CN107182406A - A kind of organic manure Rational Application kit for instructing prevention and control antibiotic to pollute - Google Patents
A kind of organic manure Rational Application kit for instructing prevention and control antibiotic to pollute Download PDFInfo
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- CN107182406A CN107182406A CN201710396120.1A CN201710396120A CN107182406A CN 107182406 A CN107182406 A CN 107182406A CN 201710396120 A CN201710396120 A CN 201710396120A CN 107182406 A CN107182406 A CN 107182406A
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- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002680 soil gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940097572 chloromycetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021316 daily nutritional intake Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000469 dry deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMMVQQUTAEWLP-KIDUDLJLSA-N lincomycin Chemical class CN1C[C@H](CCC)C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](SC)O1 OJMMVQQUTAEWLP-KIDUDLJLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003120 macrolide antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007660 quinolones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940040944 tetracyclines Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003952 β-lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 229940041033 macrolides Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- HGASFNYMVGEKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-ol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCCCCCCCO HGASFNYMVGEKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005316 response function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000273 veterinary drug Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of organic manure Rational Application kit for instructing prevention and control antibiotic to pollute.It includes：1) input equipment, for typing plot parameter and the vegetables and fruits type of plantation；2) storage device, for storing the basic parameters such as all kinds of antibiotic, vegetables and fruits, plot, i.e., " data bank "；3) operation control equipment, antibiotic is calculated to the risk intake (I) of human body, the reference amount of application (M) of organic manure and comparatively safe coefficient (Q) for simulating；4) output equipment, for exporting M values and Q values that the operation control equipment is drawn.The unfavorable factors such as cycle length, expense height are determined the present invention overcomes traditional experiment, in the environment of generally more paying attention to inorganic substances and content of beary metal at present, in the sight that antibiotic agents are introduced to social concerns.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop fertilization technical field, more particularly to one kind is calculated by inputting certain parameter can instruct to prevent
Control the organic manure Rational Application kit of antibiotic pollution.The calculating instrument of the present invention employs the hair that applicant applies on the same day
It is bright " it is a kind of can prevention and control antibiotic pollution vegetables and fruits organic manure recommend application process ".
Background technology
In current crops fertilization recommendation is put into practice and is studied, the thinking of fertilization recommendation method is more unified, and is broadly divided into
The big species of fertilization recommendation method based on soil nutrient and the fertilization recommendation method based on crop etc. two, institute in muck is not considered
The influence that risk factors containing pollutant may be produced to human body.
Fertilization recommendation method based on soil nutrient is mainly according to Different Nutrients content in soil and plant growth
Nutrient demand amount carries out fertilizing systems (soil fertility index method)；Meanwhile, it can also be tried by soil testing result and field fertilizer efficiency
Result is tested, Different Crop is set up, there is provided fertilizer formula (field test method of completing the square) for the soil nutrient Plentiful-lack index of different zones；
Or, rate of fertilizer (target output method of completing the square) is estimated according to the difference of crop target output fertilizer requirement and fertilizer provision from soil amount.
Fertilization recommendation method based on crop generally regard the yield and nutrition condition of crop overground part as diagnosis crop life
Long whether normal foundation, is accounted in terms of mainly being built up from the growth performance of crop with yield, such as crop kernel yield
Height, the growing way of crop overground part and color appearance performance etc. (nutrient diagnosis method).It is also possible to set up crop yield with
Statistical relationship between rate of fertilizer, mathematical statistics is carried out by the overground part crop yield from different disposal and dose,
Fertilizer response function is obtained, fertilizing systems (Fertilizer effect function) are carried out on this basis.In addition, peasant's also usually root
According to the empirically determined dose (also having empiric fertilization method) of oneself.
