CN112042354B - A kind of fertilization method integrating water and fertilizer for Pingou hybrid hazel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilization method integrating water and fertilizer for the Pingou hybrid hazel tree, belonging to the technical field of agricultural irrigation and fertilization, comprising: applying early spring fertilizer, late spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer to the Pingou hybrid hazel tree by means of drip irrigation . The invention effectively promotes the yield of the Pingou hybrid hazel tree, also greatly reduces the amount of fertilization and irrigation, saves a lot of resources, and reduces the production cost.

Description

A kind of fertilization method integrating water and fertilizer for Pingou hybrid hazel tree

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation and fertilization, in particular to a fertilization method integrating water and fertilizer for Pingou hybrid hazel.

Background technique

my country is one of the countries with serious shortage of water resources. Agricultural water consumption accounts for 63% of the country's total water consumption, of which agricultural irrigation water accounts for 90% of agricultural water consumption. The shortage of agricultural water severely restricts the sustainable development of my country's agriculture. Due to the relatively backward agricultural irrigation technology, a large amount of water resources is wasted. At present, with the popularization and improvement of garden management technologies such as Pingou hybrid hazel shaping and pruning technology, advanced seed matching technology and integrated pest and disease control technology, fertilizer and water management has gradually become a bottleneck for increasing production and income in many hazel orchards. On the one hand, in the process of cultivation and management of Pingou hybrid hazelnuts, the excessive application of inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by hazelnut farmers in order to obtain high yields results in soil acidification and hardening, serious water pollution, and great pressure on the natural ecological environment. In the dry months of the growing season, most of the hazel orchards with irrigation conditions use flood irrigation measures to alleviate the damage of drought to hazel trees, resulting in a large waste of water resources; hazel orchards without irrigation conditions can only wait for rainfall to alleviate the drought, causing hazel farmers to suffer. serious damage. On the other hand, when applying base fertilizer and partial topdressing, hazel needs to dig pits for fertilization, which is easy to damage the root system and increase labor costs for the shallow-rooted plant of the Pingou hybrid hazel, which makes the large-scale operation of hazel orchards more difficult.

Water and fertilizer integration technology first developed rapidly in Israel's agriculture. It was introduced in my country in the 1970s. After more than 40 years of development, my country's water and fertilizer integration technology has reached the international advanced level. Water and fertilizer integration technology is a new agricultural technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. The soluble solid or liquid fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water according to soil nutrient content and the fertilizer requirements and characteristics of crop types. After blending, supply water and fertilizer through a controllable pipeline system to achieve uniform, regular and quantitative spraying in the crop development and growth areas, so that the soil in the main development and growth areas can always keep loose and suitable water content, and at the same time according to different crops. According to the characteristics, soil environment and nutrient content, and the regularity of fertilizer demand, the demand design of different growth periods is carried out, and the water and nutrients are regularly and quantitatively provided to crops directly in proportion.

The integrated water and fertilizer technology greatly improves the utilization rate of irrigation water and fertilizer, reduces the amount of fertilizer application, and reduces the water consumption. However, for most fruit trees, the integrated technology of water and fertilizer still exists in the concept. How to save water and fertilizer? At the same time, the effect of traditional fertilization is still in the exploratory stage, especially for the emerging economic forest tree species Pingou hybrid hazel, which is difficult to implement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fertilization method integrating water and fertilizer for the Pingou hybrid hazel tree. The present invention effectively promotes the Pingou hybrid through different fertilization time, fertilization amount and different fertilization categories, combined with drip irrigation. The yield of hazel trees also greatly reduces the amount of fertilizer and irrigation, saving a lot of resources and reducing production costs.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a fertilization method integrating water and fertilizer for the Pingou hybrid hazel tree, comprising the following steps: applying early spring fertilizer, late spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer to the Pingou hybrid hazel tree by means of drip irrigation;

Calculated based on the nutrients required to produce 1kg of fresh hazelnuts,

The early spring fertilizer is pure N 26.64～53.28kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 17.20～34.40kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67～31.33kg/hm ² ;

The late spring fertilizers are applied with pure N 26.63-53.27kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 22.94-45.87kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 11.47-22.94kg/hm ² ;

The summer fertilizers are pure N 26.63～53.26kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 11.47～22.94kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67～31.33kg/hm ² ;

The autumn fertilizers are applied with pure N 8.88-17.75kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 5.74-11.47kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67-31.33kg/hm ² .

