CN101836534A - Crops-fertilizing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a crops-fertilizing method, which comprises the following: (1) a step of calculating the soil productivity according to the type of to-be-fertilized land through a formula which is first-season soil productivity plus second-season soil productivity equals soil productivity, (2) a step of formulating a pre-production plan, determining target yield and determining fertilization amount according to fertility needed by the target yield, wherein calculation formulas of fertilization amount are: the total amount of chemical fertilizer needed by the target yield minus soil productivity equals fertilization amount, and target yield which is divided by 100 and then multiplied by absorption amount per 50 kg is the total amount of chemical fertilizer needed by the target yield; and (3) a step of fertilizing, which is to fertilize the land according to the fertilization amount figured out. The fertilizing method does not need to measure soil, formulates the pre-production plan according to the own growing environment of crops and the growth characteristics of the crops, calculates the soil productivity, formulates a fertilizing plan, and then performs fertilization, thereby having the advantages of high benefit, low input, high output and the like and corresponding with the demand of farmers, and popularization and application are suggested.

Description

The fertilizing method of a kind of crops

Technical field

The present invention relates to the fertilizing method of a kind of crops.

Background technology

Current, China has a large population and a few land, reach self-sufficiency, to solve the task of eating and drinking to one's heart's content heavy, one of them very important reasons be exactly that fertilizer practice falls behind, blindly fertilising, cause that the crops benefit is low, product are shoddy, more can not make full use of, excavate land resources, influenced the quick raising of living standard and the develop rapidly of national strength.

At present, crops fertilising ubiquity: the phenomenon of " fertilising is many in, not according to own soil fertility, receives disorderly comparation and assessment of back, and seed manure is true and false " is embodied in: the crop yield height of which peasant household, and just follow corresponding variety name, fertilizing method to run; Most peasant listens chemical fertilizer dealer's explanation, oneself can not judge, more can science not use; Because chemical fertilizer various in style, quality differs again, and this greatly reduces the enthusiasm that the peasant efficiently plants ground.

Summary of the invention

At above-mentioned prior art,, the invention provides simple and easy, the fertilizing method of crops accurately of a cover for overcoming fertilizer practice in the prior art and surveying many drawbacks that the soil prescription exists.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

The fertilizing method of a kind of crops may further comprise the steps:

(1) according to the land type that will execute kind, calculates the soil soil fertility: the soil fertility of soil fertility+second season of soil soil fertility=first season;

(2) formulate the pre-plan of producing, determine target output, and determine fertilizing amount that the computing formula of fertilizing amount is: the required chemical fertilizer total amount of fertilizing amount=target output-soil soil fertility according to the required fertility of target output;

The required chemical fertilizer total amount of target output=100 * hundred jin of absorptive amounts of target output ÷;

(3) fertilising: according to the fertilizing amount that aforementioned calculation is come out the soil is applied fertilizer, organic fertile amount of application is 30%～70% of a fertilizing amount, and the amount of application of inorganic fertilizer is 30%～70% of a fertilizing amount.

The calculating of described soil soil fertility is as follows in detail:

One, the notion of soil soil fertility: refer to before this season plantation crop fertilization the quantity of the nitrogen that has existed in the soil, phosphorus, potash fertilizer.

Two, the scope of soil soil fertility existence: exist the quantity Calculation scope to be: two seasons, the first season and the second seasons before this season plantation.

Refer to the first season: the crop of being planted before this season kind plant.

Refer to the second season: the crop that planted before the kind plant first season.

For example: the wheat of kind-kind corn-preparation grow cotton, so: preparing to grow cotton is this season; The corn of planting is the first season (if output is received 1000 jin/mu, using below); The wheat of planting is the second season (if output is received 900 jin/mu, using below).

Three, the computational methods of soil soil fertility: computing formula is as follows:

The soil fertility of soil fertility+second season of soil soil fertility=first season.

Be present in nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer in the soil first season, comprise following five aspects (be five aspects add and):

(1) balance fertilizing residual absorption quantity.

(2) whether chemical fertilizer is executed and residual absorption quantity partially.

(3) quantity that from crop root, can absorb.

Residual absorption quantity such as the farmyard manure of (4) using, fertilizer.

(5) the residual absorption quantity of other fertilizer.

Be present in nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer in the soil second season, comprise following two aspects:

(1) quantity that from crop root, can absorb.

(2) go back its contained absorbent quantity of field stalk.

Specifically be calculated as follows:

(1) soil fertility of the first season: existed the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium to calculate in the soil from following five aspects:

1, balance fertilizing, be meant according to crop should absorbed nitrogen, the total amount of phosphorus, potassium, remove and had in the soil, according to the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the organic and inorganic fertilizer, arrange requirement again.Balance fertilizing residual absorption quantity: computing formula is:

Certain element residual absorption (jin)=mu is received output * hundred jin absorptive amount * residue percentage.

(1) different soil properties, the absorption ratio of fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, residual absorption rate difference, simple and easy classification is generally grasped as follows respectively: red soil, brown earth, cinnamon soil are 60%, 40% of pure content; Sandy loam is 50% of a pure content; The nitrogen in saline land, potassium are 60%, 40% of pure content, and phosphorus is 20-60%, the 20%-40% of pure content.To distinguish according to character, the fertilizing method of chemical fertilizer.

For example: carbonic hydroammonium is volatile, and superphosphate part indissoluble absorption ratio is low.

(2) absorption ratio of farmyard manure, fertilizer:

According to the application process of current peasant to farmyard manure, fertilizer, the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is as follows:

The first season: nitrogen 20%, phosphorus 20%, potassium 55%;

The second season: nitrogen 80%, phosphorus 20%, potassium 45%;

What notes spread fertilizer over the fields is zero.

(3) crops straw, root system:

Root system: the first season: nitrogen 20%, phosphorus 20%, potassium 55%;

The second season: nitrogen 80%, phosphorus 20%, potassium 45%;

Stalk: the first season: nitrogen 0, phosphorus 0, potassium 0 (because of not corruption);

The second season: nitrogen 20%, phosphorus 20%, potassium 55%;

The third quarter: nitrogen 80%, phosphorus 20%, potassium 45%;

Annotate: according to the nutrient theory of returns of Germanization scholar Li Bixi, the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is arranged in the stalk third quarter: among the quantity of the remaining nitrogen of balance fertilizing that calculates before the crop-planting, phosphorus, potassium.

For example: red soil fertilizer absorption ratio 60%, residual absorption rate are 40%.Produce 1000 jin of corns the first season, produce hundred jin of Maize Absorption nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and be respectively 2.5,0.9,2.1 jin, so residual absorption: nitrogen (N)=1000 * 2.5 * 40%=10 (jin) phosphorus (P)=1000 * 0.9 * 40%=3.6 (jin) potassium (K)=1000 * 2.1 * 40%=8.4 (jin).

2, execute (surplus) fertilizer partially, the macroelement nitrogen of residual absorption, phosphorus, potassium, whether chemical fertilizer is executed and residual absorption quantity partially, refers to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium outside the balance absorption quantity.Computing formula: A=(B+C+D)-E; Wherein,

A: the macroelement quantity of superfluous (executing partially).

B: the quantity that this season fertilising should absorb.

C: preceding two season crop stalk, root system, fertilizer in the normal quantity that discharges.

D: before this season crop-planting first season balance fertilizing volume residual.

E: the quantity of this season crop actual production absorption.

For example: 2006: receive 1000 jin/mu of wheats summer, stalk is field also, and this season spreads during grow wheat: two ammoniums (64%) jin/mu, 2 cubic metres/mu of farmyard manure cow dungs; Chase after (46%) 50 jin/mu in urea; Autumn, the kind corn chased after 50 jin/mu in urea, 1000 jin/mu of output.

