CN112042354B - Water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for Pingguo hybrid hazelnut - Google Patents
Water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for Pingguo hybrid hazelnut Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for hybrid hazelnuts, belonging to the technical field of agricultural irrigation fertilization and comprising the following steps: the early spring fertilizer, the spring end fertilizer, the summer fertilizer and the autumn fertilizer are applied to the Pingyou hybrid hazelnut by a drip irrigation mode. The invention effectively promotes the yield of hybrid hazelnuts of Pingyou, greatly reduces the fertilizing amount and the irrigation amount, saves a large amount of resources and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation and fertilization, and particularly relates to a water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for hybrid hazelnuts.
Background
China is one of the countries with serious shortage of water resources, the agricultural water consumption accounts for 63% of the total water consumption in China, and the agricultural irrigation water accounts for 90% of the agricultural water consumption. The shortage of agricultural water severely restricts the sustainable development of agriculture in China. A great deal of waste of water resources is also caused because the agricultural irrigation technology is relatively backward. At present, with the popularization and improvement of field management technologies such as a shaping and pruning technology, an improved variety matching technology, a comprehensive pest control technology and the like of hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou, fertilizer and water management gradually becomes a bottleneck of increasing both production and income of a plurality of hazelnut fields. On one hand, in the cultivation and management process of hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou, the phenomenon that inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are excessively applied to hazelnut farmers to obtain high yield causes soil acidification hardening and serious water resource pollution, and brings huge pressure to natural ecological environment. In the dry months of the growing season, the hazelnut garden with irrigation conditions mostly adopts a large water flood irrigation measure to relieve the harm of the drought to the hazelnut trees, so that a large amount of water resources are wasted; the hazelnut garden without irrigation condition can only wait for rainfall to relieve drought, causing serious damage to hazelnut farmers. On the other hand, when the hazelnut is applied with base fertilizer and partial additional fertilizer, the hazelnut needs to be dug and fertilized, and the shallow root system plant such as hybrid hazelnut in Pingyou is easy to damage the root system and increase the labor cost, which causes difficult large-scale operation of the hazelnut garden.
The water and fertilizer integration technology is developed rapidly in Israel agriculture at the earliest, and through the development of more than 40 years after the introduction of China in the last 70 th century, the water and fertilizer integration technology in China reaches the international advanced level. A water-fertilizer integration technique is an agricultural technique integrating irrigation and fertilization, which mixes a soluble solid or liquid fertilizer with irrigation water according to the soil nutrient content and the fertilizer requirement rule and characteristics of crop species, supplies water and fertilizer through a controllable pipeline system, realizes uniform, timed and quantitative spraying in the crop growth area, keeps the soil in the main growth area always loose and appropriate water content, simultaneously carries out the demand design of different growth periods according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics, soil environment and nutrient content conditions and fertilizer requirement rule conditions of different crops, and regularly and quantitatively supplies water and nutrients to the crops directly according to proportion.
The water and fertilizer integration technology greatly improves the utilization rate of irrigation water and fertilizer, reduces the application amount of the fertilizer and water consumption, but the water and fertilizer integration technology exists in the concept for most fruit trees at present, plays the effect of traditional fertilization while saving water and fertilizer, is in the groping stage, and is difficult to implement particularly for emerging economic forest tree species corylus heterophylla hybrid trees.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou, which effectively promotes the yield of Pingyou hybrid hazelnuts by combining drip irrigation through different fertilization time, fertilization amount and fertilization types, and greatly reduces the fertilization amount and irrigation amount, saves a large amount of resources and reduces the production cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for hybrid hazelnuts, which comprises the following steps: applying early spring fertilizer, spring end fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer to the Pingyou hybrid hazel tree in a drip irrigation mode;
calculated by the nutrient needed by 1kg of fresh hazel fruit per production,
the early spring fertilizer is applied with pure N26.64-53.28 kg/hm2、P2O517.20～34.40kg/hm2And K2O15.67～31.33kg/hm2；
The spring end fertilizer is applied with 26.63-53.27 kg/hm of pure N2、P2O522.94～45.87kg/hm2And K2O11.47～22.94kg/hm2；
The summer fertilizer is applied with pure N26.63-53.26 kg/hm2、P2O511.47～22.94kg/hm2And K2O15.67～31.33kg/hm2；
The autumn fertilizer is applied with pure N8.88-17.75 kg/hm2、P2O55.74～11.47kg/hm2And K2O15.67～31.33kg/hm2。
Preferably, early spring fertilizer is applied in the young shoot elongation stage of the hybrid hazelnut tree.
