CN1010544B - Determination of soil fertility and optimization for manure-applying - Google Patents
Determination of soil fertility and optimization for manure-applyingInfo
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- CN1010544B CN1010544B CN 86108727 CN86108727A CN1010544B CN 1010544 B CN1010544 B CN 1010544B CN 86108727 CN86108727 CN 86108727 CN 86108727 A CN86108727 A CN 86108727A CN 1010544 B CN1010544 B CN 1010544B
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- fertilizer
- soil
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- nutrient
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for identifying soil and optimizing fertilizer application, which is used for identifying soil and optimizing fertilizer application by using a theory and a method of system identification and by directly building a soil fertilizer effect equation according to known actual production data accumulated in agricultural production. The present invention can accurately forecast the yield according to the yield data of the fertilizer application quantity of the last year under the condition without any soil measuring test in order to give an optimized fertilizer application quantity, and the yield data of the fertilizer application quantity of the last year is provided by a cropper. The accuracy rate of the forecasted yield is verified to reach higher than 96%. The method for optimizing fertilizer application of the present invention is adopted without increasing any investment or labor. Compared with the application quantity of fertilizer applied by local farmers, application quantity of nitrogenous fertilizer is saved by about 25% on the average, the yield of paddy rice per acre is increased by 45kg on the average, and the method of the present invention has wide popularization prospects and high economic value.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of soil identification and optimize fertilizing method.
Fertilizer is the material base of crop yield, and rationally applying fertilizer is an important technique measure that increases substantially crop yield.According to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's material, the production-increasing function of chemical fertilizer accounts for 30～60%.This shows that reasonable applying fertilizer is to promoting the huge effect of agricultural production.The consumption of China's chemical fertilizer increases year by year, and according to expert statistics, the consumption of China's nitrogenous fertilizer has ranked the first in the world from 1979, and phosphate fertilizer ranks the third place in the world from nineteen eighty-two, the 12 in potash fertilizer.Nineteen eighty-three 1379 ten thousand tons of China's chemical fertilizer gross yields, 1,659 ten thousand tons of total flows, wherein 2,800,000 tons will be leaned on import.But chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is low, and what have has only with 1/3 to 1/2, and all the other are to have wasted.Therefore all improve the chemical fertilizer utilization ratio problem both at home and abroad in research.Domestic and international by retrieval patent and non-patent literature, the research approach aspect rational application of fertilizer raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is a lot of both at home and abroad at present, is an important step because of soil fertilization wherein.Along with the development of producing, single use nitrogenous fertilizer can not meet the demands, also influences the performance of fertilizer efficiency.Therefore rational application of fertilizers comes into one's own day by day.Yet rational application of fertilizers must connect with soil supplying nutrient capability, and this will soil testing and fertilizer recommendation.Soil testing and fertilizer recommendation is exactly quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium that will measure soil, the mineralization ability of nitrogenous fertilizer etc., measurement result combines with potted plant again, draws correlation and bound, by the relation between field experiment checking measured value and the crop yield, draw " fertility index " at last.Because the application of calculator on agricultural forms electronic computer again and instructs fertilizer practice, but this system necessarily require to provide soil the feeder capability parameter, influence feeder capability parameter and utilization rate of fertilizer parameter etc., used parameter is more, and wherein many parameters still will just can obtain by test job.Said method is because workload is big, difficulty is high, and the peasant in fact can't accomplish, therefore is difficult in the large tracts of land and promotes; And owing to the factor that influences soil nutrient availability is a lot, survey native method and measurement criteria disunity again, the result who measures still has sxemiquantitative character, accuracy is not high, must verify that the cycle is long by planting experiment, the expense height, therefore, current most of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method still is limited to experimental.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new method that instructs the agriculture rational application of fertilizer, it does not need to carry out costly soil testing consuming time and experiment in cultivation, directly according to known yielding ability data-guiding fertilising, thus form a kind of simple, efficient is high, reliability is big, good economy performance, brand-new optimization fertilizing method easy to utilize.