In recent years, the pollution problem of antibiotic is increasingly noted by domestic and foreign scholars.Supported along with intensive herding
Grow industry fast-developing, China there are about the antibiotic of up to ten million tons as veterinary drug or feed addictive and is used for aquaculture every year on average
In.These antibiotic can not all be absorbed, and account for the 30%~90% of dosage and in the form of active compound and metabolite
Excrement and urine discharge through animal.And the annual feces of livestock and poultry yield of China's scale livestock farming is up to 17.3 hundred million tons, wherein greatly
Part is applied in agricultural production after working process as organic fertilizer, some especially in the production of facilities vegetable
Regional organic manure amount of application accounts for the 61%~88% of total fertilization amount.At the same time, antibiotic can also enter environment therewith, in agriculture
Largely it is enriched with field soil and long-term cropping, and murder by poisoning risk is produced to animal and human body by food chain.
At present, the antibiotic pollution and the research of accumulation that China is directed in typical installation agricultural production are also very deficient,
There are not clear and definite relevant criterion and method to weigh whether the content of antibiotic in vegetables and fruits can produce harm to human body, do not have more
The risk that a kind of method can be transmitted with facility fertilizer-soil-crop chain type with prevention and control antibiotic and then may produced to human body.
The content of the invention：
Present invention employs a kind of brand-new simulation calculating and fertilizer recommendations method, with reference to ADI value and multimedium fugacity mould
Type, contains the basic parameter of a large amount of vegetables and fruits and antibiotic compound, overcomes traditional experiment measurement period length, complex operation
Etc. defect, it can quickly and easily carry out organic manure amount of application and apply the calculating of proportioning, and provide reasonable proposal.
The technical scheme is that, a kind of organic manure Rational Application kit for instructing prevention and control antibiotic to pollute,
Including：
1) input equipment, the plot parameter differed greatly for being logged in a region because plot is different and plantation
Vegetables and fruits type, including：Plant region, soil types, temperature, cultivated area, greenhouse volume, duty, vegetables and fruits type.
The parameter is specifically included：
(1) plot ambient parameter：Geographical position (including North China, Central China, East China, south China, northwest, northeast, southwest), soil
Type (including loam, sand, clay), temperature T (K), cultivated area AS(mu), greenhouse volume VA(m3), duty GW(mm/
d)；
(2) vegetables and fruits crop parameter：Vegetables and fruits type (including root vegetables, stem dish class, leaf vegetables, flower vegetables and melon and fruit class).
Equipment makes user select first：Region, soil types, vegetables and fruits type are planted, then makes user input：Temperature
Degree, cultivated area, greenhouse volume, duty.
2) storage device, as " data bank ", for storing operation program, all kinds of antibiotic basic parameters, common vegetables and fruits
Basic parameter, environment basic parameter, soil types and its basic parameter and organic manure type and its basic parameter；And computing
Program, wherein：
(1) antibiotic basic parameter：ADI value ADI (μ g/ (kg bwd)), fusing point TM(K), boiling point Tb(K), solid vapor
Press PS S(Pa), henry 's law constant HS(Pa·m3/ mol), molal weight MW (g/mol), octanol-water partition coefficient KOW, soil
Middle half-life period tS(h), half-life period t in airA(h), half-life period t in water bodyW(h)；
(2) vegetables and fruits basic parameter：Moisture content WP, fat content LP, leaf area index LAI, canopy coverage rate Q, transpiration rate Tr
(m3/(m2H)), full growth period FGP (my god), the deep native depth h of rootS(m)；
(3) environment basic parameter：Ideal gas constant R (8.314Pam3/ (molK)), particulate in air volume
Organic carbon content, water body density (kg/m in particle object fraction, water in fraction, water3), particle density (kg/m in water3)、
Air side mass tranfer coefficient (m/h) on soil, air side mass tranfer coefficient (m/h), dry deposition speed (m/h), gas phase on vegetables and fruits blade
Molecular diffusion rate (m2/ h), aqueous phase molecular diffusion rate (m2/h)；
(4) soil and fertilizer default parameters：Moisture content vWS, bulk of solid matter fraction vPS, gas volume fraction vAS, soil
Earth organic carbon content fOC, solid matter density (kg/m3), diffusion path length (m), solid flow speed (m/h)；Antibiotic exists
Levels maximum/minimum/average value DF in fertilizer1/DF2/DF3(μg/kg)。
(5) operation program：With reference to III grade of multimedia fugacity model principle.
