CN110140616A - A kind of rice cultivating method that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity - Google Patents
A kind of rice cultivating method that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005360 mashing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 80~100kg/hm2 Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 7
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- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-DHZHZOJOSA-N (E)-thiamethoxam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)/N=C/1N(C)COCN\1CC1=CN=C(Cl)S1 NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-DHZHZOJOSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOMSMJKLGFBRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentazone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NS(=O)(=O)N(C(C)C)C(=O)C2=C1 ZOMSMJKLGFBRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- UFHLMYOGRXOCSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoprothiolane Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C(=O)OC(C)C)=C1SCCS1 UFHLMYOGRXOCSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004894 snout Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosultap disodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS([O-])(=O)=O QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008467 Oryza sativa Japonica Group Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 description 1
- PYXOBZFNMXLCGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[K+].S(=O)(=O)(O)O.[K+] Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].S(=O)(=O)(O)O.[K+] PYXOBZFNMXLCGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000210 abortion Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/22—Methane [CH4], e.g. from rice paddies
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rice cultivating methods that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity, belong to Rice Cropping technical field, the cultural method is the following steps are included: site preparation, application base manure, mashing, rice transplanting, application tillering fertilizer, application booting fertilizer, rice harvesting and removal stalk；The base manure includes following component: nitrogenous fertilizer, in terms of purity nitrogen, 80~100kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer, with P2O5Meter, 60~80kg/hm2And potash fertilizer, with K2O meter, 40~60kg/hm2；The raw material of the base manure includes 1.4~1.6t/hm of charcoal2；The charcoal is prepared by raw material of rice straw.The cultural method of invention is by increasing rice straw charcoal in the application base manure stage and reducing chemical fertilizer (nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer) amount of application, soil organic matter content can be increased, reduce paddy methane discharge and comprehensive greenhouse effects, higher rice yield is obtained, fertilizer utilization efficiency is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Rice Cropping technical field more particularly to a kind of water that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity
Rice growing method.
Background technique
Paddy system is important greenhouse gas emission source, reduces rice field greenhouse gas emission for extenuating greenhouse effects meaning
Justice is great.Methane is one of greenhouse gases important in rice field, and paddy methane discharge accounts for about the 17% of global annual total release
Left and right, some researches show that the annual emissions of China's paddy methane are 7.2-9.5Tg, and Emission Reduction Potential is very big.According to statistics, China
About 600,000,000 tons of the stalk that all kinds of crops produce every year or so, wherein 2.3 hundred million tons of rice straw, stalk resource rationally recycle
As China's Rice Production urgent problem.It points out to keep good ecological ring in the rural strategy to revitalize that China implements
Border promotes rural Green Development, for this purpose, should actively push forward the comprehensive utilization of China's rice straw, caused by reducing because of crop straw burning
The problems such as environmental pollution, explores the straw utilization new way adaptable with the technology that increases production and improves productivity with China rice field carbon fixation and emission reduction.
China is Rice Production big country in the world, the Heilungkiang japonica rice main producing region important as China and commodity food production
Base, Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area steeply rose in recent years, for ensureing that China's grain ration effective supply has a decisive role.This
Outside, since China farmland is mainly to apply based on chemical fertilizer, and nitrogen application is excessive, and utilization rate is low.Though the black earth rice field in Heilungkiang
Organic matter with higher, but rice field chronic administration chemical fertilizer, lead to soil hardening, soil fertility constantly declines.Charcoal is raw
The porous rich carbon of one kind that substance thermal cracking destructive distillation under anoxic and hot conditions is formed, height aromatization, difficult to degrade, similar activity
The substance of charcoal can convert inertia carbon for the fixed organic carbon of crop photosynthesis, be not easy it by microbial mineralization, thus
Realize farmland carbon fixation and emission reduction.Currently, using rice straw charing charcoal is made and be returned in rice field substitute part chemical fertilizer be
The technical measures that a kind of ideal carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity.Increasing rice straw charcoal and on the one hand can increase soil has
Machine matter, fertilizing soil soil fertility；On the other hand paddy methane discharge and comprehensive greenhouse effects be can be reduced, rice field greenhouse gases row is slowed down
It puts, is a kind of effective, convenient and fast rice field reduction of greenhouse gas discharge cultivation step, for alleviating China's climate warming with important
Realistic meaning.In addition, higher rice yield can also be obtained by increasing rice straw charcoal, and increase fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of rice cultivating method that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity, the party
Method establishes the cultivation system of suitable Heilongjiang regions, can increase the soil organism while reducing applying quantity of chemical fertilizer and contain
Amount reduces paddy methane discharge and comprehensive greenhouse effects, obtains higher rice yield, increases fertilizer utilization efficiency.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of rice cultivating methods that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity, including following step
It is rapid: site preparation, application base manure, mashing, rice transplanting, application tillering fertilizer, application booting fertilizer, rice harvesting and removal stalk；The base manure
Including following component: nitrogenous fertilizer, in terms of purity nitrogen, 80~100kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer, with P2O5Meter, 60~80kg/hm2And potash fertilizer, with K2O
Meter, 40~60kg/hm2；
The raw material of the base manure includes 1.4~1.6t/hm of charcoal2；
The charcoal is prepared by raw material of rice straw.
