CN105723905A - Potash fertilizer application method used in cooperation with wheat-corn crop rotation anniversary whole straw returning - Google Patents
Potash fertilizer application method used in cooperation with wheat-corn crop rotation anniversary whole straw returning Download PDFInfo
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- CN105723905A CN105723905A CN201610086392.7A CN201610086392A CN105723905A CN 105723905 A CN105723905 A CN 105723905A CN 201610086392 A CN201610086392 A CN 201610086392A CN 105723905 A CN105723905 A CN 105723905A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a potash fertilizer application method used in cooperation with wheat-corn crop rotation anniversary whole straw returning.The method mainly includes the steps of returning straw to the field after corn harvesting, sowing wheat seeds, applying fertilizer, sowing corn in a no-tillage mode after wheat straw is returned to the field and applying fertilizer, wherein under the condition that wheat and corn are at the high-yield level and in other words, the wheat yield is 400-600 kg/mu and the corn yield is 500-700 kg/mu and under the condition that all wheat straw and corn straw are returned to the field after grain harvesting, calculated as K2O, the anniversary potassium nutrient input is 9-13 kg/mu, the application amount of wheat season nutrients accounts for 27-45% of the anniversary amount, and the application amount of corn season potassium nutrients accounts for 55-73% of the anniversary amount.Returning of straw of crops of two seasons is fully considered, powerful potassium compensation is conducted on soil, the fertilizer application amount and the distribution ratio are determined according to potassium requirement rules of the two types of crops, potassium supply in different growth periods of the two types of crops is ensured, total amount regulation and control and staged planning and management are achieved, the method is effectively combined with cultivation and tillage measures, the potash fertilizer utilization rate is greatly increased, and potassium balance of the soil-crop system and sustainable utilization of lands are ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fertilizing method of a kind of Semen Tritici aestivi and Semen Maydis, be specifically related to a kind of cooperation Winter Wheat in Huanghuaihai Region and summer corn
The straw in bi-annual planting anniversary goes back the potash fertilizer application method in field entirely, belongs to agricultural fertilizer technical field.
Background technology
Winter wheat and summer corn are the staple food crops of Huang-Huai-Hai, and Huang-Huai-Hai grain yield occupies act foot in the whole nation
The status of weight, thereby ensure that the stable yields of this area's Semen Tritici aestivi and Semen Maydis and volume increase are significant.For ensureing that grain yield continues
Stable increase, production uses substantial amounts of chemical fertilizer to promote the demand of its nutrient, use chemical fertilizer in a large number and not only cause energy consumption
Increasing, the decline of plant recovery of nutrient, the deterioration of ecological environment, also the sustainable development idea with agricultural is runed counter to.In this background
Under, in March, 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture proposed the strategy of agricultural development target of " it is basic that a control two subtracts three ", and wherein " two subtract " is chemical fertilizer agriculture
The using total amount and to subtract of medicine, " three is basic " for Livestock pollution, mulch film and crop straw burning problem by recycling
Way is from resolving at all.In order to preferably reach the final goal of " fat-reducing ", chemical fertilizer production enterprise has also begun to the tax policy,
Country also starts emphasis research and development special project, and all measures show that all departments subtract the firm resolution executed to chemical fertilizer.Although it is with clearly defined objective,
But conscientiously to reduce using of fertilizer, the risk of crop failure can be risked, execute in the anniversary crop rotation of Huang-Huai-Hai wheat and corn at present
There are problems on fertilizer, be not to be only capable of just being reached stable yields by reducing application amount to increase income the purpose with ecological, environmental protective,
As: N P and K put into that Discrepancy among areas is big, precipitation is unbalanced, some areas are excessive and not enough and deposit, two season crop nutrition content
Distributing not science, particularly under the current policy driving advocating straw also field entirely, potash fertilizer is planned strategies for unreasonable etc., and these aspects are not
But affect stablizing of wheat and corn yield, be less useful for chemical fertilizer and subtract dynamic the carrying out of execution.