Spread during autumn planting wheat in 2006: 50 jin of two ammoniums, 2 cubic metres of farmers''s cow dungs; Chase after 50 jin in urea, receive 1000 jin/mu of wheats, output is controlled on nitrogen, the potassium, phosphate fertilizer is many, has used the absorption aspect of next crop in season.Using the superfluous quantity of phosphate fertilizer is:

(64%) 50 jin of (1) two ammonium, phosphorous 23 jin; 2 cubic metres of farmers''s cow dungs decomposite 0.88 jin in the phosphorus of absorption.

(2) produce 1000 jin of corns the first season before this season crop-planting, and the volume residual of balance fertilizing phosphorus is 1000 * 0.9 * 40%=3.6 jin, decomposites the phosphorus that can absorb in the maize root system: 1000 ÷ 3 * 1.4 (hundred jin contain) * 0.2%=0.93 jin.

(3) second season before this season grow wheat, the root system that produces 1000 jin of wheats decomposites the phosphorus that can absorb: 1000 ÷ 3 * 0.2 (hundred jin contain) * (100%-20%) * 0.2%=0.11 (jin).

(4) this season 1000 jin of wheat yields, 12 jin in actual absorption phosphorus.

So, superfluous (executing partially) phosphorus (A)=B+C+D-E=1+2+3-4=23+0.88+3.6+0.93+0.11-12=16.52 is used for the crop absorption of following season.

Annotate: after having executed many nitrogenous fertilizer partially, it can not be present in the soil with inorganic states, stalk, the root system of formation crop.Nitrogen fertilizer absorption quantity shows too much that plant growth is prosperous excessively, excessive growth; Use and lacked control output.

3, the quantity that can absorb from crop root: computing formula is:

The absorption ratio of certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content * first season;

Annotate: the explanation of root system weight has introduction in the back.

For example: produce 1000 jin of corns the first season, maize straw, so, maize straw is 1000 jin, root system accounts for 1/3 of whole stalk, the weight of root system is that the nitrogenous phosphorus potassium of 3, hundred jin of root systems of 1000 ÷ is respectively 0.6 jin, 1.40 jin, 2.1 jin, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption ratio are respectively 20%, 20%, 55%.

From root system, absorb so: nitrogen (N)=1000 ÷ 3 * 0.6 * 20%=0.4 jin; Phosphorus (P)=1000 ÷ 3 * 1.40 * 20%=0.93 jin; Potassium (K)=1000 ÷ 3 * 2.1 * 55%=3.85 jin.

Annotate: the maize straw of the first season, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption ratio are " 0 ".

Residual absorption quantity such as the farmyard manure of 4, using, fertilizer: computing formula is:

The absorption ratio of certain element absorption (jin)=weight * hundred jin content * second season.

Annotate: the converting standard of bright farmyard manure: 1 cubic metre is 1000 jin, and content exists: the kind of table 2 farmyard manure, composition (%).

For example: 2.5 cubic metres of freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement absorb: nitrogen (N)=2500 * 1.63% * 80%=832.60 jin; Phosphorus (P)=2500 * 1.54% * 20%=7.7 jin; Potassium (K)=2500 * 0.85% * 45%=9.56 jin.

5, the residual absorption quantity computation method of other fertilizer is with reference to the explanation of fertilizer, again in conjunction with this technology.

(2) soil fertility of the second season: existed the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium to calculate in the soil from following two aspects:

1, the quantity that can absorb from crop root: computing formula is:

The absorption ratio of certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content * second season;

For example: the crop of second season plantation is a wheat, 900 jin of per mu yields, and the weight of root system is that 3, hundred jin of root systems of 900 ÷ are nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium are respectively 0.5 jin, 0.2 jin, 2.5 jin, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption ratio are respectively 80%, 20%, 45%.

Discharged a part first season, remaining can also the absorption: nitrogen (N)=900 ÷ 3 * 0.5 * 80%=1.2 (jin); Phosphorus (P)=900 ÷ 3 * 0.2 * (100%-20%) * 20%=0.1 (jin); Potassium (K)=900 ÷ 3 * 2.5 * 45%=3.38 (jin).

2, straw-returning, its contained absorbent quantity. absorption ratio is the second season: computing formula is:

The absorption ratio of certain element absorption (jin)=stalk weight * hundred jin content * second season;

For example: receive 900 jin of wheats, wheat strain weight is 900 jin, and stalk accounts for 2/3 of whole plant, and weight is 900 * 2/3, so, and absorption: nitrogen (N)=900 * 2/3 * 0.5 * 20%=0.6 (jin); Phosphorus (P)=900 * 2/3 * 0.2 * 20%=0.24 (jin); Potassium (K)=900 * 2/3 * 2.5 * 55%=8.25 (jin).

More than for example, if do not have application of organic fertilizers and fertilising balance when planting corn, so:

Nitrogen (N)=(10+0.4)+(1.2+0.6)=12.2 (jin);

Phosphorus (P)=(3.6+0.93)+(0.1+0.24)=4.8 (jin);

Potassium (K)=(8.4+3.85)+(3.38+8.25)=23.88 (jin).

It is as follows in detail that plan is produced in described formulation in advance:

At first explanation: this technology is the growth characteristic according to field crop wheat, corn, cotton, and current villager's planting habit, fertilization mode calculate.

1, formulate the pre-plan of producing:

Advance output absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total amount: formulate advance output plan according to the growth characteristic of kind of crop, yield potentiality, soil property, water source, climate characteristics etc., calculate the total amount that needs of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements, computing formula is:

Absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total amount (jin)=100 * hundred jin of absorptive amounts of advance output (jin) ÷;

(annotate: agriculture section counts family " fertilizer rationally uses new technology " Liu and likes democracy and compile Chinese agriculture publishing house and be published in " 14 " page.The quantity (kilogram) of the every production double centner of staple crops economic flow rate absorbed nitrogen phosphorus potassium)

For example: 700 jin of needs of advance unginned cotton absorb: nitrogen (N)=700 * 5=35 (jin); Phosphorus (P)=700 * 1.8=12.6 (jin); Potassium (K)=2: calculate 700 * 4=28 (jin).

2, calculate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total shortcoming quantity:

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium shortcoming quantity (jin)=advance output absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total amount (jin)-soil soil fertility (quantity that has had nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the soil).

Described fertilising is as follows in detail:

One, determines whether to enrich organic fertilizer.

Using the organic principle of grasping is: organic nitrogen: inorganic nitrogen=3: 7-7: 3, better economic benefits is all arranged in the scope.(annotate: the master of agricultural school, Huaiyin of national medium agricultural school teaching material " soil fertilizer science " second edition Jiangsu Province time, Chinese agriculture publishing house is published in " 123 " page)

At first calculate the organic nitrogen of having deposited in the soil and whether meet standard, it is present in the soil: in stalk, root system, farmyard manure, farmyard manure, cake, the fertilizer etc. and computational methods are as follows:

Always need organic nitrogen (jin)=advance output absorbed nitrogen (jin) ÷ 10 * (3 to 7);

Shortcoming organic nitrogen (jin)=always needs the organic nitrogen (jin) deposited in organic nitrogen (jin)-soil.

Press minimum scale 3:, and calculate corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption quantity if the fertile quantity shortcoming of 7 organic matters will be arranged the quantity of using of organic fertilizer earlier.

For example: introduce previously, this season is with the corn stubble of 1000 jin/mu of per mu yields, plant into cotton, advance 700 jin of/mu unginned cottons, so, amounting to needs to absorb: nitrogen (N)=700 * 5=35 (jin), yet: press organic nitrogen (N): inorganic nitrogen=3: 7-7: 3, press organic nitrogen (N) with minimum scale: inorganic nitrogen=3: 7, just need to absorb organic nitrogen (N) (jin)=35 ÷ 10 * 3=10.5 jin, owing to the organic nitrogen of having deposited in the soil: maize root system is: 1000 ÷, 3 * 0.6=2 jin); Wheat root is: 900 ÷, 3 * 0.5 * 0.8=1.2 (jin); Wheat stalk is: 900 ÷, 3 * 2 * 0.5=3 (jin); Amount to: 6.2 (jin).

