CN1489887A - Intelligent tool for directing scientific fertilization - Google Patents

Intelligent tool for directing scientific fertilization Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1489887A
CN1489887A CNA031538150A CN03153815A CN1489887A CN 1489887 A CN1489887 A CN 1489887A CN A031538150 A CNA031538150 A CN A031538150A CN 03153815 A CN03153815 A CN 03153815A CN 1489887 A CN1489887 A CN 1489887A
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nutrient
plot
fertilizer
flow rate
unit
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CN1250067C (en
Inventor
张维理
李志宏
徐爱国
岳现录
周湧
刘宏斌
张认连
雷秋良
张云贵
武淑霞
龙怀玉
冀宏杰
张怀志
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SOIL AND FERTILIZER INST CHINE
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SOIL AND FERTILIZER INST CHINE
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Abstract

An intelligent tool for guiding the scientific application of fertilizer is composed of an input device for recording the different parameters for different field blocks in a field area, a storage unit for storing the operating program and the parameters independent to the field blocks in a field area, an operating and controlling unit for calculating the balanced values of N, P and K in unit area and determining the recommended values of N, P and K nutrients and an output device for outputting said recommended values.

Description

The intelligence tool that a kind of guidance applies fertilizers scientifically
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of calculation element, especially by importing the computational tool that certain calculation of parameter goes out the science fertilizing amount.
" a kind of method that the crop fertilization amount is recommended " that device of the present invention has adopted the applicant to apply on the same day.
Background technology:
At present, the main method that the crop fertilization amount is recommended has:
1. experience fertilization method: be exactly that the peasant determines fertilising quantity according to the experience of oneself, this method weak point is not consider factors such as the basic condition of soil and crop fertilizer requirement, causes the consequence that fertilising is excessive or fertilising is not enough easily.
2. soil fertility index method:,, determine corresponding grading range value with biological relative indicatrix verification available nutrient of soil fertility index according to the available nutrient of soil of measuring.Simultaneously, the fertilizing amount test is set on the piece of the field of Different Nutrients fertility index, calculates fertilizing amount and fertilizer formula according to fertilizer response function.At present, be difficult to use this method in China's agricultural production practice, main cause is: the price that (1) soil sample is measured is higher.Each each sample is measured 150～200 yuan of expenses, and this expense accounts for 1/10 of per capita income of rural residents, and the peasant is difficult to bear.(2) the native services sites of survey is few.The whole nation only has the clay fertilizer station, county (city) of minority to carry out this business, and most counties (city) can not carry out this business owing to reasons such as funds, personnel, place, instrument and equipments in the clay fertilizer station.(3) soil sample is measured consuming time longer.Generally speaking, carry out the determination and analysis of conventional nutrition nutrient project, need 7-10 days, can not in time provide service for peasant household's decision.
3. target output method of completing the square: this method basic principle is to calculate fertilizing amount according to the difference of crop target output needs nutrient quantity and soil supply.Be formulated as:
This season availability of nutrient in the reasonable volume of certain nutrient element=(season crop nutrient gross absorption-soil nutrient part supply)/fertilizer
In the formula: one season crop nutrient gross absorption=biological yield * certain nutrient average content in plant;
The soil nutrient supply is calculated by the soil nutrient content of measuring;
This season availability of nutrient is calculated according to field test results and is got in the fertilizer.
This method need be measured soil nutrient equally, and the price that exists soil sample to measure equally is higher, the native services sites of survey is few, soil sample is measured deficiencies such as length consuming time.
4. field trial method of completing the square: by single-factor or multiple-factor design multiple spot field trial, select optimization formula, determine the amount of application of fertilizer.Long, professional technique content height of the method test period generally only is used for scientific research, is difficult for applying.In addition, the prescription that is obtained can only be applicable to a certain specific crop, and is then inapplicable to other crop.
5. nutrient diagnosis method: crop is the nutrient content difference in the body in different bearing stage, need to judge whether fertilising by rich the lacking of diagnosing certain nutrient content.Nutrient diagnosis method need be measured the nutrient content at a certain position of plant, also has unfavorable factors such as the test sample website is few, cost height, on the other hand, often wait until plant show lack nutrient after, just take to remedy measures of fertilizer.
In addition, Chinese granted patent CN1010544B discloses a kind of fertilizing method, needs to set up fertilizer response equation in the method, thereby makes this method too complicated, and common peasant household is difficult to this method is used for production practices.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide the intelligence tool that a kind of guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, this instrument has adopted a kind of brand-new fertilising recommend method, need according to the deficiencies of measuring such as soil nutrient content, nutrient content in plant and experience fertilising thereby overcome in the existing method, reach convenient, fast, scientifically crop carried out the fertilizing amount recommendation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The intelligence tool that guidance applies fertilizers scientifically comprises:
One input equipment is used to be logged in the different and plot parameter that differs greatly in internal cause plot, a region, is included in crop title, the custom of the fertilizer on the unit are of the described plot consumption of plan plantation on the plot;
One memory device is used to store operation program and a region internal cause plot difference and the little non-plot parameter of difference comprises the crop title, hundred kilograms of economic flow rate nutrients (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand, fertilizer title, each fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) content; Nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) equilibrium valve scope and corresponding nutrient (N, P thereof 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption;
One s operation control equipment is used for according to described plot parameter and non-plot parameter, uses the nutrient recommendation consumption that operation program calculates described plot plan kind of plant;
One output equipment is used to export the nutrient recommendation consumption that described s operation control equipment draws.
