CN103518450B - Earing fertilizer application method for paddy rice large-area balanced yield increase - Google Patents
Earing fertilizer application method for paddy rice large-area balanced yield increase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an earing fertilizer application method for paddy rice large-area balanced yield increase. The method comprises the steps: when color fading of leaf blades happens in 8 periods of paddy rice young ear differentiaton development, applying the fertilizer with the earing fertilizer application amount calculated by the following way: the earing fertilizer application amount=the expected yield*[0.5%+(4-X)%/10], wherein the expected yield=the effective ear number*actual grain number per ear*the thousand-grain weight/10<6>, X represents the young ear differentiation development period when the color fading of the leaf blades happens, and X is in a range of 2-7. The method adopts commonly used technical means, such as a leaf age remainder (index) method, a young ear length method, a young ear development day method, a visual method, to determine the paddy rice young ear differentiation development period, then accurately calculates the topdressing amount according to the periods, breaks geographic restrictions of a topdressing technology, is suitable for indica rice planting areas in most parts of southern China, and has great significance to China paddy rice large-area balanced yield increase and food security.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Indica Rice fertilizer practice field, be specifically related to a kind of ear manuer application process of paddy rice large area balanced increase production.
Background technology
Apply fertilizers scientifically and be conducive to improve overall productivity in agriculture, promotion growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income and agricultural sustainable development.Total institute is known, fertilizer is paddy rice " grain ", fertilising is most important increasing production of rice measure, yet, China is large at Rice Cropping apply fertilizer amount of application, and Fertilization Structure is unreasonable, and nutrient is used imbalance, not only cause the on the low side and fertilizer efficiency of general of utilization rate of fertilizer to decline, return human and livestock health and environment has brought harm.
Rice plant accounts for 20% of whole breeding time of gross absorption to the absorptive amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium from being transplanted to late tillering state, mainly by base manure and tillering fertilizer, supplements; After heading, for preventing that early ageing plant from absorbing the nutrient that accounts for total amount 20%-30%, mainly supplemented by top dressing; The rice young panicle puberty, is to nourish and grow to go forward side by side period with reproductive growth, and now improving activity of root system is strong, and the metabolism of nitrogen carbon is very vigorous, needs a large amount of nutrient supplies, accounts for the plant 50%-60% of Nutrient Absorption total amount in life.Therefore, the quality of children's Ear development rice nutrition situation is very large on the impact of grain weight, grain number and the output in later stage, impose timely and appropriately ear manuer, and be equipped with rational water management and timely the various management measures such as extermination of disease and insect pest to capturing high yield, there is important function.Yet, traditional topdress generally adopt " a Hong head " though mode simple to operate, the ear manuer amount of using is few, is unfavorable for that big panicle many grains per panicle grain is full, affects the raising of rice yield; Proposed again afterwards " tap holder protect tail control in the middle of ", " front light, rear heavy, after supply ", the fertilizing method such as " base manure foot, leaven speed, topdresses early; ear manuer is skilful ", though raising in various degree rice yield, local characteristic is too dense, is difficult in nonlocal large scale application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of ear manuer application process of paddy rice large area balanced increase production is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Described paddy rice ear manuer application process be rice young panicle differentiation and development 8 period, intra vane faded time, the ear manuer amount of application calculating as follows applies fertilizer:
Ear manuer amount of application=expected volume * 5 ‰+(4-X) ‰) ］;
Wherein, the real grain of expected volume=number of productive ear * every fringe number * thousand kernel weight/10
6;
When X represents that blade fades, residing ear differentiation is grown 8 time interim a certain period, 2≤X≤7.
Preferably, when adopting said method to execute ear manuer, carry out Deep irrigation and disease pest and weed control.
Wherein, described ear manuer is urea.
Wherein, 8 periods that described ear differentiation is grown be according to young fringe morphological feature and last 1 phase of the definite ear differentiation of number of days, 2 phases of ear differentiation, 3 phases of ear differentiation, 4 phases of ear differentiation, 5 phases of ear differentiation, 6 phases of ear differentiation, 7 phases of ear differentiation, 8 phases of ear differentiation.