Preferably, spring end fertilizer is applied to the new shoots of the hybrid hazel trees in the vigorous growth period of the hybrid hazel trees in Pingyou.
Preferably, summer fertilizer is applied to the kernels of the hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou in the filling period.
Preferably, autumn fertilizer is applied after the fruits of the hybrid hazel trees are harvested.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer to hybrid hazelnut in spring or autumn.
Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a magnesium fertilizer.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises rotten poultry manure and/or compost, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is 33000-49500 kg/hm2。
Preferably, the effective calcium amount of the calcium fertilizer is 392-434 kg/hm2。
Preferably, the magnesium fertilizerThe application amount of the effective magnesium is 50-57 kg/hm based on the amount of the effective magnesium2。
The invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou, which comprises the following steps: applying early spring fertilizer, spring end fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer to the Pingyou hybrid hazelnut trees in a drip irrigation mode; the early spring fertilizer is applied with 26.64-53.28 kg/hm of pure N based on the nutrients required by 1kg of fresh hazelnuts per production2、P2O517.20～34.40kg/hm2And K2O 15.67～31.33kg/hm2(ii) a The spring end fertilizer is applied with 26.63-53.27 kg/hm of pure N2、P2O522.94～45.87kg/hm2And K2O 11.47～22.94kg/hm2(ii) a The summer fertilizer is applied with pure N26.63-53.26 kg/hm2、P2O5 11.47～22.94kg/hm2And K2O15.67～31.33kg/hm2(ii) a The autumn fertilizer is applied with pure N8.88-17.75 kg/hm2、P2O55.74～11.47kg/hm2And K2O 15.67～31.33kg/hm2。
The invention has the following advantages:
based on the growth characteristics and nutrient requirement rules of the hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou, the yield of the hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou is effectively promoted by combining a water and fertilizer integrated fertilization technology with different fertilization time, fertilization amount and fertilization types, and meanwhile, the fertilization amount and irrigation amount are greatly reduced, a large amount of resources are saved, and the production cost is reduced. The method is convenient to operate, simple in implementation method, large in yield improvement and suitable for large-scale popularization and application in the field of hazelnut production.
Compared with the conventional fertilization method, the method has the advantages that: the nutrient required by the tree body is timely complemented in the key fertilizer-requiring period of the growth and development of the hazelnut, meanwhile, the fertilizer consumption is saved by about 50 percent, and the yield is remarkably improved by more than 30 percent.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou, which comprises the following steps: applying early spring fertilizer, spring end fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer to the Pingyou hybrid hazelnut trees in a drip irrigation mode;
the early spring fertilizer is applied with 26.64-53.28 kg/hm of pure N based on the nutrients required by 1kg of fresh hazelnuts per production2、P2O517.20～34.40kg/hm2And K2O 15.67～31.33kg/hm2(ii) a The spring end fertilizer is applied with 26.63-53.27 kg/hm of pure N2、P2O5 22.94～45.87kg/hm2And K2O11.47～22.94kg/hm2(ii) a The summer fertilizer is applied with pure N26.63-53.26 kg/hm2、P2O511.47～22.94kg/hm2And K2O 15.67～31.33kg/hm2(ii) a The autumn fertilizer is applied with pure N8.88-17.75 kg/hm2、P2O55.74～11.47kg/hm2And K2O 15.67～31.33kg/hm2。
The planting density of hybrid hazelnuts according to Pingyou is 1650 strains/hm2Calculating the fertilizing amount by calculating the nutrient needed by each 1.0kg of fresh hazelnut.