3) operation control equipment, for the plot according to input and non-plot parameter, calls all kinds of ginsengs in storage device
Number and operation program, simulation calculate antibiotic to the risk intake (I) of human body, the reference amount of application (M) of organic manure and
Comparatively safe coefficient (Q)；
The calculating antibiotic comprises the following steps to the risk intake (I) of human body：
(1) ADI value is converted into concentration D in vegetables and fruitsV(mol/m3)：
DVThe ÷ (1821 × 10 of=ADI × 60 × 9003×MW)；
Wherein, ADI value is derived from No. 235 bulletins of the Ministry of Agriculture；60 be to recommend adult body weight (kg) per capita；900 is average for vegetables and fruits
Density (kg/m3)；1821 be daily food intake dose (g) per capita；MW is antibiotic molal weight (g/mol)；
(2) the antibiotic intake flux Es (mol/h) when applying fertilizer is calculated；
When antibiotic concentration is D in vegetables and fruitsVWhen, in the growth cycle of every batch of vegetables and fruits, whole planting system is from organic manure
The Mean Speed of middle intake antibiotic, that is, apply the antibiotic intake flux Es (mol/h) during fertilizer.
All kinds of parameters and the operation program in storage device are called, simplified operation program is following (by empirical value and constant
Substitute into)：
A. the simplification and amendment of parameter：
Solid vapor presses corrected parameter：PS=PS S×exp[88×Tb×(1/298-1/T)÷R]；
Henry 's law constant corrected parameter：H=HS×exp[88×Tb×(1/298-1/T)÷R]；
Vegetation water/fat parameter：PWL=WP+LP×KOW 0.95；
Soil gas diffusion parameter：B1=0.04 × vAS 10/3÷(vAS+vWS)2；
Soil water body diffusion parameter：B2=4 × 10-6×vWS 10/3÷(vAS+vWS)2；
Corrected parameter 1：P1=exp (- 6.79 × TM÷T)；
Corrected parameter 2：P2=exp [(logKOW-1.78)2÷2.44]；
Corrected parameter 3：P3=R × T × (WP+LP×KOW 0.95)；
Corrected parameter 4：P4=10^ [(1.674 × logKOW-2.79×logMW-14.67)÷2]；
B. each media migration parameter in environment is determined：
DAS=DGas-soil=AS÷{R×T+[0.05×H×R×T÷(B1×H+B2×R×T)]}；
DSA=DSoil-gas=DAS+0.4147×AS×P1÷(R×T×PS)；
DSW=DRunoff in soil=[KOW×fOC×(2.2632×10-8×AS+7.6654×10-4×GW)+0.999221×GW]
÷H；
DSV=DSoil-vegetables and fruits=0.8232 × LAI × AS×Tr÷(H×P2)；
DVS=DVegetables and fruits-soil=0.0392 × LAI × AS×Tr÷(H×P2)；
DVA=DVegetables and fruits-gas=3240 × LAI × AS×P3×P4÷(360×R×T×P3×P4+H2)；
DAV=DGas-vegetables and fruits=DVA+4.487×107×Q×AS×P1÷(R×T×PS)；
DRA=DDegraded in gas=0.693 × VA×(PS+0.0384×P1)÷tA×R×T×PS；
DRS=DDegraded in soil=[AS×hS×vWS×(0.6925×R×T×PS+2.8793×106×H×P1)+0.693×
AS×hS×vAS×H×PS+0.6819×AS×hS×vPS×R×T×PS×KOW×fOC]÷(0.0015×R×T×H×
PS)；
C. set up matter balance equation and obtain intermediate parameters fS、fV、fA：
ES+fA×DAS+fV×DVS=fS×(DSA+DSW+DSV+DRS)；
fS×DSA+fV×DVA=fA×(DAS+DAV+DRA)；
fS×DSV+fA×DAV=fV×(DVA+DVS)；
D. antibiotic intake flux Es when applying fertilizer is calculated：
ES=fS×(DSA+DSW+DSV+DRS)-fV×DVS-fA×DAS；
(3) Es is converted to the risk intake I (g/ mus of μ) of antibiotic：
I (g/ mus of μ)=24 × Es × MW × growth period (my god) × 106/ cultivated area (mu)；
In operation control equipment, I values and the C values in storage device are called, " one kind can prevention and control antibiosis using patent application
Formula in the vegetables and fruits organic manure recommendation application process of element pollution ", calculates organic manure and refers to amount of application (M)：
M=I/C
Wherein：M-organic manure refers to amount of application (kg/ mus)；
The risk intake (g/ mus of μ) of I-antibiotic；
Different antibiotic concentration scopes (μ g/kg) in C-all kinds of organic manures；
In operation control equipment, call M values, using patent application " it is a kind of can prevention and control antibiotic pollution vegetables and fruits it is organic
Formula in muck recommendation application process ", calculates comparatively safe coefficient (Q)：
Q (i, j)=M (i, j)/M (i, max) or Q (i, j)=log [M (i, j)]/log [M (i, max)]；
Wherein, i represents organic manure type, and j represents class of antibiotic；
4) output equipment, for exporting M values and Q values that the operation control equipment is drawn：
In output equipment, M values and Q values that the operation control equipment is drawn are exported：M values are directly averaged, and Q values take
Value range.