Below in conjunction with principle and effect, the invention will be further described:
The inventive method is followed the dynamic management principle of " seeing leaf look, look into period, calculate fertile amount ", and it has comprised in fact the content of following 5 aspects: 1. paddy rice enters panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, 2. colony leaves starts to fade, 3. determines ear differentiation period, 4. " 4 times 5 except 1 " method accurate Calculation ear manuer amount of application, 5. Deep irrigation, prevention and control damage by disease and insect in time.
The time that paddy rice starts ear differentiation can adopt leaf age remaining (finger) number method, ocular estimate to determine, three leaves that now fall have just started to reveal point, and leaf age index approximately reaches 75-76%.Enter after young Ear development, nourish and grow and carry out fast with reproductive growth simultaneously, the metabolism of nitrogen carbon is very vigorous, need to absorb rice strain 50% nutrient in life, yet soil nutrient major part before consumes, especially nitrogenous fertilizer is absorbed in a large number by plant, causes now colony's leaf look to start to change to light green color from bottle green, occurs the phenomenon of fading.By (finger) number method, You Miho length method, young fringe more than leaf age grow number of days method, ocular estimate determine fade occur in ear differentiation which phase (according to the common practise of this area, rice young panicle differentiation can be divided into 8 periods), generally fade and occur in the 4th phase of ear differentiation, it is the formation stage of pistil and stamen, last 4-5 days, this phase blade fades, and base portion 1,2 internodes have stopped extending, for appending the safe period of nitrogenous fertilizer; Aspect ear manuer consumption, according to expected volume, determining, because number of productive ear now can be determined substantially, it is the long-term percentage of earbearing tiller (account form that this is known to the skilled person) of number of productive ear=available tillering * this kind, wherein the percentage of earbearing tiller, the real grain of every fringe number, thousand kernel weight belong to breediness, between the fraction of the year of under suitable weather conditions, luffing is little, can determine according to the performance for many years of kind; The data of effective tiller can obtain by field investigation.Accordingly, according to the formula of the real grain of number of productive ear * every fringe number * thousand kernel weight/106, calculate expected volume, ear manuer amount of application is 5 ‰ of expected volume,, ear manuer amount of application=expected volume * 5 ‰, cross and to cause at most remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturingly, and crossing affects at least fringe and prop up stalk and the differentiation of grain husk flower.
If blade shifts to an earlier date or postponement is faded,, fade and occur in ear differentiation during other period, dressing time needs in advance corresponding or postpones, fertilizer application amount also should be adjusted simultaneously, (or postponement) 1 phase that often shifts to an earlier date fades, and shifts to an earlier date accordingly (or postponement) 1 phase period of topdressing, and ear manuer consumption correspondingly increases 1 ‰ of (or minimizing) expected volume.For example,, if ear differentiation X(X=2-7) phase fades, the x phase imposes ear manuer, the urea amount=expected volume imposing * ［ 5 ‰+(4-X) ‰ ］, wherein 4 and x represent respectively the 4th phase and the X phase of ear differentiation.
Thus, ear manuer application process of the present invention can be generalized into the ear manuer of " removing 14 times 5 " and use pithy formula, and wherein, " 4 " refer to the 4th phase of rice young panicle differentiation, " 5 " and " 1 " represent respectively 5 ‰ and 1 ‰ of expected volume, like this can more convenient peasant's memory and grasp.
In addition, while adopting this method to impose ear manuer, note also the rice young panicle differentiation hot weather in period: take 25 ℃ as benchmark, after fertilising, the every rising of ambient temperature is 3 ℃, increases the fertilizer amount of expected volume 0.1 ‰; Otherwise 3 ℃ of the every reductions of ambient temperature, reduce the fertilizer amount of expected volume 1 ‰.Therefore in addition, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage blade face transpiration rate is large, and plant strain growth is vigorous, can be combined with deep irrigation water, will carry out disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds simultaneously, guarantees rice safety booting, ears, blooms, solid, strives good quality and high output.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The first, ear manuer imposes too early, can cause to nourish and grow too fastly, and ineffective tillering increases; If it is slow to impose, can cause again remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturingly, bring out disease worm, solid reduction and the underproduction.The rules such as this practical technique can be stretched together according to the fertile characteristic of paddy rice need, cauline leaf, young fringe growth, by (finger) number method, You Miho length method, young fringe more than leaf age, grow the concrete process that the several different methods such as number of days method, ocular estimate are determined rice young panicle differentiation, can catch the Best Times of using ear manuer.