Huang-Huai-Hai Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System area, both crops occupy leading area in grain yield, after grain harvest
Straw-returning be main Land use systems, Ye Shi government promote major measure, current this area Semen Tritici aestivi mechanical harvest straw is also
Field rate reaches more than 90%, and Semen Maydis machinery harvesting and stalk machinery also field rate has also reached 60%-70%, a large amount of generations of straw
Also many problems are brought with also field, the nutrient problem of operations research after giving back such as straw-returning processing mode, straw nutrient, particularly
Two season straw-returning substantial amounts of carbon can be brought to put into, how in 1 year, decomposition consumes the amount of a hectare about 15 tons and is strictly locality
Realistic problem in production, processes the bad growth promoter that more can affect next batch of crop, this be also some area crop straw burning repeatly
Prohibiting the main cause that more than phenomenon occurs, additionally in wheat and corn crop, (and nitrogen phosphorus is divided and be stored in the middle of straw to the potassium attainment of 80%
Nutrient then major storage is in seed), straw-returning soil nutrient is given back to soil potassium be particularly one highly advantageous
Supplementing, owing to straw decomposition potassium element dissolution is a phase process, and crop there is also certain rule to the demand of potassium nutrition
Rule, therefore two season crop material potash fertilizer of entirely also how planning strategies under the conditions of field coordinate straw application to be that on current production is important
Problem, is also the important ring of potentiation of losing weight in cereal crops.Comparing nitrogen phosphorus nutrient, potassium element is to wheat and corn yield composition
During importance lower slightly, if but not application of potash fertilizer, soil potassium consumes year by year, then can become the restriction of yield composition because of
Son, but use too much or time mode is inaccurate, then can cause by under soil fixing or loss, especially straw-returning
It is the new problem that faces on producing that potash fertilizer is planned strategies for.
At present, disclose the patent documentation of report, rarely had report about what wheat and corn anniversary potash fertilizer was planned strategies for, especially at straw
Stalk is gone back in the Potassium Fertilizer Application methods under field entirely, and e.g., Chinese patent literature 201410211321.6 discloses a kind of minimizing agriculture
The technology of crop K Amounts, the method has been only referred to enter K Amounts at flower bud differentiation period (panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage) initial stage
Go restriction, and be specifically addressed for crop and planting system, the potash fertilizer under the conditions of straw-returning has not the most been described
Whether consumption can adjust, thus has just drawn this kind of technology that can reduce Potassium Fertilizer, it appears some is general.And for example,
Chinese patent literature 200910230076.2 discloses the ripe crop material of wheat and corn two and entirely goes back Integrated fertilizer application method under the conditions of field,
More highlight planning strategies for of nitrogenous fertilizer, the supplementary function of potassium in also field straw is not better illustrated, does not the most embody straw
Also field process for filling potassium is by a time effect of such environmental effects.Under current wheat and corn bi-annual planting working condition, potash fertilizer
Use the potassium element that brings after not accounting for straw-returning to supplement, but simply by traditional habit carry out (before Wheat Sowing
Base fertilizer disposably applies, and Semen Maydis is disposably applied by compound fertilizer on seed manure or fertilising for the first time, and the later stage does not carry out potash fertilizer and chases after
Execute), do not account for the distribution between crops for rotation and potassium nutrition efficiently utilizes in amount and in mode yet, due to potassium nutrition input not
Pollution of area source phenomenon can be brought as nitrogen phosphorus to occur, it is used the height according further to fertilizer price and decides whether to use,
So also in a kind of not essential, to use the fertilising without foundation conceptive, subtract with current fertilizer and execute potentiation, energy-saving and emission-reduction, agriculture
The theory of industry sustainable development is disagreed.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention is directed to Wheat Maize bi-annual planting plantation area, Huang-Huai-Hai, it is provided that one
Plant the potash fertilizer application method coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back field.