Shortcoming organic nitrogen (jin)=always needs organic nitrogen (jin)=10.5-6.2=4.3 (jin) of having deposited in organic nitrogen (jin)-soil.

The organic nitrogenous fertilizer of being owed does not have in the man, but can buy cottonseed cake, presses nitrogenous 3.41 jin of per hundred jin of cottonseed cakes of table 3, and cottonseed cake needs quantity (jin)=4.3 ÷ 3.41=126.1 (jin) so.Wherein the quantity of Xi Shouing be (annotate: herein need not, below with): nitrogen (N)=126.1 * 3.41 (hundred jin contain) * 20%=0.86 (jin); Phosphorus (P)=126.1 * 1.63 (hundred jin contain) * 20%=0.41 (jin); Potassium (K)=126.1 * 0.97 (hundred jin contain) * 55%=0.67 (jin).Fertilizer is arranged inorganic fertilizer after satisfying again.

Determine whether to enrich organic fertile.Computing formula is as follows:

Always need organic nitrogen (jin)=advance output absorbed nitrogen (jin) ÷ 10 * (3 to 7);

Shortcoming organic nitrogen (jin)=always needs the organic nitrogen (jin) deposited in organic nitrogen (jin)-soil.

Calculate the therefrom quantity of absorbed nitrogen (N).

If desired, that at first arranges machine matter fertilizer uses classification, quantity, and calculates the therefrom quantity of absorbed nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K).If oneself possess the fertile lazy weight of machine matter, use classification and get final product at local arrangement.

Two, shortcoming absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium quantity from inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer)

Computing formula is as follows: the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption in the fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium shortcoming quantity (jin)=advance output absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total amount (jin)-soil soil fertility (quantity that has had nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the soil)-need enrich.

For example: advance 700 jin of unginned cottons of introducing previously, prepare also to owe nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium quantity that from inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer), should absorb with 126.1 jin of cottonseed cakes.Computational methods are: produce 700 jin of absorptive amounts-soil soil fertility-enrich cottonseed cake in advance and be respectively calculated as follows for inhaling:

Owe to inhale inorganic nitrogen (N)=35-12.2-0.86=21.94 (jin);

Owe to inhale Phos (P)=12.6-4.87-0.41=7.32 (jin);

Owe to inhale inorganic potassium (K)=28-23.88-0.67=3.45 (jin).

Three, determine the character of inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) and use (annotate: edit agriculture publishing house and publishes " 179 " page agricultural school, Changli, this first volume Hebei province, teaching material " soil fertilizer science " the on probation north, national medium agricultural school).

Crops normal growth, pH value scope are 6-7.5, whether avoid certain element, arrange to adapt to plant growth and the suitable inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) of ratio.

Four, the plan of using of inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer)

1, the character of judging inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) is used classification

At first, determine to use the chemical fertilizer of which kind of character according to the growth characteristic of soil property, crop.

For example: tealeaves needs highly acid, should select acid chemical fertilizer; The alkaline land cotton emergence rate is low, should execute acidic fertilizier (as: superphosphate), plays acid-base neutralization, improves the emergence rate of cotton; Fear-chlorion crop can not be used potassium chloride etc.

2,, determine to use classification according to chemical fertilizer content

To use the quantity of chemical fertilizer, determine to use single fertilizer or composite fertilizer and use quantity according to content, absorption ratio, phosphorus, the potassium ratio of chemical fertilizer. computing formula is:

Use quantity (jin)=absorption quantity (jin) ÷ percentage composition ÷ absorption ratio;

For example: advance 700 jin of unginned cottons of introducing previously, plan with 126.1 jin of cottonseed cakes, also should be from inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) absorbed nitrogen 21.94 (jin), phosphorus 7.32 (jin), potassium 3.45 (jin).

Definite method of chemical fertilizer is as follows:

Select the computational methods of single fertilizer for use: plan with urea (containing N:46%); (total content: 64% wherein contains N:18% to two ammoniums; Contain P:46%); Three kinds of potassium sulphates (containing K:50%), the method for determining is as follows:

A: at first arrange the amount of application of two ammoniums, because of two ammoniums should do base manure with and contain two kinds of elements.Based on phosphorus, be auxilliary with nitrogen.So: two ammonium requirement (jin)=7.32 ÷, 46% ÷ absorption ratio 60%=26.5 (jin) wherein nitrogen content=26.5 * 18%=4.77 (jin) amounts to urea: 4.77 ÷ 46%=10.38 (jin).

B: next arranges urea to need quantity: 21.94 ÷, 46% ÷ absorption ratio 60%=79.5 (jin) deducts the quantity of amounting to urea that has contained in two ammoniums: 79.5-10.38=69.12 (jin) again.

C: the quantity that needs of arranging potassium sulphate at last: 3.45 ÷, 50% ÷ absorption ratio 60%=11.5 (jin).

Select the computational methods of composite fertilizer, compound fertilizer for use: should at first satisfy phosphorus, potassium requirement, supply application of amount of nitrogen with single nitrogenous fertilizer again.The meter formula is as follows:

The content ÷ absorption ratio that needs quantity (jin)=phosphorus, potassium absorptive amount ÷ phosphorus or potassium;

At first, select composite fertilizer for use according to the ratio of required phosphorus, potassium.Top phosphorus, ratio=7.32 of potassium: 3.45=2.12: 1, select total content 40% for use, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively: phosphorus 17, potassium 8.Be that fertilizer bag is masked as: (15-17-8) be rational.So, the quantity of Xu Yaoing is calculated as by phosphorous: 7.32 ÷, 17% ÷ 60%=71.8 (jin).Wherein, the amount of nitrogen sucking that has contained=71.7 * 15% * 60%=6.46 (jin), the quantity of amounting to urea is: (21.94-6.46) ÷ 46% ÷ 60%=56.1 (jin).

If not having phosphorus potassium proportion is 2.12: 1 composite fertilizer, other ratio is arranged, also can select for use.Taking with requirement few phosphorus or potassium is the quantity of using that standard is determined composite fertilizer, and then supplies the shortcoming part with single fertilizer.For example: do not have the composite fertilizer of (15-17-8), the composite fertilizer of (15-15-15) is arranged: computational methods are as follows:

D: at first satisfy the few potassium of consumption, and then benefit phosphorus: (15-15-15) absorption ratio of the percentage composition ÷ potassium of the consumption of composite fertilizer=need potassium amount ÷ potassium=3.45 ÷, 15% ÷ 60%=38.3 (jin) has wherein contained quantity=38.3 * 15% * 60%=3.5 (jin) that absorbs phosphorus.

E: need to replenish the absorption quantity=7.32-3.5=3.82 (jin) of phosphorus, amount to absorbed nitrogen=13.8 * 18% * 60%=1.49 (jin) that two ammoniums, 3.82 ÷, 46% ÷ 60%=13.8 (jin) wherein increases again.

F: the consumption of urea (jin)=(always needing the absorptive amount in absorptive amount-two ammonium in absorptive amount-composite fertilizer) ÷ percentage composition ÷ absorption ratio=" 21.94-3.5 (38.3 * 15% * 60%)-1.49 " ÷ 46% ÷ 60%=61.4 (jin).

Annotate:, should act on corresponding minimizing fertilizer, chemical fertilizer according to it if use up-to-standard bio-fertilizer.

Five, fertilization principle (annotate: the master of agricultural school, Huaiyin of national medium agricultural school teaching material " soil fertilizer science " second edition Jiangsu Province time, Chinese agriculture publishing house is published in " 145 " page)

(1) mixing of fertilizer

1, the fertilizer that can mix: ammonium sulfate and superphosphate, rock phosphate and physiological acidic fertilizer, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride urea and superphosphate.

2, the temporary transient fertilizer that mixes: superphosphate and nitrate nitrogen, urea and potassium chloride.

3, immiscible fertilizer: ammonium fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer, slightly soluble fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer, rapid available phosphorus and calcic fertilizer: as superphosphate and ash, lime.

