CN109937817B - Wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer precise-application-reduction high-yield efficient cultivation method - Google Patents
Wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer precise-application-reduction high-yield efficient cultivation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109937817B CN109937817B CN201910281482.5A CN201910281482A CN109937817B CN 109937817 B CN109937817 B CN 109937817B CN 201910281482 A CN201910281482 A CN 201910281482A CN 109937817 B CN109937817 B CN 109937817B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wheat
- nutrient
- amount
- fertilizer
- yield
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a precise, reduced-application, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of a wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer, which solves the problems of large water consumption, blind and excessive fertilization, unreasonable fertilization proportion, low water and fertilizer utilization rate and untidy wheat yield caused by slow decomposition of straws. a. Collecting the target yield of wheat, the yield of summer corn and the amount of quick-acting nutrients in soil; b. the wheat grain yield is 100kg, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content, the nutrient mineralization rate, the harvest index and the soil nutrient supply of summer corn straws; determining the nutrient content of wheat seeds and the utilization rate of a chemical fertilizer; c. the straw returning amount, the C/N nitrogen requirement amount and the introduced nutrient amount of the summer corn are calculated, and the introduced nutrient amount and the target yield nutrient amount of the wheat seeds and the irrigation are calculated; d. calculating the accurate fertilization amount of the wheat and the fertilization amount; e. basal application before seeding of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and topdressing in a growth period; f. laying a micro-spray belt for spray irrigation. The invention realizes the integration of water saving, high yield, accurate reduction and efficiency improvement and the synchronization of soil fertility and continuous stable yield and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water-saving and accurate fertilization technology of wheat, in particular to an accurate, reduced-application, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of a wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer under the condition of returning the whole amount of corn straws to the field.
Background
Wheat is the third crop of China, and the annual planting area is about 3.6 hundred million mu. In recent years, the application amount of organic fertilizers in farmlands in China is greatly reduced, so that the organic matter content of the plough layer is reduced, and the physicochemical properties are poor. The straw returning is a main way for increasing the organic matter content of soil, improving the soil fertility of farmland and improving the physical and chemical properties, and greatly promotes the increase of the yield per unit of crops.
Through the determination and research of the soil nutrients in the wheat field, the wheat production has the following defects: firstly, the fertility of plough layer soil is low; secondly, farmers pursue high yield and blindly fertilize excessively; thirdly, the proportion of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is unreasonable; fourthly, the application mode is single and extensive; fifthly, the problem that the maize straws are slowly decomposed due to an unscientific fertilizing mode, strong seedlings in winter and spring are cultivated, and the yield level is not long.
The reason is as follows: firstly, the scientific fertilization knowledge and technology of farmers are lacked, and fertilization is mainly recommended by experience and agricultural material sellers, so that the fertilization amount and fertilization proportion are unscientific and unreasonable, and the phenomena of yellow seedlings and weak seedlings often occur; secondly, many fertilization technical principles and operations are complex, so that farmers are difficult to accept and cannot use the fertilizers; thirdly, the technique of applying fertilizer is carried out on the ground, so that the technique is not suitable for soil fertility, farming measures and ecological climate, and the technical effect is poor and unstable; fourth, the fertilizer can not be applied according to the characteristics of the fertilizer and the high-yield fertilizer requirement rule of crops, and the fertilizer can be applied blindly; and fifthly, the fertilizers are all applied in a broadcasting way, and are matched with large water for flood irrigation, so that the problem of non-point source pollution is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a precise, reduced-application, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of a wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer, aiming at solving the problems of large water consumption, blind and excessive fertilization, unreasonable fertilization proportion, low water and fertilizer utilization rate and slow straw decomposition, which cause the wheat yield to wander.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer precise-application-reduction high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method comprises the following steps: a. collecting and determining the target yield of wheat, the yield of summer corn grains and the content of available nutrients in plough layer soil; b. the following parameters were determined: the nutrient amount required for producing 100kg of wheat grains, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of summer corn straws and the nutrient supply amount of plough layer soil; the wheat seed nutrient content, the summer corn straw nutrient mineralization rate, the fertilizer in-season utilization rate, the summer corn harvest index and the wheat seeding amount; c. the following parameters were calculated: summer corn straw returning quantity, summer corn straw C/N nitrogen demand, summer corn straw nutrition carrying quantity, wheat seed nutrition carrying quantity, irrigation and rainwater nutrition carrying quantity and target yield nutrition demand quantity; d. the following parameters were then calculated: the accurate fertilization amount and the fertilization amount of the wheat are controlled; e. the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are subjected to basal application before sowing and topdressing in a growth period; f. laying a micro-spray belt for spray irrigation.