Preferably, the charcoal includes the component of following weight ratio: 0.5~0.7g/kg of nitrogen, 1.9~2.1g/ of phosphorus
Kg, 27~28g/kg of potassium, 535~540g/kg of organic carbon.
Preferably, the mode of the site preparation is to turn over or rotary tillage.
Preferably, the depth turned over is 18~20cm.
Preferably, the time of the rice transplanting is 4~6d after mashing.
Preferably, the line-spacing of the rice transplanting is 30cm；The spacing in the rows of the rice transplanting is 13.3cm.
Preferably, the tillering fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer；For the nitrogenous fertilizer in terms of purity nitrogen, amount of application is 50~60kg/hm2。
Preferably, the booting fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer；For the nitrogenous fertilizer in terms of purity nitrogen, amount of application is 30~40kg/hm2。
Preferably, the cultural method further includes water management, chemical weed control and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention provides a kind of rice croppings that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity
Method, this method are applied by increasing rice straw charcoal in the application base manure stage and reducing chemical fertilizer (nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer)
Dosage can increase the soil organism, reduce paddy methane discharge and comprehensive greenhouse effects, obtain higher rice yield, increase
Add fertilizer utilization efficiency.Also, the charcoal that the present invention is applied is prepared by raw material of rice straw, and rice can be made
Straw circulating utilizes, and reduces because of crop straw burning bring problem of environmental pollution, and charcoal of the invention and common biology
Charcoal base manure has essential distinction, and charcoal of the invention contains lower N-P-K content, and increasing rice straw charcoal can increase
The soil organism, fertilizing soil soil fertility；It can be reduced paddy methane discharge and comprehensive greenhouse effects, slow down rice field greenhouse gases row
It puts, is a kind of effective, convenient and fast rice field reduction of greenhouse gas discharge cultivation step, for alleviating China's climate warming with important
Realistic meaning.By verification experimental verification, with compared with the application base manure stage does not increase rice straw charcoal, use is of the present invention
Method, the 1st year content of organic matter improve 5.0%, and wilfully force of labor improves 7.3% for yield and nitrogenous fertilizer, methane emission and comprehensive
Close greenhouse effects reduces by 6.3% and 6.2% respectively；Using the method for the invention, the 2nd year content of organic matter improves 2.3%,
Wilfully force of labor improves 13.5% for yield and nitrogenous fertilizer, and methane emission and comprehensive greenhouse effects reduce by 15.0%.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of rice cultivating methods that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity, including following step
It is rapid: site preparation, application base manure, mashing, rice transplanting, application tillering fertilizer, application booting fertilizer, rice harvesting and removal stalk.
In the present invention, site preparation is first carried out；The time of the site preparation is preferably 15~October 31 October；The site preparation
Mode is preferably turned over or rotary tillage；The depth turned over is preferably 18~20cm；More preferably 19cm；The depth of the rotary tillage
Preferably 10~15cm, more preferably 12~14cm.It is preferably used in specific implementation process of the invention and turns over or turn over
It ploughs with rotary tillage alternately, this is because long-term rotary tillage will lead to soil plough horizon and shoal, is unfavorable for rice root and takes root.
The present invention applies base manure after site preparation；The administration time of the base manure is preferably to be beaten preceding 1~5d, and more preferably 2
~4d；The base manure includes following component: nitrogenous fertilizer, in terms of purity nitrogen, 80~100kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer, with P2O5Meter, 60~80kg/
hm2And potash fertilizer, with K2O meter, 40~60kg/hm2；Preferably, the base manure includes following component: nitrogenous fertilizer, in terms of purity nitrogen, 90kg/
hm2, phosphate fertilizer, with P2O5Meter, 70kg/hm2And potash fertilizer, with K2O meter, 50kg/hm2。
In the present invention, the raw material of the base manure includes 1.4~1.6t/hm of charcoal2, preferably 1.5t/hm2；The biology
Charcoal is prepared by raw material of rice straw；The charcoal preferably includes the component of following weight ratio: nitrogen 0.5~
0.7g/kg, 1.9~2.1g/kg of phosphorus, 27~28g/kg of potassium, 535~540g/kg of organic carbon；It more preferably include following weight ratio
The component of example: nitrogen 0.6g/kg, phosphorus 2g/kg, potassium 27.5g/kg, 537~538g/kg of organic carbon.In the present invention, the charcoal
Using rice straw as raw material, prepared preferably through pyrolysis processing；The temperature of the pyrolysis processing is preferably 500 DEG C.This
In the specific implementation process of invention, the charcoal is preferably purchased from Nanjing Qin Feng straw Science and Technology Ltd..