Basic skills of the present invention is, the thought of system identification is applied in soil parameters identification and the optimization fertilising, directly according to the known actual creation data that accumulates in the agricultural production, determine fertilising or when not applying fertilizer soil to the functional relation between equivalent feeder capability, plant recovery of nutrient and the output of crops, can be given in optimization total fertilization amount under certain expected volume according to this functional relation, or be given in expected volume under certain total fertilization amount, or be given in the economic fertilization amount under certain working condition.Use this method, needn't survey soil and experiment in cultivation, just can find out the parameter such as equivalent feeder capability, plant recovery of nutrient of soil, this has just avoided at present in the world measuring in the soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology inaccurate, costly, the difficult point that proving period is tediously long provides exactly quantitative guidance because of the brand-new route of soil fertilization.
Theoretical foundation of the present invention is system identification thought.It is in given system, under the situation of the structural parameters of not knowing this system, the output of the system that draws by the input of the known system that is added to with experimental technique, the counter mathematical model parameter of asking the fixed system of giving, and when theory analysis and result of the test do not meet, provide the approach of revising parameter model according to result of the test; Perhaps in system complex to determining initial parameter, set up under the situation of mathematical model, directly create mathematical model by experiment, these are called understands systematicly.Complete system identification process comprises that structure is determined and parameter identification two parts.So-called parameter identification is meant: in the system of given known structure parameter, according to the limited real measured data of input and output,, determine a system according to the criterion of object function minimum, make this system and real system equivalence, Here it is so-called " inverse problem ".The system identification theory has been used widely in fields such as Structural Dynamics, Control Engineerings and has constantly been developed in practice and in theory.The present invention is exactly the theory according to system identification, in conjunction with the identification soil structure fertility state that the concrete characteristics of agricultural production are created, instructs the method for the rational application of fertilizer, has scientific foundation.
Describe the content and the implementation step of the inventive method below in detail:
The most crucial content of the inventive method has one to be applicable to different regions, variety classes soil, the multiple fertilizer that reflects the output of various crops and apply is the unified fertilizer response equation of the functional relation between the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium for example, promptly
Y＝a
1（α
1N+δ
1N
0）+a
2（α
2P+δ
2P
0）
+a
3（α
3K+δ
3K
0）+a
4（α
1N+δ
1N
0）
2
+a
5（α
2P+δ
2P
0）
2+a
6（α
3K+δ
3K
0）
2
+a
7（β
1N+η
1N
0）（β
2P+η
2P
0）
+a
8（β
1N+η
1N
0）（β
3K+η
3K
0）
+ a
9(β
2P+ η
2P
0) (β
3K+ η
3K
0) (first)
Wherein Y is a crop yield, and N, P, K are respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity that applies.It both can be in the chemical fertilizer also can be in the fertilizer.If application of organic fertilizers, common translation method calculates its N-P-K content in the then available agrotechnique.N
0, P
0, K
0Be respectively soil when not applying fertilizer equivalent nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity of crops are provided.So-called equivalent fertility is meant that soil provides, and the soil supplying nutrient capability of the chemical fertilizer amount that provided is provided, and it is not the fertilizer absolute content in the soil, is different from the quick-acting fertilizer content in the fertilizing and determination method yet.α in the formula
i(i=1,2,3 ...) expression fertilizer the Nutrient Absorption rate, the reflection fertilizer nutrient by the degree of crop absorption, δ
i(i=1,2,3 ...) the Nutrient Absorption rate of expression soil equivalent fertility, the nutrient in the reflection soil is by the degree of crop absorption, α
i, δ
iOnly be illustrated in the Nutrient Absorption rate of not considering under the fertilizer interaction situation.In fact fertilising is the comprehensive effect of multielement, must consider the interaction problem, β
i(i=1,2,3 ...) be illustrated in two kinds of Nutrient Absorption rates under the fertilizer interaction, η
i(i=1,2,3 ...) be illustrated in the Nutrient Absorption rate of soil equivalent fertility under the interaction, subscript i=1,2,3 ... represent different nutrient kinds, i=1 represents the nitrogen parameter when only considering three kinds of main fertilizer, and i=2 represents the plain parameter of phosphorus, and i=3 represents the plain parameter of potassium.In use, can increase the number of nutrient element according to actual needs.a
i(i=1,2 ... 9 ...) be coefficient.