4, organic manure and chemical fertilizer: can mix: the compost that becomes thoroughly decomposed, barnyard manure and superphosphate; Can not mix: organic manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed and alkaline fertilizer; The compost that does not become thoroughly decomposed, stalk and nitrate nitrogen cause strives the dead seedling of nitrogen.

5, complex fertilizer:

(1) binary compound fertilizer: MAP: acidity, make base manure, seed manure.Diammonium phosphate, alkalescence is made base manure, seed manure.Liquid ammonium phosphate reacts acid, and makes base manure, topdresses.

Nitrophosphate fertilizer: make base manure, topdress.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is acid, and seed soaking, root chase after outward.Potassium nitrate should be made fear-chlorion crop, unsuitable paddy field.

(2) three elements complex fertilizer, of a great variety, should rationally use.

(3) other compound fertilizers, sulfur-bearing, that contain magnesium, contain agricultural chemicals, stimulin etc.

In " high-yield culturing " fertilising, fertilizer and phosphorus, potash fertilizer are generally used as base manure, and the ratio of the base manure of nitrogenous fertilizer and the foster consumption that topdresses is about 6: 4.Lower as soil fertility, the fertilizer lazy weight can suitably be adjusted base and chase after ratio.Topdress and then must and inhale fertile rule and determine according to the plant growth characteristic.As cotton to adopt that seed manure is light, flower bud is fertile less, Hua Lingfei is heavy, the topdressing method of the fertile benefit of caping, the principle of topdressing of other crops still will be considered the crop characteristic and inhale fertile rule.To avoid directly contacting using of composite fertilizer, in order to avoid influence the germination of seed with seed.

(2) general fertilization principle

According to current villager's planting habit and plant growth characteristic and inhale fertile rule, grasp following principle at base manure, aspect topdressing:

Wheat: base manure: application of organic fertilizers 100%; Inorganic fertilizer nitrogen account for 30% (preceding season straw-returning per hundred jin of output nitrogen pick-up 3-5 jin, corresponding minimizing when topdressing), phosphorus, potassium respectively accounts for 100% (preferably with the required increase of corn of following season), lack the zinc plot and enrich zinc fertilizer 1-2 kilogram/mu.

Topdress: period of seedling establishment: use inorganic fertilizer: nitrogen accounts for 55%-70%.

Pustulation period: use inorganic fertilizer nitrogen and account for 15%-0%.

Blade face spray: the urea 0.5%-1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of pustulation period 3%.

Corn: topdress: during sowing or seedling stage: application of organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizer phosphorus, potassium respectively account for 100%, and (increase during grow wheat shop phosphorus, potassium only chase after nitrogen), inorganic fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer account for 20%, lack the zinc plot and enrich zinc fertilizer 1-2 kilogram/mu.

The typhon mouth phase: use inorganic fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer and account for 80%.

Annotate: when must guard against the corn jointing nitrogenous fertilizer one is bombarded.

Cotton: base manure: application of organic fertilizers 100%, inorganic fertilizer: nitrogen accounts for 30%, phosphorus, potassium respectively account for 50%, boron, each 0.5-1 kilogram/mu of zinc (anti-bell comes off).

Topdress: initial bloom stage: use inorganic fertilizer: nitrogen accounts for 50%, phosphorus, potassium respectively account for 50%.

Full-bloom stage: use inorganic fertilizer: nitrogen accounts for 20%.

The term of opening bolls: can spray: urea 1%, superphosphate 0.5%.

(3) special fertilization principle:

According to the crop of special soil property, special planting habit, special biological property, follow following principle:

(1) sandy loam is used inorganic fertilizer, " the Shaoshi duty is executed " or use the control fertilising.In addition, make an accurate selection of the fertilizer that character adapts to according to the character of soil and the growth characteristics of crop.

(2) can be to the fertilizing methods of other crops, but will note with reference to this technological core: stalk, farmyard manure, cake fertilizer use details.The details difference, corruption degree difference, the absorption ratio difference of its contained nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, so, fertilizer use the quantity difference.

(3) the growth characteristics difference of Different Crop will be inhaled fertile character according to other crops, rule is replenished.For example: legume has nitrogen fixation, corresponding minimizing nitrogenous fertilizer and seedling stage to need nitrogen seldom.

Fertilizing method of the present invention has the following characteristics of " five wounds at one stroke ":

1, rationally drops into the innovation that avoids waste.Solve peasant's blindness of fertilising in the past, strengthen the accuracy of peasant's judgement, correctness and chemical fertilizer input.The mad length of many nitrogen fertilizer applications nursery stock (as the wheat lodging); Execute phosphate fertilizer more, cause soil compaction, increase crop pest and reduce output; Many potassium applications have been wasted fund; In having lacked, trace element, both reduced output, quality has reduced income, has reduced the disease resistance of crop again.

2, apply fertilizers scientifically, achieve higher output, fully excavate the innovation of soil capabilities.Change same dealer's crop varieties in the past, adjacent plot, same planting habit, management method, different fertilizing methods, the different output and the great disparity of appearance are bigger, have influenced the reality of economic benefit.

3, overcome the chemical fertilizer dealer, manage the hoodwinking property of bad, false chemical fertilizer and the innovation that qualified chemical fertilizer sudden huge profits are sold.Because peasant's fertilizer practice weakness, and even be zero, what be subjected to that the chemical fertilizer dealer hoodwinks is many.Treat after the crop harvesting, just judge from true, false, good, the bad angle of chemical fertilizer.Do not know to have in the own soil quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lack in what, trace element.To using chemical fertilizer which kind of character, content, use how much quantity one and do not have judgement.What also have is subjected to surveying soil prescription the deceiving of dealer (particularly compound, compound is fertile) of running after fame, and changes fertilizer again after cheated, and the method for taking high price to sell on credit, uses chemical fertilizer.Increase point in high yield fertilising and drop into, be subjected to the constraint of economic condition again, from and further influenced the performance of soil capabilities.The peasant learns this technology, and the using of the accurate chemical fertilizer that can break taked the measure of guaranteeing the quality, and reduced cost, carries out the cash transaction, can also lay a good foundation for drop into of achieving higher output more.

4: initiation chemical fertilizer factory, improve the fertilizer practice level, the innovation that the production high standard is compound, compound is fertile.Zones of different weather, soil property, different crop, the kinds of water source environment, different planting habit (stalk whether also the having or not of field, farmyard manure, quantity what or the like) has determined the difference of the soil source of manure, quantity.Chemical fertilizer factory uses this technology, and the product of production adaptation ratio allows after the peasant approves, the our factory can improve the market competition ability greatly, enlarges market and wins the pin scope.

5, for implement the innovation that central authorities share somebody's cares and burdens on the scientific development agricultural.On December 10th, 2007, take to post the mode of special registered mail, submitted to for the relevant leader of the Ministry of Agriculture: the managerial a lot of suggestions of arviculture, emphasis is a fertilizer practice.The Ministry of Agriculture of central authorities has issued about surveying preferential policy such as the soil prescription rational application of fertilizer.2008, the unified pesticide name in the whole nation.And put into effect management policy.Send 100,000 fertilising experts in 2009 again, born the task that every expert imparts to 100 peasants.According to the weakness of the native existence of filling a prescription of survey and the situation that simple service is difficult to implement, write this technology.This technology, authenticity is strong, and easily popularization and promotion rate are fast, saving of labor, laborsaving, province's input.

6, the invention of powerful China.Chemical fertilizer factory from not the promoter; The promoter from not the peasant; The peasant from not the fertilizer produced of chemical fertilizer factory.All learn the technology of applying fertilizers scientifically, formed the Trinity, the general layout of mutually trusting, trusting, make full use of, dig exhausted land resources, solving serving as a soldier and even the outlet problem of China, be further powerful the laying a good foundation of China, will be the big invention of one on the Chinese history.