In the present invention, the N-P-K content of the charcoal is lower, and raw material are easy to obtain.And the preparation of other biological charcoal
Raw material is more, such as peanut shell, boll hull, sawdust, sawdust etc., and it is more difficult that a large amount of raw material obtain, also, other biological charcoal base
Fertilizer is to form a kind of mixed fertilizer after mixing biological carbon grinding with chemical fertilizer, and N-P-K content is higher.In the present invention, the rice
The effect of straw biological charcoal is to increase the soil organism, and fertilizing soil reduces paddy methane discharge and comprehensive greenhouse effects, obtains
Higher rice yield increases fertilizer utilization efficiency.
In the present invention, the base manure includes nitrogenous fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 80~100kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, preferably
90kg/hm2；The nitrogenous fertilizer preferably includes urea, charcoal and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (nitrogen content 18%)；Nitrogen in the urea
Mass percentage is preferably 46%；The urea is preferably purchased from Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd..In the present invention, institute
On the one hand the nitrogenous fertilizer stated is used to improve soil.On the other hand, starting hair new root in rice seedling just has enough nutrient supplies, is conducive to
Rice seedling early growth and quick tiller.A certain amount of rice straw charcoal fertilizer is applied in base manure, can increase the content of soil with organic matter,
The formation for promoting crumb structure, improves the aeration of soil, is conducive to the formation of heavy root system, keep rice well established and vigorously developing, healthy and strong
Growth.
In the present invention, the base manure includes phosphate fertilizer, and the phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5It is calculated as 60~80kg/hm2, preferably 70kg/
hm2；The phosphate fertilizer is preferably Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；P in the Diammonium phosphate (DAP)2O5Mass percentage be preferably 46%；The phosphoric acid
Diammonium is preferably purchased from Yunnan tricyclic Zhong Huameisheng chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd；The P2O5Including the phosphorus contained in charcoal.This hair
In bright, the effect of the phosphate fertilizer is to start hair new root in rice seedling just to have enough nutrient supplies, accelerates the quick tiller of rice seedling.
In the present invention, the base manure includes potash fertilizer, and the potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 40~60kg/hm2, preferably 50kg/
hm2；The potash fertilizer is preferably potassium sulfate；K in the potassium sulfate2The mass percentage of O is preferably 50%；The potassium sulfate is excellent
Choosing is purchased from Zhengzhou Mobil chemical products Co., Ltd；The K2O includes the potassium contained in charcoal.It is described in the present invention
The effect of potash fertilizer is that rice seedling is disease-resistant, cold tolerance for enhancing, moreover it is possible to enhance root activity, improve rice seedling and fertilizer is absorbed and utilized
Rate.
The present invention is beaten after applying base manure；The time of the mashing is preferably 1~May 10 May；It is described
Pulping process duration is preferably 10~20min/ mus；The temperature of the mashing is preferably 8~20 DEG C, more preferably 15
℃；The equipment of the mashing is preferably beater；The blade axis rotary speed of the beater is preferably 300~350r/min, more preferably
For 340r/min；The beater is preferably the paddy field level land change-can mixer of Lianyun Harbour Shuan Ya Machinery Co., Ltd. production.The present invention
In, the effect of the mashing processing is to make rice field surface height is basic to keep uniformity, reaches the state to rice transplanting.
The present invention carries out rice transplanting after mashing；4~6d, more preferably 5d after the time of the rice transplanting is preferably beaten；Institute
The line-spacing for stating rice transplanting is preferably 30cm；The spacing in the rows of the rice transplanting is 13.3cm.The present invention be arranged rice transplanting time be mashing after 4~
The reason of 6d is that the mud after having broken slurry is very dilute, to sink rice transplanting after real 4~6d, is conducive to rice shoot and inserts in the ground, avoids because of mud
Too dilute rice shoot inserts the unstable and seedling that floats.
