CN108271559B - Method for improving fruity fruiting of soapberry by using abscisic acid to thinning flowers - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving sapindus fruitage fructification by using abscisic acid for flower thinning. The solution containing abscisic acid with different concentrations is sprayed in the flowering phase, so that the flower thinning effect can be achieved, and the fruity fruiting of the soapberry can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-yield cultivation of economic forests. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for improving soapberry infructescence fructification by using abscisic acid for flower thinning.
Background
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn is a traditional important greening tree species in the south of the Yangtze river in China, and the fruit peel of the Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn is rich in saponin and the kernel of the Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn is an important chemical raw material and biomass energy tree species. In the prior art, the sapindus mukorossi has large flower amount, but low fruit setting rate and serious fruit drop phenomenon, reports on the flowering dynamic state, fruit development and fruit drop rule of sapindus mukorossi are provided, but few researches on the fruit-sequence fructification rate of sapindus mukorossi are provided. The fruit bearing rate of the sapindus mukorossi is improved, the fruit yield of the sapindus mukorossi can be effectively improved, and a material foundation is laid for the healthy development of the cultivation industry of the sapindus mukorossi raw material forest for fruits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the fruit set fructification of sapindus mukorossi by thinning flowers with abscisic acid, which can effectively improve the fruit set fructification rate of sapindus mukorossi.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving fruity fruiting of soapberry by using abscisic acid to flower thinning comprises spraying an exogenous substance in the flowering phase of soapberry, wherein the exogenous substance is a solution containing abscisic acid.
The method for improving the fruity fruiting of the soapberry by using abscisic acid for thinning flowers comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the initial flowering phase;
(2) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the full-bloom stage;
(3) and spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the terminal flowering period.
According to the method for improving the fruity fruiting of the soapberry by using abscisic acid for thinning flowers, in the steps (1) to (3), the leaves on the current-year branches where the inflorescences are located are sprayed.
The method for improving the fruity fruiting of the soapberry by thinning flowers with the abscisic acid has the concentration of the abscisic acid solution of 1mg/kg-100 mg/kg.
The method for improving soapberry infructescence fructification by using abscisic acid for thinning flowers comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying bud exogenous substances in the initial bud period;
(2) spraying bud exogenous substances in the bud expansion period;
(3) spraying bud exogenous substances in the bud blooming period;
(4) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the initial flowering phase;
(5) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the full-bloom stage;
(6) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the terminal flowering phase;
in the steps (4) to (6), the exogenous substances are solutions containing abscisic acid, and the concentration of the solutions containing abscisic acid is 1mg/kg-100 mg/kg.
According to the method for improving the fruity fruiting of the soapberry by using abscisic acid for thinning flowers, in the steps (1) to (6), buds and leaves on current-year branches where the inflorescences are located are sprayed.
The method for improving the fruity fruiting of the soapberry by using abscisic acid for thinning flowers comprises the following steps of (1): the sprayed exogenous substance is a mixed solution of gibberellin, abscisic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; in step (2): the sprayed exogenous substance is a mixed solution of spermine and cytokinin; in step (3): the sprayed exogenous substance is a mixed solution of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and borax.
According to the method for improving soapberry infructescence fructification by using abscisic acid for thinning flowers, gibberellin is mixed with a mixed solution of gibberellin, abscisic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the concentration of gibberellin is as follows: 5-100mg/kg, the concentration of abscisic acid is as follows: 5-100mg/kg, and the concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is as follows: 0.5-10 g/kg.
According to the method for improving soapberry infructescence fructification by using abscisic acid for flower thinning, in a mixed solution of spermine and cytokinin, the concentration of spermine is as follows: 0.5-10mL/L, the concentration of cytokinin is: 5-100 mg/kg.
In the method for improving soapberry infructescence fructification by using abscisic acid for flower thinning, the concentration of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid in the mixed solution of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and borax is as follows: 5-100mg/kg, and the concentration of borax is as follows: 0.5-10 g/kg.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the fruit set fructification of the soapberry can be obviously improved by spraying abscisic acid with different concentrations in the flowering phase, and the abscisic acid can play a flower thinning role.