Preferably, early spring fertilizer is applied in the shoot extension period of the Pingou hybrid hazel tree.

Preferably, late spring fertilizer is applied during the vigorous growth period of new shoots of the Pingou hybrid hazel tree.

Preferably, summer fertilizer is applied during the seed kernel enrichment period of the Pingou hybrid hazel tree.

Preferably, autumn fertilization is applied after the fruit of the Pingou hybrid hazel tree is harvested.

Preferably, it also includes: applying basal fertilizer to the Pingou hybrid hazel tree in spring or autumn.

Preferably, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer includes decomposed poultry manure and/or compost, and the fertilization amount of the organic fertilizer is 33000-49500 kg/hm ² .

Preferably, the calcium fertilizer is based on the effective calcium amount, and the application amount of the effective calcium is 392-434 kg/hm ² .

Preferably, the magnesium fertilizer is based on the effective magnesium amount, and the application amount of the effective magnesium is 50-57 kg/hm ² .

The invention provides a fertilization method integrating water and fertilizer for the Pingou hybrid hazel tree, comprising the following steps: applying early spring fertilizer, late spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer to the Pingou hybrid hazel tree by means of drip irrigation; According to the nutrients required for hazelnut fresh fruit, the early spring fertilizer is pure N 26.64-53.28kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 17.20-34.40kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67-31.33kg/hm ² ; the late spring fertilizer Shi pure N 26.63～53.27kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 22.94～45.87kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 11.47～22.94kg/hm ² ; the summer fertilizer application pure N 26.63～53.26kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 11.47～22.94kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67～31.33kg/hm ² ; pure N 8.88～17.75kg/hm ² and P ₂ O ₅ 5.74～11.47kg/hm ² in the autumn fertilizer application and K ₂ O 15.67～31.33kg/hm ² .

The present invention has the following advantages:

Based on the growth characteristics and nutrient requirements of Pingou hybrid hazel, through different fertilization time, fertilization amount and different fertilization categories, combined with water and fertilizer integrated fertilization technology, the yield of Pingou hybrid hazel has been effectively promoted. At the same time, It also greatly reduces the amount of fertilization and irrigation, saves a lot of resources, and reduces production costs. The invention has convenient operation, simple implementation method and large yield improvement, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application in the field of hazelnut production.

Compared with the conventional fertilization method, the present invention has the advantages that the nutrients needed by the tree body can be replenished in time during the critical period of the growth and development of the hazel tree, while the fertilizer consumption can be saved by about 50%, and the yield can be significantly increased by more than 30%.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a fertilization method integrating water and fertilizer for the Pingou hybrid hazel tree, comprising the following steps: applying early spring fertilizer, late spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer to the Pingou hybrid hazel tree by means of drip irrigation;

In terms of nutrients required for producing 1kg of fresh hazelnuts, the early spring fertilizers are applied with pure N26.64～53.28kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 17.20～34.40kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67～31.33kg/hm ² ; The fertilization in late spring is pure N 26.63-53.27kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 22.94-45.87kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 11.47-22.94kg/hm ² ; the summer fertilization is pure N 26.63-53.26 kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 11.47～22.94kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67～31.33kg/hm ² ; the autumn fertilization is pure N8.88～17.75kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 5.74～ 11.47kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67～31.33kg/hm ² .