The present invention applies tillering fertilizer after rice transplanting is complete；The administration time of the tillering fertilizer is preferably 1~June 10 in June
Day；The tillering fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer；For the nitrogenous fertilizer in terms of purity nitrogen, amount of application is preferably 50~60kg/hm2, more preferably 54kg/
hm2；The nitrogenous fertilizer is preferably urea；The mass percentage of nitrogen is preferably 46% in the urea；The urea is preferably purchased
From in Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd..In the present invention, the effect for applying tillering fertilizer is to promote the quick tiller of rice, increases base
This seedling.
The present invention is after applying tillering fertilizer, application booting fertilizer；The administration time of the booting fertilizer is preferably 1~July of July
10 days；The booting fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer；For the nitrogenous fertilizer in terms of purity nitrogen, amount of application is preferably 30~40kg/hm2, more preferably
36kg/hm2；The nitrogenous fertilizer is preferably urea；The mass percentage of nitrogen is preferably 46% in the urea；The urea is preferred
Be purchased from Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd..In the present invention, the effect of application booting fertilizer is to promote hair fringe and grouting.
The present invention carries out rice harvesting after application booting fertilizer；The time of the rice harvesting is preferably September 20 days~10
The moon 10, rice of being subject to are mature；The equipment of the rice harvesting is preferably combine harvester.
The present invention removes stalk after rice harvesting；The stalk of the removal is used to prepare charcoal, realizes agriculture waste
Object recycles, furthermore, stalk removes the rice transplanting for being conducive to second year.
In the present invention, the cultural method of the Heilongjiangdistrict rice preferably further includes water management, chemical weed control
And the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
In the present invention, the water management includes that period of seedling establishment is poured water, and tillering stage pours water, drains dry field, jointing-booting stage
It pours water, heading flowering period is poured water and drained with the maturity period.
In the present invention, the time that the period of seedling establishment is poured water is preferably 5~9d, more preferably 7d before turning green after rice transplanting；It is described
The depth of water layer is preferably 2~2.5cm after period of seedling establishment is poured water；The mode that the period of seedling establishment is poured water is preferably surface-water irrigation (ratio
Such as river).In the present invention, the effect that the period of seedling establishment is poured water is to promote to prick under new root by irrigating shoaling layer.
In the present invention, 1~2d before application tillering fertilizer after the time that the tillering stage pours water preferably turns green；The tillering stage
The depth of water layer is preferably 4~5cm after pouring water；Water layer is set to be maintained at 2~4cm, Zhi Daoyou after the tillering stage application tillering fertilizer
3~5d before the effect critical Leaf-Age-Period of tiller；The mode that the tillering stage pours water is preferably surface-water irrigation (such as river).The present invention
In, the effect that the tillering stage pours water is long root, leaf, promotes tiller.
In the present invention, the time of the draining dry field is preferably 3~5d before the critical Leaf-Age-Period of effective tillering；The draining is shone
The step of field, is as follows: carry out the first dry field after draining, shine to the field crack Mian You and see white, leaf endure color it is light after carry out second and shine
Field is poured water.To time of first dry field, there is no limit to shine to the field crack Mian You and see white, it is light that leaf endures color to the present invention
Subject to；The time of second dry field is preferably 5~7d, more preferably 6d；It is described pour water after water layer depth be preferably 2~
5cm, more preferably 3cm.In the present invention, the effect of the draining dry field is control ineffective tillering；Support vigorous, promotion rice root
It is vigor, enhances capacity for the resistance to lodging；The ecological environment and physicochemical character for improving soil, improve the content of the available nutrient of soil.This hair
It in bright, carry out the second dry field and mainly considers soil property and fertility, due to field fertile soil, soil property is deep, early period applies fertilizer more, seedling
Seedling growth is vigorous, has lodging dangerous, early to shine, shine again.
In the present invention, the time that the jointing-booting stage is poured water is preferably jointing-booting stage；The jointing-booting stage is poured water
The step of it is as follows: first pours water, and soil moisture falls dry, and second pours water；Described first pour water after water layer depth be preferably 3~
5cm, more preferably 4cm；The present invention falls the dry time to soil moisture, and there is no limit until ground is anhydrous, foot nest has water；Institute
State second pour water after the depth of water layer be preferably 3~5cm, more preferably 4cm.In the present invention, what the jointing-booting stage was poured water
Effect is control jointing speed, keeps the circularity of stem tissue, improves disease resistance, prevents grain husk flower from degenerating.
