CN104642038A - Pearl guava labor-saving planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pearl guava labor-saving planting method, which comprises a drip irrigation and fertilizer applying device, a vertical micro-spraying irrigation device, an organic fertilizer sustained releasing device and a use method of the devices, wherein the drip irrigation and fertilizer applying device is formed by that double rows of drip irrigation pipes are arranged near the root of a border surface, and a main pipe is connected with a power system and a filtering system; for the vertical micro-spraying irrigation device, cement columns are respectively erected at the two ends of a planting border, the two cement columns are connected by a steel wire rope and penetrate through a tree crown layer, a micro-spraying soft pipe is arranged between every two plants, a micro-spraying plumb sleeves each micro-spraying soft pipe, and each micro-spraying soft pipe is connected with a micro-spraying head, and is connected with the power system and the filtering system by the main pipe; the organic fertilizer releasing device is formed by loading matured chicken dung into a snake leather bag in spring each year, one bag is flatly arranged between every two plants and is used as sustained releasing organic fertilizer, and the bag surface in contact with garden soil needs to be cut. The pearl guava labor-saving planting method has the advantages that the labor amount is greatly reduced, the annual manual fertilizer applying and water irrigation time is shortened by 64.2%, the output of a fruit garden is increased by 16.1%, the single price of fruit per kilogram is increased by 25%, and the facility cost can be recovered at the year.

Description

A kind of pearl guava Labor-saving implantation methods

Technical field

The present invention relates to guava planting technology field, particularly relate to a kind of improvement of pearl guava implantation methods.

Background technology

Guava ( psidium guajaval.) for Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae) Psidium ( psidium) tropical fruit tree, originate in tropical America, extensively plant now in the torrid zone and subtropical zone.It is to the strong adaptability of soil, and flower bud differentiation is not strict to the requirement of temperature, and have perpetual bloom bearing capacity, output is high.In recent years, guava is increasing at south China each province planting area, and ' pearl ' Fructus psidii guajavae immaturus is large, and meat is sharp and clear, and local flavor is splendid, has become South China's main breed.' pearl ' guava fast growth, field planting is just really visible then, and next year can partly go into operation, and per mu yield can reach 2500 ~ 4000 kilograms, and large to the demand of nutrient and moisture, the labor every year for applying fertilizer and pouring water is very big.

Fertigation is the agricultural engineering technology based on drip irrigation system development, can according to soil characteristics, crop root feature and law of needing the water accuracy controlling soil moisture and nutrient.Microspray irrigation is the form of pouring water utilizing refraction, rotation or radiant type minitype nozzle water to be sprayed onto equably the regions such as crop branches and leaves, can pour water timely and appropriately by crop water requirement, soil near moistening crown canopy and root district, builds the orchard micro climate being suitable for yielding positive results.These two kinds of technology are all by dynamical system, filtration system, utilize pipeline that fertilizer, water are transported to root system of plant, simple to operate, easily grasp, and having the features such as laborsaving, efficient, high-quality, is an important technique measure in modern agriculture.

China ' pearl ' guava planting time is shorter, tradition plantation base manure based on ditch spread, be generally spring at rhizosphere scope open loop ditch or radial canal, the fertilizers such as chicken manure are put into ditch, rear earthing.This method recruitment is many, and easily hindering the soil that root fertilizer instrument adheres to can pass to healthy tree by guava root-knot nematode from diseased plant.Topdress multiplex chemical fertilizer, spreads fertilizer over the fields or shallow ridges is executed, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low, also comparatively takes labour, and fertile, water supply is asynchronous, is unfavorable for that tree body is to the absorption of nutrient, affects fruit yield and quality.Irrigate multiplex broad irrigation or the pouring of tree dish, work consuming water consumption, efficiency of water application is low.Under tradition ' pearl ' guava cultivation mode, area is the guava orchard of 1ha, about 3 annual ditch spreads of workman, 1 base manure needs 15 work days, topdress vegetative period about 10 work days of 10 need, about irrigating 10 work days of 5 need, about being every year 35 work days for the time of applying fertilizer and pouring water, labor is large, and fertile, water use efficiency is low.Therefore, utilize integrated fertilising, the irrigation methods such as modern fertigation and microspray irrigation, explore a kind of applicable ' pearl ' guava Labor-saving cultivation mode, reduce the labor of ' pearl ' guava, reduce labor cost, rise very important to solution ' pearl ' guava plantation labor cost.