In the present invention, preferably, the planting density of Pingou hybrid hazelnut is 1650 plants/hm ² , and the nutrient required for producing 1.0kg of hazel fresh fruit is calculated to calculate the amount of fertilization.

According to the present invention, based on the nutrients required to produce 1kg of fresh hazelnuts, the early spring fertilizers apply pure N26.64-53.28kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 17.20-34.40kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67-31.33kg/hm 2 ² . The present invention does not have a special limitation on the early spring fertilizer, and conventional water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used. In the present invention, the fertilization method of the early spring fertilizer preferably includes: fertilizing twice a day by drip irrigation, 10 liters per plant each time, the number of days of drip irrigation and fertilization is 7d, and the number of days of drip irrigation and the number of times of drip irrigation for early spring fertilizer are averaged according to the total amount every day. drip irrigation. In the present invention, the early spring fertilizer promotes the growth of branches and leaves, improves the accumulation of nutrients in the tree, and provides sufficient nutrients for the development of young fruits. In the present invention, it is preferable to apply early spring fertilizer in the new shoot extension period of the Pingou hybrid hazel tree.

In the present invention, based on the nutrients required to produce 1kg of fresh hazelnuts, the end-spring fertilizers are pure N 26.63-53.27kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 22.94-45.87kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 11.47-22.94kg/ hm ² . The present invention has no special limitation on the late spring fertilizer, and conventional water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used. In the present invention, the fertilization method of the late spring fertilizer preferably includes: 2 times of drip irrigation per day, 10 liters per plant each time, the number of days of drip irrigation is 7d, the number of days of drip irrigation and the number of times of drip irrigation for the late spring fertilizer, and the total number of times of drip irrigation per day. Average amount of drip irrigation. In the present invention, the late spring fertilizer meets the nutrient requirements for rapid shoot growth and young fruit development. In the present invention, it is preferable to apply late spring fertilizer in the vigorous growth period of new shoots of the Pingou hybrid hazel tree.

According to the present invention, based on the nutrients required to produce 1kg of fresh hazelnuts, the summer fertilizers apply pure N26.63-53.26kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 11.47-22.94kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67-31.33kg/hm 2 ² . The present invention has no special limitation on the summer fertilizer, and conventional water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used. In the present invention, the fertilization method of the summer fertilizer preferably includes: drip irrigation and fertilization twice a day, 10 liters per plant each time, and the number of days of drip irrigation and fertilization is 7d. drip irrigation. In the present invention, the summer fertilizer promotes the nutrients required for fruit growth and seed kernel enrichment. In the present invention, summer fertilizer is preferably applied during the seed and kernel enrichment period of the Pingou hybrid hazel tree.

According to the present invention, based on the nutrients required for producing 1kg of fresh hazelnuts, the autumn fertilizers are pure N 8.88-17.75kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 5.74-11.47kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67-31.33kg/hm ² . The present invention has no special limitation on the autumn fertilizer, and conventional water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be used. In the present invention, the fertilization method of the autumn fertilizer preferably includes: drip irrigation fertilization twice a day, 10 liters/plant each time, the drip irrigation fertilization days are 7d, the autumn fertilizer is based on the drip irrigation days and the drip irrigation times, and each day is based on the total amount average. drip irrigation. In the present invention, the autumn fertilizer promotes the accumulation of nutrients in the tree body, especially the robustness of the branches of the current year, and improves the cold resistance of the tree body and the ability of the branches to resist drawing. Autumn fertilization was applied after the fruits of the Pingou hybrid hazel were harvested. In the present invention, it is preferable to start applying autumn fertilizer in late August to early September.

In the present invention, the fertilization methods of the late spring fertilizer and summer fertilizer preferably include: drip irrigation twice a day, 10 liters/plant each time, and the drip irrigation days are 7 days. Below the surface of 15cm, drip irrigation production water is required twice a day, 10 liters per plant each time, from May 20th to August 1st, and the drip irrigation time is 72 days. If natural precipitation can soak 15cm or more below the surface, stop drip irrigation for 3 days.