The operation program that described s operation control equipment adopts may further comprise the steps successively:
1, determine plan kind of plant target output on the unit are on the described plot:
The method of determining target output has multiple, can also can determine a reasonable target output according to the history plantation situation in plot, the factors such as overall state of region, place by the user by rule of thumb by the target output of input equipment input plan kind of plant.
2, calculate the crop nutrition content demand of based target output:
Crop nutrition content (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand=target output * hundred kilogram economic flow rate nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) amount demand * 0.01.
By this formula, can be with nutrient N, P under the target output 2O 5, K 2The demand of O is calculated.
3, fertilizer nutrient custom input amount:
Fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) custom input amount=fertilizer custom consumption * fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) content, its value is N, P when using multiple fertilizer 2O 5Or K 2Value after O adds up respectively.
4, calculate nutrient balance:
Nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) equilibrium valve=fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) custom input amount-crop nutrition content (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand.
5, determine the farmland nutrient recommended amounts:
According to the nutrient balance value, determine farmland nutrient recommendation consumption.A typical mode is to set up a nutrient to recommend to use scale, recommends to obtain nutrient with scale according to this nutrient and recommends consumption, that is:
Nutrient N equilibrium valve drops on pairing nutrient N recommendation consumption in the N equilibrium valve scope delegation, is unit are nutrient N and recommends consumption;
Nutrient P 2O 5Equilibrium valve drops on P 2O 5Pairing nutrient P in the equilibrium valve scope delegation 2O 5Recommend consumption, be unit are nutrient P 2O 5Recommend consumption;
Nutrient K 2The O equilibrium valve drops on K 2Pairing nutrient K in the O equilibrium valve scope delegation 2O recommends consumption, is unit are nutrient K 2O recommends consumption.
That is:
Unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption=meet nutrient (N, the P of equilibrium valve scope 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption.
Nutrient is recommended to use scale, has set up the nutrient balance value scope and the corresponding nutrient of Different Crop and has recommended one-to-one relationship between the consumption, determines that according to the scope at equilibrium valve place the nutrient of correspondence is recommended consumption.It is by a plurality of plot of an agricultural region Different Crop being investigated the back and being analyzed, calculate and determine that nutrient is recommended with the equilibrium valve scope in the scale; Simultaneously its yield level and Fertilization Level are analyzed comparison, get the nutrient reasonable volume in the different equilibrium valve scopes under the yield higher level.The format sample of a typical nutrient consumption recommendation tables is as follows:
The crop title Nutrient N equilibrium valve scope Nutrient N recommends consumption Nutrient P 2O 5The equilibrium valve scope Nutrient P 2O 5Recommend consumption Nutrient K 2O equilibrium valve scope Nutrient K 2O recommends consumption
Chinese cabbage ????＜-8 ????18 ????＜-10 ????9 ????＜-15 ????12
Chinese cabbage ????-8～0 ????21 ????-10～-4 ????10.5 ????-15～0 ????14
Chinese cabbage ????0～20 ????24 ????-4～8 ????12 ????0～14 ????16
Chinese cabbage ????20～50 ????27 ????8～30 ????13.5 ????14～36 ????18
Chinese cabbage ????＞50 ????30 ????＞30 ????15 ????＞36 ????20
Tomato ????＜-15 ????14.5 ????＜-8 ????7 ????＜-12 ????10
??...... ????...... ????...... ????...... ????...... ????...... ????......
Certainly, the just nutrient balance value that will use in the operation program and the corresponding relation between the recommendation consumption, this corresponding relation also has other the form of expression in form, is not limited to aforesaid form.
Quality index units such as the output that relates in this specification, consumption are kilogram, and square measure is mu, and mass unit is a kilogram, and quality, area mixing unit are: kilogram/mu.
Peasant household imports the plot parameter by input equipment, s operation control equipment is according to the plot parameter of input, call the non-plot parameter of memory device, stores simultaneously, calculate unit are plot nutrient budget equilibrium valve, again according to this equilibrium valve, draw corresponding nutrient and recommend consumption, and the result is exported by output equipment.
Operation program prioritization scheme one:
In the intelligence tool that above-mentioned guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, described plot parameter also comprises the unit are custom economic flow rate of plan kind of plant in this plot; Described non-plot parameter comprises that also plan kind of plant is at the unit are minimum economic output of this region, place, plot, average economic flow rate, maximum economic yield.