In the present invention, the time that the heading flowering period is poured water is preferably 1~2d before heading flowering period to dough stage；It is described
The step of heading flowering period is poured water is as follows: pour water with soil moisture fall it is dry repeat, stopped before dough stage；It is described to pour water
The depth of water layer is preferably 3~5cm afterwards, more preferably 4cm；The present invention falls the dry time to soil moisture, and there is no limit until ground
Face is anhydrous, foot nest has water.In the present invention, the effect that the heading flowering period is poured water is to guarantee the absorption fortune of plant pair nutrient
Turn smooth, the maximum photosynthesis rate of blade is able to maintain after nutrition is abundant, promotes grain husk flower normal differentiation, reduce the grain husk under high-temperature condition
Flower abortion.
In the present invention, maturity period draining；The time of the draining is rice complete ripeness initial stage.
In the present invention, the chemical weed control includes being administered weed eradication after enclosed weeding and transplanting before transplanting.
In the present invention, mashing processing is carried out before the transplanting before enclosed weeding, the mud natural subsidence after being beaten, the water surface
Weed eradication is carried out after clarification；The time of enclosed weeding is preferably 5~7d before rice transplanting, more preferably 6d before the transplanting；The transplanting
The medicament of preceding enclosed weeding is preferably 60% Machete missible oil or oxadiazon；The amount of application of the 60% Machete missible oil is preferably
1800mL/hm2；The amount of application of the oxadiazon is preferably 2250mL/hm2；It is excellent after enclosed weeding before the transplanting in the present invention
Choosing further includes keeping water layer；The depth of the water layer is preferably 3~5cm；The time of the holding is 5~7d.
It includes going out except barnyard grass and going out except convexutricle sedge herb that weed eradication is administered in the present invention, after the transplanting.
It is described to go out except the period of barnyard grass is preferably 15~20d after 4.5 leaf of rice~5.5 leaf phases or rice transplanting in the present invention.
It is described to go out except the medicament of barnyard grass and the growing state of barnyard grass are related in specific implementation process of the present invention；If barnyard grass
It is described to go out except the medicament of barnyard grass is preferably 60% Machete missible oil and 10% cultivated husband's wettable powder before 1.5 leaf phases；It is described
The amount of application of 60% Machete missible oil is preferably 1500mL/hm2；The amount of application of 10% cultivated husband's wettable powder is preferably
2000mL/hm2；If barnyard grass is after 1.5 leaf phases and before 2.1 leaf phases, described to go out except the medicament of barnyard grass is preferably 30%
A Luojin missible oil or 50% Ba itianjing wettable powder；The amount of application of the 30% A Luojin missible oil is preferably 500mL/hm2；Institute
The amount of application for stating 50% Ba itianjing wettable powder is preferably 300mL/hm2.If barnyard grass after 2.1 leaf phases, 4 leaf phases it
Before, it is described to go out except the medicament of barnyard grass is preferably 30% A Luojin missible oil and 10% cultivated husband's wettable powder；30% A Luojin
The amount of application of missible oil is preferably 750mL/hm2；The amount of application of 10% cultivated husband's wettable powder is preferably 2000mL/hm2；Such as
When fruit barnyard grass was more than 4 leaf phase；It is described to go out except the medicament of barnyard grass is preferably 50% dichloro quinolinic acid, 50% quinclorac, 50% mind hoe
Or 25% dichloro quinolinic acid；The application of 50% dichloro quinolinic acid, 50% quinclorac, 50% mind hoe or 25% dichloro quinolinic acid
Mode preferably sprays；The amount of application of 50% dichloro quinolinic acid, 50% quinclorac and 50% mind hoe is preferably 300~
400g/hm2；The amount of application of 25% dichloro quinolinic acid is preferably 600~800g/hm2.It is described to go out except after barnyard grass in the present invention
It preferably further include keeping water layer；The depth of the water layer is preferably 3~5cm；The time of the holding is 5~7d.
It is described to go out except the time of convexutricle sedge herb is preferably rice effective tillering latter stage in the present invention；It is described to go out except convexutricle sedge herb
Environment temperature is preferably 20~25 DEG C, and more preferably 22~24 DEG C；It is described to go out except the weather of convexutricle sedge herb is preferably fine day；It is described to go out
Except the medicament of convexutricle sedge herb is preferably component A or B component；The retarder thinner of the component A and B component is preferably water；The component A
It is preferably sprayed with the method for application of B component；The component A preferably includes 48% Bentazon and 56% dimethyl tetrachloride；It is described
The amount of application of 48% Bentazon is preferably 1.5kg/hm2；The amount of application of 56% dimethyl tetrachloride is preferably 350~400g/hm2；
The B component is preferably the wealthy pellet of 46% Sha；The amount of application of the wealthy pellet of 46% Sha is preferably 2.5~3kg/hm2.In the present invention,
It is described to go out except convexutricle sedge herb the previous day drains field water；Second day normal management of pouring water after the application.