In the present invention, the fertilization method preferably further comprises: applying basal fertilizer to the Pingou hybrid hazel tree in spring or autumn. In the present invention, the base fertilizer preferably includes organic fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer. In the present invention, the organic fertilizer preferably includes decomposed poultry manure and/or compost, and the fertilization amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 33000-49500 kg/hm ² , more preferably 41250 kg/hm ² . In the present invention, when the organic fertilizer preferably includes decomposed poultry manure and compost, the present invention does not specifically limit the mass ratio of the decomposed poultry manure and compost, and any quality can be used. In the present invention, the calcium fertilizer is preferably based on the effective calcium amount, and the application amount of the effective calcium is preferably 392-434 kg/hm ² , more preferably 412.8 kg/hm ² . In the present invention, the magnesium fertilizer is preferably based on the effective magnesium amount, and the application amount of the effective magnesium is preferably 50-57 kg/hm ² , more preferably 53.3 kg/hm ² . In the present invention, the base fertilizer is preferably applied in early May in spring or early October in autumn. In the present invention, the base fertilizer preferably adopts mechanical rotary tillage into the soil, and the rotary tillage depth is preferably 10-15 cm.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

1. Test site and test species

Test site: Jinzhou Heishan Hazelnut Test Demonstration Base, Liaoning Provincial Economic Forest Research Institute, Heishan Xinxing Town, Jinzhou.

The tested variety: Dawei, the tree age is 7 to 8 years old, the average crown width is 1.5 to 1.8 meters, and the tree height is 1.8 to 2.2 meters.

2. Experimental design and processing methods

Field trial design: The fertilization experiment was repeated three times, with a randomized block field trial design, with 150 test trees per treatment. The irrigation experiment was designed with 3 replicates, randomized block field experiment, and 150 experimental trees were treated.

The level of fertilization and drip irrigation is designed as: pure N, P ₂ O ₅ , K ₂ O fertilization amount/hm ² + drip irrigation treatment; base fertilizer in early May in spring: 41250.0kg/hm ² of decomposed chicken manure, 412.8kg/hm ² of effective Ca , Effective Mg 53.3kg/hm ² ; Early spring fertilizer: water-soluble fertilizer (available NPK content is 15%-30%-15%) 344.03kg/hm ² , urea 235.29kg/hm ² , potassium sulfate 84.81kg/hm ² ; late spring fertilizer: apply water-soluble fertilizer (available NPK content is 15%-30%-15%) 458.70kg/hm ² , urea 197.84kg/hm ² ; summer fertilizer: apply water-soluble fertilizer (available NPK content 20%-20%-20%) 344.03kg/hm ² , urea 197.84kg/hm ² , potassium sulfate 50.39kg/hm ² ; Autumn fertilizer: apply water-soluble fertilizer (effective NPK content is 20%-20%- 20%) 172.01kg/hm ² , urea 41.0kg/hm ² , potassium sulfate 119.20kg/hm ² .

Fertilization time: According to the fertilization level design, the basal fertilizer is applied once in the spring, and then the water and fertilizer combined with the top-dressing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer experiments are carried out respectively in the critical period of nutrient demand. The treatments were arranged in random blocks, and the field management was the same as the conventional treatments.

3. Fertilizer and fertilization method:

Using decomposed chicken manure, superphosphate and magnesium sulfate as the base fertilizer, and using water-soluble NPK compound fertilizer, urea, and water-soluble potassium sulfate as NPK top dressing. In the integrated water and fertilizer treatment, different fertilizers are respectively weighed and mixed according to the application amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the critical period of nutrient demand. The amount of top-dressing fertilizer was calculated according to the expected amount of fresh fruit produced by the experimental trees in each treatment, which was 41250.0 kg/hm ² .