The straw in a kind of Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary also field entirely coordinates the application process of potash fertilizer, it is contemplated that winter wheat and summer corn pair
Potassium under the amount of application mode that the demand rule of potassium nutrition, potash fertilizer efficiently utilize and time, particularly straw typical case also field mode is supported
Divide and give back the aspects such as supplementary: at Huang-Huai-Hai plain Wheat Maize bi-annual planting area, (Semen Tritici aestivi under middle high yield yield level
400-600kg/ mu, Semen Maydis 500-700kg/ mu), after grain harvest, wheat stalk and corn straw all go back the condition in field
Under.Anniversary, potash fertilizer input amount was (with K2O counts) it is 9-13kg/ mu, Semen Tritici aestivi season puts into ratio and accounts for the 27%-45% in anniversary, Semen Maydis
Season, applicating ratio was 55%-73%.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of potash fertilizer application method coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back field, after mainly including harvest corn, straw is also
Field sowing Semen Tritici aestivi, fertilising, no-tillage seeding Semen Maydis, fertilising after wheat stalk returning, step is as follows:
(1) after harvest corn, simultaneously by corn straw smashing uniform fold earth's surface, corn straw decomposing agent is then used rotten
Ripe, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition are uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogen nutrient accounts for nitrogen needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi in terms of pure N
The 1/2 of total nutrient, phosphorus nutrient all applies needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi, and the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is with K2O is calculated as 2-3kg/ mu, rotation
Cultivatedly, whole, sowing Semen Tritici aestivi of then losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil；
(2) carrying out topdressing use potassium nutrition and nitrogen nutrient in Semen Tritici aestivi jointing stage of turning green, the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is with K2O is calculated as 1-
2kg/ mu, the sowing amount of nitrogen nutrient is the surplus after step (1) is used, and then waters；
(3) potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed at Wheat in Grain Filling Stage, till fountain height has drips with blade face；
(4) after Semen Tritici aestivi maturation, gathering in the crops wheat seed, wheat stalk pulverizing is shed into ribbon and is covered in earth's surface, loses no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil no-tillage
Seeding corn, applies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition with planting same broadcasting, and wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogen nutrient accounts for every mu of Semen Maydis institute in terms of pure N
Needed for needing the 1/3 of nitrogen total nutrient, every mu of Semen Maydis, phosphorus nutrient all applies, and the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is with K2O meter accounts for every mu of Semen Maydis institute
Need the 1/2 of potassium total nutrient, then earthing；
(5) topdressing to tasseling stage in the Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase and use potassium nutrition and nitrogen nutrient, the sowing amount of nitrogen nutrient is step
(4) surplus after using, the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is the surplus after step (4) is used, earthing after fertilising.
Corn straw plant is huge, owing to running into microthermal climate in winter after results, the most perishable, in straw the more difficult release of potassium element from
And be difficult to be utilized by wheat seedling.Therefore after harvest corn, simultaneously by crushed stalk, corn straw decomposing agent is then sprayed, so that straw
In stalk, potassium element fully discharges, and stem shatter granularity is advisable with 10cm.
Currently preferred, corn straw decomposing agent is liquid decomposing agent or solid decomposing agent: if applicating liquid decomposing agent, by liquid
Body decomposing agent is mixed homogeneously with water on the straw after being sprayed on pulverizing, if using solid decomposing agent, is directly sprinkling upon by solid decomposing agent
On earth's surface or the straw after being spread on pulverizing with fine earth or fine sand after mixing homogeneously, after decomposing agent is used, plough, with the most rotten
Ripe straw, becomes thoroughly decomposed 10-15 days.
When the liquid decomposing agent of the present invention is used, liquid decomposing agent is mixed homogeneously with water on the straw after being sprayed on pulverizing, becomes thoroughly decomposed
The concentration of agent presses peasant habit, and the addition of water is as the criterion with the straw that can spray whole plot.
Currently preferred, the amount of application of solid decomposing agent is 1-2 thousand grams/acre.
The corn straw decomposing agent that the present invention uses is prior art, and Shandong hundred million peaceful thing Engineering Co., Ltd is on sale.
Currently preferred, in step (1), described sowing Semen Tritici aestivi of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, soil moisture content be soil moisture content be field capacity
60%-70%, if soil moisture content less than field capacity 60%, after wheat cultivation, water cover-head water, irrigation amount is 40-
50m3/ mu, accelerates straw decomposition and the release of potassium element.
Rotary tillage, whole all carrying out by the peasant habit of this area, fertilizer nutrient and topsoil are sufficiently mixed by rotary tillage.
A kind of potash fertilizer application method coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back field of the present invention is high in Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydis
It is wheat yield 400-600kg/ mu under product level, corn yield 500-700kg/ mu, wheat stalk and Semen Maydis after grain harvest
Under conditions of straw all goes back field, the anniversary, potassium nutrition input amount was with K2O is calculated as 9-13kg/ mu, Semen Tritici aestivi season potassium nutrition amount of application
Account for the 27%-45% in anniversary, Semen Maydis season the amount of application of potassium nutrition account for the 55%-73% in anniversary.
Currently preferred, the method for application of step (2), for spreading fertilizer over the fields, is then irrigated；Or ditch spread between every two every trades, trench digging
The degree of depth, at 8-10cm, earthing, is irrigated, and irrigation amount is 50-60m3/ mu.
Currently preferred, in step (3), the mass concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1%～0.5%.Spray and be selected in wind
In the afternoon of dusk, cloudy day or fine day that power is little, sunlight sprays time less strong.Spray position and be generally Semen Tritici aestivi middle and upper part stem
Leaf, the positive and negative of blade all sprays, and sprays uniformly, and droplet is thin, till fountain height has drips with blade face.