According to the invention, the early spring fertilizer is applied with pure N26.64-53.28 kg/hm based on the nutrients required by 1kg of fresh hazelnuts produced2、P2O517.20～34.40kg/hm2And K2O 15.67～31.33kg/hm2. The early spring fertilizer is not specially limited, and the early spring fertilizer is prepared by adopting a conventional water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In the present invention, the fertilization mode of the early spring fertilizer preferably includes: fertigation is carried out for 2 times every day, 10 liters per plant is carried out every time, the number of days of fertigation is 7d, and the early spring fertilizer is used for carrying out average drip irrigation according to the number of days of drip irrigation and the number of times of drip irrigation, and the total amount of the fertilizer is used for each time every day. In the invention, the early spring fertilizer promotes the growth of branches and leaves, promotes the nutrient accumulation of trees and provides sufficient nutrients for the development of young fruits. The invention preferably applies early spring fertilizer in the young shoot elongation stage of the hybrid hazelnut tree.
According to the invention, the spring powder fertilizer is applied with 26.63-53.27 kg/hm of pure N based on the nutrients required by 1kg of fresh hazelnut fruits per production2、P2O522.94～45.87kg/hm2And K2O 11.47～22.94kg/hm2. The spring end fertilizer is not specially limited, and the spring end fertilizer can be prepared by adopting a conventional water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In the invention, the spring end fertilizer is appliedThe formula preferably includes: fertigation is carried out for 2 times every day, 10 liters per plant is carried out every time, the number of days of fertigation is 7d, and spring end fertilizers are used for carrying out average drip irrigation according to the number of days of drip irrigation and the number of times of drip irrigation, and the amount of drip irrigation is calculated every time every day. In the invention, the spring end fertilizer meets the nutrient requirements of rapid growth of branches and development of young fruits. The invention preferably applies spring end fertilizer in the vigorous growth period of the new shoot of the hybrid hazel tree in Pingyou.
According to the invention, the summer fertilizer is applied with pure N26.63-53.26 kg/hm in terms of nutrients required by 1kg of fresh hazelnuts per production2、P2O511.47～22.94kg/hm2And K2O 15.67～31.33kg/hm2. The summer fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the conventional water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is adopted. In the present invention, the fertilization method of the summer fertilizer preferably includes: fertigation is carried out for 2 times every day, 10 liters per plant each time, the number of fertigation days is 7d, and the fertigation is carried out according to the number of drip irrigation days and the drip irrigation frequency in summer, and the drip irrigation is carried out according to the total amount each time every day. In the invention, the summer fertilizer promotes the growth of fruits and enriches kernels with required nutrients. The invention preferably applies summer fertilizer during the kernel filling period of the hybrid hazelnut.
The invention applies 8.88-17.75 kg/hm of pure N to the autumn fertilizer based on the nutrient required by producing 1kg of fresh hazelnut fruits2、P2O55.74～11.47kg/hm2And K2O 15.67～31.33kg/hm2. The autumn fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the autumn fertilizer is prepared by adopting a conventional water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In the present invention, the autumn fertilizer application method preferably includes: fertigation is carried out for 2 times every day, 10 liters per plant is carried out every time, the number of days of fertigation is 7d, and autumn fertilizers are used for carrying out average drip irrigation according to the number of days of drip irrigation and the number of times of drip irrigation and the total amount of each time every day. In the invention, the autumn fertilizer promotes the accumulation of nutrients of the tree body, particularly the branches growing in the same year are robust, and the overwintering cold resistance and branch anti-stripping capability of the tree body are improved. Applying autumn fertilizer after the fruits of the hybrid hazelnut trees are harvested. The method preferably starts to apply the autumn fertilizer in the last ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 9 months.
In the invention, the fertilization modes of the spring end fertilizer and the summer fertilizer preferably comprise: and (3) fertigation is carried out for 2 times every day, 10 liters per plant every time, the number of drip irrigation days is 7 days, if no rainfall exists in the test area or the rainfall cannot permeate to the ground surface by 15cm, the production water is required to be continuously drip irrigated for 2 times every day, 10 liters per plant every time, the production water is continuously drip irrigated from 5 months and 20 days to 8 months and 1 day, and the drip irrigation time is 72 days. And if natural rainfall can be soaked to 15cm below the ground surface or above, stopping drip irrigation for 3 days.