With reference to patent application " it is a kind of can prevention and control antibiotic pollution vegetables and fruits organic manure recommend application process ", determine organic
Muck is applied and mix proportion scheme：
To administration upper limit suggestion during certain muck is administered alone：
Maximal amount M (i, j)≤administration upper limit M (min, j)；
When applying mixing muck：
Certain organic manure applicating ratio≤Q (min, j)；
Further, described antibiotic includes：Sulfamido, Tetracyclines, quinolones, beta-lactam, macrolide
Class, lincomycin class, chloromycetin.
Further, described organic manure includes：Pig manure, sheep manure, cow dung, chicken manure.
The above-mentioned organic manure for being used for antibiotic prevention and control in facility vegetables and fruits applies suggestion intelligence tool, and described input is set
Standby can be PC QWERTY keyboards or touch soft keyboard.
The above-mentioned organic manure for being used for antibiotic prevention and control in facility vegetables and fruits applies suggestion intelligence tool, and described input is set
Standby and output equipment can use same screen, and viewing area is above screen, and soft keyboard input area is aobvious in result below screen
When showing, only in screen display area display output result, soft keyboard can also be turned off by final election function key, make whole screen into
For output display screen, so as to farthest export more information in a screen.Input equipment can also be separated with display device.
The various parameters to be used all are known in the operation program of the present invention.In these parameters, antibiotic is basic
Parameter is obtained from related physical-chemical handbook or the document delivered；Vegetables and fruits basic parameter be from relevant national standard with
Obtained in the document delivered, and substantial amounts of experiment；Environment basic parameter is largely the books from multimedia fugacity model
With the empirical value obtained in the document delivered；Soil and fertilizer default parameters be from it is substantial amounts of experiment and on the spot investigate in, with
And obtained in a part of document delivered.Therefore, method of the invention can be implemented completely.
The present invention operation principle be：(1) operation control equipment is sent instructions to by input equipment to set with analysis and Control
Standby, operation control equipment can run the operation program being stored in storage device, and show that parameter is inputted in display device
Interface；(2) specified parameter is inputted by input equipment, be sent in operation control equipment；(3) operation control equipment is from storage
Call the important parameter of correlation to carry out computing in equipment, and calculate result, be sent in output equipment；(4) output equipment will
As a result export, come out by interface display, can also connect printing device and print result, can also be saved in storage device
In, for checking or exporting in the future.Advantages and positive effects of the present invention：
Determine cycle length, the unfavorable factor such as expense height the present invention overcomes traditional experiment, need not determine soil or
In the case of plant antibiotic content, calculate to carry out pushing away for organic manure administration by the simulation to known environment and vegetables and fruits
Recommend；" input-output " pattern with simple easy to get started, input parameter is easier to obtain, and provides silent in other specification kit
Recognize value；It is that efficiently organic manure applies recommendation tool to a kind of science with easy to operate, easy popularization, the low feature of expense.Simultaneously
The present invention helps to lift understanding of the peasant to antibiotic agents effect on environment, at present generally to inorganic substances and a huge sum of money
In the environment of category content is more paid attention to, in the sight that antibiotic agents are introduced to social concerns.