The invention combines water-saving irrigation with accurate fertilizer application, combines the accurate fertilizer application with a reasonable and efficient application method, combines the improvement of the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer with the fertility of the fertilization land, realizes accurate reduction of the fertilizer, fertility improvement, establishment of strong seedling groups and synchronous stable and high yield and simple fertilization method, and solves the problems of high water consumption, blind and excessive fertilization, unreasonable fertilization proportion, low water and fertilizer utilization rate and slow straw rotten rate in the existing wheat production, which causes the wheat yield to wander.
Collecting the harvest yield of the wheat in the land of nearly three years, taking the average yield increase of 3 percent in three years as the target yield of the wheat in the current year, YTarget＝[(Y1+Y2+Y3)/3]X 1.03, wherein YTargetTarget yield of native block wheat, Y1、Y2And Y3Actual harvest yield of wheat for the previous 3 years; the summer corn seed yield is the summer corn seed yield of the same year of the land; the content of the available nutrients in the plough layer soil is the content of 0-20cm of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil in any year of nearly three years.
The nutrient content required for producing 100kg of wheat grains is an average value obtained by a multi-point test for many years, N is 2.96kg, and P is2O51.21kg, K2O is 3.11 kg; the N content in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the summer corn straws is 0.506 percent, and P is2O5Is 0.38%, K2The content of O is 1.31 percent, and the content of C is 45.35 percent; the nutrient supply amount of the plough layer soil is obtained according to multi-year and multi-point tests, the average N supply of the wheat season soil is 5.88 kg/mu, and P is2O52.66 kg/mu for K2O is 7.16 kg/mu; the content of N in the nutrient content of the wheat seeds is 2.25 percent, and P2O5Is 0.78%, K2The content of O is 1.78%; the mineralization rate of the nutrients in the summer corn stalks is obtained according to experiments, the mineralization release rate of the wheat in season is 72.3 percent of nitrogen, and the phosphorus is89.3 percent and 81.2 percent of potassium; in the season utilization rate of the fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is 46.13%, the phosphate fertilizer is 18.62% and the potassium fertilizer is 54.72%; the summer corn harvest index is obtained according to multi-point tests for many years, and the harvest index is 0.465; the seeding rate of wheat is 12.5 kg/mu.
The fertilizer in-season utilization rate is obtained by applying the micro-spray irrigation base fertilizer under the condition of returning the summer corn straws to the field and integrating water and fertilizer in the growth period, and can be directly used as the wheat in-season nutrient utilization rate under the micro-spray irrigation.
The summer corn straw returning amount is the yield of summer corn grains/the summer corn harvesting index-the summer corn grains; C/N in the C/N nitrogen demand of the summer corn stalks is adjusted to 25:1 from 89.6, and the nitrogen demand is summer corn stalk returning quantity x (C content-25 in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the summer corn stalks and N content in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the summer corn stalks)/25; the amount of nutrient carried in the summer corn stalks is equal to the amount of returning the summer corn stalks to the field, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient content of the summer corn stalks and the mineralization rate of the summer corn stalk nutrient; the amount of nutrient carried in the wheat seeds is equal to the sowing amount of the wheat and the nutrient content of the wheat seeds; the nutrient content in the irrigation water is equal to the nutrient content of river water multiplied by the irrigation amount, and the nutrient content in the rainwater is equal to the rainfall multiplied by the land area; the nutrient requirement for the target yield is equal to the target yield of the wheat multiplied by the nutrient requirement for producing 100kg of wheat grains/100 kg of wheat grains.