Currently preferred, in step (4), no-tillage seeding Semen Maydis of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, soil moisture content be soil moisture content be field capacity
60%-70%, if soil moisture content is less than the 60% of field capacity, carry out pouring water moisture creating in advance, and irrigation quantity is 40-60m3/
Mu, the dissolution simultaneously facilitating wheat stalk potassium is utilized, and sowing and base fertilizer that after moisture creating, 5-7 days carry out Semen Maydis are used.
Currently preferred, in step (5), the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is 3-4kg/ mu.
Currently preferred, the method for application of step (5) is every a line side ditch spread, and ditching depth is at 10-15cm, laterally
Distance Semen Maydis row 15-20cm, then earthing.
Currently preferred, described potassium nutrition raw material be containing a kind of in K composite fertilizer, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride or any two kinds with
Upper combination, it is preferred that potassium nutrition raw material is potassium chloride.
Above-mentioned steps (1), (2), (3), (4) potassium nutrition raw material can be identical, it is possible to different.
Currently preferred, described nitrogen nutrient raw material is one of compound fertilizer, carbamide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or and Diammonium phosphate (DAP).
Currently preferred, described phosphorus nutrient raw material is compound fertilizer, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate.
The feature of the present invention:
It is critical only that of the present invention taken into full account two season Returning Application of Crop Straw soil carried out a strong potassium element supplemented,
Lower Semen Tritici aestivi of this premise, two batches of crops of Semen Maydis account for as anniversary system entirety, consider middle high yield water simultaneously
Put down the overall control of lower potash fertilizer and plan strategies for by stages.Fertilizers input feature be different from before be characterized mainly in that 2 points: one is at straw
Not disposable for potash fertilizer base fertilizer put into but carried out by several times to obtain higher crop yield the most simply under the conditions of stalk potassium also field
Use；Two be in order to improve potash fertilizer utilize and straw Potassium release soil moisture and irrigation are defined.With prior art phase
Ratio, the excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1. the crop rotation of Wheat Maize anniversary being considered as a whole removing, dose and allocation proportion are taken into account the potassium that needs of two kinds of crops and are advised
Allocation proportion and the consumption of rule, it is ensured that the nutrient supply of two kinds of crop different growth stages, particularly potassium element are suitable at straw also
The plant growth of the middle high yield yield level under the conditions of the kalium replenishment of field；
2. compare traditional fertilization, two season crop-planting can save Chemical Potassium and put into the consumption of 30%-40%, disappear saving the energy
Consumption aspect is significant；
3., under middle high yield level, the straw-returning of the present invention coordinates potash fertilizer to plan strategies for can dramatically increase later stage kernel grouting speed,
Improve grain weight, thus improve Semen Tritici aestivi and corn yield；
4. this method can promote decomposition and the release of potassium element of straw to the full extent, thus improves the straw potassium replacement to chemical fertilizer potassium
Rate；
5. base fertilizer is executed potassium by present aspect, key developmental stages imposes potassium, the critical period sprays potassium to coordinate straw-returning to supplement potassium etc. collaborative
Effect, has accomplished overall adjustment and control, has planned strategies for by stages, and is effectively combined with cultivation tillage control measure, greatly improves potash fertilizer and utilizes
Rate, and ensure that the sustainable use in Removed In Soil-crop System Potassium balance and soil.
Detailed description of the invention
By the following examples the present invention is further described, but the present invention is not limited only to following example.
Corn straw decomposing agent in embodiment, purchased from Shandong hundred million peaceful thing Engineering Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of potash fertilizer application method coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back field, executes including straw-returning after harvest corn
Fertile, sowing Semen Tritici aestivi, no-tillage seeding Semen Maydis, fertilising after wheat stalk returning, be wheat yield in Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydis under product level
450kg/ mu, corn yield 550kg/ mu, under conditions of after grain harvest, wheat stalk and corn straw all go back field, the anniversary
The otal investment of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 9kg/ mu, Semen Tritici aestivi season the amount of application of potash fertilizer account for the 33% of the anniversary, executing of Semen Maydis season potash fertilizer
Consumption accounts for the 67% of anniversary.Specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) straw-returning after harvest corn
United reaper is by after harvest corn, by straw chopping uniform fold earth's surface, then sprays corn straw decomposing agent, liquid
Decomposing agent is mixed homogeneously with water on sprinkling Soil Straw, then ploughs, becomes thoroughly decomposed 10 days.By carbamide, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium
Fertilizer is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, and wherein, carbamide sowing amount accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi the 1/2 of carbamide total amount in terms of pure N, and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is complete
Portion applies, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 2kg/ every mu, then rotary tillage soil, by abundant to fertilizer nutrient and topsoil
Mixing wholely, then sows Semen Tritici aestivi (soil moisture content is the 65% of field capacity)；Potash fertilizer is containing K composite fertilizer.