Custom economic flow rate: refer to a common economic flow rate of a kind of crop in plot.
Minimum economic output, average economic flow rate, maximum economic yield: the mean value that refers to the corresponding output of certain crop in the interior region of nearly 2-3.
Determine in the operation program in the operation program of described memory device, stores that target output is to carry out in accordance with the following methods according to described parameter:
A. when " custom economic flow rate＜(minimum economic output+average economic flow rate) ÷ 2 ":
Target output=(minimum economic output+average economic flow rate) ÷ 2
B. when " (minimum economic output+average economic flow rate) ÷ 2≤custom economic flow rate＜(on average economic flow rate+maximum economic yield) ÷ 2 ":
Target output=(average economic flow rate+maximum economic yield) ÷ 2
C. when " custom economic flow rate 〉=(average economic flow rate+maximum economic yield) ÷ 2 ":
Target output=maximum economic yield * 1.15
D. when " custom economic flow rate 〉=maximum economic yield * 1.15 ":
Target output=custom economic flow rate
Meaning: target output is divided into four grades, can reflect substantially under force level differently can output economic flow rate, satisfy the requirement that fertilising is recommended.
Operation program prioritization scheme two:
In the intelligence tool that above-mentioned guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, consider when preceding stubble fertilising is excessive the also influential effect of plant growth, and can reflect by equilibrium valve, therefore, in order to make recommendation results more reasonable, can also add batch nutrient surplus of going forward in the equilibrium valve computing formula in the operation program of described memory device, stores can be for nutrient (N, the P of this season crop absorption 2O 5, K 2O) amount.At this moment, described plot parameter also comprises: fertilizer, preceding crop unit are fertilizer amount that preceding crop name, preceding crop unit are economic flow rate, preceding stubble are used, described non-plot parameter also comprises: preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) surplus can supply this season crop utilization coefficient; Calculation procedure is as follows:
Preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) nutrient (N, P in output=preceding crop unit are economic flow rate * hundred kilograms economic flow rate 2O 5, K 2O) content * 0.01
Preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) input=preceding crop unit are fertilizer amount * fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) content.Gather for its nutrient during multiple fertilizer.
Preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) effectively surplus=[preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) drop into-preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) output] * preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) surplus can supply this season crop utilization coefficient.This value got 0 less than 0 o'clock.
Described nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) equilibrium valve=fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) custom input amount+preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) effective surplus-crop nutrition content (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand
Operation program prioritization scheme three:
In the intelligence tool that above-mentioned guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, consider that nutrient is to the also influential effect of plant growth in the irrigation water, and can reflect by equilibrium valve, therefore, in order to make recommendation results more reasonable, can also add irrigation water nutrient (N, P in the equilibrium valve computing formula in the operation program of described memory device, stores 2O 5, K 2O) amount.At this moment, described plot parameter also comprises: the unit are duty; Described non-plot parameter also comprises: middle nutrient (N, P pour water 2O 5, K 2O) content, wherein, owing to generally do not have in the irrigation water or contain K hardly 2So O is nutrient K in pouring water 2O contains measures 0; Formula is:
Irrigation water nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) amount=unit are duty * middle nutrient (N, P pour water 2O 5, K 2O) content.
Described nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) equilibrium valve=fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) custom input amount+irrigation water nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) amount-crop nutrition content (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand
Operation program prioritization scheme four:
In the intelligence tool that above-mentioned guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, consider that vegetable crop is different in different Nutrient Absorption availability meetings planting season, can have influence on unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption, more become rationally for making recommendation results, described plot parameter also comprises: planting season (only to the greengrocery crop); This comprises plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient planting season (only to the greengrocery crop) described non-plot parameter; Unit are nutrient (N, P in the operation program of described memory device, stores 2O 5, K 2O) recommend the consumption computing formula to be:
Described unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption=meet nutrient (N, the P of equilibrium valve scope 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption * planting season plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient.
Operation program prioritization scheme five:
In the intelligence tool that above-mentioned guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, consider the plant recovery of nutrient difference of different soils quality, can have influence on unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption, more reasonable in order to make recommendation results, described plot parameter also comprises the soil texture; Described non-plot parameter also comprises soil texture plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient; Unit are nutrient (N, P in the operation program in the operation program of described memory device, stores 2O 5, K 2O) recommend the consumption computing formula to be:
Described unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption=meet nutrient (N, the P of equilibrium valve scope 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption * soil texture plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient.
Operation program prioritization scheme six:
In the intelligence tool that above-mentioned guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, consider that the different soils fertility is to unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) influence of recommendation consumption, more reasonable in order to make recommendation results, described plot parameter also comprises soil fertility; Described non-plot parameter also comprises soil fertility plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient; Unit are nutrient (N, P in the operation program of described memory device, stores 2O 5, K 2O) recommend the consumption computing formula to be:
Described unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption=meet nutrient (N, the P of equilibrium valve scope 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption * soil fertility plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient.