The accurate fertilization amount of the wheat is (the target yield needs the nutrient amount-the nutrient amount brought by summer corn stalks-the nutrient supply amount of the plough layer soil-the nutrient amount brought by wheat seeds-the nutrient amount brought by irrigation-the nutrient amount brought by rainwater)/the nutrient in-season utilization rate; and (3) the accurate fertilizing amount of the fertilizer is equal to the accurate fertilizing amount of the wheat multiplied by the soil fertility improvement coefficient, and the soil fertility improvement coefficient is determined by the content of the available nutrients in the soil of the plough layer.
The determination of the accurate fertilizing amount of the wheat is provided based on a nutrient input and output balance principle, the carrying-out amount of nutrients produced by the wheat is taken as a reference, the nutrients (including grains, straws and the like) carried away by each 100kg of wheat grains are required to be obtained through multiple points for multiple years, the factors entering the soil nutrients are more, the obtained data are required to develop a farming test, more data are collected and repeatedly verified, and the accurate fertilizing amount of the wheat is obtained, such as the carrying-in nutrient amount of the corn straws in the wheat season, the nutrient supply amount of soil in a plough layer, the nutrient utilization rate of micro-spray irrigation, the carrying-in nutrient amount of the wheat seeds, the carrying-in nutrient amount of irrigation and the carrying-in nutrient amount of rain water.
The fertility increasing and precise fertilizing amount is provided based on the concept that land fertility is gradually increased to achieve continuous high yield and yield increase, the fertilizer is precisely applied and the soil available nutrients in a plough layer are comprehensively analyzed, the land fertility increasing coefficient is determined based on the content of the soil available nutrients in the plough layer of 0-20cm and the overall consideration of the fertility increasing and the land fertility, and the specific land fertility increasing coefficient is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 land fertility improvement factor for NPK nutrients
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer adopts base application before sowing and dressing in a growth period, and comprises the following specific steps: the basic nitrogen fertilizer application amount is equal to the C/nitrogen demand of summer corn straws plus 1.5 kg/mu, the residual nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a spreading way before sowing when soil preparation is carried out, and the residual nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a micro-sprinkling irrigation water-fertilizer integrated way according to the mass part ratio of 2:1 in the jointing stage and the grouting stage; 60% of the application amount of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for broadcasting, and the rest of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is subjected to water-fertilizer integrated topdressing in the rising period and the jointing period according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
The jointing stage generally refers to 3 months and 25 days to 4 months and 5 days; the filling period is 10-15 days after wheat blooms; the standing up period generally refers to the last 3 months.
The basic nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate (first grade, 18-64), and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride; the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer is urea, phosphate fertilizer is special water soluble phosphate fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or diammonium phosphate is dissolved in water fully, precipitated or filtered and applied, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride.
The specific steps of laying the micro-spraying belt for spray irrigation are that the specification of the micro-spraying belt is an inclined 5-hole or 7-hole micro-spraying belt with the diameter of 40mm, the laying interval is 2.4 +/-0.1 m, the length is 60 +/-5 m, and the fertilizer is topdressed by using a Venturi fertilizer applicator or a pump suction fertilizing method.
The invention takes the precise application of the chemical fertilizer as a starting point, integrates the precise, reduced-application, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of the micro-sprinkling irrigation chemical fertilizer for the wheat under the condition of returning the corn straws to the field, realizes the unification of water saving, high yield and precise reduced-application and synergistic effect, and meets the requirements of synchronizing the fertility of the fertilizer and the continuous stable yield and high yield, thereby meeting the policies of 'one control, two reduction and three reduction' and 'zero increase of the chemical fertilizer' of modern agriculture in China.