(2) carrying out, in Semen Tritici aestivi jointing stage of turning green, topdress application of potash fertilizer and carbamide, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2It is every that O is calculated as 1kg/
Mu, the sowing amount of carbamide accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi the 1/2 of carbamide total amount in terms of pure N, then waters；After method of application is for spreading fertilizer over the fields
Irrigating, irrigation amount is 50m3/ mu, potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
(3) pustulation period (after flowering 15 days) at Semen Tritici aestivi sprays 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.At the fine day that wind-force is little
Spray in the afternoon.Spraying position is Semen Tritici aestivi middle and upper part stem and leaf, and the positive and negative of blade all sprays, and sprays uniformly, and fountain height has with blade face
Drips.
(4) after wheat combine results wheat seed, straw sheds into ribbon, and losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, (soil moisture content is that field is held
The 65% of the water yield) carry out no-till maize, apply containing K composite fertilizer with planting with broadcasting, wherein, containing the applying of nitrogen in K composite fertilizer
Amount accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Maydis the 1/3 of nitrogen total amount in terms of pure N, and phosphorus nutrient all applies, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 3kg/
Mu, then earthing, described potash fertilizer is compound fertilizer's potassium.
(5) use carbamide and potash fertilizer in the Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase, be the most all manured into soil, ditch spread, ditching depth
15cm, ditches at the 15cm of plant side, and the sowing amount of carbamide accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Maydis the 2/3 of carbamide total amount in terms of pure N, potassium
Fertile sowing amount is with K2O is calculated as 3kg/ mu, then earthing, and described potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of potash fertilizer application method coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back field, executes including straw-returning after harvest corn
Fertile, sowing Semen Tritici aestivi, no-tillage seeding Semen Maydis, fertilising after wheat stalk returning, in Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydis, under high yield level, i.e. Semen Tritici aestivi produces
Amount 550kg/ mu, corn yield 650kg/ mu, under conditions of after grain harvest, wheat stalk and corn straw all go back field, week
Total input amount of year potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 12kg/ mu, Semen Tritici aestivi season the amount of application of potash fertilizer account for the 42% of the anniversary, Semen Maydis season potash fertilizer
Amount of application accounts for the 58% of anniversary.Specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) straw-returning after harvest corn
United reaper, by after harvest corn, simultaneously by straw chopping uniform fold earth's surface, then spreads fertilizer over the fields corn in solids straw decomposing
Agent powder, uses according to the consumptions of 1.8 kilograms every mu, mixs homogeneously with fine sand, be then sprinkling upon Soil Straw, then enter before spreading
Row is ploughed, and with the straw that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, becomes thoroughly decomposed 14 days.Carbamide, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potash fertilizer are uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, wherein, urine
The sowing amount of element accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi the 1/2 of carbamide total amount in terms of pure N, and phosphate fertilizer (Diammonium phosphate (DAP)) all applies, potash fertilizer
Sowing amount is with K2O is calculated as 3kg/ every mu, then rotary tillage soil, fertilizer nutrient and topsoil is sufficiently mixed wholely, then
Sowing Semen Tritici aestivi (soil moisture content is the 70% of field capacity)；Potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
(2) carrying out, in wheat during jointing stage, topdress application of potash fertilizer and carbamide, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 2kg/ every mu, urine
The sowing amount of element accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi the 1/2 of carbamide total amount in terms of pure N, and method of application is every two row Semen Tritici aestivi ditch spreads in the ranks, opens
Trench depth, at 8cm, earthing, is then watered；Irrigation amount is 60m3/ mu, potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
(3) pustulation period (after flowering 15 days) at Semen Tritici aestivi sprays 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.At the fine day that wind-force is little
Spray in the afternoon.Spraying position is Semen Tritici aestivi middle and upper part stem and leaf, and the positive and negative of blade all sprays, and sprays uniformly, and fountain height has with blade face
Drips.