The intelligence tool that above-mentioned guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, described input equipment can be PC QWERTY keyboard or touch soft keyboard.
The intelligence tool that above-mentioned guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, described input equipment and output equipment can adopt same screen, writing pencil touch screen mode is adopted in input, the viewing area is above screen, and the soft keyboard input area is below screen, when the result shows, only show the output result at screen display area, also can soft keyboard be turned off, make whole screen become output display screen, thereby farthest in a screen, export more information by the final election function key.Input equipment also can separate with display device.
The intelligence tool that above-mentioned guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, but described storage device can also be the storage card (as CF card etc.) of plug, because the agriculture parameter relevant with fertilising has region, leave the parameter of different regions in different dial on the slotting storage card, when recommendation is applied fertilizer in the farmland under the different regions, use different storage cards.
The intelligence tool that guidance of the present invention applies fertilizers scientifically, the various parameters that will use in the operation program all are known, and in these numerical value, the plot parameter does not need to do examination (reality) to be tested, and the peasant can intuitively obtain by oneself planting the plot; Non-plot parameter is to test acquisition by the research of agricultural science examination (reality) of various places, and nutrient is recommended can obtain by the investigation and analysis to the plot with the equilibrium valve in the scale and its corresponding nutrient recommended amounts.Even above-mentioned parameter is in certain special region, certain unknown parameters wherein also can draw by simple assay or the field trial under the existence conditions, and therefore, method of the present invention can be implemented fully.
The operation principle of the intelligence tool that guidance of the present invention applies fertilizers scientifically is: (1) sends instructions to s operation control equipment by input equipment, s operation control equipment can move the operation program that is stored in the memory device, and in display device, demonstrate plot parameter inputting interface, (2) by input equipment the plot parameter is imported, be sent in the s operation control equipment; (3) s operation control equipment calls relevant non-plot parameter and carries out computing from storage device, calculates the result; (4) output equipment is exported the result, comes out by interface display, also can connect printing apparatus the result is printed, and also can be saved in the storage device, checks later on or exports.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
The intelligence tool that guidance of the present invention applies fertilizers scientifically has adopted a kind of operation program of balance fertilizing, solved blindly problem of fertilization of peasant, also overcome simultaneously unfavorable factor influence fertilising decision-making difficult problems such as the cost height that soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, the fertilising of plant diagnostic techniques exist, hysteresis quality, realized fast, rational application of fertilizer decision-making purpose.The peasant uses intelligence tool of the present invention, or the field, can know the nutrient reasonable volume of the farmland Different Crop of planting easily at home.
Embodiment:
The intelligence tool that guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, the hardware of employing are that the model that Compaq Computer Corp. produces is iPAQ3600 portable computer (PDA); Its screen is an input-output equipment, and screen the first half can point out the user to import the plot parameter, and can show result of calculation, and the latter half can be imported the plot parameter with writing pencil; This model PDA inside carries hard disk as storage device, and non-plot parameter leaves in wherein by SQL Sever database file; CPU is a s operation control equipment, and operation program leaves in the hard disk by the C language development under the Pocket PC system, and passes through the operation of CPU control program.
Peasant household imports the plot parameter by input equipment, s operation control equipment adopts operation program, relevant non-plot parameter according to this region of parameter call, plot of importing, calculate unit are plot nutrient budget equilibrium valve, according to this equilibrium valve, nutrient balance value in the parameter of non-plot and nutrient are recommended to find in the consumption table of comparisons corresponding nutrient and are recommended consumption, and by output equipment the result are presented on the screen;
The intelligence tool that guidance applies fertilizers scientifically, the computing flow process is as follows:
1. send instructions to s operation control equipment by input equipment, s operation control equipment can move this program, and demonstrates the plot information input interface in display device;
2. by input equipment the ground block message is imported, be sent in the s operation control equipment;
3. the method for being recommended according to this balance fertilizing by s operation control equipment is called relevant parameter and is carried out computing from storage device, calculates the result;
4. the result is sent on demonstration, the output equipment, shows, also can connect PRN device the result is printed, also can be saved in the storage device, check later on or export by the interface face.
Be example with one concrete plot, Yunnan Province city village below, intending kind of a plant is Chinese cabbage.According to the inventive method recommendation of applying fertilizer.Square measure is a mu, and unit of weight is a kilogram.