After field investigation of field fertilization of 35 households of farmer land and wheat yield, averagely applying pure N17.7kg/mu and P2O58.0 kg/mu, K2O4.4 kg/mu, and the average wheat yield is 462.2 kg/mu; the wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer accurate, reduced-application, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method has the advantages that the application of pure nitrogen is reduced by 2.01 kg/mu, and the application of P is reduced2O50.38 kg/mu, reduced application K2O1.17 kg/mu, the total amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 3.36 kg/mu, the reduction amplitude is 11.16%, the average yield is 524.8 kg/mu, the average yield is increased by 62.6 kg/mu compared with the average yield of farmers, and the yield increase amplitude is 13.5%.
Detailed Description
A wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer precise-application-reduction high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method comprises the following steps: a. collecting and determining the target yield of wheat, the yield of summer corn grains and the content of available nutrients in plough layer soil; b. the following parameters were determined: the nutrient content required for producing 100kg of wheat grains, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient content of summer corn straws and the nutrient supply amount of plowing layer soil; the wheat seed nutrient content, the summer corn straw nutrient mineralization rate, the fertilizer season utilization rate, the summer corn harvest index and the wheat seeding amount; c. the following parameters were calculated: returning summer corn straws to the field, wherein the C/N of the summer corn straws needs nitrogen, the summer corn straws bring in nutrient, the wheat seeds bring in nutrient, irrigation and rainwater bring in nutrient and the target yield needs nutrient; d. the following parameters were then calculated: the accurate fertilization amount and the fertilization amount of the wheat are controlled; e. the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are subjected to basal application before sowing and topdressing in a growth period; f. laying a micro-spray belt for spray irrigation.
Collecting the harvest yield of the wheat in the last three years of the plot, taking the average yield increase of 3% in three years as the target yield of the wheat in the current year, wherein the wheat yield in the last 3 years is respectively 512.5 kg/mu, 498.9 kg/mu and 523.6 kg/mu, and the target yield of the wheat is (512.5+498.9+523.6)/3 × 1.03 is 527.0 kg/mu; the yield of summer corn grains is 597.5 kg/mu; the content of available nutrients in the plough layer soil of 0-20cm before wheat is sowed is 51.32mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 13.02mg/kg of available phosphorus and 137.4mg/kg of available potassium.
The nutrient content required for producing 100kg of wheat grains is an average value obtained by a multi-point test for many years, N is 2.96kg, and P is2O51.21kg, K2O is 3.11 kg; the N content in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the summer corn straws is 0.506 percent, and P is2O5Is 0.38%, K2The content of O is 1.31 percent, and the content of C is 45.35 percent; the nutrient supply amount of the plough layer soil is obtained according to multi-year and multi-point tests, the average N supply of the wheat season soil is 5.88 kg/mu, and P is2O52.66 kg/mu for K2O is 7.16 kg/mu; the content of N in the nutrient content of the wheat seeds is 2.25 percent, and P2O5Is 0.78%, K2The content of O is 1.78%; the mineralization rate of nutrients in summer corn stalks is obtained according to experiments, and the mineralization release rate of wheat in season is 72.3 percent of nitrogen, 89.3 percent of phosphorus and 81.2 percent of potassium; in the season utilization rate of the fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is 46.13%, the phosphate fertilizer is 18.62% and the potassium fertilizer is 54.72%; the summer corn harvest index is obtained according to multi-point tests for many years, and the harvest index is 0.465; the seeding rate of wheat is 12.5 kg/mu.
