CN114342630B - Method for screening irrigation emitter suitable for red beauty people and fertilizer-liquid proportioning scheme - Google Patents
Method for screening irrigation emitter suitable for red beauty people and fertilizer-liquid proportioning scheme Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342630B CN114342630B CN202210069123.5A CN202210069123A CN114342630B CN 114342630 B CN114342630 B CN 114342630B CN 202210069123 A CN202210069123 A CN 202210069123A CN 114342630 B CN114342630 B CN 114342630B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for screening an irrigation emitter suitable for red beauty and a fertilizer-liquid ratio scheme n ‑k n Combining to form irrigation conditions W of small planting blocks of each red beauty i ‑p n ‑k n (ii) a Conventional douche W i For low level sprinkler irrigation W 1 High-speed water sprinkling irrigation device W 2 Annular drip irrigation emitter W 3 Water mixing tubular drip irrigation emitter W 4 Any one of them; evaluating the quality of the douche and the proportion of the fertilizer liquid according to the growth of the crops after multiple fertilization and the yield and quality of the crops, and screening to obtain the conditions suitable for planting and irrigating by the red beauty people; the invention can select the appropriate irrigation emitter and fertilizer liquid proportioning scheme for the red beauty under the condition of one-time test, more accurately and more accord with the actual production requirement, and further improve the irrigation quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to a method for screening an irrigation emitter suitable for red beauty people and a fertilizer-liquid proportioning scheme.
Background
The traditional fertilizer and water management means in China are mainly flood irrigation and broadcast application of large water, the utilization rate of fertilizer liquid for irrigation is low, and most of the fertilizer liquid is lost along with the ground potential, so that the phenomenon of resource waste is caused. Nowadays, irrigation modes are more and more diversified, technologies such as spraying and micro-irrigation (micro-sprinkling irrigation and drop irrigation) occupy important positions in water-saving irrigation technologies, and the type of an irrigator determines the efficiency and quality of irrigation, so that the growth of crops is influenced. In the aspect of fertilization, the suitable fertilizer liquid proportioning schemes for each crop are different, and the fertilizer proportioning schemes also have great influence on the growth of the crops. The red beauty is a hybrid variety of orange, and has good parthenocarpy capacity and continuous high yield. The crops have vigorous growth, high yield and large nutrient demand, and organic fertilizers can be applied more properly in cultivation management to ensure tree vigor and require balanced fertilizer supply.
Therefore, when the Hongmei is planted, in order to improve the growth speed and the growth quality of crops, the selection of a proper type of an emitter and a fertilizer-liquid proportioning scheme is very important.
At present, a method capable of effectively evaluating different douches, different fertilizer liquids and interaction thereof is lacked in China. Therefore, the evaluation method has important significance for the development of modern agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for screening an irrigation emitter and a fertilizer-liquid matching scheme suitable for red beauty people.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention designs a method for screening an irrigation emitter suitable for red beauty people and a fertilizer-liquid proportioning scheme, which comprises the following steps:
1) Irrigation condition for small planting blocks of Hongmei
Dividing the planting area of red beauty into a plurality of small blocks, and adding phosphorus pentoxide (P) into each red beauty under the premise that the nitrogen input amount of each red beauty in the whole area is the same 2 O 5 ) On the upper partThe lower limit is divided into a plurality of phosphorus pentoxide feeding points p n ，p n Is 40 to 120g per plant,
at each phosphorus pentoxide addition point, in potassium oxide (K) 2 O) a potassium oxide introduction point k within the upper and lower limits n ，k n Is 80 to 150g per plant,
all phosphorus pentoxide are added to the point p n And all potassium oxide input points k n Arranged and combined to form a phosphorus-potassium feeding point p n -k n (ii) a And in each small red beauty planting block, the phosphorus and potassium of each red beauty is added into a point p n -k n The same;
the conventional irrigator W is laid in each small red beauty planting block i Namely the irrigation condition W of the small planted blocks of the Hongmei i -p n -k n ；
Conventional douche W i For low level sprinkling irrigation water unit W 1 High-speed water sprinkling irrigation device W 2 Annular drip irrigation emitter W 3 Water mixing tubular drip irrigation emitter W 4 Any one of them;
2) And (4) carrying out index measurement when the red beauty is in the stage of leading results.