In the present invention, the fertilizing method preferably further comprises: applying base fertilizer to hybrid hazelnut in spring or autumn. In the present invention, the base fertilizer preferably includes an organic fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a magnesium fertilizer. In the invention, the organic fertilizer preferably comprises rotten poultry manure and/or compost, and the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 33000-49500 kg/hm2More preferably 41250kg/hm2. In the invention, when the organic fertilizer preferably comprises rotten poultry manure and compost, the mass ratio of the rotten poultry manure to the compost is not particularly limited, and any mass ratio can be adopted. In the invention, the calcium fertilizer is preferably calculated by the effective calcium amount, and the application amount of the effective calcium is preferably 392-434 kg/hm2More preferably 412.8kg/hm2. In the invention, the magnesium fertilizer is preferably calculated by effective magnesium, and the application amount of the effective magnesium is preferably 50-57 kg/hm2More preferably 53.3kg/hm2. In the present invention, the base fertilizer is preferably applied in the first 5 th of spring or the first 10 th of autumn. In the invention, the base fertilizer is preferably mechanically and rotationally planted into soil, and the rotary tillage depth is preferably 10-15 cm.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Test site and variety to be tested
Test site: a Jinzhou black-mountain hazelnut test demonstration base of the economic forest research institute of Liaoning province in emerging Yangzhou black mountain of Jinzhou.
The test varieties are: reach vitamin, the tree age is 7-8 years old, the average crown width is 1.5-1.8 m, and the tree height is 1.8-2.2 m.
2. Test design and processing method
And (3) field test design: the fertilization test adopts 3 times of repeated, random block field test design, and 150 plants of each treated test tree. The irrigation test adopts 3 times of repetition, and the field test design of random block group is adopted to treat 150 test trees.
The fertilization and drip irrigation water level design is as follows: pure N, P2O5、K2O fertilizing amount/hm2+ drip irrigation treatment; applying base fertilizer in the last ten days of spring 5 months: decomposed chicken manure 41250.0kg/hm2Effective Ca 412.8kg/hm2Effective Mg 53.3kg/hm2(ii) a Early spring fertilization: 344.03kg/hm water soluble fertilizer (the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 15-30-15 percent) is applied2235.29kg/hm urea284.81kg/hm potassium sulfate2(ii) a Spring end fertilizer: 458.70kg/hm water soluble fertilizer (the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 15-30-15 percent) is applied2197.84kg/hm urea2(ii) a And (4) fertilizing in summer: 344.03kg/hm water soluble fertilizer (the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 20-20 percent) is applied2197.84kg/hm urea250.39kg/hm of potassium sulfate2(ii) a Fertilizer in autumn: 172.01kg/hm of water soluble fertilizer (the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 20-20 percent) 2Urea 41.0kg/hm2119.20kg/hm potassium sulfate2。
Fertilizing time: according to the fertilization level design, the base fertilizer is applied once in spring, and then a water-fertilizer and nitrogen-potassium fertilizer combined dressing test is carried out in key nutrient demand periods. The treatments were arranged in random blocks, and the field management was identical to the conventional treatment.
3. The fertilizer and the fertilizing method comprise the following steps:
decomposed chicken manure, calcium superphosphate and magnesium sulfate fertilizer are used as base fertilizers, and water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, urea and water-soluble potassium sulfate are used as nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium topdressing. And (3) carrying out water and fertilizer integrated treatment, respectively weighing and uniformly mixing different fertilizers according to the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the key period of nutrient demand, dissolving the fertilizers in water, and then fertilizing according to the fertilizer-water ratio of 1: 800-900. The expected fresh fruit production according to each treated test tree was 41250.0kg/hm2And (6) calculating the fertilizing amount.