Summary of the invention

A kind of pearl guava Labor-saving implantation methods, is made up of fertigation, rectilinear microspray irrigation, Slow release organic fertilizer device and using method:

A, laying drip fertigation device: lay double drip irrigation pipe near the rhizosphere of furrow face, drip irrigation pipe is PE pipe, and diameter 15mm adopts pressure-compensating water dropper, spacing 30cm, flow 3L ^.h ^-1, PE pipe is connected to diameter 100mmPVC and is responsible for, and supervisor is connected to dynamical system and filtration system;

B, lay rectilinear micro-sprinkling irrigation device: each vertical concrete column 1 at kind of planting-line two ends, concrete column height 2.3m, wide and be longly 0.15m, be embedded in underground 0.5m; Connect with steel wire rope between 2 concrete columns, through crown canopy, steel wire rope apart from ground 1.6m, and is screwed on concrete column; Connect the micro-spray flexible pipe of 60mm under PE pipe with thin wire on a steel cord by fixing for diameter 20mmPE pipe, puts 1 micro-spray flexible pipe in the middle of every two plant, and overlap the vertical pendant of micro-spray, lower wiring shape reflects mini sprinkler; PE pipe is connected to diameter 100mmPVC and is responsible for, and supervisor is connected to dynamical system and filtration system;

C, base manure device in spring is set: select Chicken dung in annual spring, every 20kg loads 1 snakeskin bag, 1 bag of fertilizer is put in soil surface as Slow release organic fertilizer in the middle of every two plant, keep flat, increase bag and garden mould contact surface as far as possible, the bag face contacted with garden mould need cut open, in order to fertilizer nutrient continue disengage.

The embodiment of the present invention's said pearl guava Labor-saving implantation methods:

A, monthly the next day (non-rainy day) open rectilinear micro-sprinkling irrigation device switch 3 hours, allow spray water can be sprayed onto the crown canopy of every strain fruit tree, whole orchard is in moisture state, and distributing due to moisture garden, garden, chicken manure absorbs moisture, nutrient dissolves and disengages infiltration soil, plays slowly-releasing continues fertilizer effect to fruit tree while moistening orchard;

B, per fraction of the year the four seasons adopt drip fertigation device to topdress, first drip clear water 30min during fertilising, after fertilizer is completely water-soluble, around from Cemented filling to root system of plant, after fertilising, again drip clear water 30min, and filter rinsed; Fertilizing amount and fertilizing time are: 1 ~ March of the annual Gregorian calendar, and urea 50 ~ 100g, MAP 10 ~ 40g, potassium sulfate 100 ~ 200g are executed in every strain; In 3 ~ June of the Gregorian calendar, urea 150 ~ 300g, MAP 100 ~ 150g, potassium sulfate 50 ~ 100g are executed in every strain; In 7 ~ October of the Gregorian calendar, urea 150 ~ 300g, MAP 10 ~ 50g, potassium sulfate 250 ~ 400g, amino acid 300 ~ 500g are executed in every strain; In 11 ~ December of the Gregorian calendar, urea 50 ~ 100g, potassium sulfate 100 ~ 150g are executed in every strain.

Have employed the present invention's said pearl guava Labor-saving implantation methods, with fertigation, rectilinear microspray irrigation and Slow release organic fertilizer three kinds of technique devices and using method integrated, implement when basal dressing in spring, fertilizer is placed in soil surface, avoid adopting too much manpower trench digging, when not injuring fruit tree radicula, allow absorb the chicken manure solution modeling of moisture ooze people's trunks of fruit trees under soil in fruit tree fertilizer; Fertigation technology is adopted when Growing season topdresses, as long as staff opens drip fertigation device, fertilizer is completely water-soluble, around from Cemented filling to root system of plant, directly to applying fruit trees with fertilizer; When pouring water, as long as also staff opens rectilinear micro-sprinkling irrigation device, adopt rectilinear sprinkler irrigation technique, allow spray water can be sprayed onto the crown canopy of every strain fruit tree, whole orchard is in moisture state, significantly reduces manual labor's recruitment in ' pearl ' guava orchard.So annual artificially applying fertilizer and irrigation period can reduce more than 60%, and fruit per mu yield improves more than 15%, fruit per kilogram price comparatively on market mill run improve more than 20%, and to have cut off because of the approach causing guava root knot nematode disease to be propagated that applies fertilizer.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of the said a kind of pearl guava Labor-saving implantation methods of the present invention.

specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

Buddhist base, the fruit world nine, Guangzhou, is positioned at Kowloon town, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, is hills area in the middle part of Guangzhou, and have ' pearl ' guava and produce Demonstration Garden 1ha, field is slide rock light loam, and plant line-spacing 2.5m × 3.5m, 1/15ha plants 80 strains.2013, set up altogether fertigation, rectilinear micro-sprinkling irrigation device 1 overlaps, annual use rectilinear sprinkler irrigation technique work time cost of pouring water to be 550 yuan; Adopting and fertilizer is placed in soil surface work time cost is 2500 yuan; Adopt fertigation, urea 80g, MAP 10g, potassium sulfate 110g are executed in the Gregorian calendar every strain in 1 ~ March, and in 3 ~ June of the Gregorian calendar, urea 210g, MAP 100g, potassium sulfate 50g are executed in every strain; In 7 ~ October of the Gregorian calendar, urea 190g, MAP 10g, potassium sulfate 350g, amino acid 300g are executed in every strain; In 11 ~ December of the Gregorian calendar, urea 70g, potassium sulfate 100g are executed in every strain, annual fertigation 31 times, each 2 hours, and conversion work time cost is 713 yuan.

After this orchard adopts this inventive method, labor significantly reduces, year artificially applying fertilizer and irrigation period reduce 64.2%, orchard output increased 16.1%, per kilogram fruit unit price improves 25%, the expenses such as deduction facility material, installation, maintenance, uses the present invention's just recoverable facility cost then, comparatively conventional method net profit increases by 28807 yuan simultaneously, and revenue growth 24.4%(is in table 1 table 2).

the recruitment situation of Kowloon town ' pearl ' guava orchard different land use patterns in the middle part of table 1 Guangzhou

Note: the orchard amount of labour used manually calculates by average 1 (lower same)

the economic benefits comparison of Kowloon town ' pearl ' guava orchard different land use patterns in the middle part of table 2 Guangzhou

Embodiment 2

Husky base, ten thousand hectares, the fruit world, Guangzhou, is positioned at Qing Sha town, Nansha District, Guangzhou ten thousand, and be River Network, south, Guangzhou, fluviatile loam, have ' pearl ' guava and produce Demonstration Garden 2.2ha, plant line-spacing 2 × 3m, 1/15ha plants 110 strains.2013, set up altogether fertigation, rectilinear micro-sprinkling irrigation device 1 overlaps, annual use rectilinear sprinkler irrigation technique work time cost of pouring water to be 300 yuan; Adopting and fertilizer is placed in soil surface work time cost is 4500 yuan; Adopt fertigation, urea 80g, MAP 10g, potassium sulfate 110g are executed in the Gregorian calendar every strain in 1 ~ March, and in 3 ~ June of the Gregorian calendar, urea 210g, MAP 100g, potassium sulfate 50g are executed in every strain; In 7 ~ October of the Gregorian calendar, urea 190g, MAP 10g, potassium sulfate 350g, amino acid 300g are executed in every strain; In 11 ~ December of the Gregorian calendar, urea 70g, potassium sulfate 100g are executed in every strain, annual fertigation 31 times, each 2 hours, and conversion work time cost is 600 yuan.

After this orchard adopts this inventive method, year artificially applying fertilizer and irrigation period reduce 62.5%, orchard output increased 15.4%, per kilogram fruit unit price improves 33.3%, the expenses such as deduction facility material, installation, maintenance, use the present invention's just recoverable facility cost then, comparatively conventional method net profit increases by 92354 yuan simultaneously, and revenue growth 31.3%(is in table 3 table 4).

the recruitment situation of south, table 3 Guangzhou ten thousand Qing Sha town ' pearl ' guava orchard different land use patterns

the economic benefits comparison of south, table 4 Guangzhou ten thousand Qing Sha town ' pearl ' guava orchard different land use patterns

Embodiment 3

Folk music base, the fruit world, Guangzhou, is positioned at Guangzhou from change Ao Tou town, district, and be Guangzhou North Down area, slide rock clay loam, have ' pearl ' guava and produce Demonstration Garden 2ha, plant line-spacing 2 × 4m, 1/15ha plants 85 strains.2013, set up altogether fertigation, rectilinear micro-sprinkling irrigation device 1 overlaps, annual use rectilinear sprinkler irrigation technique work time cost of pouring water to be 485 yuan; Adopting and fertilizer is placed in soil surface working hour expense is 4700 yuan; Adopt fertigation, urea 80g, MAP 10g, potassium sulfate 110g are executed in the Gregorian calendar every strain in 1 ~ March, and in 3 ~ June of the Gregorian calendar, urea 210g, MAP 100g, potassium sulfate 50g are executed in every strain; In 7 ~ October of the Gregorian calendar, urea 190g, MAP 10g, potassium sulfate 350g, amino acid 300g are executed in every strain; In 11 ~ December of the Gregorian calendar, urea 70g, potassium sulfate 100g are executed in every strain, annual fertigation 31 times, each 2 hours, and conversion work time cost is 790 yuan.