Embodiment：
Embodiment 1：Watermelon
1st, the ambient parameter for specifying plot, the vegetables and fruits crop parameter of plantation are inputted：
2nd, the risk intake (I) of antibiotic is calculated：
(1) ADI value is converted into concentration D in vegetables and fruitsV(mol/m3)：
(2) antibiotic when obtaining applying fertilizer using model takes in flux Es (mol/h)；
(3) Es is converted to the risk intake I (g/ mus of μ) of antibiotic：
3. calculating organic manure refers to amount of application (M)：
Utilize formula：M=I/C, wherein C values are directly transferred from " data bank " kit, are calculated organic manure reference and are applied
Consumption M (kg/ mus)：
4th, safety coefficient (Q) is calculated：
Utilize formula：Q (i, j)=log [M (i, j)]/log [M (i, max)], calculates different antibiotic in all kinds of organic excrement
Comparatively safe coefficient (Q) in fertilizer：
(1) organic manure refers to amount of application (M) scope：
(2) Q values be can be calculated：
5th, output M values and Q values：
6th, determine that organic manure applies mix proportion scheme：
With reference to M values and Q values, it may be determined that organic manure is applied and proportioning：
When pig manure is administered alone, maximum fertilization M (i, 1)≤4233 (kg/ mus), applicating ratio is optimal≤0.64~
0.91；
When sheep manure is administered alone, maximum fertilization M (i, 2)≤10763 (kg/ mus), applicating ratio is optimal≤0.82~
0.89；
When cow dung is administered alone, maximum fertilization M (i, 3)≤179 (kg/ mus), applicating ratio is most preferably≤0.47~0.55
When chicken manure is administered alone, maximum fertilization M (i, 4)≤1259 (kg/ mus), applicating ratio is most preferably≤0.70~0.92.
Embodiment 2：Rape
1st, the ambient parameter for specifying plot, the vegetables and fruits crop parameter of plantation are inputted：
2nd, the risk intake (I) of antibiotic is calculated：
(1) ADI value is converted into concentration D in vegetables and fruitsV(mol/m3)：
(2) antibiotic when obtaining applying fertilizer using model takes in flux Es (mol/h)；
(3) Es is converted to the risk intake I (g/ mus of μ) of antibiotic：
3. calculating organic manure refers to amount of application (M)：
Utilize formula：M=I/C, wherein C values are directly transferred from " data bank " kit, are calculated organic manure reference and are applied
Consumption M (kg/ mus)：
4th, safety coefficient (Q) is calculated：
Utilize formula：Q (i, j)=log [M (i, j)]/log [M (i, max)], calculates different antibiotic in all kinds of organic excrement
Comparatively safe coefficient (Q) in fertilizer：
(1) organic manure refers to amount of application (M) scope：
(2) Q values be can be calculated：
5th, output M values and Q values：
6th, determine that organic manure applies mix proportion scheme：
With reference to M values and Q values, it may be determined that organic manure is applied and proportioning：
When pig manure is administered alone, maximum fertilization M (i, 1)≤6739 (kg/ mus), applicating ratio is optimal≤0.67~
0.91；
When sheep manure is administered alone, maximum fertilization M (i, 2)≤1096 (kg/ mus), applicating ratio is optimal≤0.67~
0.84；
When cow dung is administered alone, maximum fertilization M (i, 3)≤24090 (kg/ mus), applicating ratio is optimal≤0.83~
1.00
When chicken manure is administered alone, maximum fertilization M (i, 4)≤1953 (kg/ mus), applicating ratio is optimal≤0.72~
0.92。
Technical scheme is described in detail above-described embodiment.It is apparent that the present invention is not limited being retouched
The embodiment stated.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those skilled in the art can also make a variety of changes accordingly, but appoint
What is equal with the present invention or similar change belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of organic manure Rational Application kit for instructing prevention and control antibiotic to pollute, it is characterised in that including：
1) input equipment, for typing plot parameter and the vegetables and fruits type of plantation；
2) storage device, for storing all kinds of antibiotic basic parameters, vegetables and fruits basic parameter, environment basic parameter, soil types
And its basic parameter and organic manure type and its basic parameter and operation program；
3) operation control equipment, for the plot according to input and non-plot parameter, call all kinds of parameters in storage device with
Operation program, simulation calculates antibiotic to the risk intake (I) of human body, the reference amount of application (M) of organic manure and relative peace
Overall coefficient (Q)；
4) output equipment, for exporting M values and Q values that the operation control equipment is drawn.
