CN103053309A - Full-film dual-ridge integral-straw-returning corn furrow sowing method - Google Patents
Full-film dual-ridge integral-straw-returning corn furrow sowing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a full-film dual-ridge integral-straw-returning corn furrow sowing method. The full-film dual-ridge integral-straw-returning corn furrow sowing method achieves straw returning and completes turnover, ridging and mulching after harvesting in the prior art, and accordingly biological organic matter in whole quantity can be returned to soil, zero bareness of the land can be achieved, and further, soil organic matter content is increased effectively, evaporation of moisture in the soil is blocked off completely, rainfall is retained in the soil completely, and soil organic matter content increase and rainfall utilization efficiency improvement are achieved synchronously. Processes such as returning of integral straws into the fields, turnover, ridging and mulching are completed at a time, a process that straw returning after straw smashing in the prior art is omitted, and accordingly labor force is reduced, and production cost is lowered. In a word, the straw returning and full-film dual-ridge furrow sowing technology is adopted in dry farming corn planting areas in Gansu province, and the method provides a direction for guaranteeing steady production increase of corns in Gansu province and promoting sustainable development of the full-film dual-ridge corn furrow sowing technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of type of seeding of corn, relate in particular to also field corn ditch broadcasting method of the two whole stalks of ridge stalk of a kind of full film.
Technical background
China produces hundred million tons of various crops straw 6-7 per year, only has about 1/4th to go back the field, and some residue stalks are stacked into by-pass side, field or on-site incineration, have both wasted resource, have polluted again environment.Current, soil organic matter content descends year by year.China's soil organic matter content on average only has 1.5%, and less than the organic average content of Soil Loss half, agricultural production is in Farmland was overused without proper attention to the maintenance of its fertility predation formula management position.Straw-returning is the effective means that promotes the soil organic matter, also is the important step of cost-saving synergistic, development quality benefit type agricultural.In recent years, Gansu Province widelys popularize the corn full film double-furrow and broadcasts technology, and corn kernel and stalk output significantly improve, but maize straw is except part is used for animal feeding-stuff, and a large amount of stalk resources are wasted, and comprehensive utilization ratio only accounts for 40%～60%.In recent years along with the development of rural economy and the raising of living standards of the people, larger variation occurs in life in the countryside using energy source structure, and most of stalk is abandoned by random heap, and these stalks have is deposited in border district, village head, is the major hidden danger of rural fire; Have because the crops crops for rotation are nervous, can not be in time field also, for not affecting lower batch sowing, the peasant often burns stalk on the spot, causes and both wastes resource, breaking-up soil affects traffic, again the disastrous effect of contaminated environment.Large scale application maize straw mechanization direct returning to farmland technology is the effective way of current raising stalk comprehensive utilization ratio.The development maize straw returning technology, protection of the environment promotes good part ecological circulation, makes stalk appreciate and enlarge, turn waste into wealth, and is imperative.
Full film double-furrow broadcast technology be Gansu Province for the climatic characteristic in arid and semi-arid area, on the basis that overcomes the traditional planting technology deficiency, research and propose one integrates to cover and presses down the dry farming new technology that steamings, face collection rain, ditch ridge are planted.This technology has realized the enrichment stack of farmland surface rainwater is utilized, solved the problem that suppresses to greatest extent the invalid evaporation of soil moisture, the different corn plantings ecological zone research experiment in Gansu Province, all obtain significant effect of increasing production, the more traditional half film tiling of corn yield volume increase is more than 30%.Broadcast in recent years the popularization of culture technique along with full film double-furrow, Gansu Province's full film double-furrow is broadcast maize sown area and is reached more than 1,000 ten thousand mu, simultaneously this technology in Qinghai, the part agricultural region, province such as Ningxia, Inner Mongol carried out Demonstration And Extension, full film double-furrow is broadcast maize sown area and is also reached nearly 1,000,000 mu, and the development of applying as China's dry farming that full film double-furrow is broadcast technology plays an important role.