After this orchard adopts this inventive method, year artificially applying fertilizer and irrigation period reduce 68.6%, orchard output increased 18.5%, per kilogram fruit unit price improves 25%, the expenses such as deduction facility material, installation, maintenance, use the present invention's just recoverable facility cost then, comparatively conventional method net profit increases by 54618 yuan simultaneously, and revenue growth 23.4%(is in table 5 table 6).

the recruitment situation of northern Ao Tou town ' pearl ' guava orchard, table 5 Guangzhou different land use patterns

the economic benefits comparison of northern Ao Tou town ' pearl ' guava orchard, table 6 Guangzhou different land use patterns

Claims (2)

1. a pearl guava Labor-saving implantation methods, is characterized in that described Labor-saving implantation methods is made up of fertigation, rectilinear microspray irrigation, Slow release organic fertilizer device and using method:

A, laying drip fertigation device (1): lay double drip irrigation pipe near the rhizosphere of furrow face, drip irrigation pipe is PE pipe, and diameter 15mm adopts pressure-compensating water dropper, spacing 30cm, flow 3L ^.h ^-1, PE pipe is connected to diameter 100mmPVC and is responsible for, and supervisor is connected to dynamical system and filtration system;

B, lay rectilinear micro-sprinkling irrigation device (2): each vertical concrete column 1 at kind of planting-line two ends, concrete column height 2.3m, wide and be longly 0.15m, be embedded in underground 0.5m; Connect with steel wire rope between 2 concrete columns, through crown canopy, steel wire rope apart from ground 1.6m, and is screwed on concrete column; Connect the micro-spray flexible pipe of 60mm under PE pipe with thin wire on a steel cord by fixing for diameter 20mmPE pipe, puts 1 micro-spray flexible pipe in the middle of every two plant, and overlap the vertical pendant of micro-spray, lower wiring shape reflects mini sprinkler; PE pipe is connected to diameter 100mmPVC and is responsible for, and supervisor is connected to dynamical system and filtration system;

C, be set: select Chicken dung in annual spring base manure device in spring (3), every 20kg loads 1 snakeskin bag, 1 bag of fertilizer is put in soil surface as Slow release organic fertilizer in the middle of every two plant, keep flat, increase bag and garden mould contact surface as far as possible, the bag face contacted with garden mould need cut open, in order to fertilizer nutrient continue disengage.

2., according to claim 1 said pearl guava Labor-saving implantation methods, it is characterized in that:

A, monthly the next day (non-rainy day) open rectilinear micro-sprinkling irrigation device switch 3 hours, allow spray water can be sprayed onto the crown canopy of every strain fruit tree, whole orchard is in moisture state, and distributing due to moisture garden, garden, chicken manure absorbs moisture, nutrient dissolves and disengages infiltration soil, plays slowly-releasing continues fertilizer effect to fruit tree while moistening orchard;

B, per fraction of the year the four seasons adopt drip fertigation device to topdress, first drip clear water 30min during fertilising, after fertilizer is completely water-soluble, around from Cemented filling to root system of plant, after fertilising, again drip clear water 30min, and filter rinsed; Fertilizing amount and fertilizing time are: 1 ~ March of the annual Gregorian calendar, and urea 50 ~ 100g, MAP 10 ~ 40g, potassium sulfate 100 ~ 200g are executed in every strain; In 3 ~ June of the Gregorian calendar, urea 150 ~ 300g, MAP 100 ~ 150g, potassium sulfate 50 ~ 100g are executed in every strain; In 7 ~ October of the Gregorian calendar, urea 150 ~ 300g, MAP 10 ~ 50g, potassium sulfate 250 ~ 400g, amino acid 300 ~ 500g are executed in every strain; In 11 ~ December of the Gregorian calendar, urea 50 ~ 100g, potassium sulfate 100 ~ 150g are executed in every strain.