(4) after wheat combine results wheat seed, straw sheds into ribbon, carries out pouring water making before ferti-seeding premise
Moisture in the soil, irrigation quantity is 50m3/ mu, sowing and base fertilizer that after moisture creating, 6 days carry out Semen Maydis are used.Broadcast (trench digging) together with seed manure to apply
Carbamide, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potash fertilizer, wherein, the sowing amount of carbamide accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Maydis the 1/3 of carbamide total amount in terms of pure N, phosphorus
Acid diammonium all applies, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 3.5kg/ mu, then earthing, and described potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
(5) use carbamide and potash fertilizer in the Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase, be the most all manured into soil, ditch spread, ditch 13cm, away from
From plant lateral separation 18cm, the sowing amount of carbamide accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Maydis the 2/3 of carbamide total amount in terms of pure N, executing of potash fertilizer
Enter amount with K2O is calculated as 3.5kg/ mu, then earthing.Described potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of potash fertilizer application method coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back field, executes including straw-returning after harvest corn
Fertile, sowing Semen Tritici aestivi, no-tillage seeding Semen Maydis, fertilising after wheat stalk returning, in Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydis, under high yield level, i.e. Semen Tritici aestivi produces
Amount 420kg/ mu, corn yield 600kg/ mu, under conditions of after grain harvest, wheat stalk and corn straw all go back field, week
Total input amount of year potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 11kg/ mu, Semen Tritici aestivi season the amount of application of potash fertilizer account for the 27% of the anniversary, Semen Maydis season potash fertilizer
Amount of application accounts for the 73% of anniversary.Specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) straw-returning after harvest corn
United reaper, by after harvest corn, simultaneously by straw chopping uniform fold earth's surface, then spreads fertilizer over the fields corn in solids straw decomposing
Agent powder, uses according to the consumptions of 1.5 kilograms every mu, mixs homogeneously with fine sand, carry out after being then sprinkling upon on Soil Straw before spreading
Plough, with the straw that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, become thoroughly decomposed 15 days.Carbamide, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potash fertilizer are uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, wherein, carbamide
Sowing amount in terms of pure N, account for needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi the 1/2 of carbamide total amount, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) all applies, the sowing amount of potash fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 2kg/ every mu, then rotary tillage soil, fertilizer nutrient and topsoil is sufficiently mixed wholely, then sows Semen Tritici aestivi
(soil moisture content is the 57% of field capacity)；Watering cover-head water after wheat cultivation, irrigation amount is 50m3/ mu, accelerates straw
Stalk decomposition and the release of potassium element, the potash fertilizer executed is potassium chloride.
(2) carrying out, in wheat during jointing stage, topdress application of potash fertilizer and carbamide, the sowing amount of potassium is with K2O is calculated as 1kg/ every mu, carbamide
Sowing amount in terms of pure N, account for needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi the 1/2 of carbamide total amount, method of application is every two row Semen Tritici aestivi ditch spreads in the ranks (trench diggings
The degree of depth is at 10cm) earthing, then waters；Irrigation amount is 55m3/ mu, potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
(3) pustulation period (after flowering 14 days) at Semen Tritici aestivi sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Spray at the cloudy day.Spray
Position is generally Semen Tritici aestivi middle and upper part stem and leaf, and the positive and negative of blade all sprays, and sprays uniformly, and droplet is thin, and fountain height has liquid with blade face
Drippage stops.
(4) after wheat combine results wheat seed, straw sheds into ribbon, carries out pouring water making before ferti-seeding premise
Moisture in the soil, irrigation quantity is 60m3/ mu, sowing and base fertilizer that after moisture creating, 7 days carry out Semen Maydis are used.Broadcast (trench digging) together with seed manure to apply
Compound fertilizer, wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogen accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Maydis the 1/3 of nitrogen total amount in terms of pure N, and phosphorus nutrient all applies, potassium
Sowing amount is with K2O is calculated as 4kg/ mu, then earthing, and described potash fertilizer is compound fertilizer's potassium.