In the present invention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control includes prevention and treatment Liriomyza, prevention and treatment scotellaris, prevention and treatment striped rice borer, prevention and treatment leaf
Pest and prevention and treatment panicle blast.
In the present invention, the controlling object of the prevention and treatment Liriomyza is preferably Liriomyza second generation larva；The Liriomyza
Second generation larva is present in rice blade tip end；The time of the prevention and treatment Liriomyza is preferably 10 after 1~June 20 June or rice transplanting
~20d；The medicament of the prevention and treatment Liriomyza is preferably component A or second component；The depth of water layer during the prevention and treatment Liriomyza
Degree is preferably 3~5cm.
In the present invention, the method for application of the component A is preferably sprayed；The component A preferably includes 70% pyrrole worm
Quinoline (Amy is happy) water dispersible granules and 25% Diacloden water dispersible granules；70% imidacloprid (Amy the is happy) water dispersible granules
Amount of application is preferably 600g/hm2；The amount of application of the 25% Diacloden water dispersible granules is preferably 600g/hm2。
In the present invention, the method for application of the second component, which is preferably got rid of, to be applied；The second component is preferably that 18% dimehypo is spread
Drops；The amount of application that 18% dimehypo spreads drops is preferably 3~3.75kg/hm2。
In the present invention, the prevention and treatment scotellaris is preferably 10~June 20 June, which is that scotellaris is contained
Phase；The medicament of the prevention and treatment scotellaris is referring to the medicament for preventing and treating Liriomyza；The method of the prevention and treatment scotellaris is referring to prevention and treatment leaf mining
The method of fly or when having dew in the morning, larva is swept and is fallen in water；The tool fallen of sweeping is preferably broom.
In the present invention, the controlling object of the prevention and treatment striped rice borer is preferably striped rice borer first brood of larvae；The prevention and treatment two
The time for changing snout moth's larva is preferably 20~July 30 July, which is striped rice borer first brood of larvae occurance peak；The prevention and treatment two
Change the medicament of snout moth's larva referring to the medicament of prevention and treatment Liriomyza；The method of the prevention and treatment striped rice borer is referring to the method for preventing and treating Liriomyza.
In the present invention, the time of the prevention and treatment leaf pest is preferably the tiller intermediary and later stages；The number of the prevention and treatment leaf pest is preferred
It is 1~2 time；The medicament of the prevention and treatment leaf pest is preferably the third component or B-B fraction；The method of application of third component and B-B fraction
Preferably spray；Third component preferably includes 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% rice blast emulsion for cleaning；Described 50%
The amount of application of carbendazol wettable powder is preferably 1.8kg/hm2；The amount of application of the 50% rice blast emulsion for cleaning is preferably
1800mL/hm2；The B-B fraction preferably includes 40% Fujione and water；The amount of application of 40% Fujione is preferred
For 1500mL/hm2；The amount of application of the water is preferably 300kg/hm2。
In the present invention, the time of the prevention and treatment panicle blast is preferably rice cut phase to beginning ear period and/or the neat fringe of rice
Phase；The medicament of the prevention and treatment panicle blast is preferably penta component, own component or component in heptan.
In the present invention, the method for application of penta component is preferably sprayed；Penta component preferably includes that 25% miaow is fresh
Amine, 2% kasumin and water；The amount of application of 25% Prochloraz is preferably 80~100mL/ mus；The application of 2% kasumin
Preferably 80mL/ mus of amount；The amount of application of the water is preferably 5L/ mus.
In the present invention, the method for application of the own component is preferably sprayed；The own component is preferably 75% and takes enemy steady
And water；Described 75% amount of application for taking enemy steady is preferably 15~25g/ mus；The amount of application of the water is preferably 5kg/ mus.
In the present invention, the method for application of the component in heptan is preferably sprayed；The component in heptan is preferably 75% standing grain skill and water；
The amount of application of the 75% standing grain skill is preferably 15~25g/ mus；The amount of application of the water is preferably 5kg/ mus.