4, drip irrigation method: drip irrigation treatment test, early spring fertilizer, late spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer, drip irrigation and fertilization 2 times a day, 10 liters/plant each time; drip irrigation days are 7 days; late spring fertilizer and summer fertilizer period, generally Starting from late May, if there is no rainfall in the test area or the rainfall cannot penetrate below 15cm of the surface, drip irrigation production water is required twice a day, 10 liters per plant each time, and continuous drip irrigation production water is used until July 31. The drip irrigation time is 70 days. If natural precipitation can soak 15cm or more below the surface, stop drip irrigation for 3 days.

5. Test site overview and schedule

Overview of the test site: The test site is located in the central and western part of Liaoning, in the temperate semi-humid zone, with a mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with an annual average temperature of 7.9 °C, a frost-free period of 165 days, and an annual average precipitation of 568.4 mm. The test site is dominated by brown loam soil, which is neutral or weakly alkaline, the soil organic matter content is 0.97%, the available nitrogen content is 38.36 mg.kg ^-1 , the available phosphorus content is 8.95 mg.kg ^-1 , and the available potassium content is 386 mg.kg ^-1 . , the exchangeable calcium content was 7308.8 mg.kg ^-1 , and the exchangeable magnesium content was 709.2 mg.kg ^-1 . It belongs to soils deficient in organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium.

Time schedule: The trial will start in 2019 and end in 2020, and will be implemented for 2 consecutive years.

6. Experimental investigation projects

The leaves of the test trees were collected in early August to determine the nutrient content; in autumn, 30 trees were selected for each treatment to determine the average yield per plant.

7. Statistical analysis methods

Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Dunnett-t test.

Example 2

Pure N, P ₂ O ₅ , K ₂ O fertilization amount/hm ² is half the amount of Example 1, and base fertilizer is applied in early May in spring: decomposed chicken manure 41250.0kg/hm ² , effective Ca 412.8kg/hm ² , effective Mg 53.3kg/hm ² ; early spring fertilizer: water-soluble fertilizer (available NPK content is 15%-30%-15%) 172.01kg/hm ² , urea 117.65kg/hm ² , potassium sulfate 42.41kg/hm ² ; spring Final fertilizer: apply water-soluble fertilizer (effective NPK content is 15%-30%-15%) 229.35kg/hm ² , urea 98.92kg/hm ² ; summer fertilizer: apply water-soluble fertilizer (effective NPK content is 20%) -20%-20%) 172.02g/plant, urea 98.92g/plant, potassium sulfate 25.20kg/hm ² ; Autumn fertilizer: water-soluble fertilizer (available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 20%-20%-20%) 86.01kg /hm ² , urea 20.51kg/hm ² , potassium sulfate 59.60kg/hm ² .

Drip irrigation treatment: early spring fertilizer, late spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer, drip irrigation and fertilization twice a day, 10 liters/plant each time; drip irrigation days are 7 days; late spring fertilizer and summer fertilizer period generally start from May 20 , If there is no rainfall in the test area or the rainfall cannot penetrate 15cm below the surface, drip irrigation production water is required twice a day, 10 liters per plant each time, continuous drip irrigation production water until July 31, and the drip irrigation time is 70 days. If natural precipitation can soak 15cm or more below the surface, stop drip irrigation for 3 days. Other steps are the same as in Example 1.

Comparative Example 1

Traditional fertilization: Apply base fertilizer in early May in spring: 41250.0kg/hm ² of decomposed chicken manure, 412.8kg/hm ² effective Ca, 53.3kg/hm ² effective Mg; 15%-15%-15%) 1237.5kg/hm ² , urea 412.5kg/hm ² ; Summer fertilizer: compound fertilizer (available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content is 15%-15%-15%) 1072.5kg/hm ² .

In the traditional fertilization treatment, different fertilizers were weighed and mixed evenly according to the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the fertilization method was applied to the test trees in a ditch under the crown.

The traditional irrigation adopts the irrigation in the tree tray, and the irrigation amount is 80 liters/tree each time; the irrigation is 4 times in the early spring fertilizer period. From May 20th to July 31st, the irrigation volume is 80 liters per plant, and the irrigation time is 24 days. If the natural precipitation can soak 15cm or more below the surface, stop the drip irrigation. 3 days.

Other steps are the same as in Example 1.

Comparative Example 2

Traditional fertilization amount: Apply base fertilizer in early May in spring: 41250.0kg/hm ² of decomposed chicken manure, 412.8kg/hm ² effective Ca, 53.3kg/hm ² effective Mg; early spring fertilizer: compound fertilizer (effective nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content) 15%-15%-15%) 1237.5kg/hm ² , urea 412.5kg/hm ² ; summer fertilizer: compound fertilizer (available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of 15%-15%-15%) 1072.5kg/ hm ² .

In the traditional fertilization treatment, different fertilizers were weighed and mixed evenly according to the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the fertilization method was applied to the test trees in a ditch under the crown.

Drip irrigation treatment: in early spring, drip irrigation production water twice a day, 10 liters/plant each time; drip irrigation days are 7 days; from late May, drip irrigation production water twice a day, 10 liters/plant each time, continuous drip irrigation until August On the 1st, the drip irrigation time is 72 days. If the natural precipitation can soak 15cm or more below the surface, stop the drip irrigation for 3 days.

Other steps are the same as in Example 1.

The test results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are as follows:

Effects of Different Fertilization and Irrigation Treatments on the Yield of Test Trees

The effects of different fertilization and irrigation treatments on the yield of experimental trees are shown in Table 1. Soil fertilization combined with drip irrigation treatment (Comparative Example 2) test tree yield (256.59kg/mu) increased by 4.96kg/mu compared to the control (Comparative Example 1) test tree yield (251.63kg/mu), the difference in test tree yield between the two treatments Not significant, but the irrigation amount of Comparative Example 2 was reduced by more than 30% compared with Comparative Example 1; the water and fertilizer integrated diagnosis and fertilization amount combined with drip irrigation treatment (Example 1) test tree yield (277.75kg/mu) compared with Comparative Example 1 test tree yield ( 251.63kg/mu) increased yield by 26.12kg/mu, and the difference in yield of test trees between the two treatments was significant; the water and fertilizer integrated diagnosis and fertilization treatment (Example 2) test tree yield (268.13kg/mu) compared with test tree in Example 1 Yield (251.63kg/mu) increased yield by 16.5kg/mu, and the difference in test tree yield between the two treatments was significant; Example 1 increased yield by 9.62kg/mu compared to Example 2, and the difference between the test tree yields was not significant, but the treatment ratio of Example 2 was higher than that of Example 2. The treatment of Comparative Example 2 reduces the amount of fertilizer application by 50%, indicating that the treatment of integrated water and fertilizer fertilization can effectively increase the yield of hazel tree, save the amount of fertilizer application, and significantly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. The water consumption of all drip irrigation treatments was reduced by more than 30% compared with the control, indicating that the water consumption of drip irrigation was lower than that of traditional flood irrigation.

Table 1 Comparison of hazel tree yield per fertilization and irrigation treatments

Fertilization treatment Investigate trees (strains) Fresh fruit weight (kg) Air-dried fruit weight (kg) Yield per mu (kg) Comparative Example 1 30 91.50 68.63 251.63a Example 1 30 101.3 75.75 277.75c Example 2 30 97.5 73.13 268.13bc Comparative Example 2 30 93.3 69.98 256.59ab

Note: a, b, and c indicate that the average yield of the two fertilization methods is significantly different.

Effects of Different Fertilization and Irrigation Treatments on Nutrient Content of Experimental Tree Leaves

The effects of different fertilization and irrigation treatments on the nutrient content of the leaves of the experimental trees are shown in Table 2. The nutrient content of leaves in each fertilization and irrigation treatment reached normal values, but on the whole, the nutrient content of leaves in the integrated water and fertilizer test was better than that of the control (Comparative Example 1). Specifically, soil fertilization combined with drip irrigation water treatment (Comparative Example 2) leaves nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium content higher than that of the control (Comparative Example 1), and only the calcium content is slightly lower than that of the control, indicating that drip irrigation Although the treatment reduced the amount of irrigation, it had no effect on the nutrient content of tree leaves. Integrated water and fertilizer diagnosis Fertilization amount combined with drip irrigation treatment (Example 1) and water and fertilizer integrated diagnosis fertilizer amount and half amount of fertilization treatment (Example 2) The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in test leaves was compared in Comparative Example 2. The corresponding nutrient element contents in the leaves of test trees were both High, indicating that the integrated fertilization of water and fertilizer promotes the absorption of fertilizer nutrients by the tree and improves the utilization rate of fertilizer; the integrated diagnosis of water and fertilizer combined with the drip irrigation treatment (Example 1) test the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium content of the leaves of the test tree. Half-quantity fertilization treatment (Example 2) corresponds to a slightly higher nutrient element content in the leaves of the test tree, but the difference is not large, indicating that the water and fertilizer integrated fertilization treatment can effectively reduce the amount of fertilizer application, but has little effect on tree nutrition.

Table 2 Comparison of nutrient content of hazel leaves in various fertilization and irrigation treatments

Fertilization treatment nitrogen% phosphorus% Potassium % calcium% magnesium% Comparative Example 1 2.32 0.14 0.53 1.86 0.26 Example 1 2.48 0.25 0.68 1.83 0.28 Example 2 2.43 0.23 0.66 1.72 0.28 Comparative Example 2 2.33 0.19 0.57 1.70 0.30 normal value 2.21-2.5 0.14-0.45 0.5-0.71 1.0-2.5 0.26-0.5

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a fertilization method of Pingou hybrid hazel tree water and fertilizer integration, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: by the mode of drip irrigation, Pingou hybrid hazel tree is applied early spring fertilizer, late spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer; Calculated based on the nutrients required to produce 1kg of fresh hazelnuts, The early spring fertilizer is pure N 26.64～53.28kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 17.20～34.40kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67～31.33kg/hm ² ; The late spring fertilizers are applied with pure N 26.63-53.27kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 22.94-45.87kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 11.47-22.94kg/hm ² ; The summer fertilizers are pure N 26.63～53.26kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 11.47～22.94kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67～31.33kg/hm ² ; The autumn fertilizers are applied with pure N 8.88-17.75kg/hm ² , P ₂ O ₅ 5.74-11.47kg/hm ² and K ₂ O 15.67-31.33kg/hm ² . 2. fertilization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the new shoot extension period of described Pingou hybrid hazel tree, apply early spring fertilizer. 3. fertilization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, applying late spring fertilizer in the vigorous growth period of new shoots of described Pingou hybrid hazel tree. 4. fertilization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, applying summer fertilizer in the seed kernel filling period of described Pingou hybrid hazel tree. 5. fertilization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, after the fruit of described Pingou hybrid hazel tree is harvested, fertilization is applied in autumn. 6 . The fertilization method according to claim 1 , further comprising: applying basal fertilizer to the Pingou hybrid hazel tree in spring or autumn. 7 . 7. The fertilization method according to claim 6, wherein the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer. 8 . The fertilization method according to claim 7 , wherein the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed poultry manure and/or compost, and the fertilization amount of the organic fertilizer is 33000-49500 kg/hm ² . 9 . The fertilization method according to claim 7 , wherein the calcium fertilizer is calculated as an effective calcium amount, and the application amount of the effective calcium is 392-434 kg/hm ² . 10 . The fertilization method according to claim 7 , wherein the magnesium fertilizer is calculated as an effective magnesium amount, and the application amount of the effective magnesium is 50-57 kg/hm ² . 11 .