The form of the composition of (first) formula is:
The equivalent fertility of certain nutrient element that A absorbs from soil with crops and this kind nutrient element sum (calling the nonreciprocal absorptive amount of this nutrient element in the following text) that from fertilizer, absorbs once multiply by two kinds of independent entrys that output that a coefficient constitutes these crops of expression is subjected to the influence of this nutrient element effect respectively with quadratic expression, promptly as
a
1（α
1N+δ
1N
0），a
4（α
1N+δ
1N
0）
2
Wherein, α
1N represents the nitrogen quantity that crops absorb from fertilizer; δ
1N
0The equivalent nitrogen quantity that the expression crops absorb from soil; (α
1N+ δ
1N
0) the nonreciprocal effect nitrogen amount down of expression crop absorption, equivalent nitrogen that absorbs from soil when promptly not considering interaction and the nitrogen sum that from fertilizer, absorbs; a
1, a
4The expression coefficient.For phosphorus, potassium can the rest may be inferred its implication of expression.
B constitutes with a coefficient the independent entry of the influence of the crop yield product with the mutual absorptive amount of two kinds of nutrient elements using interaction that multiple fertilizer for example represents any two kinds of nutrient elements when nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium, promptly as
a
7(β
1N+ η
1N
0) (β
2P+ η
2P
0) expression nitrogen, phosphorus interaction be to the influence of output, wherein, β
1N is illustrated in the nitrogen quantity that crops absorb under the interaction from fertilizer; η
1N
0Be illustrated in the equivalent nitrogen amount that crops absorb under the interaction from soil; (β
1N+ η
1N
0) be illustrated under the interaction crops to the absorptive amount of nitrogen, according to this as can be known, (β
2P+ η
2P
0), (β
3K+ η
3K
0) represent the plain absorptive amount of phosphorus element, potassium under the interaction respectively; a
7It is coefficient.
The polynomial function that the independent entry that the relation of the output-fertilizing amount of the various crops of C when the plantation of different regions, variety classes soil comprises in all can be by above-mentioned A and B is formed is represented, forms the unified fertilizer response equation that is applicable to certain zone.Every coefficient a in the formula
i(i=1,2,3 ...) when satisfying certain condition constant.A in (first) formula
1～a
9For certain variety of crops of determining is constant, α
i, β
i, δ
i, η
i(i=1,2,3 ...) under given criteria for classification, be constant to this kind crops during the plantation of same class soil.Such as in Fujian Province, a concerning early rice
1～a
9Be constant, and when the kind early rice of mud field a
1～a
9, α
i, β
i, δ
i, η
iIt all is constant.This just makes method of the present invention possess wide suitable region.In fact, as long as satisfied necessary condition, just can set up and be applicable to the whole nation or wider equation, this is the major advantage of the inventive method.
(first) formula of narrating above is being applicable to that certain areas or some crops for example allow during paddy rice to reduce some, and parameter specifically can be got identical absorption ratio with soil equivalent fertility to fertilizer, even α so that equation is simplified more
i=δ
i(i=1,2,3 ...), β
i=η
i(i=1,2,3 ...), the condition of doing like this is that production environment itself can guarantee substantially that the fertilizer that is applied more promptly is uniformly distributed in around the crops, and the less loss of fertilizer, makes crops identical substantially to the absorption ratio of the two.Can be rapidly that carrier is distributed to the field and evenly distributes with water after for example fertilizer applies in the Rice Production, make the seedlings of cereal crops be convenient to absorb.The fertilizer response equation that at this moment following simplification is arranged:
Y＝a
1α
1（N+N
0）+a
2α
2（P+P
0）+a
3α
3（K+K
0）
+a
4α
2 1（N+N
0）
2+a
5α
2 2（P+P
0）
2
+a
6α
2 3（K+K
0）
2+a
7β
1β
2（N+N
0）（P+P
0）
+a
8β
1β
3（N+N
0）（K+K
0）
+ a
9β
2β
3(P+P
0) (K+K
0) (second)
Wherein, Y is a crop yield, and N, P, K are respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity that applies, N
0, P
0, K
0Be respectively soil when not applying fertilizer and offer equivalent nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity of crop, α
i(i=1,2,3 ...) expression Nutrient Absorption rate, β
i(i=1,2,3 ...) representing the Nutrient Absorption rate under the interaction, the subscript i nutrient element with different respectively is corresponding.The form of the composition of (second) formula is:
D supplies with crop with soil certain equivalent nutrient element and this nutrient element sum (calling this nutrient element total amount in the following text) that applies multiply by crops to the absorption ratio gained of this nutrient element long-pending once and quadratic expression, multiply by a coefficient respectively and constitute two kinds of independent entrys that the output of representing these crops is subjected to the influence of this nutrient element effect, promptly as a
1α
1(N+N
0), a
4α
2 1(N+N
0)
2, (N+N wherein
0) the equivalent nitrogen that provides of expression soil and the nitrogen sum that is applied, i.e. nitrogen total amount; α
1Represent the absorption ratio of these crops to nitrogen; a
1, a
4It is coefficient.