4. A drip irrigation method comprises the steps of carrying out drip irrigation treatment test, wherein the early spring fertilizer, the spring end fertilizer, the summer fertilizer and the autumn fertilizer are subjected to drip irrigation fertilization for 2 times every day, and each time is 10 liters per plant; the drip irrigation days are 7 days; in spring end fertilizer and summer fertilizer periods, starting from 5 late ten days generally, if no rainfall exists in a test area or the rainfall cannot be drenched to the ground surface by below 15cm, 10 liters of production water per plant per day is needed, the production water is continuously dripped for 7 months and 31 days, and the drip irrigation time is 70 days. And if natural rainfall can be soaked to 15cm below the ground surface or above, stopping drip irrigation for 3 days.
5. Test site overview and scheduling
Overview of the test site: the test site is located in the midwest of Liaoning, is located in a temperate zone semihumid area, belongs to a continental monsoon climate in a temperate zone, and has an average annual temperature of 7.9 ℃, a frost-free period of 165 days and an average annual precipitation of 568.4 millimeters. The test field is mainly brown soil which is neutral or alkalescent, the content of organic matters in the soil is 0.97 percent, and the content of effective nitrogen is 38.36mg-1The available phosphorus content is 8.95mg.kg-1The effective potassium content is 386mg-1Exchangeable calcium content of 7308.8mg.kg-1Exchangeable magnesium content 709.2mg.kg-1. Belongs to soil with organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium deficiency.
Scheduling: the test was performed for 2 years starting from 2019 and ending at 2020.
6. Test survey item
Collecting test leaves in the last ten days of 8 months to determine the nutrient content; in autumn 30 trees per treatment were selected for average individual yield.
7. Statistical analysis method
Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Dunnett-t test.
Example 2
Pure N, P2O5、K2O fertilizing amount/hm2Half of the dosage of the embodiment 1, the base fertilizer is applied in the last 5 th of spring: decomposed chicken manure 41250.0kg/hm2Effective Ca 412.8kg/hm2Effective Mg 53.3kg/hm2(ii) a Early spring fertilization: 172.01kg/hm water soluble fertilizer (the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 15-30-15 percent) is applied 2117.65kg/hm urea242.41kg/hm potassium sulfate2(ii) a Spring end fertilizer: 229.35kg/hm water soluble fertilizer (the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 15-30-15 percent) is applied298.92kg/hm of urea2(ii) a And (4) fertilizing in summer: water soluble fertilizer(the effective nitrogen phosphorus and potassium content is 20% -20%) 172.02 g/plant, urea 98.92 g/plant and potassium sulfate 25.20kg/hm2(ii) a Fertilizer in autumn: 86.01kg/hm of water soluble fertilizer (the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 20-20 percent)220.51kg/hm of urea259.60kg/hm potassium sulfate2。
Drip irrigation treatment: the early spring fertilizer, the spring end fertilizer, the summer fertilizer and the autumn fertilizer are applied for 2 times every day by drip irrigation, and 10 liters of fertilizer is applied per plant each time; the drip irrigation days are 7 days; in spring end fertilizer and summer fertilizer periods, the fertilizer is generally started from 5 months and 20 days, if no rainfall exists in a test area or the rainfall cannot be drenched to the ground surface by below 15cm, the production water is required to be continuously drip-irrigated for 7 months and 31 days for 2 times per plant every day, wherein the drip-irrigation time is 70 days. And if natural rainfall can be soaked to 15cm below the ground surface or above, stopping drip irrigation for 3 days. The other steps are the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
Traditional fertilization: applying base fertilizer in the last ten days of spring 5 months: decomposed chicken manure 41250.0kg/hm2Effective Ca412.8kg/hm2Effective Mg 53.3kg/hm2(ii) a Early spring fertilization: 1237.5kg/hm of compound fertilizer (the content of effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15-15 percent) 2412.5kg/hm urea2(ii) a And (4) fertilizing in summer: 1072.5kg/hm of compound fertilizer (the content of effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15-15 percent)2。
In the traditional fertilization treatment, different fertilizers are respectively weighed and uniformly mixed according to the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and are applied to the test trees in a crown-under-furrow fertilization mode.