(2) Abscisic acid can resist cell division, and promote organ aging and abscission. Sapindus mukurossi inflorescences are generally large, and thousands of flowers grow in each inflorescence. The spraying of abscisic acid in the flowering period inhibits the continuous development of a part of flowers, plays a role in thinning flowers, avoids excessive consumption of nutrient substances, and improves the fruit set number.
(3) By spraying exogenous substances in the bud period, the bud expansion period and the bud blooming period, the flowering time and the flowering proportion of fertile flowers and infertile flowers in the flower period are changed, and the fruitage fructification of the sapindus mukorossi can be further improved.
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The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 comparative analysis of the solidity of different concentrations of non-exogenous substances (concentration 1: 10mg/kg, 1g/kg or 1 mL/L; concentration 2: 30mg/kg, 3g/kg or 3 mL/L; concentration 3: 50mg/kg, 5g/kg or 5 mL/L).
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method for improving the fruity fruiting of the soapberry by using abscisic acid for thinning flowers comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the initial flowering phase;
(2) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the full-bloom stage;
(3) and spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the terminal flowering period.
1. Materials and methods
The test site is located in soapberry base of spring agriculture and forestry development Limited company in Tiantai county of Zhejiang province. The healthy individual plant of 7-year-old soapberry is selected, the growth conditions are basically consistent, and the habitats are similar.
In the bud stage, 35 well-growing single plants are selected, and 12 flowering branches are selected to be marked with tags on each single plant. 6 exogenous substances are selected in total, and each substance is designed with 3 concentration gradients; 3 concentrations of 1 exogenous substance are arranged on the same single plant, 3 inflorescences are sprayed at each concentration, 3 inflorescences are selected for each plant as blank control and are not sprayed, and each treatment is repeated for 5 times, namely 5 plants. When the monopotassium phosphate and the borax are used for treatment, besides the inflorescence, the leaves of the current-year branches where the inflorescence is located are sprayed. The specific treatment types and numbers are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 design of different exogenous species and concentration gradients
And (3) continuously spraying the inflorescence exogenous substances for 3 times in the beginning flowering phase, the full flowering phase and the end flowering phase respectively in the morning of sunny weather. The fruit set of each inflorescence treated with the exogenous material and the corresponding control inflorescences was investigated in detail 7 days after the end of the flowering period.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different concentrations of exogenous materials on solidity
2.1.1 Abscisic acid
As can be seen from Table 2, the difference in the effect of different concentrations of abscisic acid on the number of the fruity sequences of soapberry was not significant. The average number of processed results is 12.94 at most when 10mg/kg is processed, and the average gain is 1.97 at most; the number of the fruits after 30mg/kg and 50mg/kg treatment is 12.33 and 12.63 respectively, which are higher than that of the control 4.35, and the average gain is 1.83 and 1.90 respectively.
TABLE 2 analysis of variance of treatment of different concentrations of abscisic acid on the number of soapberry knots
TABLE 3 Soapnut setting after different concentrations of abscisic acid treatment
Abscisic acid can resist cell division, and promote organ aging and abscission. Sapindus mukurossi inflorescences are generally large, and thousands of flowers grow in each inflorescence. Probably because of the spraying of the abscisic acid in the flowering period, the continuous development of a part of flowers is inhibited, the flower thinning effect is achieved, and the excessive consumption of nutrient substances is avoided, so that the fruit set number is increased.
2.1.2 cytokinin (6-BA)
As can be seen from Table 4, the effect of the treatment of different concentrations of 6-BA on the real number of the soapberry knots is not significantly different. The treatment effect of 50mg/kg is the best, the average number of knots is 29.36, and the average gain is 0.58; the treatment of 30mg/kg can also improve the fruit sequence real number of the soapberry, the average real number is 24.96, and the average gain is 0.34; while the number of fruiting in 10mg/kg treated was 17.74 on average, lower than the control 18.60 (Table 5).
TABLE 46-analysis of variance of Sapindus knot real number by different concentration treatments
TABLE 56-BA seed setting of Sapindus after treatment at different concentrations
2.1.34 Chlorobenzeneoxyacetic acid
As can be seen from Table 6, the effect of different concentrations of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on the fruit sequence number of soapberry is not significant. As can be seen from Table 7, the results were improved by 10mg/kg and 50mg/kg treatments, the average gains were 0.42 and 0.77, respectively, while the results were not improved by 30mg/kg treatments, the average result was 17.61, which is lower than the control 18.68.