In the present embodiment, peasant household comprises by the plot parameter of input equipment input: make name, custom economic flow rate, planting season; The fertilizer name that custom is used, unit are fertilizer custom consumption; The unit are duty; The soil texture; Soil fertility: fertilizer name and preceding crop unit are fertilizer amount that preceding crop name, preceding crop unit are economic flow rate, preceding stubble are used;
The non-plot parameter of memory device, stores comprises:
1. crop class parameter comprises: the crop title; The average economic flow rate of unit are, unit are minimum economic output, unit are maximum economic yield; Hundred kilograms of economic flow rate nutrients (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand; Nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) the equilibrium valve scope, meet nutrient (N, the P of equilibrium valve scope 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption;
2. the fertilizer parameter comprises: fertilizer name, fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) content; Preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) surplus can supply this season crop utilization coefficient;
3. middle nutrient (N, P pour water 2O 5) content;
4. correction coefficient comprises: soil texture plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient; Soil fertility plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient; Planting season the plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient.
The numerical value of each parameter is shown in the following table.
The plot parameter:
Make name Chinese cabbage
Planting season Winter-spring season
The unit are economic flow rate ?????????????????????6500
The unit are duty ?????????????????????160000
Soil fertility In
The soil texture Chiltern
The fertilizer name Pig manure General calcium Urea Potassium nitrate
Unit are chemical fertilizer custom consumption ??80 ??80 ??60
The unit are organic manure application rate ??4000
A last season is made name Celery
Last one season crop unit are economic flow rate ?????????????????????6000
The fertilizer name that a last season uses General calcium Diammonium phosphate Potassium chloride
Last one season crop unit are fertilizer amount ????40 ??100 ??100
The non-plot parameter of memory device, stores is as follows:
The crop parameter:
The crop title Chinese cabbage Celery
The average economic flow rate of unit are ??4000 ?6000
Unit are minimum economic output ??1089 ?3980
The unit are maximum economic yield ??5680 ?8560
Hundred kilograms of required nutrient N amounts of economic flow rate ??0.182 ?0.554
Hundred kilograms of required nutrient P of economic flow rate 2O 5Amount ??0.081 ?0.403
Hundred kilograms of required nutrient K2O amounts of economic flow rate ??0.372 ?0.216
The fertilizer parameter:
The fertilizer name Pig manure General calcium Urea Potassium nitrate Diammonium phosphate Potassium chloride
Fertilizer nutrient N content 0.0055 0.46 0.13 0.18
Fertilizer nutrient P 2O 5Content 0.0054 0.15 0.46
Fertilizer nutrient K 2O content 0.0035 0.46 0.55
Fertilizer this season availability 0.33
A last season nutrient N surplus can supply this season crop utilization coefficient ??????????????????????????????0.2
A last season nutrient P 2O 5Surplus can supply this season crop absorption coefficient ??????????????????????????????0.35
A last season nutrient K 2The O surplus can supply this season crop utilization coefficient ??????????????????????????????0.5
Irrigation water nutrient content parameter:
The per kilogram middle nutrient N content of pouring water The per kilogram middle nutrient P2O5 content of pouring water The per kilogram middle nutrient K2O content of pouring water
?????0.0000019 ????????0.00000057 ????????????0
Nutrient recommends to use scale:
The crop title N equilibrium valve scope Nutrient N recommends consumption ?P 2O 5The equilibrium valve scope ?P 2O 5Recommend consumption ?K 2O equilibrium valve scope Nutrient K 2O recommends consumption
Chinese cabbage ????＜-8 ???18 ????＜-10 ????9 ????＜-15 ????12
Chinese cabbage ????-8～0 ???21 ????-10～-4 ????10.5 ????-15～0 ????14
Chinese cabbage ????0～20 ???24 ????-4～8 ????12 ????0～14 ????16
Chinese cabbage ????20～50 ???27 ????8～30 ????13.5 ????14～36 ????18
Chinese cabbage ????＞50 ???30 ????＞30 ????15 ????＞36 ????20
Tomato ????＜-15 ???14.5 ????＜-8 ????7 ????＜-12 ????10
??...... ????...... ???...... ????...... ????...... ????...... ????......
Correction coefficient:
The soil texture Loamy texture Chiltern Cement
Soil texture plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient ????1 ????0.9 ????1.1
Soil fertility High In Low
Soil fertility plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient ????0.85 ????1 ????1.15
Planting season The Winter-Spring Xia Qiu
Planting season the plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient ????1.15 ????1
S operation control equipment unit of account area nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend the process of consumption as follows, used relevant parameter is all from aforementioned each table.