The traditional irrigation adopts tree tray irrigation, and the irrigation amount is 80 liters per plant each time; irrigating 4 times in early spring fertilizing period. Continuously irrigating from 5 months and 20 days to 7 months and 31 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 80 liters per plant each time, the irrigation is performed for 1 time every 3 days, the drip irrigation time is 24 days, and if natural rainfall can permeate 15cm below the ground surface and is more than or equal to the ground surface, the drip irrigation is stopped for 3 days.
The other steps are the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Traditional fertilizing amount: applying base fertilizer in the last ten days of spring 5 months: decomposed chicken manure 41250.0kg/hm2Effective Ca412.8kg/hm2Effective Mg 53.3kg/hm2(ii) a Early spring fertilization: composite fertilizer1237.5kg/hm fertilizer (effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 15% -15%)2412.5kg/hm urea2(ii) a And (4) fertilizing in summer: 1072.5kg/hm of compound fertilizer (the content of effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15-15 percent)2。
In the traditional fertilization treatment, different fertilizers are respectively weighed and uniformly mixed according to the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and are applied to the test trees in a crown-under-furrow fertilization mode.
Drip irrigation treatment: in early spring, drip irrigation with production water for 2 times every day, 10 liters per plant each time; the drip irrigation days are 7 days; beginning from the last ten days of 5 months, carrying out drip irrigation on the production water for 2 times every day, 10 liters per plant each time, continuously carrying out drip irrigation for 1 day in 8 months, wherein the drip irrigation time is 72 days, and stopping the drip irrigation for 3 days if natural rainfall can thoroughly wet the ground surface by 15cm or more.
The other steps are the same as in example 1.
The test results for examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are as follows:
influence of different fertilization and irrigation treatments on the yield of the test trees
The effect of different treatments of fertilization and irrigation on the yield of the test trees is shown in table 1. The yield (256.59 kg/mu) of the test tree is increased by 4.96 kg/mu compared with the yield (251.63 kg/mu) of the test tree of a control (comparative example 1) by combining soil fertilization with drip irrigation and irrigation treatment (comparative example 2), the yield difference of the test trees between the two treatments is not significant, but the irrigation quantity of the comparative example 2 is reduced by more than 30 percent compared with the comparative example 1; the yield of the test tree body (277.75 kg/mu) of the water and fertilizer integrated diagnosis fertilization amount combined with the drip irrigation treatment (example 1) is increased by 26.12 kg/mu compared with the yield (251.63 kg/mu) of the test tree of the comparative example 1, and the yield difference of the test trees between the two treatments is obvious; the yield (268.13 kg/mu) of the test tree treated by the water and fertilizer integrated diagnosis fertilization amount and half fertilization amount (example 2) is increased by 16.5 kg/mu compared with the yield (251.63 kg/mu) of the test tree of the comparative example 1, and the yield difference of the test tree between the two treatments is obvious; the yield of the hazel trees is increased by 9.62 kg/mu in example 1 compared with that of example 2, the difference between the yields of the tested trees is not obvious, but the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 50% in example 2 compared with that in comparative example 2, which shows that the application amount of the fertilizer can be saved while the yield of the hazel trees can be effectively improved by the water and fertilizer integrated fertilization treatment, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be obviously improved. The irrigation amount of all drip irrigation treatments is reduced by more than 30 percent compared with the control, which shows that the drip irrigation water consumption is reduced compared with the traditional flood irrigation.
TABLE 1 comparison of acre yields of hazelnuts treated by fertilization and irrigation
| Fertilising treatment | Investigation plant tree (plant) | Fresh fruit weight (kg) | Air-dried fruit weight (kg) | Mu yield (kg) |
| Comparative example 1 | 30 | 91.50 | 68.63 | 251.63a |
| Example 1 | 30 | 101.3 | 75.75 | 277.75c |
| Example 2 | 30 | 97.5 | 73.13 | 268.13bc |
| Comparative example 2 | 30 | 93.3 | 69.98 | 256.59ab |
Note: a. b and c show that the average yield difference of the two fertilization modes is obvious.
