CN103392469A - Water-saving and high-yield cultivation method for dry land wheat - Google Patents
Water-saving and high-yield cultivation method for dry land wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN103392469A CN103392469A CN2013102757806A CN201310275780A CN103392469A CN 103392469 A CN103392469 A CN 103392469A CN 2013102757806 A CN2013102757806 A CN 2013102757806A CN 201310275780 A CN201310275780 A CN 201310275780A CN 103392469 A CN103392469 A CN 103392469A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-saving and high-yield cultivation method for dry land wheat, and relates to cultivation methods of crops. The water-saving and high-yield cultivation method for the dry land wheat comprises the following steps of fertilizing, farming, variety selecting, flat planting, group controlling and intertillage weeding and suspension of soil conservaton drought-resisting. According to the water-saving and high-yield cultivation method for the dry land wheat, downward tying probability of a root before winter is increased through early deep applying of fertilizer, root shoot ratio is increased so as to enable a root system to sufficiently absorb moisture and nutrient of soil at a deep layer, even-row flat planting is adopted to increase the dry land wheat group, strong seedlings are bred, and a reasonable group management strategy is adopted to increase the dry land wheat yield through synchronous improvement of grain number and thousand seed weight on the foundation of a large group. Risk of dressing waiting for rain in the late growth stage of wheat is reduced, and effort and labor are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of crops, the cultivation method of concrete dry land wheat water saving high yield.
Background technology
Northern China Dryland mean annual precipitation is between 250-550mm, the most areas rainfall concentrates on seven, eight, 93 months, account for the 60%-70% of annual gross precipitation, the rainfall of winter-spring season only accounts for 10%-15%, and spring drought is frequently quite high the northern area generation.Summer rainwater is relatively many, but rainfall is too concentrated, and shower, heavy rain, heavy rain are many, at Hills, mostly form rainwash and run off, the availability less than 30% of crop to rainwater.In the last few years, northern area annual rainfall variability is larger, and except spring drought, dry season, autumn drought, spring and summer drought, Xia Qiulian situation non-irrigated, that Winter-Spring is non-irrigated are also very serious, so, at northern area, be to hit by drought 9 years out of 10,3 years two droughts, partial drought, 5 years 10 years great droughts arranged every year.China nearly arable land of half area often is subject to the threat of drought and water shortage.Because " three water circulations " obstacle, and the trend of drought that the drought-hit area scope constantly enlarges, degree of drought continues aggravation, make this water resource of shortage, and be awkward increasingly.
Wheat is the main cereal crops of China, its season of growth is serious period of northern China arid, and wheat yield is for a long time low and unstable, and this is the regular threat due to arid on the one hand, on the other hand, non-the taking full advantage of of rainfall resource also is even more important direct reason.Therefore, by improvement Drought-resistance in Wheat water saving production technology, improve dry land wheat output significant for reply arid and Guarantee Grain Production.
Existing dry land wheat production technology is mainly:
One, farming: dry land wheat adopts deep ploughing to hold moisture in the soil, shallow plowing soil moisture conservation more, and next year wheel is ploughed, and increases the amount of savings of topsoil to precipitation.After the preceding crop results, in time early plough, the degree of depth 20～25cm, can deep plough more than 30cm in the plot that soil layer is thick, in order to admitting more rainwater.Accomplish that rake is raked thoroughly with ploughing with rake, to reduce the loss of moisture, wait for sowing.
Two, fertilizer: mu is executed on the above basis of high-quality fertilizer 2000kg, and formula uses sufficient inorganic fertilizer, purity nitrogen 10-15kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 8-10kg, potassium (K2O) 5kg, zinc sulphate 1kg, borax 0.5kg.In above-mentioned total fertilizing amount, whole fertilizers, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, 70%～80% nitrogenous fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer are manured into soil as base manure entirely in conjunction with deep ploughing, in the 2nd year spring soil return the nitrogenous fertilizer that slurry phase trench digging imposes remaining 20%-30% (or wheat turn green then borrow rain to impose).