E use the interaction of representing any two kinds of nutrient elements when multiple fertilizer for example applies nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium to the independent entry of the influence of crop yield with the product of two kinds of nutrient element total amounts with a mutual absorption ratio that comprises two factors, multiply by coefficient again and constitute, promptly as
a
7β
1β
2(N+N
0) (P+P
0), wherein, (N+N
0) (P+P
0)
Expression nitrogen and two kinds of nutrient elements of phosphorus total amount are long-pending; β
1β
2The mutual absorption ratio of expression crops under nitrogen, two kinds of nutrient elemental interactionses of phosphorus, wherein β
1Expression nitrogen absorption ratio at this moment, β
2Expression phosphorus absorption ratio; a
7It is coefficient.
The polynomial function that the independent entry that the relation of the output-fertilizing amount of the various crops of F when the plantation of different regions, variety classes soil comprises in all can be by above-mentioned D and E is formed is represented, use nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium up to rare nine independent entrys, wherein interaction item has three at least, formation is adapted to the unified fertilizer response equation in certain zone, every coefficient is constant when satisfying certain condition in the formula, in (second) formula, a
1～a
9To certain crops are constants, α
i, β
i(i=1,2,3 ...) be constant when this kind crops are planted in same class soil.(second) formula is simpler than (first) formula, and is more favourable in the process of identification soil, the α in growing environment permission handle (first) formula of crops
iWith δ
i, β
iWith η
iApproximate as under the situation about equating, recommending to adopt with (second) formula is that the method for core is carried out soil identification and optimized fertilising.
According to (first) or (second) formula fertilizing amount-yield datas of crops is carried out naturalization and handle, promptly can determine each parameter value in the formula, set up fertilizer response equation, be optimized the calculating of fertilising.It is as follows that the present invention provides a kind of recognition methods of recommendation:
G launches abbreviation to (second) formula, and fertilizer response equation promptly has another kind of expression-form
Y＝b
0+b
1N+b
2P+b
3K+b
4N
2+b
5P
2+b
6K
2+b
7NP
+ b
8NK+b
9PK ... (the third)
Wherein
b
0＝a
1α
1N
0+a
2α
2P
0+a
3α
3K
0+a
4α
2 1N
2 0
+a
5α
2 2P
2 0+a
6α
2 3K
2 0+a
7β
1β
2N
0P
0
+a
8β
1β
3N
0K
0+a
9β
2β
3P
0K
0
b
1＝a
1α
1+2a
4α
2 1N
0+a
7β
1β
2P
0
+a
8β
1β
3K
0
b
2＝a
2α
2+a
7β
1β
2N
0+2a
5α
2 2P
0
+a
9β
2β
3K
0
b
3＝a
3α
3+a
8β
1β
3N
0+a
9β
2β
3P
0
+2a
6α
2 3K
0
b
4＝a
4α
2 1
b
5＝a
5α
2 2
b
6＝a
6α
2 3
b
7＝a
7β
1β
2
b
8＝a
8β
1β
3
b
9＝a
9β
2β
3
From in form, (second) formula is similar to three factor N, the P, the K fertilizer efficiency equation that have occurred in the world, but comes down to essential distinction.(the third) formula can be derived by (first) formula or (second) formula, but international any three factor fertilizer efficiency equations all can not be derived (first) formula or (second) formula at present, and its reason is b in the three present factor equations
i(i=1,2,3 ...) only occur as simple coefficient, and the b in (third) formula
i(i=1,2,3 ...) be the soil fertility parameter alpha of existing its meaning
i, β
i, δ
i, η
i, a
i, N
O, P
O, K
OFunction.Though b
iOnly occur, but it has still represented certain practical significance as the intermediate parameters in the identification soil fertility parametric procedure.Wherein, b
0Output in the time of can representing not apply fertilizer; b
1, b
2, b
3The growth trend of expression fertilizer effect starting stage; b
4～b
9The curvature degree and the direction of expression fertilizer effect.