(1) Yield: weighing the red beauty fruits harvested in each red beauty planting cell, and calculating the yield;
(2) Quality: selecting fruits with consistent development status in each treatment, and measuring the quality of the red beauty fruits (taking the average value of 2 measurements as the final quality); the fruit quality comprises the content of soluble solids (TSS), the content of Titratable Acid (TA), the content of Vc (TSS, titratable Acid (TA) and Vc contents are determined by referring to GB/T8210-2011) and the moisture content MC of the red beauty people (fruit moisture content is determined by referring to GB/T8858-1988).
3) Statistical analysis of data
Performing data calculation by using Microsoft Excel 2010; SPSS19.0 for statistical analysis, and a DUncan method for multiple comparison;
4) Screening to obtain the irrigation conditions of the planting area of the Hongmei according to the yield, quality parameters and evaluation standards of the Hongmei, wherein,
the evaluation standard of the red beauty output is the average red beauty output per plant of each red beauty planted small block, and the evaluation standard is as follows:
when the yield of each plant is more than or equal to 42kg, the evaluation quality grade is 'A';
when the yield of each plant is less than or equal to 38kg and less than 42kg, the evaluation quality grade is B;
when the yield of each plant is less than or equal to 30kg and less than 38kg, the evaluation quality grade is 'C';
when the yield of each plant is less than 30kg, the evaluation quality grade is D;
wherein the evaluation grades are A, B, C, D from superior to inferior;
the evaluation standard of the quality of the red beauty fruit comprises the content of soluble solids (TSS), the content of Vc, the solid acid ratio and the water content ratio MC of the red beauty, and the solid acid ratio = the content of the soluble solids (TTS content)/the content of titratable acid (TA content) of the red beauty is calculated;
a. the Soluble Solids (TSS) content evaluation criteria were as follows:
when the TSS is more than or equal to 13 percent, the quality grade is 'A';
when the TSS is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than 13 percent, the quality grade is B;
when the TSS is more than or equal to 11 percent and less than or equal to 12 percent, the quality grade is 'C';
when TSS < 11% quality grade is 'D';
the evaluation standard of Vc content is as follows:
when Vc is more than or equal to 34mg/100g, the quality rating is 'A';
when Vc is more than or equal to 31mg/100g and less than 34mg/100g, the quality grade is 'B';
when Vc is more than or equal to 28mg/100g and less than 31mg/100g, the quality grade is 'C';
when Vc is less than 28mg/100g, the quality grade is 'D';
c. the solid acid ratio evaluation criteria were as follows:
when the solid acid ratio is more than or equal to 22, the evaluation quality grade is 'A';
when the acid-solid ratio is more than or equal to 18 and less than 22, the evaluation quality grade is B;
when the acid-solid ratio is more than or equal to 15 and less than 18, the evaluation quality grade is 'C';
when the solid acid ratio is less than 15, the quality grade is evaluated as D;
d. the evaluation standard of the water content MC of the red beauty is as follows
When the MC is more than or equal to 82 percent, the evaluation quality grade is 'A';
when MC is more than or equal to 80 percent and less than 82 percent, the evaluation quality grade is B;
when MC is more than 78% and less than 80%, the evaluation quality grade is 'C';
when the MC% < 78%, the quality grade is evaluated as 'D';
wherein the evaluation grades are A, B, C, D from superior to inferior;
the composite score of each red beauty planting small block is m × 100+ n × 80+ p × 70+ q × 60;
wherein m, n, p and q are the rating number of A, B, C, D of each Hongmei planted plot respectively;
according to the comprehensive evaluation of the yield and the quality of the red beauty, determining the most suitable conditions for planting and irrigating the red beauty:
if the highest score of the comprehensive scores is the only one, the small red beauty planting block irrigation condition with the high comprehensive scores is the most suitable condition for red beauty planting irrigation;
or if the highest comprehensive score and multiple comprehensive scores are equal, the irrigation conditions of the small red beauty planting blocks with high solid acid ratio grades are the conditions most suitable for the red beauty planting irrigation.
Furthermore, the red beauty planting small blocks all adopt a typical furrow-ridge film covering planting mode, the planting variety is a pretty girl 28, and no fruit tree is hung.
