CN103766181A - Method for improving plumpness of direct-sowing rice grains through exogenous hormones and growth regulator - Google Patents
Method for improving plumpness of direct-sowing rice grains through exogenous hormones and growth regulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103766181A CN103766181A CN201210394941.9A CN201210394941A CN103766181A CN 103766181 A CN103766181 A CN 103766181A CN 201210394941 A CN201210394941 A CN 201210394941A CN 103766181 A CN103766181 A CN 103766181A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the plumpness of direct-sowing rice grains through exogenous hormones and a growth regulator. The exogenous hormones ABA and Spm and monopotassium phosphate of the plant growth regulator are applied to the direct-sowing rice directly to improve the plumpness of the direct-sowing rice grains. The ABA or the Spm is sprayed in the early period of grouting of the direct-sowing rice, namely 9 days after flowering, and accordingly the corresponding endogenous hormone level can be significantly improved, the plumpness of the grains can be promoted, and the maturing rate, the plumpness of the grains and the thousand seed weight can be significantly improved, wherein the concentration of the ABA is 25 x 10-6 M and the concentration of the Spm is 5 x 10-4 M. The 500 g per mu of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed in the poured 3 leaf stage of the direct-sowing rice and accordingly the maturing rate, the plumpness and the thousand seed weight can be significantly improved and the yield can be improved by more than 10%. Accordingly, the plumpness of the rice grains can be significantly improved due to the fact that the suitable exogenous hormones and growth regulator are utilized in the suitable using period, the risk of the grouting of the direct-sowing rice grains can be avoided, the yield of the direct-sowing rice can be improved, the rice quality can be improved, and the production development of the direct-sowing rice can be promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that improves Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling, especially improve the method for Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling by chemical regulation measure.
Background technology
Along with the propelling of process of industrialization, the development of a large amount of transfers of rural laborer, the raising of Agricultural Mechanization Degree, agriculture input and the seed selection of kipeming high yield kind success, rice direct-seeding cultivation has presented irreversible development trend.Direct seading rice has saving of labor, laborsaving, economic benefit advantages of higher, has worldwide obtained increasing promotion and application.
20th century 50, the sixties, northern China is live kind of rice once, and the seventies, area once reached 1,500,000 mu; After the nineties, rice direct-seeding rises again as simplifying planting type.More than 450 ten thousand mu of Zhejiang Province's directly seeding rices in 2000; More than 270 ten thousand mu of Shanghai City directly seeding rices, account for the more than 90% of Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area.The regional double cropping early rice such as Hunan, Jiangxi in recent years direct-seeding planting area rises very fast.China's directly seeding rice area ratio has exceeded 15% at present.Start directly seeding rice research the sixties 20th century of Jiangsu and plant experimentally.The eighties in 20th century, Jiangsu directly seeding rice area expands year by year.Since particularly entering 21 century, growth momentum is swift and violent.The whole province's directly seeding rice area develops into 1,097 ten thousand mu in 2008 from 2,700,000 mu in 2004, account for the more than 30% of the whole province's Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area, keeps at present powerful growth momentum.The ground directly seeding rices such as economically developed river, Zhejiang, Shanghai are rapid ascendant trend, have represented good development prospect.
But compared with transplanting rice, Direct-seeding Rice is due to the postponement of date of seeding, and breeding time (particularly productive phase), the change of warm optical condition showed some different fertility features.Main manifestations is to shorten vegetative growth phase, productive phase temperature light resources decline, cause the lability of ripening rate, different cultivars between different years or between same annual different regions ripening rate fluctuated, even rise and fall sharply and quickly.
There are some researches show, the ripening rate of paddy rice is mainly subject to the impact of temperature and illumination between Rice Flowering productive phase.The main component of rice is endosperm (accounts for brown rice heavy 90%).The growth of endosperm and substantial situation have not only determined the weight of seed, and left and right the quality of rice.Therefore the quality of Grain Filling directly affects the yield and quality of paddy rice.Due to the lability of Direct-seeding Rice fecundity, Climate Fluctuations is frequent during the flowering of South Rice Region of China Rice Heading and Grain Filling in recent years in addition, and extensive on cultivation management in addition, has had a strong impact on the performance of Direct-seeding Rice advantage.
Due to coercing of light, warm ecological factor, cause the lability of Direct-seeding Rice fecundity, and then affect its yield and quality.Though the neat seedling of the full stand of Direct-seeding Rice, resistant to lodging, weeding and the aspect such as agricultural machinery and agronomy supplementary measures were studied in the past.But little about the mechanism research of Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling, the research that improves the chemical regulation method of Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling is almost blank.