H determines N in setting up fertilizer response equation formula process
0, P
0, K
0, a, α, β, δ, η, isoparametric a kind of method be that the creation data (fertilizing amount-output) of planting in different regions, different soils according to certain crops of collecting adopts method of naturalization to obtain each coefficient b in (third) formula earlier
1～b
9, and should satisfy following constraints:
b
7, b
8, b
9All greater than zero.
Wherein, footmark l and u represent the upper and lower limit of nutrient element, b respectively
7, b
8, b
9Nonnegativity to require be to determine that utilization rate of fertilizer is necessary.The upper limit value and lower limit value of various nutrient elements can be by obtaining in known statistics of agricultural and the research data.Obtain b
1～b
9Afterwards, use the thought of parameter identification to identify N again
0, P
0, K
0, a, α, β, δ, each parameter of η, can set up fertilizer response equation.
Use method of the present invention, it is as follows with the concrete steps of optimizing fertilising to carry out soil identification at a kind of specific variety of crops:
J at first will determine to need the territorial scope of identification and the soil type in this scope, determines that according to the general criteria for classifying of agricultural soil types gets final product.Such as the unified paddy rice fertilizer response equation that will set up Fujian Province, need to determine to cover the soil types of the whole province's scope, these data are in fact grasped by agri-scientific research department.
K collects the various soil that comprise among the J and plant the known output of certain crop varieties-fertilizing amount data in actual production, and these data also have statistics can supply to utilize.
L is according to the data among the K, and utilization (first) or (second) or (third) formula are carried out soil parameters identification, determine N
0, P
0, K
0, a, α, β, δ, each parameter of η, set up unified fertilizer response equation in certain zone.
M is after unified equation is set up, can instruct the rational application of fertilizer, the actual production and the fertilizing amount data in varieties of plant, soil types, the past 1 year that are included in given farmland in the J zone are provided and propose expectation by the producer, as desire to ask yield values under certain fertilizing amount, or the fertilizing amount under a kind of yield values, or the economic fertilization amount under specified production capital or the like.
R is according to the fertilizer response equation among the L, and the data among the input M are calculated and can be provided the total fertilizing amount of optimizing fertilising on this piece farmland and the optimal proportion of various fertilizer.
For other key factors that influence crop yield,, also can use method of the present invention and find out each other quantitative relationship as temperature, rainfall (or moisture) etc.In (third) formula, increase b
10T, b
11Ts, b
12Three independent entrys of s just can form the fertilizer response equation that comprises temperature, rainfall (or moisture) two factors, promptly
Y＝b
0+b
1N+b
2P+b
3K+b
4N
2+b
5P
2+b
6K
2+b
7NP+b
8NK
+ b
9PK+b
10T+b
11Ts+b
12S (fourth)
Wherein, t is illustrated in the weighting monthly mean temperature in the crop growth phase, and s represents the weighted mean rainfall (or moisture) in the same period, and weight coefficient is determined according to the statistics rule of the ecosystem characterization of these crops.When setting up fertilizer response equation, to add up the continuous 3 years data of fertilizing amount-output-temperature-rainfall (containing moisture) at least, at this moment, and (first), (second), each absorption ratio α, β, δ, η and t in various, s all has functional relation, promptly
α
i＝f
i（t，s）（i＝1、2、3…）
β
i＝f
i（t，s）（i＝1、2、3…）
δ
i＝G
i（t，s）（i＝1、2、3…）
η
i＝g
i（t，s）（i＝1、2、3…）
After having set up the fertilizer response equation that comprises temperature, rainfall, when instructing the optimization fertilising,, can be exported the data-guiding fertilising accurately as long as can import reliable temperature, rainfall predicted value in the various data in input M.
The Rice Production that exemplary embodiments is Fujian Province of utilization the inventive method.497 early rice that carry out through complete 30 counties, different soils type area, city, 617 late rice demonstration tests, the whole province paddy rice of being set up unify fertilizer efficiency equation calculate output accurately in (error within 30kg for accurate) 96% or more.To the test data check of existing 562 early rice in the whole nation, 543 single cropping rice, calculate the output accuracy rate also more than 96%.Simultaneously, utilization optimization fertilizing amount is compared with local peasant's fertilizing amount, can save nitrogenous fertilizer about 25% for average every mu, 45 kilograms of volume increase paddy.2,000 ten thousand mu of paddy rice in Fujian Province are if there is half to adopt method of the present invention, under the situation that does not increase any investment and recruitment, can increase by 1.5 hundred million yuan of net earnings every year, can also relax chemical fertilizer contradiction in short supply to a certain extent, save the energy resource consumption that is used to make chemical fertilizer.The present invention at home and abroad has broad application prospects, and relates to the innovation and creation of national great economy interests.The detailed experiments situation is referring to annex.