In the described above-mentioned steps, " 6 " are the target of this technology, " 5 " are for having had the enforcement environment of this technology, " 4 " are the key that this technology is implemented, " 3 " are for improving the theory of fertilizer dealers, " 2 " are the embodiment that this technology is implemented, and " 1 " is the only way which must be passed that this technology is implemented.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:

(1) peasant household of uneven fertilising adjusts fertilizing method a little, and be representative with 7 peasant households: on the basis of not increasing input, every mu increases income respectively: 216 yuan, 315 yuan 270 yuan 180 yuan 270 yuan, 300 yuan, 69-169 unit.

(2) uneven fertilising enriches micro-peasant household.Wheat enriches 3 jin of zinc sulphate for every mu, throws 3 yuans more, increases income 80 jin of wheats; Corn enriches 4 jin of zinc sulphate for every mu, throws 4 yuans more, increases income 100 jin of corns; Cotton enriches 0.5 jin of zinc sulphate for every mu, 0.5 jin of borax, and altogether 1 yuans of throwing more, cotton falls bell seldom.

(3) balance fertilizing, the peasant household that increases input.Wheat is increased input 72.6 yuan for every mu, increases income 127.4 yuan; Corn is increased input 76.8 yuan for every mu, increases income 193.2 yuan; Cotton is increased input 50 yuan for every mu, increases income 300 yuan.Increase the output value 20.5%, 29%, 30% respectively.

In a word, as long as the rational application of fertilizer, the mu net income can both be significantly improved obvious economic.

Fertilizing method of the present invention does not need measured soil, growth characteristics according to own residing plant growth ring mirror and crop, formulate the pre-plan of producing, calculate soil soil fertility (having deposited elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the soil) and formulate the fertilising plan, apply fertilizer then, have high efficiency, less investment, output advantages of higher, suit the demand of vast farmers, suggestion is applied.

Embodiment

The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with concrete agriculture implementation of an application example:

Embodiment 1, test data statistical form ()

One: respondent household: Zhu A town, Qihe County, Shandong Province Zhao Jing village Zhao so-and-so

Two: telephone number: 0534-******* mobile phone: 139********

Three: control time: on August 22nd, 2008

Four: this family provides following situation:

1: red soil, the water conservancy condition is better.

2:2007 summer: 900 jin of per mu yield wheats, straw-returning. spread fertilizer over the fields human excrement: 1.5 cubic metres.

3:2007 autumn: 1450 jin of per mu yield corns, straw-returning.

4:2007 is after autumn: grow wheat shop fixtures fertilizer: composite fertilizer: (15-15-15) 100 jin/mu, and 100 jin/mu of cottonseed cakes, 50 jin/mu of the full field of gold fertilizers.

Spring in 2008: wheat is turned green and is chased after: (46%) 30 jin in urea.

Wheat yield: 1350 jin/mu.

Five: use theoretical calculation method, it is as shown in table 1 to examine output:

Table 1

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					Second Season	The wheat root that per mu yield is 900 jin: certain element absorption (jin) The absorption ratio of=root system weight * hundred jin content * second season	??900×1/3×0.5?? ×80％＝1.20	??900×1/3×0.2?? ×20％＝0.12	??900×1/3×??2.5×?? 45％＝3.38
Second Season	The wheat stalk that per mu yield is 900 jin: certain element absorption (jin) The absorption ratio of=stalk weight * hundred jin content * second season	??900×2/3×0.5?? ×20％＝0.60	??900×2/3×0.2?? ×20％＝0.24	??900×2/3×??2.5×?? 55％＝8.25
					First Season	The maize root system that per mu yield is 1450 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content * first season Absorption ratio	??1450×1/3×?? 0.6×20％＝0.58	??1450×1/3×?? 1.40×20％＝1.35	??1450×1/3×??2.1×?? 55％＝5.60
The	The corn field that per mu yield is 1450 jin is surplus: certain element residue is inhaled	??1450×2.5×	??1450×0.9×	??1450×2.1×
					One Season	Receive (jin)=mu receipts output * hundred jin absorptive amount * residue Percentage	?? 40％＝14.5	?? 40％＝5.22	?? 40％＝12.18

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					This Season	Fertile composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 100 jin of shop fixtures: absorb 100 jin of quantity (jin)=use quantity (jin) * hundred jin content * absorption ratio cottonseed cake: spread fertilizer over the fields human excrement during absorption quantity (jin)=use quantity (jin) * hundred jin of content of cake * first season absorption ratio kind corn: 1.5 cubic metres: absorption quantity (jin)=use quantity (jin) * hundred jin of content of human excrement * first season absorption ratio The full field fertilizer (nonnitrogenous phosphorus potassium) of gold	??100×15％×??60％＝9.00??100×3.41×??20％＝0.68??3000×1.00×??20％＝6.00?? 0.00	??100×15％×??60％＝9.00??100×1.63×??20％＝0.28??3000×1.00×??20％＝3.00?? 0.00	??100×15％×??60％＝9.00??100×0.97×??55％＝0.38??3000×0.37×??55％＝6.87?? 0.00
This Season	Chase after 30 jin in urea: absorb quantity (jin)=use quantity (jin) * hundred jin content * absorption ratio	??30×46％×?? 60％＝8.28	??-	??-
					?? Amount to	?? Should absorb	?? 40.84	?? 19.21	?? 45.05

Should absorb quantity according to single element and amount to per mu yield respectively:

Press nitrogen: 40.84 ÷ 3 (hundred jin of suctions)=1361 (jin).

Press phosphorus: 19.21 ÷ 1.2 (hundred jin of suctions)=1600.8 (jin).

Press potassium: 45.05 ÷ 2.5 (hundred jin of suctions)=1802 (jin).

Crop fertilization principle according to Germanization scholar Li Bixi: (annotate: agriculture section counts family " fertilizer rationally uses new technology " Liu and likes democracy and compile Chinese agriculture publishing house and be published in " 10 " page law of minimum nourishment.), this family wheat yield is controlled on the nitrogen element.1361 jin of real products, 1350 jin of real receipts differ 11 jin.Estimate: loss reason, the one, damage by disease and insect, the 2nd, wheat harvesting.

Organic nitrogen: inorganic nitrogen=2: 8, because of having enriched biological potassium fertilizer, applying organic manure not.

If: the rational application of fertilizer is analyzed as follows:

(1): if every mu enriches urea: (46%): (1600.8-1361) ÷ 100 * 3.00 (hundred jin of suctions) ÷ 27.6 (hundred jin of two ammonium absorbs phosphorus)=26 (jin), just can increase production: 1600.8-1361=239.8 (jin).

(2): if every mu enriches:

Two ammoniums (64%): (1802-1600.8) ÷ 100 * 1.2 (hundred jin of absorptions of wheat) ÷ 27.6 (hundred jin of two ammonium absorbs phosphorus)=8.75 (jin), wherein contained nitrogen is equivalent to urea: 8.75 * 18% (nitrogenous) ÷, 46% (urea content)=3.4 (jin).

Urea: (1802-1361) ÷ 100 * 3.00 (hundred jin of suctions) ÷ 27.6 (hundred jin of absorbed nitrogens of urea)=48.2 (jin)-3.4 (in two ammoniums)=44.8 (jin).Just can increase production 1802-1361=441 (jin).

Embodiment 2: test data statistical form (two)

One: is looked into the family by being carved: Yao Zhan town Wang Shuan hall village, Pingyuan County, Shandong Province beam so-and-so

Two: telephone number: 0534-*******

Three: control time: on June 13rd, 2009

Four: this family provides following situation:

Pingyuan County bureau of agriculture has established ten thousand mu of high-yield fields according to higher level's spirit at its place, wherein 10 mu will surpass 1400 jin.10 mu of wheatlands with this family.Give this family fertilizer, freely teach administrative skill, and give this family registration, participated in Shandong Province's wheat " grain king contest ".

1: red soil, the water conservancy condition is good.

2:2008 summer: mu is received 1150 jin of wheats, straw-returning.

3:2008 autumn: 1300 jin of per mu yield corns, straw-returning.

4:2008 is after autumn: grow wheat: shop fixtures fertilizer: (64%) 50 jin of two ammonium, 3000 jin/mu of dried poultrymanures, 30 jin/mu of potassium sulphates, 3 jin/mu in zinc sulphate.