Furthermore, the head of the Hongmei planting small block is provided with a flowmeter and an electromagnetic valve independently, when only irrigation is carried out but no fertilizer is applied, all irrigation is carried out simultaneously, and the flowmeter and the electromagnetic valve are used for accurately controlling the water quantity of each irrigation treatment; the growth of red beauty is staged, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus pentoxide (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium oxide (K) 2 O) fertilizer is applied for 12 times, the fertilizer is applied for 4 times respectively in the growth periods of spring bud germination and spring shoot growth, the fertilizer is applied for 4 times in the period of summer shoot germination and summer shoot aging, and the fertilizer is applied for 4 times in the period of autumn shoot growth and autumn shoot aging, and the fertilizing amount is the same for each time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can select the appropriate irrigation emitter and fertilizer liquid proportioning scheme for the red beauty under the condition of one-time test, more accurately and more accord with the actual production requirement, and further improve the irrigation quality.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art can understand the invention.
A method for screening an irrigation emitter suitable for red beauty people and a fertilizer-liquid proportioning scheme comprises the following steps:
1) Irrigation condition for small planting blocks of Hongmei people
Dividing the planting area of red beauty into a plurality of small blocks, and adding phosphorus pentoxide (P) into each red beauty under the premise that the nitrogen input amount of each red beauty in the whole area is the same 2 O 5 ) The upper limit and the lower limit are divided into a plurality of phosphorus pentoxide feeding points p n ，p n Is 40 to 120g per plant,
at each phosphorus pentoxide addition point, in potassium oxide (K) 2 O) a potassium oxide introduction point k within the upper and lower limits n ，k n Is 80 to 150g per plant,
all phosphorus pentoxide are added to the point p n And all potassium oxide input points k n Permutation and combination to form P-K feeding point n -k n (ii) a And in each small red beauty planting block, the phosphorus and potassium of each red beauty is added into a point p n -k n The same;
the conventional irrigator W is paved in each small planting block of the red beauty people i Namely the irrigation condition W of the small planted blocks of the Hongmei i -p n -k n ；
Conventional douche W i For low level sprinkler irrigation W 1 High-speed sprinkling irrigation device W 2 Annular drip irrigation emitter W 3 Water-mixing tubular drip irrigation emitter W 4 Any one of them; the red beauty planting small blocks all adopt a typical furrow-ridge film covering planting mode, the planting variety is pretty girl 28, and no fruit tree is hung; and the red beauty planting districtThe head of each block is provided with a flowmeter and an electromagnetic valve independently, when only irrigation is carried out but no fertilizer is applied, all irrigation is carried out simultaneously, and the flowmeter and the electromagnetic valve are used for accurately controlling the water quantity of each irrigation treatment; the growth of red beauty is staged, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus pentoxide (P) 2 O 5 ) And potassium oxide (K) 2 O) applying the fertilizer for 12 times, respectively applying the fertilizer for 4 times in the growth periods of spring bud germination and spring shoot germination, applying the fertilizer for 4 times in the late summer shoot germination and late summer shoot aging period, and applying the fertilizer for 4 times in the late autumn shoot growth and late autumn shoot aging period, wherein the fertilizer application amount is the same for each time;
2) And (4) carrying out index measurement when the red beauty is in the stage of leading results.