The coefficient of the early rice fertilizer response equation that the whole province that foundation method of the present invention is set up is unified is:
a
1：130.2
a
2：-35.7
a
3：-36.7
a
4：-5.5
a
5：-23.2
a
6：-1.6
a
7：110.8
a
8：32.9
a
9：20.4
It is simple that method of the present invention has method than present fertilizing and determination method both domestic and external, is convenient to promote, with low cost, remarkable benefit, and data are accurate, the advantage of high efficient and reliable, and be verified in practice. After the Mathematical Modeling of having set up the staple crops kinds, can carry out accordingly making rational planning for of proportion of crop planting kind, in order to utilize most effectively the fertility of soil, produce bigger economic benefit.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of soil parameters identification and optimization fertilizing method, it is characterized in that, the method of system identification is applied in soil parameters identification and the optimization fertilising, directly according to the known actual creation data that accumulates in the agricultural production, soil is to the equivalent feeder capability of crops when determining to apply fertilizer or do not apply fertilizer, functional relation between plant recovery of nutrient and the output, be given in optimization total fertilization amount under certain expected volume according to this functional relation, or be given in expected volume under certain total fertilization amount, or be given in economic fertilization amount under certain working condition, said functional relation is to have to be applicable to different regions, variety classes soil, the multiple fertilizer that reflects the output of various crops and apply is nitrogen for example, phosphorus, the unified fertilizer response equation of the functional relation between three kinds of fertilizer quantity of potassium, that is:
Y=a
1(α
1N+δ
1N
0)+a
2(α
2P+δ
2P
0)
+a
3(α
3K+δ
3K
0)+a
4(α
1N+δ
1N
0)
2
+a
5(α
2P+δ
2P
0)
2+a
6(α
3K+δ
3K
0)
2
+a
7(β
1N+η
1N
0)(β
2P+η
2P
0)
+a
8(β
1N+η
1N
0)(β
3K+η
3K
0)
+ a
9(β
2P+ η
2P
0) (β
3K+ η
3K
0) (first)
Wherein Y is a crop yield, and N, P, K are respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity that applies, N
0, P
0, K
0Be respectively soil when not applying fertilizer and offer equivalent nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity of crops, α
i(i=1,2,3 ...) expression fertilizer the Nutrient Absorption rate, δ
i(i=1,2,3 ...) the Nutrient Absorption rate of expression soil equivalent fertility, β
i(i=1,2,3 ...) be illustrated in two kinds of absorption ratiies under the fertilizer interaction, η
i(i=1,2,3 ...) be illustrated in the Nutrient Absorption rate of soil equivalent fertility under the interaction,
(1) once multiply by two kinds of independent entrys that output that a coefficient constitutes these crops of expression is subjected to the influence of this nutrient element effect respectively with what soil offered this kind nutrient element sum (calling the nonreciprocal absorptive amount of this nutrient element in the following text) that equivalent fertility and the fertilizer that applied of certain nutrient element of crops provides with quadratic expression, promptly as:
a
1(α
1N+δ
1N
0)，a
4(α
1N+δ
1N
0)
2
α
1N: the nitrogen quantity that crops absorb from fertilizer,
δ
1N
0: the equivalent nitrogen quantity that crops absorb from soil,
(α
1N+ δ
1N
0) nitrogen amount under the nonreciprocal effect of crop absorption, the nitrogen sum that equivalent nitrogen that soil provides when promptly not considering interaction and fertilizer provide,
a
1, a
4: coefficient,
(2) use the interaction of representing any two kinds of nutrient elements when multiple fertilizer is for example used nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium the independent entry of the influence of the crop yield product with the mutual absorptive amount of two kinds of nutrient elements constituted with a coefficient, promptly as
a
7(β
1N+η
1N
0)(β
2P+η
2P
0)
β
1N: the nitrogen quantity that crops absorb from fertilizer under nitrogen, phosphorus interaction,
η
1N
0: the equivalent nitrogen quantity that crops absorb from soil under nitrogen, phosphorus interaction,
(β
1N+ η
1N
0): under nitrogen, phosphorus interaction crops to the absorptive amount of nitrogen,
a
7: coefficient,
The polynomial function that the independent entry that the relation of (3) output of various crops when the plantation of different regions, variety classes soil--fertilizing amount comprises in all can be by above-mentioned (1) and (2) is formed is represented, formation is applicable to the unified fertilizer response equation in certain zone, every coefficient a in the formula
i(i=1,2,3 ...) when satisfying certain condition constant, a in (first) formula
1A
9To certain variety of crops of determining is constant, α
i, β
i, δ
i, η
i(i=1,2,3 ...) be constant to this kind crops when the plantation of same class soil.