The present invention mainly develops: (1) exogenous hormone and the growth regulating conditioning agent physiological mechanism to the regulation and control of Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling; (2) exogenous hormone and growth regulating conditioning agent use age and using dosage; (3) exogenous hormone and growth regulating conditioning agent improve the effect of Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling.
Existing research shows, paddy rice endogenous hormones or growth regulatory substance-there is substantial connection with endogenous hormones metabolism Some Related Enzymes, endosperm development and sucrose-starch metabolism pathway key enzymic activity-Grain Filling process.By seeking by regulation and control hormonal readiness, promoting substance operation to improve Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling.
According to our observation and analysis, improve the stability of Direct-seeding Rice ripening rate and must set about from improving seed fertilization rate and circularity two aspects.We also find in research: filling rate height and the good kind of Grain Filling, and in grouting weak tendency grain in early stage, the activity of enzyme is high, and peak value is also high; General Grain Filling is good, the heavy high kind of grain, the peak value of ABA content and enliven that the average content of pustulation period is poor higher than Grain Filling, kind or the combination of grain heavy and light in seed; The Ethylene Production Rate of weak tendency grain is higher than surging grain, and the poor combination of Grain Filling is higher than the good combination of Grain Filling.Growth regulator Direct-seeding Rice has obvious regulating action to Grain Filling.This provides feasible basis for this invention.
Summary of the invention
On the basis of transplanting rice research in the past, the present invention is under rice direct-seeding condition, the impact on Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling by external source (spraying) ABA and Spm, and invention exogenous hormone improves the approaches and methods of Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling.By the impact of growth regulator confrontation Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling, invention growth regulatory substance improves the approaches and methods of Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling.Determine that plant hormone and growth regulating conditioning agent improve optimum quantum of utilization and optimal application period of Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling, thereby reach the object that improves Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling, and then improve the yield and quality of Direct-seeding Rice.
Technical scheme of the present invention
According to the process of growing of Direct-seeding Rice, measure paddy rice process in age.Always execute N amount 20kg/ mu, superphosphate 20kg/ mu.Different disposal is set.
(1) exogenous hormone spraying test: after spend 9d, 16d, 23d to process spike of rice respectively spraying concentration be 15 × 10-6M ABA, 25 × 10-6M ABA and 5 × 10-4M Spm, 10 × 10-4M Spm, take spray clear water as contrast, measure grain plumpness, Export percentage of stem and sheath matter and conversion ratio, kernel grouting characteristic parameter; (2) fall 1, fall 2, fall every mu of 3 leaf phase and spray respectively potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g, 500g in paddy rice, to spray clear water as contrast, measure grain plumpness, Export percentage of stem and sheath matter and conversion ratio, kernel grouting characteristic parameter; (3) relatively exogenous hormone and growth regulating conditioning agent improve Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling optimum quantum of utilization and optimal application period.
Advantage of the present invention
In Kernel, exogenous hormone and growth regulatory substance are considered to a crucial regulatory factor, participate in the adjusting of the whole process of Grain Filling, show the theoretical foundation to the direct or indirect regulating and controlling effect of Substance Transformation, respiratory metabolism, Conversion of Energy and related enzyme activity in Grain Filling Process.Show in conjunction with much research, the hormones such as auximone in the growth course of seed (IAA), gibberellin (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA) have growth regulating effect.In the Grain Filling of Rice phase, compare with enriching poor granule, in the heavy high seed of grain, there is higher abscisic acid (ABA) content.In earlier stage, in seed, the content of ABA and kernel filling rate exist obvious positive correlation in wheat seed grouting, and rice grain enriches bad with lower in the seed IAA Research foundation relevant with ABA content.Adopt hormon type and growth regulator to carry out the test of different times, various dose, screening optimum quantum of utilization and use age, reach the object that improves Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling, and then improve the yield and quality of Direct-seeding Rice, promote the development that Direct-seeding Rice is produced.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
2010, in Xia Qiao village, Yangzhou bayhead town, Jiangsu Province, 5 mu " Huaihe River rice 13 ", " raising round-grained rice 4038 " are set, under June 15 live condition, normally carry out rich water quality management.After spend 9d, 16d, 23d to process spike of rice respectively spraying concentration be 15 × 10-6M ABA, 25 × 10-6MABA and 5 × 10-4M Spm, 10 × 10-4M Spm, to spray clear water as contrast.
Spraying concentration is the processing of 25 × 10-6M ABA, show that Early filling stage (spending rear 9d) uses after Exogenous ABA, ABA content in seed and ABA contrast (processing of spray clear water) and enlarge markedly (table 1) with the ratio of GA, show that Exogenous ABA has regulating action to endogenous aba content and with the ratio of GA.