(1) Yield: weighing the red beauty fruits harvested in each red beauty planting cell, and calculating the yield;
(2) Quality: selecting fruits with consistent development status in each treatment, and measuring the quality of the red beauty fruits (taking the average value of 2 measurements as the final quality); wherein the fruit quality comprises soluble solid (TSS) content, titratable Acid (TA) content, vc content and moisture content of red and American people MC (TSS, titratable Acid (TA) and Vc content are determined by referring to GB/T8210-2011)
3) Statistical analysis of data
Performing data calculation by using Microsoft Excel 2010; SPSS19.0 for statistical analysis, and a DUncan method for multiple comparison;
4) According to the yield, quality parameters and evaluation standards of the Honmeiren, the irrigation conditions of the Honmeiren planting area are obtained by screening, wherein,
the evaluation standard of the red beauty output is the average red beauty output per plant of each red beauty planted small block, and the evaluation standard is as follows:
when the yield of each plant is more than or equal to 42kg, the evaluation quality grade is 'A';
when the yield of each plant is less than or equal to 38kg and less than 42kg, the evaluation quality grade is B;
when the yield of each plant is less than or equal to 30kg, the evaluation quality grade is C when the yield of each plant is less than 38 kg;
when the yield of each plant is less than 30kg, the evaluation quality grade is D;
wherein the evaluation grades from good to bad are A, B, C, D respectively;
the evaluation standard of the quality of the red beauty fruit comprises the content of soluble solids (TSS), the content of Vc and the solid acid ratio, and the solid acid ratio = the content of the soluble solids (TTS content)/the content of titratable acid (TA content) of the red beauty is calculated;
a. the evaluation criteria for soluble solids (TSS) content were as follows:
when the TSS is more than or equal to 13 percent, the quality grade is 'A';
when the TSS is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than 13 percent, the quality grade is B;
when the TSS is more than or equal to 11 percent and less than or equal to 12 percent, the quality grade is 'C';
when TSS < 11% quality grade is 'D';
the evaluation standard of Vc content is as follows:
when Vc is more than or equal to 34mg/100g, the quality rating is 'A';
when Vc is more than or equal to 31mg/100g and less than 34mg/100g, the quality grade is 'B';
when Vc is more than or equal to 28mg/100g and less than 31mg/100g, the quality grade is 'C';
when Vc is less than 28mg/100g, the quality grade is 'D';
c. the solid acid ratio evaluation criteria were as follows:
when the solid acid ratio is more than or equal to 22, the evaluation quality grade is 'A';
when the solid acid ratio is more than or equal to 18 and less than 22, the evaluation quality grade is B;
when the solid acid ratio is more than or equal to 15 and less than 18, the evaluation quality grade is 'C';
when the solid acid ratio is less than 15, the quality grade is evaluated as D;
d. the evaluation standard of the water content MC of the red beauty is as follows
When the MC is more than or equal to 82 percent, the evaluation quality grade is 'A';
when MC is more than or equal to 80% and less than 82%, the evaluation quality grade is B;
when MC is more than 78% and less than 80%, the evaluation quality grade is 'C';
when the MC% < 78%, the quality grade is evaluated as 'D';
wherein the evaluation grades from good to bad are A, B, C, D respectively;
the composite score of each red beauty planting small block is m × 100+ n × 80+ p × 70+ q × 60;
wherein m, n, p and q are the rating number of A, B, C, D of each Hongmei planted plot respectively;
according to the comprehensive evaluation of the yield and the quality of the red beauty, determining the most suitable conditions for planting and irrigating the red beauty:
if the highest score of the comprehensive scores is unique, the irrigation condition of the small red beauty planting blocks with high comprehensive scores is the most suitable condition for red beauty planting irrigation;
or if the highest scores of the comprehensive scores are equal, the irrigation conditions of the small red beauty planting blocks with high solid acid ratio grades are the conditions most suitable for the red beauty planting irrigation.
Based on the screening method and combined with the actual planting situation, the grower substitutes different types of douches and fertilizer liquid ratios into the screening method, so as to obtain the optimal condition suitable for locally planting the red beauty; the water and fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the crops can be irrigated by the most suitable fertilizer liquid according to the characteristics of the crops, the crop yield is improved, and resources are saved, so that the development of rural modernization is promoted.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and all of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for screening an irrigation emitter suitable for red beauty people and a fertilizer-liquid proportioning scheme is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Irrigation condition for small planting blocks of Hongmei people
Dividing the planting area of red beauty into a plurality of small blocks, and adding phosphorus pentoxide (P) into each red beauty under the premise that the nitrogen input amount of each red beauty in the whole area is the same 2 O 5 ) Divided into a plurality of phosphorus pentoxide drops within the upper and lower limitsPoint p n ，p n Is 40 to 120g per plant,