Spring in 2009: when wheat is turned green: chase after 50 jin/mu in urea,

The real wheat of receiving: 1350 jin/mu.

Five: use theoretical calculation method, it is as shown in table 2 to examine output:

Table 2

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					Second Season	The root system of 1150 jin of wheats of per mu yield: the stalk of 1150 jin of wheats of absorption ratio per mu yield of certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content * second season: certain element absorption (jin)=stalk weight * hundred jin content * second season Absorption ratio	??1.53?? 0.77	??0.15?? 0.31	??4.31?? 10.54

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					First Season	The maize root system that per mu yield is 1300 jin: the corn field that the absorption ratio per mu yield of certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content * first season is 1300 jin is surplus: certain element residual absorption (jin)=mu receipts output * hundred jin absorptive amount * remain Surplus percentage	??0.52?? 13.00	??1.21?? 4.68	??5.00?? 10.92
?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					This Season	Every mu of shop fixtures fertilizer: (64%) 50 jin of two ammonium: absorb quantity (jin)=use (jin) * hundred jin content * absorption ratio to do 3000 jin of cow dungs: absorb (50%) 30 jin of quantity (jin)=use (jin) * do hundred jin of content of cow dung * first season absorption ratio potassium sulphate: absorption quantity (jin)=use (jin) * hundred jin content * first season absorption ratio is topdressed: (46%) 65 jin in urea: absorption quantity (jin)=use (the jin) * hundred jin content * absorption first season Rate	??5.40??5.75?? 13.80	??13.8?? 5.40	??8.20?? 9.00
?? Amount to	?? Should absorb	?? 40.77	?? 25.55	?? 47.97

Should absorb quantity according to single element and amount to per mu yield respectively:

Press nitrogen: 40.77 ÷ 3 (hundred jin of suctions)=1359 (jin)

Press phosphorus: 25.55 ÷ 1.2 (hundred jin of suctions)=2129 (jin)

Press potassium: 47.97 ÷ 2.5 (hundred jin of suctions)=1918 (jin)

Crop fertilization principle according to Germanization scholar Li Bixi: (annotate: agriculture section counts family " fertilizer rationally uses new technology " Liu and likes democracy and compile Chinese agriculture publishing house and be published in " 10 " page law of minimum nourishment.), this family wheat yield is controlled on the nitrogen element. and 1359 jin of real products, 1350 jin of real receipts differ 9 jin.Real producing with real the receipts conforms to substantially.

Organic nitrogen: inorganic nitrogen=5.3: 4.7.

If the rational application of fertilizer is analyzed as follows:

Every mu enriches a jin urea: (1700-1350) ÷ 100 * 3 ÷ 0.276 (one jin of urea is inhaled nitrogen)=38 (jin) just can be realized 1700 jin of per mu yields, win champion's (1586 jin of champion's per mu yields) of Shandong Province grain king contest.

Embodiment 3 test data statistical forms (three)

One: respondent household: No. 57 Liu in three Tang streets, San Tang township, Pingyuan County, Shandong Province so-and-so

Two: phone number: 130********

Three: control time: on August 28th, 2007

Four: this family provides following situation:

1: red clay, the water conservancy condition is better.

2:2006 summer: mu is received 900 jin of wheats, straw-returning.

3:2006 autumn: 1000 jin of per mu yield corns, straw-returning.

4:2006 is after autumn: grow wheat shop fixtures fertilizer: 50 jin/mu of composite fertilizers (16-16-16).

Spring in 2007: wheat is turned green and is chased after: (46%) 60 jin/mu in urea.

Wheat yield: 840 jin/mu.

Five: theoretical calculation method, it is as shown in table 3 to examine output:

Table 3

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					Second Season	The wheat root yarn that per mu yield is 900 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content * second The absorption ratio in season	??900×1/3×0.5×?? 80％＝1.2	??900×1/3×0.2×?? 20％＝0.12	??900×1/3×2.5?? ×45％＝3.38
Second Season	The wheat stalk that per mu yield is 900 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=stalk weight * hundred jin content * second The absorption ratio in season	??900×2/3×0.5×?? 20％＝0.6	??900×2/3×0.2×?? 20％＝0.24	??900×2/3×2.5?? ×55％＝8.25
					First Season	The maize root system that per mu yield is 1000 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content * the The absorption ratio in one season	??1000×1/3×0.6?? ×20％＝0.4	??1000×1/3×1.40?? ×20＝0.93	??1000×1/3×2.1?? ×55％＝3.85
First Season	The corn field that per mu yield is 1000 jin is surplus: certain element residual absorption (jin)=mu is received output * hundred jin absorption Amount * residue percentage	??1000×2.5×?? 40％＝10.00	??1000×0.9×?? 40％＝3.60	??1000×2.1×?? 40％＝8.40
					This Season	50 jin of shop fixtures fertilizer (16-16-16): absorb quantity (jin)=use quantity (jin) * hundred jin content * suction Yield	??50×16％×?? 60％＝5.40	??50×16％×?? 60％＝5.40	??50×16％×?? 60％＝5.40
This Season	Chase after 60 jin in urea: absorb quantity (jin)=use number Amount (jin) * hundred jin content * absorption ratio	??60×46％×?? 60％＝16.56	??-	??-
					?? Amount to	Should absorb	?? 34.16	?? 10.29	?? 29.28

Should absorb quantity according to single element and amount to per mu yield respectively:

Press nitrogen: 34.16 ÷ 3 (hundred jin of suctions)=1138.7 (jin)

Press phosphorus: 10.29 ÷ 1.2 (hundred jin of suctions)=857.5 (jin)

Press potassium: 29.28 ÷ 2.5 (hundred jin of suctions)=1171.2 (jin)

Crop fertilization principle according to Germanization scholar Li Bixi: (annotate: agriculture section counts family " fertilizer rationally uses new technology " Liu and likes democracy and compile Chinese agriculture publishing house and be published in " 10 " page law of minimum nourishment.), this family wheat yield is controlled on the P elements. and 857.5 jin of real products, 840 jin of real receipts differ 17.5 jin. estimate: loss reason, the one, damage by disease and insect, the 2nd, wheat harvesting.

Organic nitrogen: inorganic nitrogen=2.3: 7.7, this village grow wheat is only spread 50 jin of two ammoniums, and the peasant household that the mu receipts are 1000 jin is commonplace.: it is wrong for the composite fertilizer of (14-16-15) that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are used in this family.

If the rational application of fertilizer is analyzed as follows:

(1): if every mu enriches two ammoniums: (1138.7-857.5) ÷ 100 * 1.2 (hundred jin of absorptions of wheat) ÷ 27.6 (hundred jin of two ammonium is inhaled phosphorus)=12.2 (jin), just can increase production: 1108.7-857.5=281.2 (jin), ignore nitrogen contained in two ammoniums: 12.2 * 18% (nitrogen content)=4.8 (jin).

(2): if every mu enriches:

Two ammoniums: (1171.2-857.5) ÷ 100 * 1.2 (wheat absorbs phosphorus for hundred jin) ÷ 27.6 (hundred jin of two ammonium absorbs phosphorus)=13.6 (jin), wherein contained nitrogen is equivalent to urea 13.6 * 18% (two ammonium nitrogen contents) ÷ 46% (urea nitrogen content)=5.34 (jin).

Urea is: (1171.2-1108.7) ÷ 100 * 3.00 (hundred jin of absorbed nitrogens of wheat) ÷ 27.6 (hundred jin of urea amount of nitrogen sucking)-5.34 (containing in two ammoniums)=1.45 (jin).Just can increase production wheat: 1171.2-857.5=313.7 (jin)

(3): if change composite fertilizer into single fertilizer, do not increase fund input, can increase production about 300 jin in the same old way.

Embodiment 4: test data statistical form (four)

One: respondent household: Qi Jiazhai village, San Tang township, Pingyuan County, Shandong Province congratulates so-and-so

Two: control time: on August 18th, 2009

Three: this family provides following situation:

1: red soil, the water conservancy condition is better.