(5) topdressing at Semen Maydis tasseling stage and use carbamide and potash fertilizer, be the most all manured into soil, the sowing amount of carbamide is with pure N
Meter accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Maydis the 2/3 of carbamide total amount, and the sowing amount of potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 4kg/ mu, ditch spread, ditching depth
15cm, distance plant lateral separation 20cm, then earthing.Described potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
Application examples 1:
Fertilizing method in embodiment 1 was applied to Production of Large Fields in 2014, compares with tradition potassium fertilizing methods.Tradition is executed
Potassium method basic step is as follows: after maize straw, uses the 1/2 of Semen Tritici aestivi season all nitrogenous fertilizer, whole phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, potassium
Fertile (compound fertilizer) consumption is 5kg/ mu, and rotary tillage soil is sowed Semen Tritici aestivi, carried out nitrogenous fertilizer spring and impose；Sowing jade after harvesting wheat
Rice, disposably ditches at Maize at Seedling Stage and uses all of potash fertilizer, and potash fertilizer (potassium chloride) consumption is 8kg/ mu, and the later stage is no longer carried out
Impose.Nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer input amount and method of application are consistent, and irrigation quantity is consistent with mode.From sides such as yield, income and potassium utilization rates
Face compares analysis (being shown in Table 1).
The straw of table 1 present invention coordinates potash fertilizer application method to compare with tradition potassium fertilizing methods
The present invention compares with tradition potassium fertilizing methods, saves 4kg K in the anniversary2O can improve the apparent utilization of potash fertilizer while putting into
Rate 9.9 percentage points, owing to adding corn straw decomposing agent, the dissolution of potassium element and supplementary soil potassium and late growth stage potash fertilizer fortune
Raising and spray blade face potassium, significantly improve Grain Weight in Common Wheat, thus improve Semen Tritici aestivi and corn yield, wheat yield improves 10.4kg/
Mu, corn yield improves 5.7kg/ mu, and net income increases by 53.1 yuan/mu.
Application examples 2:
Fertilizing method in embodiment 2 is applied to Production of Large Fields in 2013-2015 location, compares with tradition potassium fertilizing methods
Relatively.Tradition potassium fertilizing methods basic step is as follows: after maize straw, uses the 1/2 of Semen Tritici aestivi season all nitrogenous fertilizer, whole phosphate fertilizer
And potash fertilizer, potash fertilizer (potassium chloride) consumption is 6kg/ mu, rotary tillage soil, sows Semen Tritici aestivi, carries out nitrogenous fertilizer spring and impose；Little wheat harvest
Obtaining rear seeding corn, disposably ditch at Maize at Seedling Stage and use all of potash fertilizer, potash fertilizer (compound fertilizer) consumption is 12kg/ mu,
Later stage no longer imposes.Nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer input amount and method of application are consistent, and irrigation quantity is consistent with mode.From yield, income and potassium
The aspects such as fertile utilization rate compare analysis (being shown in Table 2).
The straw of table 2 present invention coordinates potash fertilizer application method to compare with tradition potassium fertilizing methods
Seeing from table 2, the present invention can greatly reduce plant lodging rate, and stem stalk increases lodging tolerance and improves, and compares tradition and executes
The fertile anniversary saves 6kg K2O/ mu, after positioning 2 years perennial crop under this measure, topsoil soils quick-acting potassium content improves
11.2mg/kg, anniversary wheat and corn yield is compared traditional fertilization and is amounted to volume increase 53.7kg/ mu, net income increase by 124.3 yuan.
Claims (10)
1. coordinate Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back the potash fertilizer application method in field, including straw-returning after harvest corn
Fertilising, sowing Semen Tritici aestivi, no-tillage seeding Semen Maydis, fertilising after wheat stalk returning, step is as follows:
(1) after harvest corn, by corn straw smashing uniform fold earth's surface, then use corn straw decomposing agent and plough corruption
Ripe, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition are uniformly executed on earth's surface, wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogen nutrient accounts for nitrogen needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi in terms of pure N
The 1/2 of total nutrient, phosphorus nutrient all applies needed for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi, and the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is with K2O is calculated as 2-3kg/ every mu, rotation
Cultivatedly, whole, sowing Semen Tritici aestivi of then losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil；
(2) carrying out topdressing use potassium nutrition and nitrogen nutrient in Semen Tritici aestivi jointing stage of turning green, the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is with K2O is calculated as 1-
2kg/ every mu, the sowing amount of nitrogen nutrient is the surplus after step (1) is used, and then waters；
(3) potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed at Wheat in Grain Filling Stage, till fountain height has drips with blade face；
(4) after Semen Tritici aestivi maturation, gathering in the crops wheat seed, wheat stalk pulverizing is shed into ribbon and is covered in earth's surface, loses no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil no-tillage
Seeding corn, applies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition with planting same broadcasting, and wherein, the sowing amount of nitrogen nutrient accounts for every mu of Semen Maydis institute in terms of pure N
Needed for needing the 1/3 of nitrogen total nutrient, every mu of Semen Maydis, phosphorus nutrient all applies, and the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is with K2O meter accounts for every mu of Semen Maydis institute
Need the 1/2 of potassium total nutrient, then earthing；
(5) topdressing to tasseling stage in the Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase and use potassium nutrition and nitrogen nutrient, the sowing amount of nitrogen nutrient is step
(4) surplus after using, the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is the surplus after step (4) is used, earthing after ditching-fertilizing.