2. kit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The parameter inputted in the input equipment includes：Plantation
Region, soil types, temperature, cultivated area, greenhouse volume, duty, vegetables and fruits type.
3. kit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The parameter stored in the storage device includes：
(1) antibiotic basic parameter：ADI value, fusing point, boiling point, solid vapor pressure, henry 's law constant, molal weight, octanol-
Half-life period in half-life period, water body in half-life period, air in water partition coefficient, soil；
(2) vegetables and fruits basic parameter：Moisture content, fat content, leaf area index, canopy coverage rate, transpiration rate, full growth period, root
Deep soil is deep；
(3) environment basic parameter：In ideal gas constant, particulate in air volume fraction, water in particle object fraction, water
Particle density in organic carbon content, water body density, water, air side mass tranfer coefficient on soil, air side mass transfer on vegetables and fruits blade
Coefficient, dry deposition speed, gas molecule in space diffusion rate, aqueous phase molecular diffusion rate；
(4) soil and fertilizer default parameters：Moisture content, bulk of solid matter fraction, gas volume fraction, soil organic matter contain
Amount, solid matter density, diffusion path length, solid flow speed；Levels of the antibiotic in fertilizer；
(5) operation program：III grade of multimedia fugacity model principle.
4. kit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Simulation calculates antibiosis described in the operation control equipment
Element comprises the following steps to the risk intake (I) of human body：
(1) ADI value is converted into concentration D in vegetables and fruitsV(mol/m3)：
DVThe ÷ (1821 × 10 of=ADI × 60 × 9003×MW)；
Wherein, ADI value is derived from No. 235 bulletins of the Ministry of Agriculture；60 be to recommend adult body weight (kg) per capita；900 be vegetables and fruits averag density
(kg/m3)；1821 be daily food intake dose (g) per capita；MW is antibiotic molal weight (g/mol)；
(2) the antibiotic intake flux Es (mol/h) when applying fertilizer is calculated；
All kinds of parameters and the operation program in storage device are called, simplified operation program is as follows：
A. the simplification and amendment of parameter：
Solid vapor presses corrected parameter：PS=PS S×exp[88×Tb×(1/298-1/T)÷R]；
Henry 's law constant corrected parameter：H=HS×exp[88×Tb×(1/298-1/T)÷R]；
Vegetation water/fat parameter：PWL=WP+LP×KOW 0.95；
Soil gas diffusion parameter：B1=0.04 × vAS 10/3÷(vAS+vWS)2；
Soil water body diffusion parameter：B2=4 × 10-6×vWS 10/3÷(vAS+vWS)2；
Corrected parameter 1：P1=exp (- 6.79 × TM÷T)；
Corrected parameter 2：P2=exp [(logKOW-1.78)2÷2.44]；
Corrected parameter 3：P3=R × T × (WP+LP×KOW 0.95)；
Corrected parameter 4：P4=10^ [(1.674 × logKOW-2.79×logMW-14.67)÷2]；
B. each media migration parameter in environment is determined：
DAS=DGas-soil=AS÷{R×T+[0.05×H×R×T÷(B1×H+B2×R×T)]}；
DSA=DSoil-gas=DAS+0.4147×AS×P1÷(R×T×PS)；
DSW=DRunoff in soil=[KOW×fOC×(2.2632×10-8×AS+7.6654×10-4×GW)+0.999221×GW]÷H；
DSV=DSoil-vegetables and fruits=0.8232 × LAI × AS×Tr÷(H×P2)；
DVS=DVegetables and fruits-soil=0.0392 × LAI × AS×Tr÷(H×P2)；
DVA=DVegetables and fruits-gas=3240 × LAI × AS×P3×P4÷(360×R×T×P3×P4+H2)；
DAV=DGas-vegetables and fruits=DVA+4.487×107×Q×AS×P1÷(R×T×PS)；
DRA=DDegraded in gas=0.693 × VA×(PS+0.0384×P1)÷tA×R×T×PS；
DRS=DDegraded in soil=[AS×hS×vWS×(0.6925×R×T×PS+2.8793×106×H×P1)+0.693×AS×
hS×vAS×H×PS+0.6819×AS×hS×vPS×R×T×PS×KOW×fOC]÷(0.0015×R×T×H×PS)；
C. set up matter balance equation and obtain intermediate parameters fS、fV、fA：
ES+fA×DAS+fV×DVS=fS×(DSA+DSW+DSV+DRS)；
fS×DSA+fV×DVA=fA×(DAS+DAV+DRA)；
fS×DSV+fA×DAV=fV×(DVA+DVS)；
D. antibiotic intake flux Es when applying fertilizer is calculated：
ES=fS×(DSA+DSW+DSV+DRS)-fV×DVS-fA×DAS；
(3) Es is converted to the risk intake I (g/ mus of μ) of antibiotic：
I (g/ mus of μ)=24 × Es × MW × growth period (my god) × 106/ cultivated area (mu).