Three, select that strong drought resistance, tillering ability are strong, well developed root system, plant type is compact, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, cold resistance is good semiwinterness kind.Seed pelleting, optimum period furrow sow, the fertile land amount of broadcasting of drought that during optimum period, soil layer is thick, soil fertility is good 8kg left and right, the middle low yield nonirrigated farmland mu amount of the broadcasting 10kg left and right that soil layer is thinner, fertility is lower.
Four, in time suppression after wheat cultivation, steady and sure soil, the rear seedling of in time looking into of emerging is filled the gaps with seedlings, and to the plot that is short of seedling, will in time reseed.Require every mu of Basic Seedling 12-16 ten thousand, Before winter main stalk blade 6-7 sheet, before the winter, total tiller is counted 70-80 ten thousand, and spring, total tiller was counted 80-100 ten thousand, mu spike number 500,000 left and right.After broadcasting, to surviving the winter, turn green to 2 stages of jointing, in time draw hoe, to taked precautions against drought positive effect, particularly early spring of soil moisture conservation, should adopt first to suppress and draw afterwards hoe.
Five, strengthen managing spring in early spring soil return the slurry phase and borrow moisture in the soil to topdress, go out and cut weeds in conjunction with drawing hoe.The pest damages such as Upland Wheat Field two spotted spider mite, aphid are serious, should in time prevent and treat.Late growth stage, middle and later periods are prone to takes off fertile phenomenon, carry out top dressing or borrow moisture in the soil to topdress, and can take the circumstances into consideration to spray the foliage fertilizers such as fulvic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, to delay senility, improves grain heavy.Wax ripeness latter stage, results in good time.
In sum, adopt above technology to have following shortcoming:
1, fertilizer needs gradation to use, and the rainfall after being subject to wheat while imposing and turning green, if there is no condition of raining, is not irrigated again, and the situation that can cause fertilizer not impose, affect growing of wheat later stage, fertile phenomenon occurs taking off.And it is time-consuming to impose fertilizer.
2, the dry land wheat production technology is because the output hold the key element to the dry land wheat ield formed mechanism is inaccurate, later stage colony's development is not enough, and the output three elements can not develop in harmony, and general output is lower, 400 kilograms of drought fertile ground per mu yields, non-irrigated unfertile land per mu yield is often lower than 300 kilograms.
Summary of the invention
The cultivation method that the purpose of this invention is to provide dry land wheat water saving high yield, it increased before the winter and pricks under root system with deep placement morning of fertilizer, increase root/shoot ratio, make root system fully absorb moisture and the nutrient of deep soil, adopt all capable flat plantings to increase dry land wheat colony, cultivate strong sprout, adopt rational population management strategy, the synchronous raising of the grain number per spike on the basis of large group and thousand kernel weight increases dry land wheat output; Not only reduced the risk that the wheat late growth stage need to wait rain to impose, and saved labor.
In order to solve the existing problem of background technology, the present invention adopts following cultivation method: fertilising-farming-kind selection-flat planting-collective control-utilization intertillage and suppression soil moisture conservation are taked precautions against drought.
Described fertilising is nonirrigated farmland general soil arid, and nutrient is few, and soil structure is bad, and the nonirrigated farmland lack of water is normal and soil is barren accompanies, and in fertilising, not only will meet this season volume increase needs, also will use sufficient the fertilizer culture fertility.The dry land wheat main direction is on the ground to increase tiller to increase fringe, and underground short deep layer root system development, fertilizer application will give prominence to early, dark characteristics.3000～5000 kilograms of general mu organic fertilizers, 16 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 12 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 8 kilograms of left and right of potassium oxide, 1 kilogram, zinc sulphate, 0.5～1 kilogram of borax.Institute's fertilise is entirely made base manure in conjunction with deep ploughing and is manured into soil, and to promote Wheat Seedling, nourishes and grows and tillers before the winter, increases the mu spike number.
