greatly improved through synergistic effect, so that the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizers is improved. T6-T8, however, shows that polyepoxysuccinate, polyaspartate, only has a beneficial synergistic effect at the specific addition levels according to the invention. T9 indicates that changing the type of polymer salt, the synergism of polyepoxysuccinate and polyaspartate is lost and the resulting synergist is less effective.

The cumulative amounts of phosphorus and the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of the wheat treated by different fertilization are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 phosphorus uptake and phosphorus fertilizer utilization at the season for plants treated with different fertilizations

As can be seen from Table 2, the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is only 4.6% by applying the common 15-15-15 fertilizer T1, and the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is 6.1% by using the DMPP synergistic fertilizer T2, because the nitrogen absorption rate of plants is increased, and the phosphorus utilization rate is improved; the novel synergistic agent is used for synergistic fertilizer T3, so that the utilization rate of the wheat phosphate fertilizer is improved by 178.2% compared with that of the common fertilizer; the utilization rates of the phosphate fertilizers of T4 and T5 are 8.9 percent and 9.3 percent respectively, and are smaller than that of the phosphate fertilizer of T3, which indicates that the synergistic components such as polyepoxysuccinate, polyaspartate, DMPP and the like contained in the novel fertilizer synergistic agent greatly improve the yield of crops and the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer through synergistic effect. T6-T8, however, shows that polyepoxysuccinate, polyaspartate, only has a beneficial synergistic effect at the specific addition levels according to the invention. T9 indicates that changing the type of polymer salt, the synergism of polyepoxysuccinate and polyaspartate is lost and the resulting synergist is less effective.

And the yield of the wheat treated by the T3 applied with the compound fertilizer A is obviously higher than that of other treatments. In conclusion, the results show that the novel fertilizer synergist can obviously improve the on-season fertilizer utilization rate of wheat. The nitrogen and the phosphorus of the fertilizer are simultaneously enhanced by the fertilizer enhanced by the novel fertilizer synergist, and the absorption and utilization efficiency of crops to various elements is greatly improved by the synergistic effect of various substances in the formula, so that the improvement of the crop yield is promoted.

Claims

1. The novel fertilizer synergist is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15-30 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 10-25 parts of polyaspartate, 30-50 parts of polyepoxysuccinate and 1-10 parts of trace elements.

2. The novel fertilizer synergist of claim 1 wherein the nitrification inhibitor is a mixture of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and an aqueous phosphoric acid solution, the aqueous phosphoric acid solution having a concentration of 85wt%.

3. The novel fertilizer synergist of claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) to phosphoric acid in the aqueous phosphoric acid solution is 1:0.3-0.8.

4. The novel fertilizer synergist of claim 1, wherein the polyaspartate is potassium polyaspartate and/or sodium polyaspartate; the polyaspartate has a viscosity average molecular weight of 5000-6000.

5. The novel fertilizer synergist of claim 1 wherein the polyepoxysuccinate is sodium polyepoxysuccinate and/or potassium polyepoxysuccinate; the solid content of the polyepoxysuccinate is 35-40wt%, and the viscosity average molecular weight of the polyepoxysuccinate is 600-800.

6. The novel fertilizer synergist of claim 1, wherein the trace elements are one or a combination of more than two of EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, ammonium heptamolybdate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, and anhydrous copper sulfate.

7. A process for preparing the novel fertiliser synergist of any one of claims 1 to 6 comprising the steps of:

8. Use of the novel fertilizer synergist of any one of claims 1-6 in granular and liquid fertilizers.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that the method of application in a granulated fertilizer is as follows: the novel fertilizer synergist is used for carrying out external spraying on the surface of the granular fertilizer, or is added by using roller equipment in the granulating process of the granular fertilizer, so that the fertilizer synergist is adhered to the surface of the granular fertilizer, and the external spraying addition amount of the fertilizer synergist on the surface of the granular fertilizer product is 2-5kg/t.

10. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that the method of application in liquid fertilizer is as follows: the fertilizer synergist is added into the liquid fertilizer for use, and is uniformly added into the liquid fertilizer by stirring; the addition amount of the fertilizer synergist in the liquid fertilizer is 2-10kg/t.