2:2008 summer: 800 jin of per mu yield wheats, straw-returning.

3:2008 autumn: 1200 jin of per mu yield corns, straw-returning.

4:2008 is after autumn: grow wheat shop fixtures fertilizer: 50 jin/mu of composite fertilizers (14-16-15).

Spring in 2009: wheat is turned green and is chased after: 150 jin/mu of the blue or green ammoniums of carbonic acid.

Wheat yield: 860 jin/mu.

Four: use theoretical calculation method, it is as shown in table 4 to examine output:

Table 4

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					Second Season	The wheat root that per mu yield is 800 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content * The absorption ratio of the second season	??800×1/3×0.5?? ×80％＝1.07	??800×1/3×0.2?? ×20％＝0.11	??800×1/3×2.5?? ×45％＝3.00
Second Season	The wheat straw that per mu yield is 800 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=stalk weight * hundred jin content * The absorption ratio of the second season	??800×2/3×0.5?? ×20％＝0.53	??800×2/3×0.2?? ×20％＝0.21	??800×2/3×2.5?? ×55％＝7.33
					First Season	The maize root system that per mu yield is 1200 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content The absorption ratio of * the first season	??1200×1/3×0.6?? ×20％＝0.48	??1200×1/3×?? 1.40×20％＝1.12	??1200×1/3×2.1?? ×40％＝4.62
First Season	The corn field that per mu yield is 1200 jin is surplus: certain element residual absorption (jin)=mu receipts output * hundred jin Absorptive amount * residue percentage	??1200×2.5×?? 40％＝12.00	??1200×0.9×?? 40％＝4.32	??1200×2.1×?? 40％＝10.08

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					This Season	50 jin of shop fixtures fertilizer (14-16-15): absorb quantity (jin)=use quantity (jin) * hundred jin content * absorption ratio	??50×14％×?? 60％＝4.20	??50×16％×?? 60％＝4.80	??50×15％×?? 60％＝4.50
This Season	Chase after: 150 jin of the blue or green ammoniums of carbonic acid: absorb quantity (jin)=use quantity (jin) * hundred jin content * Absorption ratio	??150×17％×?? 55％＝13.80	??-	??-
					?? Amount to	?? Should absorb	?? 32.08	?? 10.56	?? 29.53

Should absorb quantity according to single element and amount to per mu yield respectively:

Press nitrogen: 32.08 ÷ 3.00 (hundred jin of suctions)=1069 (jin).

Press phosphorus: 10.56 ÷ 1.2 (hundred jin of suctions)=880 (jin).

Press potassium: 29.52 ÷ 2.5 (hundred jin of suctions)=1181.2 (jin).

Crop fertilization principle according to Germanization scholar Li Bixi: (annotate: agriculture section counts family " fertilizer rationally uses new technology " Liu and likes democracy and compile Chinese agriculture publishing house and be published in " 10 " page law of minimum nourishment.), this family wheat yield is controlled on the P elements.880 jin of real products, 860 jin of real receipts differ 20 jin. estimate: loss reason, the one, damage by disease and insect, the 2nd, wheat harvesting.

Organic nitrogen: inorganic nitrogen=2.3: 7.7, wanting to achieve higher output surpasses 1100 jin, needs suitable applying organic manure.It is wrong for the composite fertilizer of (14-16-15) that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are used in this family.

If the rational application of fertilizer is analyzed as follows:

(1): if every mu enriches:

Two ammoniums (64%) are ÷ 100 * 1.2 (hundred jin of wheats are inhaled phosphorus) ÷ 27.6 (two ammoniums are inhaled phosphorus for hundred jin)=8.2 (jin) (1069-880).Just can increase production: 1069-880=189 (jin) wherein in two ammoniums contained nitrogen: 8.2 * 0.18=1.48 (jin) enrich in soil again.

(2): if every mu enriches: two ammoniums (64%) are ÷ 100 * 1.2 (hundred jin of wheats are inhaled phosphorus) ÷ 27.6 (two ammoniums are inhaled phosphorus for hundred jin)=13.1 (jin) (1181.2-880), the nitrogen that wherein contains is equivalent to urea: 13.1 * 18% (two ammoniums are nitrogenous) ÷ 46% (urea is nitrogenous)=5.1 (jin) so: practical urea: 1181.2-1069 ÷ 100 * 3 (hundred jin wheats inhale nitrogen) ÷ 27.6 (hundred jin of urea are inhaled nitrogen)-5.1=7.1 (jin), just can increase production: 1181.2-880=301.2 (jin).

Embodiment 5: test data statistical form (five)

One: respondent household: San Tang township, Pingyuan County, Shandong Province Han Zhuan village Liu so-and-so

Two: control time: on July 9th, 2009

Three: this family provides following situation:

1: red soil, the water conservancy condition is more general.

2:2007 autumn: 1000 jin of per mu yield corns, stalk be field also.

3:2008 summer: mu is received 1000 jin of wheats, and stalk is field also.Shop fixtures fertilizer: (64%) 50 jin/mu of two ammonium, 2 cubic metres/mu of farmyard manure cow dungs.

4:2008 autumn: plant corn, topdress: (46%) 65 jin/mu in urea.

Corn yield: 1100 jin/mu of less thaies.

Four: use theoretical calculation method, it is as shown in table 5 to examine output:

Table 5

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					Second Season	The corn root yarn that per mu yield is 1000 jin: certain element absorption (jin) The absorption ratio of=root system weight * hundred jin content * second season	??1000×1/3??×0.6×?? 80％＝1.60	??1000×1/3??×1.40×?? 20％＝0.75	??1000×1/3×?? 2.1×45％＝3.15
First Season	The wheat root that per mu yield is 1000 jin: certain element absorption (jin) The absorption ratio of=root system weight * hundred jin content * first season	??1000×1/3??×0.5×?? 20％＝0.33	??1000×1/3??×0.2×?? 20％＝0.13	??1000×1/3×?? 2.5×55％＝4.58
					First Season	Remain: 3 cubic metres of farmyard manure ox stable dungs residues when certain element residual absorption (jin)=mu is received output * hundred jin absorptive amount * residue percentage grow wheat: every mu of shop fixtures fertilizer when absorption quantity (jin)=use quantity (jin) * ox stable dung absorbs grow wheat hundred jin of content * second seasons: two ammoniums are executed for (64%) 50 jin partially the wheat balance fertilizing that per mu yield is 1000 jin (remain): this book 11: (two) count for example for this reason	??1000×3.00×??409％＝12.00??3000×0.34×?? 80％＝3.84	??1000×1.2×??40％＝4.80??3000×0.16×??80％×20％＝0.77?? 6.67	??1000×2.5×??40％＝10.00??3000×0.4×?? 45％＝5.40
This Season	Chase after (46%) 65 jin in urea: absorb quantity (jin)=use number Amount (jin) * hundred jin content * absorption ratio	??65×46％×?? 60％＝17.94	??-	??-
					?? Amount to	Should absorb	?? 35.71	?? 13.12	?? 23.12

Should absorb quantity according to single element and amount to per mu yield respectively:

Press nitrogen: 35.71 ÷ 2.5 (hundred jin of suctions)=1428.4 (jin).

Press phosphorus: 13.12 ÷ 0.9 (hundred jin of suctions)=1457.8 (jin).

Press potassium: 23.12 ÷ 2.1 (hundred jin of suctions)=1100 (jin).

Crop fertilization principle according to Germanization scholar Li Bixi: (annotate: agriculture section counts family " fertilizer rationally uses new technology " Liu and likes democracy and compile Chinese agriculture publishing house and be published in " 10 " page law of minimum nourishment.), this family wheat yield is controlled on the potassium element. and real producing with real the receipts conforms to substantially.

Organic nitrogen: inorganic nitrogen=3: 7.

If the rational application of fertilizer is analyzed as follows:

If every mu enriches potassium sulphate (50%): (1457.8-1100) ÷ 100 * 2.1 (hundred jin of suctions) ÷ 30 (hundred jin of potassium sulphate K uptakes)=25.1 (jin), just can increase production: 1457.8-1100=357.8 (jin/mu).