Second, under different regions, Different Fertilization method, ear manuer amount of application is different: " a Hong head " fertilization method is not executed ear manuer, " tap holder protect tail control in the middle of ", " front light, rear heavy, after supply ", that the ear manuer amount of application of the method such as " base manure foot; leaven speed; topdress early, ear manuer is skilful " has height to have is low, does not scientifically propose the computational methods of ear manuer amount of application.This practical approach is seen seedling by seeing field, postpones or topdresses period ahead of time, and in conjunction with expected volume accurate Calculation ear manuer amount of application, effectively avoided ear manuer to execute the generation of Shaoshi phenomenon more according to the variation of the fading time of blade.
The 3rd, this practical approach has rationally been avoided the elongating stage of base portion 1,2 joints in growth process of riceplant, topdress and can not cause the long lodging causing of basal internode, simultaneously, in conjunction with Deep irrigation and disease pest and weed control, can not only guarantee safe booting, heading, can also Accelerate bloom solid, the potentiality of performance rice high yield.
In a word, the present inventor relies on rice cropping experience for many years, and take a large amount of fertilizer tests as foundation, for the different feature of different regions ear manuer application process, a kind of ear manuer application process of paddy rice large area balanced increase production has been proposed according to characteristics such as the variation of field leaf look, Shui Dao You Miho jointing in vegetative period, the differentiation of branch stalk.The method is by common technology means, as (finger) number method, You Miho length method, young fringe more than leaf age, grow number of days method, ocular estimate and determine rice young panicle differentiation and development residing period, again according to accurate Calculation topdressing amount in period, broken the regional limits of top dressing technique, be suitable for southern most of long-grained nonglutinous rice planting area, China's paddy rice large area balanced increase production and grain security are significant.Simultaneously, the inventive method can simply be generalized into the ear manuer of " removing 14 times 5 " and use pithy formula, " removing 14 times 5 " ear manuer application process that is suitable for southern most of Rice Cropping region of being convenient to peasant's memory and grasping, having solved peasant blindly imposes ear manuer or does not execute the phenomenons such as ear manuer, and can be according to accurately determining ear manuer time of application and amount of application the period of leaf look variation, further quantized ear manuer amount of application, the Deep irrigation and the techniques of pest control that are aided with land for growing field crops between Stage of Top Dressing simultaneously, there is science, reliability and safety, paddy rice large area balanced increase production is had to important guiding effect, contribute to promote China's Rice Cropping to efficiently, the future development of sustainable agriculture.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The inventive method is called for short " 4 times 5 except 1 method " in the present embodiment.
The Hunan Xian in evening of take is for No. 12 example, every mu of tiller number of expected volume=400000() * 60%(the percentage of earbearing tiller) * 83/fringe * 25.1g/10
6=500kg/ mu; Ear manuer amount of application=500 * and 5 ‰+(4-X) ‰) ］, 2≤X≤7.Ear manuer amount of application is in Table 1, and comparative test result is in Table 2, and the local usage in table 2 refers to traditional " a Hong head " topdressing method:
Table 1: the settling the standard and the calculating of urea amount of application of ear differentiation period
Table 2
Known according to table 2, in Changsha, the result of the test in Yiyang shows, to compare with the habitual ear manuer application process in place, " 4 times 5 except 1 " ear manuer application method can effectively improve rice yield, and amplification is between 5.2-11.5%.
Claims (3)
1. a paddy rice ear manuer application process, is characterized in that, described method be rice young panicle differentiation and development 8 period, intra vane faded time, the ear manuer amount of application calculating as follows applies fertilizer:
Ear manuer amount of application=expected volume * 5 ‰+(4-X) ‰) ］;
Wherein, the real grain of expected volume=number of productive ear * every fringe number * thousand kernel weight/10
6;
When X represents that blade fades, residing ear differentiation is grown 8 time interim a certain period, 2≤X≤7.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, when adopting described method to execute ear manuer, carries out Deep irrigation and disease pest and weed control.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described ear manuer is urea.
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| CN104521648B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-11-02 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | A kind of fertile implantation methods of Indica Rice joint by artificial regulatory colony |
| CN105379490B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-05-08 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | A kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increases grain and strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method |
| CN113317150B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2023-05-02 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Three-source three-reservoir three-stream super-high yield regulation and control method for rice |
| CN114223482A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Cultivation method for rice by one-time fertilization |
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