CN110743908A - Method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using sedum alfredii hance, soil dressing method and low-absorption corn - Google Patents
Method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using sedum alfredii hance, soil dressing method and low-absorption corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN110743908A CN110743908A CN201911172488.5A CN201911172488A CN110743908A CN 110743908 A CN110743908 A CN 110743908A CN 201911172488 A CN201911172488 A CN 201911172488A CN 110743908 A CN110743908 A CN 110743908A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using sedum alfredii, an earth-removing method and low-absorption corn, which comprises the following steps of dividing ⑴ into A, B two farmlands in a cadmium-polluted farmland in Guangdong regions with the total cadmium content of 0.9-1.5 mg/kg, constructing a ridge between the two farmlands, planting sedum alfredii in farmland A in ⑵ 9 month, removing and harmlessly treating surface plants after sedum alfredii grows for six months, then digging out the soil at the roots of sedum alfredii plants, placing the duding soil in farmland B in ⑶ th 3 months, directly sowing seeds of corn in the farmland A in ⑶ th year, covering soil and leveling the sowed seeds, removing and harmlessly treating the surface plants after the corns in 8 th month are mature, taking out the soil at the roots of the plants, placing the plants in farmland B, and repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the farmland A is completely restored, and planting ⑷ in the sedum alfreding in farmland B, and repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the farmland is completely restored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil-polluted plant restoration, in particular to a method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using sedum alfredii hance, a soil dressing method and low-absorption corn.
Background
However, in recent years, the rapid development of economic society causes the problem of cadmium pollution of soil in China to be serious. The cultivated land area polluted by heavy metal in China is about 2000 multiplied by 104hm2The grain polluted by heavy metal is as high as 1200 multiplied by 10 every year4t, economic loss at least up to 200X 108And (5) Yuan. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements, has metabolic degradation resistance and high accumulation, and has toxic and harmful effects on human tissues and organs, such as kidney injury and osteoporosis. Therefore, how to treat and reduce the cadmium pollution in the soil becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
The heavy metal pollution of farmland has become a serious environmental problem at present, and the remediation technology thereof is a hotspot and difficulty of domestic and foreign research. At present, the technology for remedying the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil mainly comprises physical, chemical, biological, agricultural ecological and combined remediation technology and the like. Although researchers put forward different physical methods, chemical methods, biological methods, various technical combination methods and the like to repair and utilize cadmium-polluted farmlands, the physical methods and the chemical methods have the problems of high repair cost, high damage to soil vegetation, serious secondary pollution and the like, and the application of the cadmium-polluted farmlands in large areas is restricted. Compared with the traditional method, the plant restoration technology integrates ecology and treatment, and becomes a research hotspot with the advantages of environmental friendliness, easy acceptance, low price and the like.
The potential of the hyper-enrichment plants for repairing the heavy metals in the soil can be influenced due to different soil environments, but not all the hyper-accumulation plants can exert ideal extraction effect in the repairing process. Heavy metal polluted farmlands in the Zhubei region mainly use rice planting, and the farmlands are low in terrain and prone to water accumulation. Although the sedum alfredii hance is a zinc-cadmium super-accumulation plant, zinc and cadmium can be absorbed and accumulated to the overground part, so that the heavy metal pollution of soil is reduced. However, the sedum alfredii hance is easy to rot roots and even die in a high-temperature environment in summer of Guangdong, and has a low propagation coefficient, so that high temperature and high humidity are key limiting factors for the growth of sedum alfredii hance (old plant, Shilipong, Yu Tuyuan, et al. sedum alfredii stem cutting and leaf cutting propagation research [ J ]. northern horticulture, 2011(22): 64-67.), and the capability of restoring a heavy metal polluted farmland is reduced. And because the plants grow slowly, the restoration process takes a long time, and the restoration cost and economic loss increase with the time. In addition, although the chelation induction technology can effectively improve the remediation efficiency of the plants on the soil heavy metals, most of the artificial chelating agents have low degradation capability and can be remained in the soil for a long time, and potential ecological risks exist.
Therefore, how to utilize the sedum alfredii hance to restore the cadmium-polluted farmland in the Guangdong region and reasonably utilize the polluted farmland by improving the mode of agricultural planting so as to avoid heavy metals from reentering the food chain, reduce the risk of secondary pollution and bring economic benefits simultaneously is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using sedum alfredii, a soil dressing method and low-absorption corn, which is safe, stable, economic and high in restoration efficiency.