The most according to claim 1, coordinate Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back the potash fertilizer application method in field, its feature exists
In, described corn straw decomposing agent is liquid decomposing agent or solid decomposing agent: if applicating liquid decomposing agent, by liquid decomposing agent
Mix homogeneously with water on the straw after being sprayed on pulverizing, if using solid decomposing agent, solid decomposing agent is directly sprinkling upon earth's surface or with
It is spread on after fine earth or fine sand mix homogeneously on the straw after pulverizing, after decomposing agent is used, ploughs, with the straw that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed,
Become thoroughly decomposed 10-15 days；The amount of application of solid decomposing agent is 1-2 thousand grams/acre.
3., according to the potash fertilizer application method coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back field described in claim 1, its feature exists
In, in step (1), described sowing Semen Tritici aestivi of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, soil moisture content be soil moisture content be the 60%-70% of field capacity, if
Soil moisture content, less than the 60% of field capacity, waters cover-head water after wheat cultivation, and irrigation amount is 40-50m3/ mu, accelerates straw
Stalk decomposition and the release of potassium element.
4. being wheat yield 400-600kg/ mu under high yield level in Semen Maydis, corn yield 500-700kg/ mu, at grain harvest
Under conditions of rear wheat stalk and corn straw all go back field, the anniversary, potassium nutrition input amount was with K2O is calculated as 9-13kg/ mu, Semen Tritici aestivi
Season, the amount of application of potassium nutrition accounted for the 27%-45% in anniversary, Semen Maydis season the amount of application of potassium nutrition account for the 55%-73% in anniversary.
5., according to the potash fertilizer application method coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back field described in claim 1, its feature exists
Needed for, the sowing amount of the nitrogen nutrient of step (2) accounts for every mu of Semen Tritici aestivi in terms of pure N the 1/2 of nitrogen total nutrient, method of application is for spreading
Execute, then irrigate；Or ditch spread between every two every trades, ditching depth is at 8-10cm, earthing, and irrigation, irrigation amount is 50-
60m3/ mu；In step (3), the mass concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1%～0.5%.
6., according to the potash fertilizer application method coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back field described in claim 1, its feature exists
In, in step (4), no-tillage seeding Semen Maydis of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, soil moisture content be soil moisture content be the 60%-70% of field capacity, if native
Earth water content is less than the 60% of field capacity, and carry out pouring water moisture creating in advance, and irrigation quantity is 40-60m3/ mu, simultaneously facilitates Semen Tritici aestivi
The dissolution of straw potassium is utilized, and sowing and base fertilizer that after moisture creating, 5-7 days carry out Semen Maydis are used.
7. described in claim 1, coordinate Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back the potash fertilizer application method in field, it is characterised in that
In step (4), the sowing amount of potassium nutrition is with K2O is calculated as 3-4kg/ mu.
8. described in claim 1, coordinate Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back the potash fertilizer application method in field, it is characterised in that
Needed in step (5), the sowing amount of nitrogen nutrient accounts for every mu of Semen Maydis in terms of pure N the 2/3 of nitrogen total nutrient, the sowing amount of potassium nutrition with
K2O meter accounts for needed for every mu of Semen Maydis the 1/2 of potassium total nutrient.
9. described in claim 1, coordinate Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back the potash fertilizer application method in field, it is characterised in that
The method of application of step (5) is for spreading fertilizer over the fields, or every a line side ditch spread, and ditching depth is at 10-15cm, lateral separation Semen Maydis
Row 15-20cm, then earthing.
10. coordinating Wheat Maize Rotation anniversary straw entirely to go back the potash fertilizer application method in field described in claim 1, its feature exists
In, described potassium nutrition raw material is containing a kind of in K composite fertilizer, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride or any two or more combination, preferably
, potassium nutrition raw material is potassium chloride；Described nitrogen nutrient raw material is one of compound fertilizer, carbamide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium；Described phosphorus nutrient raw material is compound fertilizer, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate；Step (1), (2),
(3), (4) potassium nutrition raw material is identical or differs.
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