1. determine target output: the plan kind plant by the input equipment input is a Chinese cabbage, the unit are economic flow rate is 6500, satisfy " unit are economic flow rate 〉=(the average economic flow rate of unit are+unit are maximum economic yield) ÷ 2 ", i.e. 6500 〉=(4000+5680) ÷ 2=4840, so, target output=5680 * 1.15=6532:
2. calculate the crop nutrition content demand of based target output:
Crop nutrition content N demand=6532 * 0.182 * 0.01=11.89
Crop nutrition content P 2O 5Demand=6532 * 0.081 * 0.01=5.30
Crop nutrition content K 2O demand=6532 * 0.372 * 0.01=24.30
3. calculate fertilizer nutrient custom input amount:
General calcium nutrient P 2O 5Custom input amount=80 * 0.15=12
Urea nutrient N is accustomed to input amount=80 * 0.46=36.8
Potassium nitrate nutrient N is accustomed to input amount=60 * 0.13=7.8
Potassium nitrate nutrient K 2O is accustomed to input amount=60 * 0.46=27.6
Pig manure nutrient N is accustomed to input amount=4000 * 0.0055 * 0.33=7.26
Pig manure nutrient P 2O 5Custom input amount=4000 * 0.0054 * 0.33=7.13
Pig manure nutrient K 2O is accustomed to input amount=4000 * 0.0035 * 0.33=4.62
Fertilizer nutrient N custom input amount=urea nutrient N custom input amount+potassium nitrate nutrient N custom input amount+pig manure nutrient N is accustomed to input amount=36.8+7.8+7.26=51.86
Fertilizer nutrient P 2O 5Custom input amount=general calcium nutrient P 2O 5Custom input amount+pig manure nutrient P 2O 5Custom input amount=12+7.13=19.13
Fertilizer nutrient K 2O is accustomed to input amount=potassium nitrate nutrient K 2O is accustomed to input amount+pig manure nutrient K 2O is accustomed to input amount=27.6+4.62=32.22
4. the surplus of stubble nutrient can be for the amount of nutrients of this season crop absorption before calculating
Preceding stubble nutrient N output=6000 * 0.554 * 0.01=33.24
Preceding stubble nutrient P 2O 5Output=6000 * 0.403 * 0.01=24.18
Preceding stubble nutrient K 2O output=6000 * 0.216 * 0.01=12.96
The general calcium of preceding stubble divides P 2O 5Drop into=40 * 0.15=6
A preceding stubble diammonium phosphate nutrient N drops into=100 * 0.18=18
Preceding stubble diammonium phosphate nutrient P 2O 5Drop into=100 * 0.46=46
Preceding stubble potassium chloride nutrient K 2O drops into=100 * 0.55=55
Before a stubble nutrient N always drop into=18
Preceding stubble nutrient P 2O 5Total input=6+46=52
Preceding stubble nutrient K 2O always drops into=and 55
Before the stubble nutrient surplus nutrient N amount that can absorb for this season crop=(18-33.24) * 0.2＜0, be so get its value: the nutrient N amount=0 that the surplus of preceding stubble nutrient can absorb for this season crop
The surplus of preceding stubble nutrient can be for the nutrient P of this season crop absorption 2O 5Amount=(52-24.18) * 0.35=9.737
The surplus of preceding stubble nutrient can be for the nutrient K of this season crop absorption 2The O amount=(55-12.96) * 0.5=21.02
5. calculate the irrigation water amount of nutrients:
Irrigation water nutrient N measures=160000 * 0.0000019=0.304
Irrigation water nutrient P 2O 5Amount=160000 * 0.00000057=0.0912
Irrigation water nutrient K 2O measures=160000 * 0=0
6. determine soil texture coefficient: the soil texture is a chiltern, plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient=0.9 of the pairing soil texture
7. determine the soil fertility coefficient: during soil fertility is, plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient=1 of pairing soil fertility
8. determine coefficient planting season: be winter-spring season planting season, plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient=1.15 of pairing planting season
9. calculated equilibrium values
N equilibrium valve=51.86+0+0.304-11.89=40.27
P 2O 5Equilibrium valve=19.13+9.737+0.0912-5.30=23.66
K 2O equilibrium valve=32.22+21.02+0-24.30=28.94
10. unit of account area nutrient (N, P2O5, K2O) is recommended consumption:
According to nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K2O) equilibrium valve, nutrient (N, the P of contrast crop parameter 2O 5, K 2O) the equilibrium valve scope, meet nutrient (N, the P of equilibrium valve scope 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption, draw:
Unit are nutrient N recommends consumption=27 * 0.9 * 1 * 1.15=28.0
Unit are nutrient P 2O 5Recommend consumption=13.5 * 0.9 * 1 * 1.15=14.0
Unit are nutrient K 2O recommends consumption=18 * 0.9 * 1 * 1.15=18.6.