The field returning amount of the summer corn stalks is 597.5/0.465-597.5 is 687.4 kg/mu; the C/N in the nitrogen demand of summer maize straws is adjusted from 89.6 to 25:1, and the nitrogen demand is 687.4 x (45.35% -25 x 0.506%)/25 kg/mu; the amount of nutrient taken in by the summer corn stalks is equal to the amount of returning the summer corn stalks to the field, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the summer corn stalks is equal to the mineralization rate of the summer corn stalk nutrient, the pure nitrogen is equal to 687.4, 0.506 percent, 72.3 percent, 2.51 kg/mu, and P is equal to2O5687.4 × 0.38% × 89.3% ═ 2.33 kg/mu, K2O687.4 × 1.31% × 81.2% ═ 7.31 kg/mu; the amount of nutrient carried in wheat seed is equal to the sowing amount of wheat and the nutrient content of wheat seed, N is equal to 12.5X 2.25% and is equal to 0.31 kg/mu, P is2O512.5 × 0.78% ═ 0.098 kg/mu, K2O is 12.5 × 1.78 is 0.22 kg/mu; the amount of nutrient carried in the irrigation is equal to the content of nutrient in river water multiplied by the amount of irrigation, and the amount of nutrient carried in rainwater is equal to the amount of rainfall multiplied by the area of the land block; the rainfall in the growth period of the wheat is mostly in the non-thunderstorm season, the brought nutrients can be ignored, and the wheat can be irrigatedThe nutrient intake amount of the irrigation and rain water is 0 kg/mu; the nutrient amount required by the target yield is equal to the wheat target yield multiplied by the nutrient amount required by 100kg of wheat grains per 100, the pure N is equal to 527.0 multiplied by 2.96 per 100 multiplied by 15.6kg per mu, and P is equal to the total weight of the wheat grains2O5527.0 × 1.21/100 ═ 6.40 kg/mu, K2O527 × 3.11/100 16.39 kg/mu.
The accurate fertilizing amount of wheat is (the target yield needs nutrient amount-summer corn straw brings in nutrient amount-plough layer soil nutrient supply amount-wheat seed brings in nutrient amount-irrigation brings in nutrient amount-rainwater brings in nutrient amount)/nutrient in-season utilization rate, N is (15.6-5.88-2.51-0.31-0-0)/0.4613 is (14.96 kg/mu), P is (P is) 14.96 kg/mu2O57.05 kg/mu (6.40-2.66-2.33-0.098-0-0)/0.1862; k2O ═ (16.39-7.31-7.16-0.22-0-0)/0.5472 ═ 3.11 kg/mu; the accurate fertilizing amount is equal to the accurate fertilizing amount of wheat and multiplied by the soil fertility increasing coefficient, N is equal to 14.96 multiplied by 1.05 is equal to 15.71 kg/mu, P is equal to2O57.05X 1.10 ═ 7.76 kg/mu, K2O is 3.11 multiplied by 1.05 is 3.27 kg/mu, and the soil fertility increasing coefficient is determined by the content of available nutrients in the soil of the plough layer.
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer adopts base application before sowing and dressing in a growth period, and comprises the following specific steps: the basic application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 9+1.5 which is 10.5 kg/mu, the residual nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the soil preparation before sowing, the micro-spray irrigation water and fertilizer is integrally applied in the jointing stage and the grouting stage according to the mass part ratio of 2:1, the micro-spray irrigation water and fertilizer is used for integrally applying pure nitrogen 3.47 kg/mu in the jointing stage (4 months and 3 days), the urea is 7.48 kg/mu, the pure nitrogen is applied in the grouting stage (5 months and 12 days) by 1.74 kg/mu, and the urea is 3.75 kg/mu; 60 percent of the application amount of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for broadcast application, the rest phosphorus-potassium fertilizer adopts water and fertilizer integrated additional application in the rising period and the jointing period according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and P is broadcast before the broadcast2O54.66 kg/mu, K2O1.96 kg/mu, diammonium phosphate (18-46) is applied to the phosphate fertilizer with the application amount of 10.1 kg/mu, potassium chloride with the content of 60% is applied to the potash fertilizer with the application amount of 3.27 kg/mu, and topdressing is performed according to the ratio of 1:1 in the rising period and the jointing period, wherein the rising period (3 months and 8 days) and the jointing period (4 months and 3 days) adopt micro-spray irrigation water and fertilizer integration to perform topdressing on P2O51.55 kg/mu and K2O0.66 kg/mu, and applying special water soluble fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The specific steps of laying the micro-spraying belt for sprinkling irrigation are that the specification of the micro-spraying belt is an inclined (5,5 or 7) hole micro-spraying belt with the diameter of 40mm, the laying interval is (2.3,2.45,2.5) m, the length is (55,63,65) m, and a Venturi fertilizer applicator is used.