According to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, said fertilizer response equation also has following simplified model:
Y＝a
1α
1（N+N
0）+a
2α
2（P+P
0）+a
3α
3（K+K
0）
+a
4α
2 1（N+N
0）
2+a
5α
2 2（P+P
0）
2
+a
6α
2 3（K+K
0）
2+a
7β
1β
2（N+N
0）（P+P
0）
+a
8β
1β
3（N+N
0）（K+K
0）
+ a
9β
2β
3(P+P
0) (K+K
0) (second)
Wherein, Y is a crop yield, and N, P, K are respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity that applies, N
0, P
0, K
0Be respectively soil when not applying fertilizer and offer equivalent nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity of crops, α
i(i=1,2,3 ...) expression nutrient absorbing rate, β
i(i=1,2,3 ...) be illustrated in the Nutrient Absorption rate under being alternately,
(1) with soil certain equivalent nutrient element that offers crops and this nutrient element sum (calling this nutrient element total amount in the following text) that is applied multiply by crops to the absorption ratio gained of this nutrient element long-pending once and quadratic expression, multiply by a coefficient respectively and constitute two kinds of independent entrys that the output of representing these crops is subjected to the influence of this nutrient element effect
Promptly as: a
1α
1(N+N
0), a
4α
2 1(N+N
0)
2
(N+N
0): the equivalent nitrogen that soil provides and the nitrogen sum that is applied, i.e. nitrogen total amount,
α
1: these crops are to the absorption ratio of nitrogen,
a
1, a
4: coefficient.
(2) use the interaction of representing any two kinds of nutrient elements when multiple fertilizer is for example used nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium the independent entry of the influence of crop yield be multiply by a mutual absorption ratio that comprises two factors with two kinds of nutrient element total amount sums, multiply by coefficient again and constitute, promptly as
a
7β
1β
2（N+N
0）（P+P
0）
(N+N
0) (P+P
0): nitrogen and two kinds of nutrient elements of phosphorus total amount are long-pending,
β
1β
2: the mutual absorption ratio of crops under nitrogen, two kinds of nutrient elemental interactionses of phosphorus, wherein β
1Expression nitrogen absorption ratio at this moment, β
2Expression phosphorus absorption ratio,
a
7: coefficient,
The relation of (3) output of various crops when the plantation of different regions, variety classes soil--fertilizing amount all can be by above-mentioned 2(1) and 2(2) in the polynomial function formed of the independent entry that comprises represent, formation is applicable to the unified fertilizer response equation in certain zone, every coefficient is constant when satisfying certain condition in the formula, in (second) formula, a
1～a
9To certain crops are constants, α
i, β
i(i=1,2,3 ...) be constant to this kind crops when the plantation of same class soil.
3, according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that,
(1) (second) formula has another kind of expression-form, that is:
Y＝b
0+b
1N+b
2P+b
3K+b
4N
2+b
5P
2+b
6P
2+b
7NP
+ b
8NK+b
9PK (third)
Wherein
b
0＝a
1α
1N
0+a
2α
2P
0+a
3α
3K
0+a
4α
2 1N
2 0
+a
5α
2 2P
2 0+a
6α
2 3K
2 0+a
7β
1β
2N
0P
0
+a
8β
1β
3N
0K
0+a
9β
2β
3P
0K
0
b
1＝a
1α
1+2a
4α
2 1N
0+a
7β
1β
2P
0
+a
8β
1β
3K
0
b
2＝a
2α
2+a
7β
1β
2N
0+2a
5α
2 2P
0
+a
9β
2β
3K
0
b
3＝a
3α
3+a
3β
1β
3N
0+a
9β
2β
3P
0
+2a
6α
2 3K
0
b
4＝a
4α
2 1
b
5＝a
5α
2 2
b
6＝a
6α
2 3
b
7＝a
7β
1β
2
b
8＝a
8β
1β
3
b
9＝a
9β
2β
3
(the third) b in the formula
0Output in the time of can representing not apply fertilizer, b
1, b
2, b
3The growth trend of expression fertilizer effect starting stage, b
4B
9The curvature equation and the direction of expression fertilizer effect.