Claims (10)

1. intelligence tool that guidance applies fertilizers scientifically comprises:
One input equipment is used to be logged in the different and plot parameter that differs greatly in internal cause plot, a region, is included in crop title, the custom of the fertilizer on the unit are of the described plot consumption of plan plantation on the plot;
One memory device is used to store operation program and a region internal cause plot difference and the little non-plot parameter of difference comprises the crop title, hundred kilograms of economic flow rate nutrients (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand, fertilizer title, each fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) content; Nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) equilibrium valve scope and corresponding nutrient (N, P thereof 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption;
One s operation control equipment is used for according to described plot parameter and non-plot parameter, and the operation program that calls described memory device, stores calculates the unit are nutrient recommendation consumption of described plot plan kind of plant;
One output equipment is used to export the nutrient recommendation consumption that described s operation control equipment draws;
The operation program of described memory device, stores may further comprise the steps successively:
(1) determine plan kind of plant target output on the unit are on the described plot:
Target output can be imported by input equipment by the user, also can import certain parameter and calculate target output by operation program;
(2) the crop nutrition content demand of calculating based target output:
Crop nutrition content (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand=target output * hundred kilogram economic flow rate nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) amount demand * 0.01;
(3) calculate fertilizer nutrient custom input amount:
Fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) custom input amount=fertilizer custom consumption * fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) content, its value is N, P when using multiple fertilizer 2O 5Or K 2Value after O adds up respectively;
(4) calculate nutrient balance:
Nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) equilibrium valve=fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) custom input amount-crop nutrition content (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand;
(5) determine the farmland nutrient recommended amounts:
According to the nutrient balance value, recommend to determine farmland nutrient recommendation consumption with scale according to nutrient.
2. in the intelligence tool that guidance as claimed in claim 1 applies fertilizers scientifically, it is characterized in that:
Described plot parameter also comprises the unit are custom economic flow rate of plan kind of plant in this plot; Described non-plot parameter comprises that also plan kind of plant is at the unit are minimum economic output of this region, place, plot, average economic flow rate, maximum economic yield;
Determine in the operation program of described memory device, stores that target output is to carry out in accordance with the following methods according to described parameter:
A. when " custom economic flow rate＜(minimum economic output+average economic flow rate) ÷ 2 ":
Target output=(minimum economic output+average economic flow rate) ÷ 2
B. when " (minimum economic output+average economic flow rate) ÷ 2≤custom economic flow rate＜(on average economic flow rate+maximum economic yield) ÷ 2 ":
Target output=(average economic flow rate+maximum economic yield) ÷ 2
C. when " custom economic flow rate 〉=(average economic flow rate+maximum economic yield) ÷ 2 ":
Target output=maximum economic yield * 1.15
D. when " custom economic flow rate 〉=maximum economic yield * 1.15 ":
Target output=custom economic flow rate.
3. in the intelligence tool that guidance as claimed in claim 1 applies fertilizers scientifically, it is characterized in that:
Described plot parameter also comprises: fertilizer, preceding crop unit are fertilizer amount that preceding crop name, preceding crop unit are economic flow rate, preceding stubble are used; Described non-plot parameter also comprises: preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) surplus can supply this season crop utilization coefficient;
Also adding batch nutrient surplus of going forward in the equilibrium valve computing formula in the operation program of described memory device, stores can be for nutrient (N, the P of this season crop absorption 2O 5, K 2O) amount, calculation procedure is as follows:
Preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) nutrient (N, P in output=preceding crop unit are economic flow rate * hundred kilograms economic flow rate 2O 5, K 2O) content * 0.01;
Preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) input=preceding crop unit are fertilizer amount * fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2Gather for its nutrient when O) content, multiple fertilizer;
Preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) effectively surplus=[preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) drop into-preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) output] * preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) surplus can supply this season crop utilization coefficient; This value got 0 less than 0 o'clock;
Described nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) equilibrium valve=fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) custom input amount+preceding stubble nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) effective surplus-crop nutrition content (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand.
4. the intelligence tool that guidance as claimed in claim 1 applies fertilizers scientifically is characterized in that:
Described plot parameter also comprises: the unit are duty;
Described non-plot parameter also comprises: middle nutrient (N, P pour water 2O 5, K 2O) content;
Also add irrigation water nutrient (N, P in the equilibrium valve computing formula in the operation program of described memory device, stores 2O 5, K 2O) amount, that is:
Irrigation water nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) amount=unit are duty * middle nutrient (N, P pour water 2O 5, K 2O) content;
Described nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) equilibrium valve=fertilizer nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) custom input amount+irrigation water nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) amount-crop nutrition content (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) demand.
5. the intelligence tool that guidance as claimed in claim 1 applies fertilizers scientifically is characterized in that:
Described plot parameter also comprises: planting season;
This comprises plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient planting season described non-plot parameter;
Unit are nutrient (N, P in the operation program in the operation program of described memory device, stores 2O 5, K 2O) recommend the consumption computing formula to be:
Described unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption=meet nutrient (N, the P of equilibrium valve scope 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption * planting season plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient.
6. the intelligence tool that guidance as claimed in claim 1 applies fertilizers scientifically is characterized in that:
Described plot parameter also comprises the soil texture;
Described non-plot parameter also comprises soil texture plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient;
Unit are nutrient (N, P in the operation program in the operation program of described memory device, stores 2O 5, K 2O) recommend the consumption computing formula to be:
Described unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption=meet nutrient (N, the P of equilibrium valve scope 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption * soil texture plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient.