Embodiment 6: test data statistical form (six)

One: respondent household: Pingyuan County, Shandong Province peach garden district king bud village Liu so-and-so

Two: phone number: 136********

Three: control time: on August 28th, 2008

Four: this family provides following situation:

1: red soil, the water conservancy condition is better.

2:2007 summer: mu is received 620 jin of wheats, straw-returning.

3:2007 autumn: 1490 jin of per mu yield corns, stalk be field also.

4:2007 is after autumn: grow wheat shop fixtures fertilizer: 110 jin/mu of composite fertilizers (15-20-10), 10 jin/mu of soil conditioners.

Spring in 2008: wheat is turned green and is topdressed: (46%) 50 jin/mu in urea.

Wheat yield: 1300 jin/mu.

Five: use theoretical calculation method, it is as shown in table 6 to examine output:

Table 6

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					Second Season	The wheat root that per mu yield is 620 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content The absorption ratio of * the second season	??620×1/3×0.5?? ×80％＝0.8	??620×1/3×0.2?? ×20％＝0.08	??620×1/3×2.5?? ×45％＝2.3
Second Season	The wheat stalk that per mu yield is 620 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=stalk weight * hundred jin content * The absorption ratio of the second season	??620×2/3×0.5?? ×20％＝0.40	??620×2/3×0.2?? ×20％＝0.17	??620×2/3×2.5?? ×55％＝5.68
					First Season	The maize root system that per mu yield is 1490 jin: certain element absorption (jin)=root system weight * hundred jin content The absorption ratio of * the first season	??1490×1/3×0.6?? ×20％＝0.60	??1490×1/3×?? 1.40×20％＝1.39	??1490×1/3×2.1?? ×55％＝5.74

?? Season	?? Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element source	?? Inhale nitrogen (jin/mu)	?? Inhale phosphorus (jin/mu)	?? Inhale potassium (jin/mu)
					First Season	The corn field that per mu yield is 1490 jin is surplus: certain element residual absorption (jin)=mu receipts output * hundred jin Absorptive amount * residue percentage	??1490×2.5×?? 40％＝14.90	??1490×0.9×?? 40％＝5.36	??1490×2.2×?? 40％＝12.5
This Season	110 jin of shop fixtures fertilizer (15-20-10): absorb quantity (jin)=use quantity (jin) * hundred jin content * absorption ratio 10 jin of soil conditioners:	??110×15％×??60％＝9.90?? 0.00	??110×20％×??60％＝13.20?? 0.00	??110×10％×??60％＝6.60?? 0.00
					This Season	Chase after: (46%) 50 jin in urea: absorb quantity (jin)=use (quantity jin) * hundred jin content * Absorption ratio	??50×46％×?? 27.6％＝13.80	??-	??-
?? Amount to	?? Should absorb	?? 40.40	?? 20.20	?? 32.82

Should absorb quantity according to single element and amount to per mu yield respectively:

Press nitrogen: 40.4 ÷ 3 (hundred jin of suctions)=1347 (jin).

Press phosphorus: 20.20 ÷ 1.2 (hundred jin of suctions)=1683.3 (jin).

Press potassium: 32.82 ÷ 2.5 (hundred jin of suctions)=1312.8 (jin).

Crop fertilization principle according to Germanization scholar Li Bixi: (annotate: agriculture section counts family " fertilizer rationally uses new technology " Liu and likes democracy and compile Chinese agriculture publishing house and be published in " 10 " page law of minimum nourishment.), this family wheat yield is controlled on the potassium element.1312.8 jin of real products, 1300 jin of real receipts differ 12.8 jin. estimate: loss reason, the one, damage by disease and insect, the 2nd, wheat harvesting.

Organic nitrogen: inorganic nitrogen=2.3: 7.7, because of having used soil conditioner, want to achieve higher output, do not need applying organic manure.The inventor thinks: it is wrong for the composite fertilizer of (14-16-15) that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are used in this family.

If the rational application of fertilizer is analyzed as follows:

(1): if every mu enriches

Potassium sulphate (50%): (1683.3-1312.8) * 2.5 (wheat hundred jin inhale potassium) ÷ 30 (hundred jin of potassium sulphate K uptakes)=30.9 jin, urea: (1683.3-1347) * 3.00 (wheat is inhaled nitrogen for hundred jin) ÷ 27.6 (hundred jin of urea are inhaled nitrogen)=36.6 jin.Just can realize per mu yield 1677.5 (jin).

(2): if change composite fertilizer into single fertilizer, do not increase fund input, can increase production equally.

Embodiment 7: test data statistical form (seven)

One: respondent household: Cui Jia mausoleum, Pingyuan County, Shandong Province central primary school Cui so-and-so

Two: control time: on June 19th, 2009

Three: this family provides following situation:

1: red soil, the water conservancy condition is better.

2:2008 summer: mu is received 900 jin of wheats, straw-returning.

3:2008 autumn: 1200 jin of per mu yield corns, straw-returning.

4:2008 is after autumn: grow wheat shop fixtures fertilizer: (64%) 33 jin/mu of two ammonium, 10 jin/mu in biological potassium.

Spring in 2009: wheat is turned green and is topdressed: (46%) 85 jin/mu in urea.Wheat yield: 1152 jin/mu.

Four: by using theoretical calculation method, it is as shown in table 7 to examine output:

Table 7

Should absorb quantity according to single element and amount to per mu yield respectively:

Press nitrogen: 41.3 ÷ 3 (hundred jin of suctions)=1377 (jin).

Press phosphorus: 14.91 ÷ 1.2 (hundred jin of suctions)=1242.5 (jin).

Press potassium: 29.18 ÷ 2.5 (hundred jin of suctions)=1167.6 (jin).

Crop fertilization principle according to Germanization scholar Li Bixi: (annotate: agriculture section counts family " fertilizer rationally uses new technology " Liu and likes democracy and compile Chinese agriculture publishing house and be published in " 10 " page law of minimum nourishment.), this family wheat yield is controlled on the potassium element.1167.6 jin of real products, 1152 jin of real receipts differ 15.6 jin. estimate: loss reason, the one, damage by disease and insect, the 2nd, wheat harvesting.

Organic nitrogen: inorganic nitrogen=2.3: 7.7, because of having used bio-fertilizer, want to achieve higher output, do not need applying organic manure.

If the rational application of fertilizer is analyzed as follows:

(1): if every mu enriches: potassium sulphate (50%): (1242.5-1167.6) * 2.5 (hundred jin of suctions) ÷ 30 (hundred jin potassium sulphates absorb potassium)=6.2 (jin), just can realize mu increasing production a 1242.5-1167.6=74.9 (jin).

(2): if every mu enriches: potassium sulphate: (50%) is (hundred jin inhale potassium) ÷ 0.3=17.5 (jin) (1377-1167.6) * 2.5, two ammoniums (64%): ÷ 27.6 (hundred jin of two ammonium suction phosphorus)=5.9 (jin) of (1377-1167.6) * 1.2 (inhaling phosphorus for hundred jin).Just can realize every mu of volume increase 1377-1167.6=209.4 (jin).Wherein still enriched nitrogen: 5.9 * 0.18=1.06 (jin).

Claims (1)

1. the fertilizing method of crops is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

(1) according to the land type that will execute kind, calculates the soil soil fertility: the soil fertility of soil fertility+second season of soil soil fertility=first season;

(2) formulate the pre-plan of producing, determine target output, and determine fertilizing amount that the computing formula of fertilizing amount is: the required chemical fertilizer total amount of fertilizing amount=target output-soil soil fertility according to the required fertility of target output;

The required chemical fertilizer total amount of target output=100 * hundred jin of absorptive amounts of target output ÷;

(3) fertilising: according to the fertilizing amount that aforementioned calculation is come out the soil is applied fertilizer, organic fertile amount of application is 30%～70% of a fertilizing amount, and the amount of application of inorganic fertilizer is 30%～70% of a fertilizing amount.