(2) in setting up fertilizer response equation formula process, determine N
0, P
0, K
0, a, α, β, δ, the isoparametric a kind of method of η be, earlier according to certain crop of collecting in different regions, the creation data (fertilizing amount-output) of different soils plantation, adopt planing method to ask each parameter b in (third) formula
1B
9, and should satisfy following constraints:
b
7, b
8, b
9All greater than zero,
Wherein, footmark 1 and u represent the upper and lower limit of nutrient element respectively, obtain b
1, b
9Afterwards, use the method for parameter identification to identify N again
0, P
0, K
0, a, α, β, δ, each parameter of η, set up fertilizer response equation.
4, according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that,
(1) in (third) formula, increases b
10T, b
11Ts, b
12Three formation of S comprise the fertilizer response equation of temperature, rainfall (or moisture) two factors, promptly
Y＝b
0+b
1N+b
2P+b
3K+b
4N
2+b
5P
2+b
6K
2+b
7NP+b
8NK
+ b
9PK+b
10T+b
11Ts+b
12S (fourth)
Wherein, t is illustrated in the weighting monthly mean temperature in the crop growth phase, and s represents the weighting monthly average rainfall in the same period, and weight coefficient is definite according to the statistical law of the ecosystem characterization of these crops,
(2) (first), (second), (third) each absorption ratio α, β, δ, η and the t in various, s has functional relation, promptly
α
i＝f
i（t，s）（i＝1、2、3…）
β
i＝f
i（t，s）（i＝1、2、3…）
δ
i＝f
i（t，s）（i＝1、2、3…）
η
i＝f
i（t，s）（i＝1、2、3…）
(3) to add up continuous 3 years t at least, the s data.
According to one of them described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that 5, the coefficient of the early rice fertilizer response equation that Fujian Province is unified is:
a
1：130.2
a
2：-35.7
a
3：-36.7
a
4：-5.5
a
5：-23.2
a
6：-1.6
a
7：110.8
a
8：32.9
a
9：20.4
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86108727 CN1010544B (en) | 1986-12-30 | 1986-12-30 | Determination of soil fertility and optimization for manure-applying |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86108727 CN1010544B (en) | 1986-12-30 | 1986-12-30 | Determination of soil fertility and optimization for manure-applying |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1032724A CN1032724A (en) | 1989-05-10 |
| CN1010544B true CN1010544B (en) | 1990-11-28 |
Family
ID=4804030
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86108727 Expired CN1010544B (en) | 1986-12-30 | 1986-12-30 | Determination of soil fertility and optimization for manure-applying |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1010544B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1051436C (en) * | 1993-02-15 | 2000-04-19 | 于在平 | Fertilizing and determination method for taking account of crops and soil |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100413396C (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2008-08-27 | 东北农业大学 | Optimized technique of fertilization of lagging nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice in cold farmland |
| CN101339183B (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for determining dry land optimum phosphorus application amount |
| CN103636417B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-02-04 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for determining rice field nitrogen fertilizer applying amount |
| CN104285574B (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-06-08 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A kind of farmland nitrogen drops into the computational methods of threshold value |
| WO2019111527A1 (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-13 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | Fertilization designing method and fertilization designing device |
| CN107926252A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of greenhouse tomato liquid manure fertilizing method |
| CN109076757B (en) * | 2018-07-14 | 2021-01-01 | 广西师范学院 | Quantitative nitrogen application method based on soil quick-acting nitrogen/quick-acting phosphorus |
| CN109005833B (en) * | 2018-07-14 | 2021-02-23 | 广西师范学院 | Quantitative fertilization method based on nutrient conversion rate |
| CN109168519B (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2021-09-07 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Annual fertilization method for adult plum trees |
-
1986
- 1986-12-30 CN CN 86108727 patent/CN1010544B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1051436C (en) * | 1993-02-15 | 2000-04-19 | 于在平 | Fertilizing and determination method for taking account of crops and soil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1032724A (en) | 1989-05-10 |
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