In order to solve the problems, the method for restoring the cadmium-polluted soil by using the sedum alfredii hance, the soil dressing method and the low-absorption corn comprises the following steps:
⑴ dividing the cadmium-polluted farmland in Yuedong region with the total cadmium content of 0.9-1.5 mg/kg into A, B two farmlands according to the area ratio of 10: 1, and constructing a ridge between the two farmlands;
⑵ 9 planting Sedum alfredii Hance in the farmland A according to the normal planting density, removing the plants on the ground surface for harmless treatment after Sedum alfredii Hance grows for six months, digging out the soil at the root of the Sedum alfredii Hance plants by using a rotary sampler, and placing the Sedum alfredii Hance in the farmland B;
⑶ sowing corn seeds in the corn in the farmland A directly in the conventional planting density and manual dibbling mode in 3 months in the next year, covering soil and leveling after sowing, removing ground plants after the corn is mature in the middle ten months of 8 months, performing innocent treatment, taking out the soil at the roots of the plants by using a rotary sampler, placing the plants in the farmland B, and repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the farmland A is completely restored;
⑷ planting Sedum alfredii Hance in the farmland B, and repeating the steps for several times until the farmland B is completely repaired.
In the step ⑴, the width of the ridge is 0.4m, the height of the ridge is 0.3m, and the two sides of the ridge are separated by impermeable films with the depth of 0.5 m.
The inner diameter of the rotary sampler in the steps ⑵ and ⑶ is 5cm, and the soil sampling depth is 15 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. and (3) plant growth:
the high temperature and high humidity are limiting factors for the growth of the sedum alfredii, the temperature in the next half year of the Guangdong region is relatively low, and rainwater is relatively less; and the corn can grow in the local semi-annual high-temperature and rainy environment. The sedum alfredii and the corns are planted on the same heavy metal polluted land according to the seasonal planting time, the hydrothermal condition can be fully utilized, and the purpose of harvesting the two plants together is finally achieved, so that the gradient restoration mode is suitable for the natural environments of the Guangdong area and the Zhu-triangular area.
2. Repairing efficiency:
the sedum alfredii belongs to hyper-enrichment plants, can normally grow in heavy metal contaminated soil, and has strong absorption and enrichment capacity on heavy metal cadmium. Heavy metal pollution farmlands are repaired according to a crop rotation mode of corns after the southeast scenic day, heavy metals are extracted from the farmlands by harvesting plant bodies and root system soil dressing, and the absorption and enrichment capacity of the heavy metals in the natural growth process is enhanced, so that the content of the heavy metals in the soil is reduced. Therefore, the method can not waste fields in time and space, fully utilize the polluted soil, and increase the extraction amount of the heavy metals in the soil and improve the soil pollution remediation efficiency.
3. And (4) popularization:
the method for repairing the heavy metal farmland by the sedum alfredii, the soil removal method and the low-absorption corn does not relate to chemical agents, does not bring secondary pollution, is easy to be accepted by the public and has certain popularization advantages.
4. Economic benefits are as follows:
the inventor discovers through experimental research that the corn can normally grow in the farmland with moderate heavy metal pollution, and the grains of the corn are not affected, so that the corn reaches the food safety standard. Therefore, the remediation mode brings benefits to farmers while remedying the soil, is a technology of 'production while remediation', and can guarantee the sustainability of remediation and utilization of the polluted soil. Due to the current situation that China has more people and less land, the mode can make up the problem of grain shortage caused by pollution remediation to a certain extent, brings certain economic benefits to farmers, and is an effective and feasible remediation means from both ecological and economic perspectives.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the heavy metal content of corn kernels of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for restoring the cadmium-polluted soil by using the sedum alfredii hance, the soil dressing method and the low-absorption corn comprises the following steps:
⑴ in the Guangdong region cadmium-polluted agricultural field with the total cadmium content of 0.9-1.5 mg/kg, the field is divided into A, B two farmlands according to the area ratio of 10: 1, a ridge is constructed between the two farmlands, the width of the ridge is 0.4m, the height of the ridge is 0.3m, the two sides of the ridge are separated by impermeable films, and the depth of the ridge is 0.5 m, so that water can be prevented from flowing between the two farmlands.
The farmland A is repaired by planting crops, and the farmland B is used for stacking soil at the roots of plants.
⑵ 9 planting Sedum alfredii Hance in farmland A at normal planting density in month A, removing the part of Sedum alfredii Hance over 5cm above the ground for harmless treatment every month, removing the plant on the ground surface for harmless treatment after Sedum alfredii Hance grows for six months, digging out the soil at the root of Sedum alfredii Hance with a rotary sampler with inner diameter of 5cm and soil sampling depth of 15 cm, and placing in farmland B.
⑶ sowing corn seeds in the corn in the farmland A in 3 months in the next year according to the conventional planting density and manual dibbling mode, covering soil and leveling after sowing, well performing field management such as pest control and the like in the corn growth stage, removing surface plants for harmless treatment after the corns in the middle and middle ten days of 8 months are mature, taking out the soil at the roots of the plants by using a rotary sampler with the inner diameter of 5cm and the soil taking depth of 15 cm, placing the plants in the farmland B, and repeating for a plurality of times until the farmland A is completely repaired.
The mature corn is qualified by inspection and enters a food chain, and the corn straw is used for waste incineration power generation.
⑷ planting Sedum alfredii Hance in Farmland B, and repeating the above steps for several times until the Farmland B is completely repaired.
Application example contaminated farmland corn planting test
The test site is located in Shantou city, Guangdong province, and the cadmium in the local farmland soil exceeds the standard due to the garbage dismantling industry for many years, and the background value of the farmland soil is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 background value of moderately contaminated farmland soil
The method comprises the following specific steps: ploughing the heavy metal moderately polluted mining area soil, removing impurities, ridging, directly sowing corn seeds in the soil in an artificial dibbling mode in the beginning of 4 months, covering soil, leveling and planting according to a conventional method after sowing. After the corns are ripe, three corn samples (respectively a control 1, a control 2 and a control 3) are picked according to an oblique diagonal method and are brought back to a laboratory for processing, and the heavy metal content in the corn grains is detected. The test results are shown in FIG. 1.
As can be seen from the graph 1, the cadmium content in the corn contrast 1, the corn contrast 2 and the corn contrast 3 is respectively 0.012 mg/kg, 0.0165 mg/kg and 0.0171 mg/kg, which all reach the food safety standard (< 0.2 mg/kg), so that the corn is suitable for being planted in the moderately polluted farmland in the actual restoration application.
Claims (3)
1. The method for restoring the cadmium-polluted soil by using the sedum alfredii hance, the soil dressing method and the low-absorption corn comprises the following steps:
⑴ dividing the cadmium-polluted farmland in Yuedong region with the total cadmium content of 0.9-1.5 mg/kg into A, B two farmlands according to the area ratio of 10: 1, and constructing a ridge between the two farmlands;
⑵ 9 planting Sedum alfredii Hance in the farmland A according to the normal planting density, removing the plants on the ground surface for harmless treatment after Sedum alfredii Hance grows for six months, digging out the soil at the root of the Sedum alfredii Hance plants by using a rotary sampler, and placing the Sedum alfredii Hance in the farmland B;
⑶ sowing corn seeds in the corn in the farmland A directly in the conventional planting density and manual dibbling mode in 3 months in the next year, covering soil and leveling after sowing, removing ground plants after the corn is mature in the middle ten months of 8 months, performing innocent treatment, taking out the soil at the roots of the plants by using a rotary sampler, placing the plants in the farmland B, and repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the farmland A is completely restored;
⑷ planting Sedum alfredii Hance in the farmland B, and repeating the steps for several times until the farmland B is completely repaired.
2. The method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil using rhodiola rosea, an earth-moving method and low-suction corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the ridge in the step ⑴ is 0.4m, the height of the ridge is 0.3m, and the two sides of the ridge are separated by impermeable films, and the depth of the ridge is 0.5 m.
3. The method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil using rhodiola sachalinensis, the soil reclamation method and the low-suction corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the rotary sampler in the steps ⑵ and ⑶ is 5cm, and the soil sampling depth is 15 cm.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114226448A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-25 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Method for restoring cadmium-polluted dry farmland by using plant interplanting |
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