Below with reference to embodiment to a kind of rice cropping that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity provided by the invention
Method is described in detail, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
A kind of rice cultivating method that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity of embodiment 1
1. rice maturation (September 30 days), is harvested, and stalk is removed rice field using combine harvester in due course；
2. turning over site preparation (October 22), ploughed depth 20cm；
3. applying base manure (April 30), the nutrient of the base manure includes purity nitrogen 90kg/hm2、P2O570kg/hm2With
K2O 50kg/hm2；The raw material of the base manure includes charcoal 1.5t/hm2(wherein nitrogenous 0.61g/kg, phosphorus 1.99g/kg, potassium
27.15g/kg, organic carbon 537.97g/kg, manufacturer are Nanjing Qin Feng straw Science and Technology Ltd.)；It is raw to deduct rice straw
The potassium contained in object charcoal, other K2O, which is used, applies potassium sulfate polishing (in potassium sulfate potassium oxide content for 50%)；Deduct rice straw
The phosphorus contained in charcoal, other P2O5Using Diammonium phosphate (DAP) polishing (P in Diammonium phosphate (DAP)2O546%) content is；Deduct rice straw
The nitrogen (nitrogen content is 18% in Diammonium phosphate (DAP)) contained in stalk charcoal and Diammonium phosphate (DAP), remaining purity nitrogen is using urea polishing (urine
In element 46%) nitrogen content is；Rice field is beaten (May 11) using beater, beating time is 20min/ mus, beater
Blade axis rotary speed is 340r/min；
4. rice transplanting (May 17), the line-spacing of rice transplanting is 30cm；The spacing in the rows of the rice transplanting is 13.3cm；
5. applying tillering fertilizer (June 5), amount of application is purity nitrogen 54kg/hm2(apply urea, nitrogen content 46%, factory
Family is Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd.)；
7. it is fertile (July 6) to apply booting, amount of application is purity nitrogen 36kg/hm2(apply urea, nitrogen content 46%, factory
Family is Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd.)；
The cultural method of the present embodiment further includes water management, chemical weed control and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, and particular content is as follows:
One, water management
1. period of seedling establishment is poured water
7d fills 2cm shoaling layer before turning green after rice transplanting.
2. tillering stage pours water
1d fills 4cm water layer before applying fetilizer for tillering after turning green, and so that water layer is maintained at 3cm later, until the critical Leaf-Age-Period of effective tillering
Preceding 3d.
3. draining dry field
3d drains dry field before the critical Leaf-Age-Period of effective tillering, drains water, dry field reaches the field crack Mian You and sees white, Ye Ting
Color is light, then shines 5d, fills 3cm water layer again later.
4. jointing-booting stage is poured water
Jointing-booting stage fills the running water of 3cm, main to carry out control irrigation；3cm water layer is first irrigated every time, through in a few days
After become moisture state, finally fall naturally dry, foot nest anhydrous to ground has fills 3cm water layer again when water.
5 heading flowering periods are poured water
Heading flowering period fills 3cm running water, using control irrigation method identical with jointing-booting stage, until dough stage.
The draining of 6 maturity periods
Complete ripeness initial stage starts to drain.
Two, chemical weed control
1. enclosed weeding before transplanting
After mashing (5d before rice transplanting), mud natural subsidence, per hectare, which is got rid of, after water surface clarification applies 60% Machete cream
Oily 1800mL keeps water layer 3cm, and keeps 5d after application, the rice transplanting after the water surface falls on Hua Dashui naturally.
2. being administered weed eradication after transplanting
2.1 go out except barnyard grass
In the 4.5 leaf phase of rice, before 1.5 leaf phases, per hectare mixture is got rid of to be sprayed with 60% Machete missible oil barnyard grass
The cultivated husband's wettable powder 2000mL of 1500mL and 10% keeps water layer 3cm, and keeps 5d after application.
2.2 go out except convexutricle sedge herb
In rice effective tillering latter stage, high temperature fine day is selected, per hectare mixes 56% dimethyl tetrachloride with 48% Bentazon 1.5kg
350g~400g, it is spraying to water 300kg.Application the previous day drains field water, second day normal management of pouring water after application.
Three, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
1. preventing and treating Liriomyza
It is present in rice blade tip end, mainly second generation larva, is prevented and treated within 10th in June, application medicaments per hectare 70%
Imidacloprid (Amy happy) water dispersible granules 600g, 25% Diacloden water dispersible granules 600g is prevented and treated by spraying, and when application keeps water layer
3cm。
2. preventing and treating scotellaris
In scotellaris occurance peak medication on June 15, method and medicament prevent and treat together Liriomyza.
3. preventing and treating striped rice borer
In striped rice borer first brood of larvae occurance peak medication on July 20, administrated method and medicament prevent and treat together Liriomyza.
4. preventing and treating rice blast
4.1 leaf pest
It is primary to spray medication respectively in middle of tillering and later period, per hectare with 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1.8kg,
50% rice blast emulsion for cleaning 1800mL is spraying spraying to water 300kg.
4.2 panicle blast
Panicle blast sprays once in rice cut phase to beginning ear period, sprays again once in rice full heading time, 25% Prochloraz
80~100mL/ mus are watered 5L with 80mL/ mus of 2% kasumin and are sprayed.