Influence of different fertilization and irrigation treatments on nutrition content of test leaves
The effect of different fertilization and irrigation treatments on the nutrient content of the test leaves is shown in table 2. The nutrient content of the leaves subjected to fertilization and irrigation treatment reaches a normal value, but the nutrient content of the leaves subjected to the water and fertilizer integrated test is superior to that of a control (comparative example 1) on the whole. Specifically, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents of the leaves of the test tree are higher than those of the corresponding nutrient elements of the leaves of the test tree of the control (comparative example 1) through the combination of soil fertilization and drip irrigation treatment (comparative example 2), and only the calcium content is slightly lower than that of the control, which shows that the drip irrigation treatment reduces the irrigation amount but has no influence on the nutrient contents of the leaves of the tree. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the leaves of the test tree in the water and fertilizer integrated diagnosis fertilization amount combined drip irrigation treatment (example 1) and the water and fertilizer integrated diagnosis fertilization amount half-amount fertilization treatment (example 2) is higher than that of the corresponding nutrient elements in the leaves of the test tree in the comparative example 2, which shows that the water and fertilizer integrated fertilization promotes the absorption of the tree body to the fertilizer nutrients and improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer; the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium of the leaves subjected to the water and fertilizer integrated diagnosis fertilization amount combined drip irrigation treatment (example 1) is slightly higher than that of the leaves subjected to the water and fertilizer integrated diagnosis fertilization amount half-amount fertilization treatment (example 2), but the difference is small, so that the water and fertilizer integrated fertilization treatment can effectively reduce the fertilizer application amount, but has little influence on the nutrition of the trees.
TABLE 2 comparison of nutrient contents of leaves of hazelnut after fertilization and irrigation
| Fertilising treatment | Nitrogen content% | Phosphorus% | Potassium content% | Calcium content% | Magnesium content% |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.32 | 0.14 | 0.53 | 1.86 | 0.26 |
| Example 1 | 2.48 | 0.25 | 0.68 | 1.83 | 0.28 |
| Example 2 | 2.43 | 0.23 | 0.66 | 1.72 | 0.28 |
| Comparative example 2 | 2.33 | 0.19 | 0.57 | 1.70 | 0.30 |
| Normal value | 2.21-2.5 | 0.14-0.45 | 0.5-0.71 | 1.0-2.5 | 0.26-0.5 |
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou is characterized by comprising the following steps: applying early spring fertilizer, spring end fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer to the Pingyou hybrid hazelnut trees in a drip irrigation mode;
calculated by the nutrients required by 1kg of fresh hazelnut fruits produced,
the early spring fertilizer is applied with pure N26.64-53.28 kg/hm2、P2O517.20～34.40kg/hm2And K2O15.67～31.33kg/hm2；
The spring end fertilizer is applied with 26.63-53.27 kg/hm of pure N2、P2O522.94～45.87kg/hm2And K2O11.47～22.94kg/hm2；
The summer fertilizer is applied with pure N26.63-53.26 kg/hm2、P2O511.47～22.94kg/hm2And K2O15.67～31.33kg/hm2；
The autumn fertilizer is applied with pure N8.88-17.75 kg/hm2、P2O55.74～11.47kg/hm2And K2O15.67～31.33kg/hm2。
2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein early spring fertilization is performed during the young shoot elongation stage of the hybrid hazelnut.
3. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein spring end fertilizer is applied during vigorous growth period of young shoots of hybrid hazel trees in Pingyou.
4. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein summer fertilizer is applied during the kernel filling period of the hybrid hazel tree.
5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein autumn fertilization is performed after fruit harvest of the hybrid hazel tree.
6. The fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: applying base fertilizer to the hybrid hazel tree in spring or autumn.
7. The fertilization method of claim 6, wherein the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer.
8. The fertilization method of claim 7, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises rotten poultry manure and/or compost, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 33000-49500 kg/hm2。
9. The fertilization method of claim 7, wherein the calcium fertilizer is applied in an effective calcium amount of 392-434 kg/hm2。
10. The fertilization method of claim 7, wherein the magnesium fertilizer is applied in an effective magnesium amount of 50-57 kg/hm2。
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| CN110419375A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-08 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Make water-saving production method between a kind of fibert young growth millet |
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| CN110419375A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-08 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Make water-saving production method between a kind of fibert young growth millet |
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