7. the intelligence tool that guidance as claimed in claim 1 applies fertilizers scientifically is characterized in that:
Described plot parameter also comprises soil fertility;
Described non-plot parameter also comprises soil fertility plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient;
Unit are nutrient (N, P in the operation program in the operation program of described memory device, stores 2O 5, K 2O) recommend the consumption computing formula to be:
Described unit are nutrient (N, P 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption=meet nutrient (N, the P of equilibrium valve scope 2O 5, K 2O) recommend consumption * soil fertility plant recovery of nutrient correction coefficient.
8. the intelligence tool that applies fertilizers scientifically as the described guidance of arbitrary claim in the claim 1～7 is characterized in that, described input equipment can be PC QWERTY keyboard or touch soft keyboard.
9. the intelligence tool that applies fertilizers scientifically as the described guidance of arbitrary claim in the claim 1～7 is characterized in that, described input equipment adopts writing pencil touch screen mode, and described output equipment adopts same screen display output.
10. the intelligence tool that applies fertilizers scientifically as the described guidance of arbitrary claim in the claim 1～7 is characterized in that, but described storage device is the storage card of plug.
CN 03153815 2003-08-22 2003-08-22 Intelligent tool for directing scientific fertilization Expired - Fee Related CN1250067C (en)

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CN1330231C (en) * 2004-07-23 2007-08-08 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 Method and device of calculating amount of fertilizer of different fertilizing period for crop
CN103561563A (en) * 2012-05-09 2014-02-05 株式会社久保田 Fertilizing amount setting method, fertilizing amount setting device, and fertilizing amount setting program
CN104429269A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-03-25 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 Double-target fertilizer application method
CN106171223A (en) * 2016-07-19 2016-12-07 南京农业大学 A kind of variable fertilization method based on per mu yield potentiality Yu target output
CN106779399A (en) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-31 剑川县农田建设办公室 Fertilization compositions based on earth measurement county domain expert consulting system
CN106912237A (en) * 2017-03-20 2017-07-04 浙江省农业科学院 Water-fertilizer integral four controls fertigation method
CN107182406A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-09-22 中国农业大学 A kind of organic manure Rational Application kit for instructing prevention and control antibiotic to pollute
CN108419496A (en) * 2018-03-26 2018-08-21 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 A kind of fertilizing method of facilities vegetable
CN108521963A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-09-14 吉林省土壤肥料总站 A kind of general accurate model of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement
CN108684278A (en) * 2017-04-06 2018-10-23 点豆（山东）网络技术有限公司 Intelligent fertilizer distributing methods, devices and systems
CN108886935A (en) * 2018-07-04 2018-11-27 银川沃尔森节水灌溉有限公司 The determination method, apparatus and system of fertilizer applications during the fertilising of pipeline fertilization system
CN110400097A (en) * 2019-08-08 2019-11-01 陈�峰 A kind of a kind of information-based method of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN1330231C (en) * 2004-07-23 2007-08-08 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 Method and device of calculating amount of fertilizer of different fertilizing period for crop
CN103561563A (en) * 2012-05-09 2014-02-05 株式会社久保田 Fertilizing amount setting method, fertilizing amount setting device, and fertilizing amount setting program
CN104429269A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-03-25 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 Double-target fertilizer application method
CN106171223A (en) * 2016-07-19 2016-12-07 南京农业大学 A kind of variable fertilization method based on per mu yield potentiality Yu target output
CN106779399A (en) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-31 剑川县农田建设办公室 Fertilization compositions based on earth measurement county domain expert consulting system
CN106912237A (en) * 2017-03-20 2017-07-04 浙江省农业科学院 Water-fertilizer integral four controls fertigation method
CN108684278B (en) * 2017-04-06 2020-07-17 点豆（山东）网络技术有限公司 Intelligent fertilizer preparation method, device and system
CN108684278A (en) * 2017-04-06 2018-10-23 点豆（山东）网络技术有限公司 Intelligent fertilizer distributing methods, devices and systems
CN107182406A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-09-22 中国农业大学 A kind of organic manure Rational Application kit for instructing prevention and control antibiotic to pollute
CN107182406B (en) * 2017-05-26 2020-08-21 中国农业大学 Organic manure reasonable application kit capable of guiding prevention and control of antibiotic pollution
CN108419496A (en) * 2018-03-26 2018-08-21 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 A kind of fertilizing method of facilities vegetable
CN108521963A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-09-14 吉林省土壤肥料总站 A kind of general accurate model of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement
CN108521963B (en) * 2018-05-16 2020-06-02 吉林省土壤肥料总站 General accurate model of formula fertilization surveys soil
CN108886935A (en) * 2018-07-04 2018-11-27 银川沃尔森节水灌溉有限公司 The determination method, apparatus and system of fertilizer applications during the fertilising of pipeline fertilization system
CN110400097A (en) * 2019-08-08 2019-11-01 陈�峰 A kind of a kind of information-based method of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation
CN114246043A (en) * 2022-01-04 2022-03-29 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 Tomato fertilization correction method and device based on soil and plant detection

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