In the specific implementation process, the local land is irrigated with micro-sprinkling irrigation for 50m before overwintering (11 months and 20 days)3Micro-sprinkling irrigation water of 20 m/mu and rising period (3 months and 8 days)330m of micro-sprinkling irrigation water in the period of each mu and the jointing stage (4 months and 3 days)3Micro-sprinkling irrigation water of 20 m/mu and in the grouting period (5 months and 12 days)3Per mu; chemical weeding is carried out once before winter (11 months and 15 days), and three prevention are sprayed once every 5 months and 20 days and 5 months and 28 days. When the rice is harvested, the yield is measured to be 534.8 kg/mu (converted into the water content of 13%), and the average yield is increased by 4.51 kg/mu in 3 years before, which is higher than the target yield.
The parameters in step b can be quoted directly or measured again in 5 years.
The nutrient content of the river water is obtained according to actual measurement; the irrigation quantity is the water yield of a water pump multiplied by the irrigation time; the current season nutrient utilization rate (the amount of nutrient absorbed by crops in a current season fertilization area is not suitable for the crops in a certain nutrient area to absorb the amount of nutrient)/the amount of nutrient applied is a conventional technology of soil fertilizers.
Claims (3)
1. A wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer precise-application-reduction high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the following steps are taken: a. collecting and determining the target yield of wheat, the yield of summer corn grains and the content of available nutrients in plough layer soil; b. the following parameters were determined: the nutrient content required for producing 100kg of wheat grains, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient content of summer corn straws and the nutrient supply amount of plough layer soil; the wheat seed nutrient content, the summer corn straw nutrient mineralization rate, the fertilizer in-season utilization rate, the summer corn harvest index and the wheat seeding amount; c. the following parameters were calculated: returning summer corn straws to the field, wherein the summer corn straws need nitrogen, the summer corn straws bring nutrient, the wheat seeds bring nutrient, irrigation and rainwater bring nutrient and the target yield needs nutrient; d. the following parameters were then calculated: the accurate fertilization amount and the fertilization amount of the wheat are controlled; e. the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are subjected to basal application before sowing and topdressing in a growth period; f. laying a micro-spray belt for spray irrigation;
collecting the harvest yield of the wheat in the land of nearly three years, taking the average yield increase of 3 percent in three years as the target yield of the wheat in the current year, YTarget＝[(Y1+Y2+Y3)/3]X 1.03, wherein YTargetTarget yield of native block wheat, Y1、Y2And Y3Actual harvest yield of wheat for the previous 3 years; the summer corn seed yield is the summer corn seed yield of the same year of the land; the content of the available nutrients in the plough layer soil is the content of 0-20cm of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil in any year of nearly three years;
the nutrient content required for producing 100kg of wheat grains is an average value obtained by a multi-point test for many years, N is 2.96kg, and P is2O51.21kg, K2O is 3.11 kg; the N content in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the summer corn straws is 0.506 percent, and P is2O5Is 0.38%, K2The content of O is 1.31 percent, and the content of C is 45.35 percent; the nutrient supply amount of the plough layer soil is obtained according to multi-year and multi-point tests, the average N supply of the wheat season soil is 5.88 kg/mu, and P is2O52.66 kg/mu for K2O is 7.16 kg/mu; the content of N in the nutrient content of the wheat seeds is 2.25 percent, and P2O5Is 0.78%, K2The content of O is 1.78%; the mineralization rate of nutrients in summer corn stalks is obtained according to experiments, wherein the mineralization release rate of wheat in season is 72.3 percent of nitrogen, 89.3 percent of phosphorus and 81.2 percent of potassium; in the season utilization rate of the fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is 46.13%, the phosphate fertilizer is 18.62% and the potassium fertilizer is 54.72%; the summer corn harvest index is obtained according to multi-point tests for many years, and the harvest index is 0.465; the seeding rate of the wheat is 12.5 kg/mu;
the summer corn straw returning amount is the yield of summer corn grains/the summer corn harvesting index-the summer corn grains; C/N in the C/N nitrogen demand of the summer corn stalks is adjusted to 25:1 from 89.6, and the nitrogen demand is summer corn stalk returning quantity x (C content-25 in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the summer corn stalks and N content in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the summer corn stalks)/25; the amount of nutrient carried in the summer corn stalks is equal to the amount of returning the summer corn stalks to the field, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient content of the summer corn stalks and the mineralization rate of the summer corn stalk nutrient; the amount of nutrient carried in the wheat seeds is equal to the sowing amount of the wheat and the nutrient content of the wheat seeds; the nutrient content in the irrigation water is equal to the nutrient content of river water multiplied by the irrigation amount, and the nutrient content in the rainwater is equal to the rainfall multiplied by the land area; the nutrient requirement for the target yield is equal to the target yield of wheat multiplied by the nutrient requirement for producing 100kg of wheat grains/100 kg of wheat grains;