TABLE 64 analysis of variance of treatment of different concentrations of chlorophenoxyacetic acid on the real number of soapberry knots
TABLE 74 Sowthistle status of Sapindus after treatment with chlorophenoxyacetic acid of different concentrations
2.1.4 gibberellins
Gibberellin treatment at different concentrations had no significant effect on the number of fruity orders of soapberry (Table 8), and each treatment was not conducive to increasing the number of fruity orders (Table 9).
TABLE 8 analysis of variance of sapindus with different concentrations of gibberellin treatment
TABLE 9 Soapnut setting after treatment with gibberellins at different concentrations
2.1.5 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
As can be seen from table 14, the effect of the treatment with different concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the number of fruity sequences of sapindus mukorossi was not significantly different. The treatment of three concentrations of 1g/kg, 3g/kg and 5g/kg can improve the number of fruiting bodies, and the average number of fruiting bodies is 16.39, 114.20 and 17.92 respectively, which is 9 higher than the number of comparison. Among them, the treatment effect was most excellent at 5g/kg, and the average gain was 0.99 (Table 15).
TABLE 14 analysis of variance of soapberry knot real number with different concentrations of monopotassium phosphate treatment
TABLE 15 Soapnut fructification of treated different concentrations of monopotassium phosphate
2.1.6 Borax
As can be seen from Table 16, the effect of borax treatment at different concentrations on the number of fruity sequences of soapberry was not significantly different. The three concentrations of 1g/kg, 3g/kg and 5g/kg are all used for improving the fruit sequence real number of the soapberry, the average fruit sequence real number is respectively 8.56, 10.40 and 8.96, the average gain is respectively 0.24, 0.51 and 0.29, and the best treatment effect is seen at the concentration of 3 g/kg.
TABLE 16 analysis of variance of soapberry fruit number by different borax concentration treatments
TABLE 17 Soapnut fructification status after different borax concentrations treatment
2.2 comparison of the Effect of different concentrations of exogenous materials on the number of fruity pieces of Sapindus mukorossi
As can be seen from the figure 1, different exogenous substance treatments have different influences on the fruit number of the soapberry, the treatment of abscisic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax with certain concentrations can effectively improve the fruit number of the soapberry, the gibberellin treatment cannot promote fruit setting, and the treatment of 10mg/kg of 6-BA and 30mg/kg of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid is not beneficial to the fruit setting of the soapberry. The average gain of the abscisic acid treatment for improving the fruity fruiting of the soapberry is relatively large, and the highest gain can reach 1.97.
3 conclusion and discussion
The result shows that gibberellin is not beneficial to fruit setting of the infructescence when the sapindus are sprayed in the flowering phase, and the abscisic acid with a certain concentration can be sprayed to effectively improve the fruiting number of the infructescence of the sapindus, wherein the abscisic acid with the concentration of 10mg/Kg has the best treatment effect, and the average fruiting number gain of the infructescence reaches 1.97.
Example 2
The method for improving the fruity fruiting of the soapberry by using abscisic acid for thinning flowers comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying bud exogenous substances in the early bud stage, wherein the sprayed exogenous substances are mixed solution of gibberellin, abscisic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the concentration of the gibberellin is as follows: 50mg/kg, the concentration of abscisic acid is: 15mg/kg, the concentration of monopotassium phosphate is as follows: 8 g/kg;
(2) spraying a bud exogenous substance in a bud expansion period, wherein the sprayed exogenous substance is a mixed solution of spermine and cytokinin, and the concentration of the spermine is as follows: 10mL/L, cytokinin concentration: 50 mg/kg;
(3) spraying bud exogenous substances in the bud whitening period, wherein the sprayed exogenous substances are mixed solution of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and borax, and the concentration of the 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid is as follows: 50mg/kg, the concentration of borax is as follows: 10 g/kg;
(4) spraying an inflorescence exogenous substance in the initial flowering phase, wherein the exogenous substance is a spermidine solution with the concentration of 5 mL/L;
(5) spraying an inflorescence exogenous substance in a full-bloom stage, wherein the exogenous substance is a spermidine solution with the concentration of 5 mL/L;
(6) and spraying an inflorescence exogenous substance in the terminal flowering period, wherein the exogenous substance is a spermidine solution with the concentration of 5 mL/L.