Using the continuous rice cultivation of the above method 2 years, and after harvesting rice every year, the measurement content of organic matter, nitrogenous fertilizer are inclined
Productivity, the indexs such as methane emission, nitrous oxide emission amount, comprehensive greenhouse effects；Using static camera bellows-gas chromatography phase
In conjunction with measuring method monitoring paddy methane and nitrous oxide discharge amount: using static camera bellows out of, field is sealed cabinet
Gaseous sample is extracted, methane and nitrous oxide can be analyzed simultaneously with Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph after sample is acquired
Emission flux, then calculate the discharge amount and synthesis greenhouse effects of methane and nitrous oxide.
Comparative example 1
Except the base manure of application is purity nitrogen 90kg/hm2(urea, nitrogen content 46% are applied, manufacturer is Yunnan Yuntianhua stock
The nitrogen contained in Diammonium phosphate (DAP) deducts in part Co., Ltd), P2O570kg/hm2(Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is applied, wherein nitrogen, P2O5Content difference
Are as follows: 18% and 46%, manufacturer be Yunnan tricyclic Zhong Huameisheng chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd), K2O 50kg/hm2(potassium sulfate is applied,
K2O content is 50%, and manufacturer is Zhengzhou Mobil chemical products Co., Ltd), other content is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 are about the content of organic matter, nitrogenous fertilizer wilfully force of labor, methane emission, nitrous oxide emission
The index determinings results such as amount, comprehensive greenhouse effects are referring to table 1, as the result is shown: compared with comparative example 1, the side of the embodiment of the present invention 1
The corresponding 1st year content of organic matter of method improves 5.0%, and wilfully force of labor improves 7.3% for yield and nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrous oxide emission
Amount variation is little, but methane emission and comprehensive greenhouse effects reduce by 6.3% and 6.2% respectively；The method of the embodiment of the present invention 1
The corresponding 2nd year content of organic matter improves 2.3%, and wilfully force of labor improves 13.5% for yield and nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrous oxide emission
Amount does not change, but methane emission and comprehensive greenhouse effects reduce by 15.0%.It can be seen that the present invention passes through in application base manure rank
Section increases rice straw charcoal and reduces chemical fertilizer (nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer) amount of application, increases the soil organism, reduces
Paddy methane discharge and comprehensive greenhouse effects, obtain higher rice yield, increase fertilizer utilization efficiency.
The comparison of 1 base manure fertilizer efficiency of 1 embodiment 1 of table and comparative example
As seen from the above embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of rice croppings that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity
Method, this method can increase the soil organism, reduce paddy methane discharge and comprehensive greenhouse effects, obtain higher rice and produce
Amount increases fertilizer utilization efficiency.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of rice cultivating method that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity, comprising the following steps: site preparation, application base
Fertilizer, mashing, rice transplanting, application tillering fertilizer, application booting fertilizer, rice harvesting and remove stalk, which is characterized in that the base manure includes
Following component: nitrogenous fertilizer, in terms of purity nitrogen, 80~100kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer, with P2O5Meter, 60~80kg/hm2And potash fertilizer, with K2O meter,
40~60kg/hm2；
The raw material of the base manure includes 1.4~1.6t/hm of charcoal2；
The charcoal is prepared by raw material of rice straw.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the charcoal includes the component of following weight ratio: nitrogen
0.5~0.7g/kg, 1.9~2.1g/kg of phosphorus, 27~28g/kg of potassium, 535~540g/kg of organic carbon.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the mode of the site preparation is to turn over or rotary tillage.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the depth turned over is 18~20cm.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the time of the rice transplanting is 4~6d after mashing.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the line-spacing of the rice transplanting is 30cm；The spacing in the rows of the rice transplanting
For 13.3cm.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the tillering fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer；The nitrogenous fertilizer in terms of purity nitrogen,
Amount of application is 50~60kg/hm2。
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein the booting fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer；The nitrogenous fertilizer in terms of purity nitrogen,
Amount of application is 30~40kg/hm2。
9. the method according to claim 1, wherein the cultural method further includes water management, chemical weed control
And the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
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| CN114271157A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for preventing rice glume deformity |
| CN114558417A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-31 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for reducing emission of greenhouse gas in rice field |
| CN115191303A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-18 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Method for cultivating carbon-fixing rice in winter paddy field by emission reduction |
| CN115399207A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-29 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Dry land rice cultivation method |
| CN114558417B (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2024-06-07 | 湖南农业大学 | Emission reduction method for greenhouse gases in rice field |
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| CN115399207A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-29 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Dry land rice cultivation method |
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