the accurate fertilization amount of the wheat is equal to (the target yield needs nutrient amount-nutrient amount brought by summer corn stalks-nutrient amount brought by plough layer soil-nutrient supply amount brought by wheat seeds-nutrient amount brought by irrigation-nutrient amount brought by rainfall)/nutrient in-season utilization rate; and (3) the accurate fertilizing amount of the fertilizer is equal to the accurate fertilizing amount of the wheat multiplied by the soil fertility improvement coefficient, and the soil fertility improvement coefficient is determined by the content of the available nutrients in the plough layer soil.
2. The method for cultivating wheat in a micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer accurately, in a reduced-application, high-yield and high-efficiency manner as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer adopts base application before sowing and dressing in a growth period, and comprises the following specific steps: the basic nitrogen fertilizer application amount is equal to the C/nitrogen demand of summer corn straws plus 1.5 kg/mu, the residual nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a spreading way before sowing when soil preparation is carried out, and the residual nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a micro-sprinkling irrigation water-fertilizer integrated way according to the mass part ratio of 2:1 in the jointing stage and the grouting stage; 60% of the application amount of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for broadcasting, and the rest of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is subjected to water-fertilizer integrated topdressing in the rising period and the jointing period according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
3. The method for cultivating wheat in a micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer accurately, in a reduced-application, high-yield and high-efficiency manner as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the specific steps of laying the micro-spraying belt for spray irrigation are that the specification of the micro-spraying belt is an inclined 5-hole or 7-hole micro-spraying belt with the diameter of 40mm, the laying interval is 2.4 +/-0.1 m, the length is 60 +/-5 m, and the fertilizer is topdressed by using a Venturi fertilizer applicator or a pumping fertilization method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910281482.5A CN109937817B (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-09 | Wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer precise-application-reduction high-yield efficient cultivation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910281482.5A CN109937817B (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-09 | Wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer precise-application-reduction high-yield efficient cultivation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109937817A CN109937817A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
| CN109937817B true CN109937817B (en) | 2021-09-24 |
Family
ID=67014147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910281482.5A Active CN109937817B (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-09 | Wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer precise-application-reduction high-yield efficient cultivation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109937817B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110771457A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 中国农业大学 | Wheat water and fertilizer decrement and increase micro-spraying high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method |
| CN111034442A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for precisely fertilizing pear trees |
| CN111226711B (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2021-06-29 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Photo-thermal water-fertilizer efficient cultivation method for wheat and corn double-cropping crop rotation area |
| CN115062778B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-04-23 | 中国农业大学 | Corn sowing quantity decision method based on soil organic matter content |
| CN115336511B (en) * | 2022-09-17 | 2023-10-20 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for wheat in hilly and dry land |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103518527A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-22 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Water-saving fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize |
| CN105723905A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-07-06 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Potash fertilizer application method used in cooperation with wheat-corn crop rotation anniversary whole straw returning |
| CN106613750A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-05-10 | 山东农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integration water and fertilizer saving method for winter wheat |