The test site is located in soapberry base of spring agriculture and forestry development Limited company in Tiantai county of Zhejiang province. The healthy individual plant of 7-year-old soapberry is selected, the growth conditions are basically consistent, and the habitats are similar.
Selecting 10 individual plants with good growth vigor, selecting 12 flower branches on each individual plant to be marked with tags, wherein the number of flower buds sprayed with the exogenous substances on the same plant is equal to that of blank control flower buds not sprayed with the exogenous substances. In the steps (1) to (6), besides spraying the flower buds (or inflorescences), the leaf blades on the current-year branches where the flower buds (or inflorescences) are located are also sprayed.
And (4) in the morning of sunny weather, spraying the exogenous substances once according to the steps (1) to (6). At 7 days after the end of the flowering phase, the fruit setting of each bud (or inflorescence) treated with the exogenous material and the corresponding control bud (or inflorescence) was investigated in detail. After the treatment by the method of the embodiment, the average gain of the fruit set number is 4.3.
After the investigation and analysis of the flowers in the initial flowering phase, the full flowering phase and the final flowering phase, the following results are found: the spraying of exogenous substances in the bud period, the bud expansion period and the bud blooming period can influence the flowering time and the flowering proportion of the fertile flowers and the infertile flowers in the initial flowering period, the full flowering period and the terminal flowering period, particularly plays a role in increasing the proportion of the fertile flowers and the infertile flowers in the full flowering period, and improves the pollination rate of the fertile flowers, so that the real number of the inflorescence is greatly improved.
In a word, the types and the proportions of the exogenous substances required by the fruits at different growth and development stages are different, and the response sensitivities of the fruits to the various exogenous substances at different stages are also different. In addition, by spraying exogenous substances in the bud period, the bud expansion period and the bud whitening period, the flowering time and the flowering proportion of fertile flowers and infertile flowers in the flower period are changed, and the fruity fruiting of the soapberry can be further and greatly improved.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for improving soapberry infructescence fructification by using abscisic acid for thinning flowers is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) spraying bud exogenous substances in the initial bud period;
(2) spraying bud exogenous substances in the bud expansion period;
(3) spraying bud exogenous substances in the bud blooming period;
(4) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the initial flowering phase;
(5) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the full-bloom stage;
(6) spraying the exogenous substance of the inflorescence in the terminal flowering phase;
in the steps (1) to (6), spraying the buds and the leaves of the current-year branches where the inflorescences are located;
in the steps (4) to (6), the exogenous substances are solutions containing abscisic acid, and the concentration of the solutions containing abscisic acid is 1mg/kg-100 mg/kg; in step (1): the sprayed exogenous substance is a mixed solution of gibberellin, abscisic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; in step (2): the sprayed exogenous substance is a mixed solution of spermine and cytokinin; in step (3): the sprayed exogenous substance is a mixed solution of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and borax;
in the mixed solution of gibberellin, abscisic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the concentration of gibberellin is as follows: 5-100mg/kg, the concentration of abscisic acid is as follows: 5-100mg/kg, and the concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is as follows: 0.5-10 g/kg;
in the mixed solution of spermine and cytokinin, the concentration of spermine is as follows: 0.5-10mL/L, the concentration of cytokinin is: 5-100 mg/kg;
in the mixed solution of the 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and the borax, the concentration of the 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid is as follows: 5-100mg/kg, and the concentration of borax is as follows: 0.5-10 g/kg.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU4930479A (en) * | 1978-07-28 | 1980-03-27 | Endowment And Research Foundation At Montana State University | Abscisic acid insect control |
| CN103766181A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-07 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Method for improving plumpness of direct-sowing rice grains through exogenous hormones and growth regulator |
| CN104542702A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 明光市红缨高粱种植专业合作社 | Preparation method of apple tree blossom and fruit thinning regulator |
| CN105165851A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-23 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for improving pot setting rate of soybean plants by using exogenous substance |
| CN106982661A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of flower and fruit thinning method of citrus |
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