at each phosphorus pentoxide addition point, in potassium oxide (K) 2 O) is divided into potassium oxide feeding points k within the upper and lower limits n ，k n Is 80 to 150g per plant,
all phosphorus pentoxide are added to the point p n And all potassium oxide input points k n Arranged and combined to form a phosphorus-potassium feeding point p n -k n (ii) a And in each small planting block of the red beauty, the phosphorus and potassium of each red beauty is added into the point p n -k n The same;
the conventional irrigator W is laid in each small red beauty planting block i Namely the irrigation condition W of the small planted blocks of the Hongmei i -p n -k n ；
Wherein, the conventional douche W i For low level sprinkler irrigation W 1 High-speed water sprinkling irrigation device W 2 Annular drip irrigation emitter W 3 Water mixing tubular drip irrigation emitter W 4 Any one of them;
2) Index determination is carried out when the red beauty is in the stage of leading result
(1) Yield: weighing the red beauty fruits harvested in each red beauty planting cell, and calculating the yield;
(2) Quality: selecting fruits with consistent development status in each treatment, and measuring the quality of the red beauty fruits; wherein the fruit quality comprises soluble solid content, titratable acid content, vc content and water content MC of the red beauty;
3) Statistical analysis of data
Performing data calculation by using Microsoft Excel 2010; SPSS19.0 for statistical analysis, and a DUncan method for multiple comparison;
4) Screening to obtain the irrigation conditions of the planting area of the Hongmei according to the yield, quality parameters and evaluation standards of the Hongmei, wherein,
the evaluation standard of the red beauty output is the average red beauty output per plant of each red beauty planted small block, and the evaluation standard is as follows:
when the yield of each plant is more than or equal to 42kg, the quality grade is A;
when the yield of each plant is less than or equal to 38kg and less than 42kg, the evaluation quality grade is B;
when the yield of each plant is less than or equal to 30kg and less than 38kg, the evaluation quality grade is 'C';
when the yield of each plant is less than 30kg, the evaluation quality grade is D;
wherein the evaluation grades are A, B, C, D from superior to inferior;
the evaluation standard of the quality of the red beauty fruit comprises the content of soluble solids, the content of Vc and the solid-acid ratio, and the solid-acid ratio = the content of the soluble solids/the content of titratable acid of the red beauty is calculated;
a. the soluble solid content evaluation criteria were as follows:
when the TSS is more than or equal to 13 percent, the quality grade is 'A';
when the TSS is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than 13 percent, the quality grade is B;
when the TSS is more than or equal to 11 percent and less than or equal to 12 percent, the quality grade is 'C';
when TSS < 11% quality grade is 'D';
the evaluation standard of Vc content is as follows:
when Vc is more than or equal to 34mg/100g, the quality rating is 'A';
when Vc is more than or equal to 31mg/100g and less than 34mg/100g, the quality grade is 'B';
when Vc is more than or equal to 28mg/100g and less than 31mg/100g, the quality grade is 'C';
when Vc is less than 28mg/100g, the quality grade is 'D';
c. the solid acid ratio evaluation criteria were as follows:
when the solid acid ratio is more than or equal to 22, the evaluation quality grade is 'A';
when the solid acid ratio is more than or equal to 18 and less than 22, the evaluation quality grade is B;
when the acid-solid ratio is more than or equal to 15 and less than 18, the evaluation quality grade is 'C';
when the solid acid ratio is less than 15, the quality grade is evaluated as D;
d. the evaluation standard of the water content MC of the red beauty is as follows
When the MC is more than or equal to 82 percent, the quality grade is A;
when MC is more than or equal to 80% and less than 82%, the evaluation quality grade is B;
when MC is more than 78% and less than 80%, the evaluation quality grade is 'C';
when the MC% is less than 78%, the quality grade is evaluated as 'D';
wherein the evaluation grades are A, B, C, D from superior to inferior;
the composite score of each small block planted by red meiren is m × 100+ n × 80+ p × 70+ q × 60; wherein m, n, p and q are the rating number of A, B, C, D of each Hongmei planted plot respectively;
according to the comprehensive evaluation of the yield and the quality of the red beauty, determining the most suitable conditions for planting and irrigating the red beauty:
if the highest score of the comprehensive scores is unique, the irrigation condition of the small red beauty planting blocks with high comprehensive scores is the most suitable condition for red beauty planting irrigation;
or if the highest scores of the comprehensive scores are equal, the irrigation conditions of the small red beauty planting blocks with high solid acid ratio grades are the conditions most suitable for the red beauty planting irrigation.
2. The method for screening the solution for the ratio of the emitter to the fertilizer to the liquid for red beauty as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the red beauty planting small blocks all adopt a typical ditch-ridge film-covering planting mode, and the planting variety is a pretty girl of 28 and does not hang fruit trees.
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