| CN108575239A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-09-28 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method improving Winter Wheat Nitrogen utilization ratio |
| CN108782075A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-11-13 | 许昌市农业技术推广站 | A kind of wheat, Corn Rotation System period Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy green fertilizing method |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102358709B (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-07-31 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer special for winter wheat and application method for water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer |
| CN102577728B (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2014-01-15 | 河南农业大学 | Cultivation waste water trickle irrigation method for wheat-corn crop rotation system in arid-semiarid regions |
| CN106211984B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2019-10-22 | 山东农业大学 | Winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulates and controls method |
| CN107135726B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-08-04 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Drought-resisting and water-saving winter wheat spring irrigation fertilization method |
-
2019
- 2019-04-09 CN CN201910281482.5A patent/CN109937817B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103518527A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-22 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Water-saving fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize |
| CN105723905A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-07-06 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Potash fertilizer application method used in cooperation with wheat-corn crop rotation anniversary whole straw returning |
| CN106613750A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-05-10 | 山东农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integration water and fertilizer saving method for winter wheat |
| CN108575239A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-09-28 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method improving Winter Wheat Nitrogen utilization ratio |
| CN108782075A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-11-13 | 许昌市农业技术推广站 | A kind of wheat, Corn Rotation System period Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy green fertilizing method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 《微喷灌水肥一体化小麦磷钾肥减施稳产提质研究》;张晶;《微喷灌水肥一体化小麦磷钾肥减施稳产提质研究》;20180518;全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109937817A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109937817B (en) | Wheat micro-sprinkling irrigation fertilizer precise-application-reduction high-yield efficient cultivation method | |
| CN104584814B (en) | Balanced fertilizing method under wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields | |
| Isaev et al. | Effect of water and resource saving technologies of cotton growing on cotton yield | |
| CN106818163B (en) | Water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation fertilization method for corns in semiarid region | |
| CN104718867A (en) | Winter wheat one-step fertilization method | |
| CN107231932B (en) | Water and fertilizer integrated cultivation method for wheat stubble summer corn by drip irrigation under no-tillage direct seeding condition | |
| CN107047006A (en) | Winter wheat-summer rotation system " single fertilization " discharge-reducing method | |
| CN104904361A (en) | Water-saving fertilizing method for wheat | |
| CN104145587A (en) | Fertilizing method for high-efficiently utilizing nitrogen fertilizer on southern double-season rice | |
| CN101911881A (en) | Japonica rice three-factor nutrition management method | |
| NL2025451B1 (en) | One-Off Fertilization Method Suitable for Winter Wheat in Areas with Less Rainfall in Spring | |
| CN102362567A (en) | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method | |
| CN104094719A (en) | Pollution-free fertilizing method for sugarcane | |
| CN102503631A (en) | Cowpea fertigation package fertilizer as well as preparation method and fertilizing method thereof | |
| CN105660097B (en) | A kind of light moderate saline-alkali soil summer corn control salt method for increasing in the Huanghe delta | |
| CN104082026A (en) | Method for interplanting watermelons in sugarcane field | |
| CN105557444A (en) | Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area | |
| CN107135726B (en) | Drought-resisting and water-saving winter wheat spring irrigation fertilization method | |
| CN104054482A (en) | Method for undersowing watermelons in sugar cane field in early spring | |
| CN106961987B (en) | Carbon-fixing emission-reducing fertilizing method for rotation of increasing, reducing and combining of green Chinese onion and wheat | |
| CN105461399A (en) | Fertilizer special for millet and application method thereof | |
| CN111201967B (en) | Water-saving and fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer corn | |
| CN102696298A (en) | Newly reclaimed gentle slope thin-layer soil fast moisture preservation and fertilization method | |
| CN104145585A (en) | Fertilizer applying method and application for reducing rice planting pollution discharge | |
| CN104823801A (en) | Improvement method for seed yield of mother tree in Pinus massoniana seed orchard |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |