CN101941018B - Method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil by using ornamental plant smooth joyweed - Google Patents
Method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil by using ornamental plant smooth joyweed Download PDFInfo
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- CN101941018B CN101941018B CN 201010248670 CN201010248670A CN101941018B CN 101941018 B CN101941018 B CN 101941018B CN 201010248670 CN201010248670 CN 201010248670 CN 201010248670 A CN201010248670 A CN 201010248670A CN 101941018 B CN101941018 B CN 101941018B
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Abstract
The invention relates to phytoremediation technology in a heavy metal contamination environment, in particular to a method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil by using an ornamental plant smooth joyweed. In the method, the smooth joyweed (preserved in National Crop Germplasm Conservation Center, and the variety name is J589193) is planted on cadmium contaminated soil (including wet land), and a great amount of cadmium in the contaminated soil is absorbed through the root system of the smooth joyweed and is transferred to an overground part of the plant. When the plant grows to the end of the growing period or the biomass of the overground part is maximum, the overground part of the plant is moved away from the contaminated soil and is subjected to proper treatment, and the aim of continuously extracting and removing cadmium from the soil is fulfilled by repeatedly planting the plant and repeating the process. By remediating and treating the cadmium contaminated soil by using the enriched plant smooth joyweed, the method has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, high operability, easy popularization and application, no damage to soil structure, no secondary contamination and the like, and also has good effect on soil erosion prevention and landscaping in contaminated fields.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to the phytoremediation technology field of Heavy-metal Polluted Environment, be specifically related to a kind of have heavy metal cadmium is had patience and efficient absorption, the plant of enrichment and the application process on cadmium pollution soil thereof.
[background technology]
Heavy metal pollution is one of principal mode and distinct issues of soil pollution, and serious threat is to crop yield, quality and food chain safety.Its pollution is mainly derived from the waste water,waste gas and industrial residue of industries such as mining, smelting, plating, chemical industry, incinerating waste material processing discharging, and the using etc. of motor vehicle exhaust emission, agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer.It is reported that China receives nearly 2,000 ten thousand hm of cultivated area of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), plumbous heavy metal pollutions such as (Pb) at present
2, account for 1/5 of total area under cultivation.Show that according to survey of organization of national environmental protection portion serious heavy metal pollution of soil problem all appears in the area that Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, these economy of the ring Bohai Sea grow up earlier.In many heavy metal contaminants, because the relative activity of cadmium is high, toxicity is big, and its pollution problem is particularly outstanding.Cadmium mainly is to accumulate and get into human body along food chain through crop absorption; Can cause generation (the document 1:Lalor GC.Review of cadmium transfer from soil to humans and itshealth effects in the Jamaican environment.Science of The Total Environment of anosmia, pulmonary emphysema, heart failure, osteoporosis, cerebral infarction, albuminuria and all kinds of Cancerous diseases; 2008,400 (1-3): 162-172).Not only area is big in China cadmium pollution farmland, and some areas are seriously polluted, and agricultural product surpass national food hygienic standard more than several times.For example, native irrigated area 2533hm is opened in Shenyang
2The farmland suffer cadmium pollution because of sewage irrigation, the severe contamination area (Cd content>=1.0mgkg of the rice that produces wherein
-1) account for 13%; The Dayu County, Jiangxi has 44% arable land to be polluted, and forms 670hm
2" cadmium rice " district; The leaf vegetables cadmium pollution of Zhuhai, Guangdong exceeds standard up to surplus 20 times; Also there is serious cadmium pollution problem (document 2: Gu Jiguang in other such as Fuyang, Zhejiang, Nanning, Zhengzhou, Henan, last irrigated area, sea sand river, Hengyang, Hunan and other places; Zhou Qixing; Wang Xin. the governance way of heavy metal pollution of soil and progress thereof. application foundation and engineering science journal; 2003,11 (2): 143-151; Document 3: Tang Shirong. the principle of contaminated environment phytoremediation and method. Beijing: Science Press, 2006).It is healthy that heavy metal pollution of soil seriously jeopardizes the resident, and management task is very urgent.
Heavy metal pollution of soil improvement method is a lot, mainly comprises various physics, chemistry, bioremediation technology and relevant combined remediation technology.Traditional physics, chemical harnessing method; Mainly comprise soil moved in to improve the original method, moving electric repairing method, chemical leaching method etc., each tool advantage of these methods, investment is big, energy consumption is high, be prone to cause secondary pollution problems but also exist; Effect in administering contaminated soil among a small circle is bigger; But for large tracts of land, mild or moderate polluted agricultural land, operating difficulties is difficult to apply.The bioremediation technology that new development is got up, particularly phytoremediation technology, advantages such as efficient because of having, economic and ecological harmony are expected to become the new way that solves heavy metal pollution problem.Phytoremediation technology is meant the technical method that utilizes poisonous and harmful substance in plant extract, absorption, decomposition, conversion or the fixing soil.Soil based technique for in-situ remediation as a kind of green; Become the focus of international environment sphere of learning research; And cause showing great attention to of national governments and business circles, and in some developed countries such as the U.S., also commercialization of heavy metal-polluted soil phytoremediation technology (document 4:Ute K.Phytoremediation:novel approaches to cleaning up polluted soils.Current Opinion inBiotechnology; 2005,16:133-144).In China, certain demonstration and application are also arranged, but also remoter from commercialization and large-area application.
Carry out the phytoremediation technology of heavy-metal contaminated soil, key is to seek enrichment/super enriching plant, has obtained certain progress at present, has successively found super enriching plants such as ciliate desert-grass, Indian mustard, Sedum alfredii Hance.Yet; Some enrichments of finding at present/super enriching plant exists such as kind is deficient, biomass is little, poor growth, be difficult for problems such as cultivation and obligate are strong, and operating difficulties in actual the use is difficult to large scale application (document 5: Zhou Dongmei; Hao Xiuzhen; Xue Yan etc. the recovery technique progress of contaminated soil. ecological environment, 2004,13 (2): 234-24).For heavy metal cadmium, the super enriching plant of discovery is quite limited especially, and the shortcoming especially of China's independent intellectual property right is arranged.Therefore, seeking enrichment/super enriching plant is the key that solves the heavy-metal contaminated soil phytoremediation technology.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention provides a kind of method of utilizing the red amaranth cadmium pollution soil repair of ornamental plant.
The present invention utilizes the method for the red amaranth cadmium pollution soil repair of ornamental plant, in cadmium pollution soil, (comprises wetland) and plants red amaranth, and variety name is J589193, realizes removing the purpose of excessive cadmium in the soil.
The red amaranth of plantation on cadmium pollution soil; Absorb the cadmium in the soil in a large number through red amaranth root system, and it be transferred to the plant overground part, when plant long to more than 1 meter or when coming into bloom; Plant integral body is removed; Repeatedly plant this red amaranth more repeatedly and repeat aforesaid operations, realize removing the pollutant in soil cadmium, make the cadmium content in the soil reach environmental safety standard.
In cadmium pollution soil, (comprise wetland) and plant red amaranth that planting patterns is live or transplanting, and according to situation such as soil fertility, applies fertilizer in good time, waters, and makes red amaranth normal growth.
The red amaranth of plantation on cadmium pollution soil; Absorb the cadmium in the contaminated soil in a large number through red amaranth root system; And it is transferred to the plant overground part, and long maximum or when coming into bloom when plant to the upperground part biomass, the plant shoot branch is removed and dealt carefully with from contaminated soil; Through planting this plant repeatedly and repeat said process, thereby realize the purpose extracting continuously, remove the pollutant in soil cadmium and beautify the contaminated site environment.Said red amaranth is the heavy metal cadmium enriching plant.
For the red amaranth cadmium pollution soil repair of better utilization,, use the nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer that promote red amaranth growth according to contaminated site soil fertility situation to be repaired or that beautify; The red amaranth of plantation can be live; Also can take the mode of growing seedlings earlier and afterwards transplanting, every mu of seed consumption 500g transplants seeding row spacing 20 * 40cm; Treat that plant is long when coming into bloom, can gather in and remove.
Provided by the invention have the strong and a large amount of red amaranths of plant that absorb of patience to heavy metal cadmium, is preserved in national crops quality saving center at present, and variety name is J589193.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
The present invention compares with traditional heavy-metal contaminated soil improvement method, has that cost is low, easy to operate, efficient is high, non-secondary pollution, a specification requirement advantages of higher not.This red amaranth biomass is big, and is big to the absorbing enriched amount of cadmium, and concentration coefficient is high.And this red amaranth has good ornamental value, is used to the original position reparation of contaminated soil, when administering the remediating heavy metal cadmium pollution soil, plays the effect that beautifies impaired contaminated site.Use this red amaranth cadmium pollution soil repair, can obtain good economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit.
This red Amaranthus wild type plant, resistance is prone to cultivation, and is easy to utilize.From the contaminated soil of 4.5mg Cd/kg soil; Blade content reaches 117.34mg/kg, and stem's content reaches 89.52mg/kg, and overground part Cd content reaches 99.46mg/kg; Very near the critical content standard of cadmium super enriching plant, promptly the overground part cadmium content is greater than 100mg/kg.One batch of annual plantation estimates that every mu of dry weight of overground part surpasses 800kg/ mu, and every batch can be equivalent to remove topsoil (degree of depth 20cm) 0.4mg cadmium/kg dry ground from the cadmium of the about 80g of soil extract.Can plant two batches every year in south, effect can be more remarkable.This red amaranth be applicable to large-area in the repairing and treating of low cadmium pollution farmland (comprising wetland) and soil pollution abandoned land.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the variation of red amaranth among the embodiment 1 overground part and underground part biomass under above-mentioned variable concentrations Cd handles
[specific embodiment]
Embodiment 1: red amaranth is to the absorption of cadmium under the water planting condition
Experimental technique: this experiment is carried out at Inst. of Environment Protection & Scientific Research Monitor, Ministry of Agric's phjytotron.Vegetable seeds is after 1% liquor natrii hypochloritis soaks 10min and fully washes with sterilized water; With boiling hot kind of 35 ℃ of warm water; Naturally cooling back seed soaking 8h sows in the mixing on (1: 1) matrix of the perlite behind the autoclave sterilization and vermiculite, spreads the thin vermiculite covering of one deck seed again; Sprout in artificial climate indoor (temperature is 25 ℃, and light application time is 16h).Add deionized water every day and cultivate, 3 leaf after dates are used 1/4Hoagland nutrient solution (Hoagland and Arnon, 1938) pouring instead.After nutrient solution waters a week, choose healthy seedling of the same size, change in the hydroponic device and cultivate.Hydroponic device is the glass (Φ 10*11cm) of volume 1L, with tinfoil parcel, its loam cake cystosepiment; The hole of a Φ 2cm is made a call in the plate center, and in order to place plant, the plant base portion plays fixation with sponge wrapping; An aperture is made a call on the macropore next door, feeds steam hose and continues aeration.After plant moves into, cultivated 3 days with the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution earlier, cultivate with full nutrient solution again, regulate pH to 6.5 every day, per 3 days replacing one time of nutrition liquid.After cultivating for 2 weeks, nutrient solution adds Cd to be handled, and establishes 4 Cd (CdCl
2) level (0,0.5,1.0,4.0mg/L), repeat for 3 times, regularly add deionized water every day and keep water level, measure the pH value and transfer to 6.5 with NaOH or the HCl of 0.1mol/L.Nutrient solution was changed once in per 3 days, and Continuous Cultivation was gathered in the crops after 14 days.Plant is gathered in the crops respectively by root, stem, leaf, and every part is rinsed well with running water earlier repeatedly, uses deionized water rinsing again; Elimination moisture, the sample sack of making of brown paper installs, and places baking oven; Under 105 ℃ of conditions, completed 1 hour earlier, under 75 ℃, dry then to constant weight.Pulverize subsequent use after the weighing dry weight.After plant sample is cleared up with Microwave Digestion, disappear with atomic absorption spectrophotometer and to boil liquid Cd content.
Experimental result: Fig. 1 has provided the variation of red amaranth overground part and underground part biomass under above-mentioned variable concentrations Cd handles.Variance analysis shows, compares with contrast (not applying Cd), and Cd is under 0.5mg/L handles, and the biomass of overground part underground part does not significantly descend, and demonstrates stronger patience; Under higher Cd concentration of treatment, biomass significantly descends.The result shows that red amaranth has certain patience to Cd, but when cadmium pollution was too high, the growth of red amaranth can be suppressed.
Red amaranth sees table 1 to the absorbing state of Cd; Under Cd 0.5mg/L condition, the Cd accumulated concentrations of blade just reaches 140mg/kg, and stem content reaches 56.23mg/kg; Overground part Cd concentration reaches 116.18mg/kg, has reached the cadmium super enriching plant critical content standard (Cd 100mg/kg) of generally acknowledging.Under (4.0mg/L) condition under the Cd highest point reason concentration, cauline leaf Cd concentration is all above 400mg/kg, and overground part Cd content reaches 426mg/kg.Under each concentration is handled, red amaranth to the transfer ratio (ratio of overground part and root Cd content) of Cd about 0.7.These results demonstrate red amaranth Cd are had bigger absorbing enriched ability.
Red amaranth is to the enrichment characteristics of Cd under the table 1 water planting condition
Annotate: numerical value is mean+SD
Embodiment 2: red amaranth is to the enrichment characteristics of Cd under the earth culture condition
Experimental technique: this experiment is carried out at Inst. of Environment Protection & Scientific Research Monitor, Ministry of Agric's glasshouse.Carry out potted plant experiment with cadmium pollution soil, soil pH value 6.6, full dose cadmium are 4.5mg/kg.Soil is air-dry, sieve, and is fully mixed.The dress basin, every basin is adorned native 5kg, applies urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and potassium sulfate, makes that N, P, K reach 150,100 respectively, 150mg/kg.Seed is cleaned after 1% liquor natrii hypochloritis sterilizes 10min, scalds with 35 ℃ of warm water and plants, naturally cooling back seed soaking 8h.About 8 of every basin sowings, the back thinning of emerging, every basin stays 2 strains, and the management of regularly watering treats that plant strain growth gathered in after February.Press plant root, stem, leaf, gather in the crops respectively, every part is rinsed well with running water earlier repeatedly, uses deionized water rinsing again; Elimination moisture, the sample sack of making of brown paper installs, and places baking oven; Under 105 ℃ of conditions, completed 1 hour, under 75 ℃, dry then to constant weight.Pulverize subsequent use after the weighing dry weight.After plant sample is cleared up with Microwave Digestion, disappear with atomic absorption spectrophotometer and to boil liquid Cd content.
Experimental result: see table 2, be merely under the 4.5mg/kg situation at the soil cadmium concentration that red amaranth has absorbed a large amount of cadmiums, blade content reaches 117.34mg/kg, stem 89.52mg/kg.This Grain Production of Amaranthus is planted by seeding row spacing 20 * 40cm kind; Estimate that every mu of dry weight of overground part surpasses 800kg/ mu, every batch can be equivalent to make topsoil (degree of depth 20cm) cadmium decline 0.4mg/kg from the cadmium of the about 80g of soil extract; Can plant two batches every year in south, effect is more remarkable.
Red amaranth biomass and to the enrichment characteristics of Cd under the table 2 earth culture condition
Annotate: numerical value is mean+SD
Claims (3)
1. method of utilizing the red amaranth cadmium pollution soil repair of ornamental plant is characterized in that: the red amaranth of plantation on cadmium pollution soil, variety name is J589193, realizes removing the purpose of excessive cadmium in the soil.
2. according to the described method of utilizing the red amaranth cadmium pollution soil repair of ornamental plant of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the red amaranth of plantation on cadmium pollution soil absorbs the cadmium in the soil in a large number through red amaranth root system; And it is transferred to the plant overground part; Plant integral body is removed to more than 1 meter or when coming into bloom when plant is long, again this red amaranth of plantation and repeat aforesaid operations repeatedly repeatedly; Realize removing the pollutant in soil cadmium, make the cadmium content in the soil reach environmental safety standard.
3. according to the described method of utilizing the red amaranth cadmium pollution soil repair of ornamental plant of claim 1; It is characterized in that: the red amaranth of plantation in cadmium pollution soil, planting patterns is live or transplanting, and according to the soil fertility situation; Apply fertilizer in good time, water, make red amaranth normal growth.
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Families Citing this family (7)
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| CN103355073A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-10-23 | 镇江和博生态农业有限公司 | Fruit and vegetable high yield method based on crop rotation and inoculant symbiosis |
| CN103418606A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-04 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for restoring and using agricultural land contaminated by heavy metal |
| CN103894400A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 西南科技大学 | Method for promoting enrichment of cadmium of red spinach by using plant growth regulator |
| CN103894401B (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of plant restoration method administering the plumbous arsenic combined contamination soil of cadmium |
| CN104759455A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 湖南省环境保护科学研究院 | Applications of perennial herb hydrocotyle sibthorpioides in enrichment and extraction of cadmium and other heavy metals in polluted soil |
| CN109047307A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-21 | 湖南省园林建设有限公司 | Application of the Grain Production of Amaranthus in repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium pollution |
| CN114011875A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-08 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by using ornamental plants |
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| CN101096033A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-01-02 | 中山大学 | Method for restoring cadmium polluted soil by using amaranth |
| CN101104175A (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2008-01-16 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Application of grain amaranth in repairing cadmium contaminative soil |
| CN101670362A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-03-17 | 四川农业大学 | Application of grain amaranth in repairing mine soil and sludge polluted by heavy metal cadmium |
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