Described farming, for by deep ploughing, to deepen plow layer, increases the amount of savings of topsoil to rainy season precipitation in the coming year, and enlarges the absorption region of root system, and tilling depth is advisable with 25～30 centimetres.Soil cultivation before the dry land wheat sowing, should not blindly deep plough.During general 2 years triple-croppings, just when winter slack, deep plough, shallow plowing before wheat cultivation.While doing, there was obvious tillage pan on the ground that soil moisture content is not better deep ploughed again for many years, should deep plough in 1 year two; Date of seeding arid, topsoil has the dangerous appropriate to the occasion shallow plowing of the loss of moisture.In the maize straw plot, should take the also mode in field of subsoiling, with subsoiler, carry out the farming sowing integrated.
Described kind is chosen as and selects that strong drought resistance, tillering ability are strong, well developed root system, plant type is compact, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, cold resistance is good semiwinterness kind.
Described flat planting is the sowing of the line-spacings (20～22 centimetres) such as ridging not.Because the dry land wheat main direction is to increase in early days colony, the later stage increases the mu spike number, and flat planting can ensure enough seedlings, strain, fringe, grain number, than other planting patterns, can increase production 5% left and right, saves labor simultaneously.
Described collective control, for cultivating strong sprout, creates rational group structure, begins sowing in good time, and requires Basic Seedling every mu 120,000～160,000,6～7 of Before winter main stalk blades, and the winter before, total tiller is several 700,000～800,000, and spring, total tiller was several 800,000～1,000,000, mu spike number 500,000 left and right.Dry land wheat colony must be the structure of high yield and low cost, and in the main foreigner tourists index, key is that before the winter, colony is enough and not excessive, must control the winter before colony's development out of control, a little less than control prosperous urging, assist with chemical regulators and drought resisting evaporation-reducing agent resisting drought saving water.
Described utilization intertillage and suppression soil moisture conservation are taked precautions against drought as after the rain when early spring, soil returned slurry, in time draw hoe, particularly early spring and should adopt and uproot and pressure combines, and first suppress and draw afterwards hoe.Late growth stage, if there is taking off fertile phenomenon, carry out foliage spray according to condition.To do simultaneously wheatland " three is anti-" well, i.e. diseases prevention worm, anti-early ageing, anti-dry-hot wind.Dry land wheat is by the process of high-yield, and damage by disease and insect has the trend that increases the weight of, and must pay attention to carrying out diseases and pests controlling work.Wheat ripening stage, in time results.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: with deep placement morning of fertilizer, increased before the winter and prick under root system, increase root/shoot ratio, make root system fully absorb moisture and the nutrient of deep soil, adopt all capable flat plantings to increase dry land wheat colony, cultivate strong sprout, adopt rational population management strategy, the synchronous raising of the grain number per spike on the basis of large group and thousand kernel weight increases dry land wheat output; Not only reduced the risk that the wheat late growth stage need to wait rain to impose, and saved labor.
Embodiment
This embodiment adopts following cultivation method: fertilising-farming-kind selection-flat planting-collective control-utilization intertillage and suppression soil moisture conservation are taked precautions against drought.
Described fertilising is nonirrigated farmland general soil arid, and nutrient is few, and soil structure is bad, and the nonirrigated farmland lack of water is normal and soil is barren accompanies, and in fertilising, not only will meet this season volume increase needs, also will use sufficient the fertilizer culture fertility.The dry land wheat main direction is on the ground to increase tiller to increase fringe, and underground short deep layer root system development, fertilizer application will give prominence to early, dark characteristics.3000～5000 kilograms of general mu organic fertilizers, 16 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 12 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 8 kilograms of left and right of potassium oxide, 1 kilogram, zinc sulphate, 0.5～1 kilogram of borax.Institute's fertilise is entirely made base manure in conjunction with deep ploughing and is manured into soil, and to promote Wheat Seedling, nourishes and grows and tillers before the winter, increases the mu spike number.
Described farming, for by deep ploughing, to deepen plow layer, increases the amount of savings of topsoil to rainy season precipitation in the coming year, and enlarges the absorption region of root system, and tilling depth is advisable with 25～30 centimetres.Soil cultivation before the dry land wheat sowing, should not blindly deep plough.During general 2 years triple-croppings, just when winter slack, deep plough, shallow plowing before wheat cultivation.While doing, there was obvious tillage pan on the ground that soil moisture content is not better deep ploughed again for many years, should deep plough in 1 year two; Date of seeding arid, topsoil has the dangerous appropriate to the occasion shallow plowing of the loss of moisture.In the maize straw plot, should take the also mode in field of subsoiling, with subsoiler, carry out the farming sowing integrated.
Described kind is chosen as and selects that strong drought resistance, tillering ability are strong, well developed root system, plant type is compact, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, cold resistance is good semiwinterness kind.
Described flat planting is the sowing of the line-spacings (20～22 centimetres) such as ridging not.Because the dry land wheat main direction is to increase in early days colony, the later stage increases the mu spike number, and flat planting can ensure enough seedlings, strain, fringe, grain number, than other planting patterns, can increase production 5% left and right, saves labor simultaneously.
Described collective control, for cultivating strong sprout, creates rational group structure, begins sowing in good time, and requires Basic Seedling every mu 120,000～160,000,6～7 of Before winter main stalk blades, and the winter before, total tiller is several 700,000～800,000, and spring, total tiller was several 800,000～1,000,000, mu spike number 500,000 left and right.Dry land wheat colony must be the structure of high yield and low cost, and in the main foreigner tourists index, key is that before the winter, colony is enough and not excessive, must control the winter before colony's development out of control, a little less than control prosperous urging, assist with chemical regulators and drought resisting evaporation-reducing agent resisting drought saving water.
Described utilization intertillage and suppression soil moisture conservation are taked precautions against drought as after the rain when early spring, soil returned slurry, in time draw hoe, particularly early spring and should adopt and uproot and pressure combines, and first suppress and draw afterwards hoe.Late growth stage, if there is taking off fertile phenomenon, carry out foliage spray according to condition.To do simultaneously wheatland " three is anti-" well, i.e. diseases prevention worm, anti-early ageing, anti-dry-hot wind.Dry land wheat is by the process of high-yield, and damage by disease and insect has the trend that increases the weight of, and must pay attention to carrying out diseases and pests controlling work.Wheat ripening stage, in time results.
This embodiment increased before the winter and pricks under root system with deep placement morning of fertilizer, increase root/shoot ratio, make root system fully absorb moisture and the nutrient of deep soil, adopt all capable flat plantings to increase dry land wheat colony, cultivate strong sprout, adopt rational population management strategy, the synchronous raising of the grain number per spike on the basis of large group and thousand kernel weight increases dry land wheat output; Not only reduced the risk that the wheat late growth stage need to wait rain to impose, and saved labor.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the cultivation method of dry land wheat water saving high yield, it is characterized in that its cultivation method is: fertilising-farming-kind selections-flat planting-collective control-utilizations intertilled and suppressed to preserve soil moisture and take precautions against drought.
2. the cultivation method of dry land wheat according to claim 1 water saving high yield, it is characterized in that described fertilising is nonirrigated farmland general soil arid, nutrient is few, soil structure is bad, the nonirrigated farmland lack of water is normal and soil is barren accompanies, in fertilising, not only to meet this season volume increase needs, also will use sufficient the fertilizer culture fertility; The dry land wheat main direction is on the ground to increase tiller to increase fringe, and underground short deep layer root system development, fertilizer application will give prominence to early, dark characteristics; 3000～5000 kilograms of general mu organic fertilizers, 16 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 12 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 8 kilograms of left and right of potassium oxide, 1 kilogram, zinc sulphate, 0.5～1 kilogram of borax; Institute's fertilise is entirely made base manure in conjunction with deep ploughing and is manured into soil, and to promote Wheat Seedling, nourishes and grows and tillers before the winter, increases the mu spike number.