5. kit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The ginseng of organic manure described in the operation control equipment
Examining the calculating of amount of application (M) includes calling I values and the C values in storage device, and using patent application, " one kind can the dirt of prevention and control antibiotic
Formula in the vegetables and fruits organic manure recommendation application process of dye ", calculates organic manure and refers to amount of application (M)：M=I/C
Wherein：M-organic manure refers to amount of application (kg/ mus)；
The risk intake (g/ mus of μ) of I-antibiotic；
Different antibiotic concentration scopes (μ g/kg) in C-all kinds of organic manures.
6. kit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Comparatively safe coefficient described in the operation control equipment
(Q) calculating include call M values, using patent application " it is a kind of can prevention and control antibiotic pollution vegetables and fruits organic manure recommend apply
Formula in method ", calculates comparatively safe coefficient (Q)：Q (i, j)=M (i, j)/M (i, max) or Q (i, j)=log [M (i,
j)]/log[M(i,max)]；
Wherein, i represents organic manure type, and j represents class of antibiotic.
7. kit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the output equipment, export the operation control and set
The standby M values drawn and Q values, wherein M values are directly averaged, and Q values take value range.
8. kit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described antibiotic includes：Sulfamido, Tetracyclines,
Quinolones, beta-lactam, macrolides, lincomycin class and chloromycetin.
9. kit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described organic manure includes：Pig manure, sheep manure, cow dung
And chicken manure.
10. kit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described vegetables and fruits type includes：Root vegetables, stem dish class,
Leaf vegetables, flower vegetables and melon and fruit class.
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| CN201710396120.1A CN107182406B (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2017-05-26 | Organic manure reasonable application kit capable of guiding prevention and control of antibiotic pollution |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710396120.1A CN107182406B (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2017-05-26 | Organic manure reasonable application kit capable of guiding prevention and control of antibiotic pollution |
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| CN107182406B CN107182406B (en) | 2020-08-21 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1489887A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2004-04-21 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Intelligent tool for directing scientific fertilization |
| CN1596580A (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2005-03-23 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method and device of calculating amount of fertilizer of different fertilizing period for crop |
| WO2015101941A1 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-09 | University Of Saskatchewan | Biomass processing methods and systems |
| CN104820745A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-05 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Organic chemical exposure level forecasting method for surface water environment medium |
-
2017
- 2017-05-26 CN CN201710396120.1A patent/CN107182406B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1489887A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2004-04-21 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Intelligent tool for directing scientific fertilization |
| CN1596580A (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2005-03-23 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method and device of calculating amount of fertilizer of different fertilizing period for crop |
| WO2015101941A1 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-09 | University Of Saskatchewan | Biomass processing methods and systems |
| CN104820745A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-05 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Organic chemical exposure level forecasting method for surface water environment medium |
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| 赵丽丽等: "畜禽粪肥慎用于蔬菜种植", 《中国农业信息》 * |
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