Table 1 Exogenous ABA on ABA content (nggrain1) in seed and with the impact of GA ratio
The impact of table 2 external source Spm on endogenous Spm content (nmo1grain-1) in seed
In table, data are the mean value of spending rear 12d and 20d to measure.
Early filling stage is used after Spm, and in seed, endogenous Spm content all has increase in various degree, but surging grain increase is less, and the increase of weak tendency grain is more.The difference of strong and weak gesture grain to exogenous spermine reaction, relevant with Endogenous Polyamine Content in strong and weak gesture grain.Endogenous Polyamine Content in surging grain is higher, more blunt to the reaction of Exogenous Polyamine; Endogenous Polyamine Content in weak tendency grain is low, to Exogenous Polyamine reaction responsive (table 2).
Early filling stage (spending rear 9d) sprays Exogenous ABA (25 × 10-6M) and Spm (5 × 10-4M Spm) ripening rate, grain plumpness and thousand kernel weight all contrast and significantly improve (table 3), shows that Exogenous ABA and Spm are improved effect solid and promotion Grain Filling.
Table 3 Exogenous ABA and Spm are on Grain Filling and the heavy impact of grain
Embodiment 2:
2011, in Xia Qiao village, Yangzhou bayhead town, Jiangsu Province, 5 mu " Huaihe River rice 13 ", " raising round-grained rice 4038 " are set, under June 15 live condition, according to the process of growing of Direct-seeding Rice, measure paddy rice process in age.Always execute N amount 20kg/ mu, superphosphate 20kg/ mu.Fall 1, fall 2, fall every mu of 3 leaf phase and spray respectively potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g, 500g in paddy rice, to spray clear water as contrast.
Result of implementation shows, sprays respectively the processing of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500g, best results to fall every mu of 3 leaf phase.Huaihe River rice 13 and raise the average ripening rate of round-grained rice 4038, circularity and thousand kernel weight respectively contrast improved 5.4 percentage points, 4.2 percentage points and 1.32 grams, output has improved 11.02%.Huaihe River rice 13 and raise 634.5 kgs/acre and 659.8 kgs/acre of the paid per unit area yields of round-grained rice 4038.
Claims (3)
1. a method of utilizing exogenous hormone and growth regulator to improve Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling.It is characterized in that: utilize exogenous hormone ABA, Spm and plant growth regulating substance potassium dihydrogen phosphate, on direct seading rice, apply, be intended to improve Direct-seeding Rice Grain Filling.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: be that 25 × 10-6MABA or concentration are 5 × 10-4M Spm at Direct-seeding Rice Early filling stage (spending rear 9d) spraying concentration, can significantly improve corresponding Endogenous Hormones, promote Grain Filling, significantly improve ripening rate, grain plumpness and thousand kernel weight.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: fall every mu of 3 leaf phase in Direct-seeding Rice and spray respectively potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500g, ripening rate, circularity and thousand kernel weight significantly improve.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104872180A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-09-02 | 扬州大学 | Rice and wheat grain filling accelerant and preparation method thereof |
| CN105393816A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for promoting milking of saline and alkaline land rice through exogenous cytokinin |
| CN108235853A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-07-03 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of fertilizing method for improving Panicle Weight in Rice |
| CN108271559A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-13 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | The solid method of soapberry infructescence is improved using abscisic acid flower thinning |
-
2012
- 2012-10-18 CN CN201210394941.9A patent/CN103766181A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (5)
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| 杜彦修等: "《外源激素对水稻籽粒充实度和品质的影响》", 《河南农业科学》 * |
| 杨建昌等: "《水稻籽粒中内源多胺及其与籽粒充实和粒重的关系》", 《作物学报》 * |
| 董明辉等: "《外源 ABA 和 GA 对水稻不同粒位籽粒主要米质性状的影响 》", 《作物学报》 * |
| 赵步洪等: "《两系杂交稻籽粒充实不良的成因及其与激素含量的关系》", 《中国农业科学》 * |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104872180A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-09-02 | 扬州大学 | Rice and wheat grain filling accelerant and preparation method thereof |
| CN104872180B (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2017-09-05 | 扬州大学 | A kind of paddy rice and wheat seed enrich accelerator and its compound method |
| CN105393816A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for promoting milking of saline and alkaline land rice through exogenous cytokinin |
| CN108235853A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-07-03 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of fertilizing method for improving Panicle Weight in Rice |
| CN108271559A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-13 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | The solid method of soapberry infructescence is improved using abscisic acid flower thinning |
| CN108271559B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2020-12-22 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Method for improving fruity fruiting of soapberry by using abscisic acid to thinning flowers |
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Application publication date: 20140507 |