3. the cultivation method of dry land wheat according to claim 1 water saving high yield, it is characterized in that described farming is for to deepen plow layer by deep ploughing, increase the amount of savings of topsoil to rainy season precipitation in the coming year, and enlarge the absorption region of root system, tilling depth is advisable with 25～30 centimetres; Soil cultivation before the dry land wheat sowing, should not blindly deep plough; During general 2 years triple-croppings, just when winter slack, deep plough, shallow plowing before wheat cultivation; While doing, there was obvious tillage pan on the ground that soil moisture content is not better deep ploughed again for many years, should deep plough in 1 year two; Date of seeding arid, topsoil has the dangerous appropriate to the occasion shallow plowing of the loss of moisture; In the maize straw plot, should take the also mode in field of subsoiling, with subsoiler, carry out the farming sowing integrated.
4. the cultivation method of dry land wheat according to claim 1 water saving high yield, it is characterized in that described kind be chosen as select that strong drought resistance, tillering ability are strong, well developed root system, plant type is compact, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, cold resistance is good semiwinterness kind.
5. the cultivation method of dry land wheat according to claim 1 water saving high yield, is characterized in that described flat planting sows for line-spacings (20～22 centimetres) such as ridgings not; Because the dry land wheat main direction is to increase in early days colony, the later stage increases the mu spike number, and flat planting can ensure enough seedlings, strain, fringe, grain number, than other planting patterns, can increase production 5% left and right, saves labor simultaneously.
6. the cultivation method of dry land wheat according to claim 1 water saving high yield, it is characterized in that described collective control is for cultivating strong sprout, create rational group structure, begin sowing in good time, require Basic Seedling every mu 120,000～160,000,6～7 of Before winter main stalk blades, total tiller several 700,000～800,000 before the winter, spring, total tiller was several 800,000～1,000,000, mu spike number 500,000 left and right; Dry land wheat colony must be the structure of high yield and low cost, and in the main foreigner tourists index, key is that before the winter, colony is enough and not excessive, must control the winter before colony's development out of control, a little less than control prosperous urging, assist with chemical regulators and drought resisting evaporation-reducing agent resisting drought saving water.
7. the cultivation method of dry land wheat according to claim 1 water saving high yield, it is characterized in that described utilization intertillage and suppression soil moisture conservation take precautions against drought as after the rain when early spring, soil returned slurry, in time draw hoe, particularly early spring and should adopt hoe and pressure to combine, first suppress and draw afterwards hoe; Late growth stage, if there is taking off fertile phenomenon, carry out foliage spray according to condition; To do simultaneously wheatland " three is anti-" well, i.e. diseases prevention worm, anti-early ageing, anti-dry-hot wind; Dry land wheat is by the process of high-yield, and damage by disease and insect has the trend that increases the weight of, and must pay attention to carrying out diseases and pests controlling work; Wheat ripening stage, in time results.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN104186156A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-12-10 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Winter wheat high-yield cultivation fertilizing method considering environment capacity in moisture soil region of north Henan province |
| CN104350991A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-18 | 安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司 | Semi-no-tillage machine ditching and broadcast sowing cultivation method of wheat following rice |
| CN104705042A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-06-17 | 汤化昌 | Standard cultivation method of Lianmai 5 |
| CN108271637A (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2018-07-13 | 河南科技学院 | Water-saving and high-yield cultivation method for dry land wheat |
| CN110041120A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-23 | 河南农业大学 | Wheat resistance and high-yielding nutrient solution and its application |
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| CN103168596A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-26 | 青岛农业大学 | Sowing high-yield cultivation method for wheat in arid land |
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Application publication date: 20131120 |