About corn full film double-furrow sowing planting to its studies show that of characteristic and soil fertility of growing, utilize full film double-furrow to broadcast the corn planting technology, the corn of tradition plantation all has to some extent in its plant height, the number of blade, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic gesture and individual plant dry-matter accumulation amount etc. increases, water use efficiency, temperature and nutrientuse efficiency improve, and have increased by 1 ~ 1.5 times than traditional cultivation method fertilizing amount.Corn is that water consumption consumes fertile type crop, adopt full film double-furrow to broadcast culture technique, for corn growth has been created a comparatively good habitat, but promote this technology at the barrenr Techniques in Dry-farming Areas of script, when pursuing high yield, will certainly aggravate consuming excessively soil moisture and nutrient, adding the unreasonable of long-term continuous corn cropping and chemical fertilizer uses, can cause soil compaction, degradation problem under the fertility level, therefore in order to guarantee the sustainable development of corn yield and Gansu corn, for these problems that may exist, the pattern of maize straw in conjunction with corn full film double-furrow sowing planting technology proposed.
The viewpoint that at present affects plant growth to improving soil physico-chemical property about straw-returning has obtained lot of domestic and foreign scholar's generally approval.The researchs such as Huo Zhu find that straw-returning can delay the aging of maize leaf to a certain extent, promote the corn dry matter to the transhipment of seed.Horse is forever very waited and has studied the impact of maize straw on soil physico-chemical property, and the bulk density of soil descends behind the discovery straw-returning, and granular structure increases, and soil infiltration ability strengthens, the increase of soil moisture conservation performance.Hu Xiangying etc. studies show that straw-returning so that soil microbe quantity increases, the movable enhancing, have accelerated the decomposition of soil organic matter conversion, are to increase the most effective measures of the soil organic matter.But under the corn full film double-furrow was broadcast culture technique and background that maize straw combines, the document that the research soil physico-chemical characteristic changes with the corn growth aspect there is not yet report.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide also field corn ditch broadcasting method of the two whole stalks of ridge stalk of a kind of full film.
The two whole stalks of ridge stalk of the full film of the present invention are field corn ditch broadcasting method also, in front stubble plantation full film double-furrow is broadcast the ridge inter-drain in corn plot after the uniform of application, adopt giving back field machine for corn stalks that the whole bar of front stubble maize straw is overwhelmed in the inter-drain of ridge, and by wide 60 ~ 65 centimetres, high 10 ~ 15 centimetres parameter shaping forms the ridge of being piled up by stalk; Then with the ridging film mulching integrated machine soil is located on the ridge of front stubble and carried out whole turning over, and finish 5 ~ 10 centimetres soil cover on the ridge that stalk is piled up, form at last wide 70 ~ 80 centimetres, high 15 ~ 25 centimetres ridge, finish simultaneously the full ground of mulch film and cover; Soil temperature is stable under mulch film when spending by 10, carries out program request with dibbler in the inter-drain of ridge; Seedling during 2 leaves wholeheartedly is in 3 ~ 4 leaf phase final singlings; In the typhon mouth phase, impose the complex microorganism organic fertilizer material with dibbler at corn root; When the disappearance of corn kernel milk-line, the fruit ear of gathering when the black layer of base portion occurs.
Described program request is according to 25 ~ 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and carry out at the interval of every cave 1-2-1.
The thickness of described mulch film is 0.008 ~ 0.01mm, and width is 120 ~ 140cm.
The topdressing amount of described dibbler is 20 ~ 40 kg/acres.
The interior fertilizing amount of ridge inter-drain that described front stubble plantation full film double-furrow is broadcast the corn plot is 40 ~ 80 kg/acres.
Below by concrete experiment to the whole bar of stalk of the present invention also field dynamic change, soil temperature that full film double-furrow is broadcast corn topsoil soils nutrient, moisture change, the variation of the bulk density of soil, the impact of the variation of corn growth and corn ear and yield traits etc. is analyzed.
1 materials and methods
1.1 overview experimental field
The test region is located at the provincial Integrated Demonstration point of demonstration area, dry farming project Yuzhong, Gansu Province stone ditch, and this district is positioned at footpath, east 104 05, between the north latitude 35 53, height above sea level is 1970m, 7.4 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, 3044 ℃ of 〉=0 ℃ of active accumulated temperatures, 2179 ℃ of 〉=10 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature.Crop growth phase 200d, average 139d of frost-free season, about annual rainfall 350mm, evaporation discharge 1400mm, the test region is northern China Spring maize seeding growing area, cropping system be corn nonoculture or intercropping, 1 year 1 ripe, soil types is black mature soil river platform fiber crops soil, belongs to the typical Techniques in Dry-farming Areas in middle part, Gansu Province.
1.2 experimental scheme
7 processing (seeing Table 1) are established in test altogether, and random district group is arranged, and repeats residential quarter area 8 * 10=80m 3 times
2, the minizone is apart from 80cm.Experimental field preceding crop is that full film double-furrow is broadcast corn, presses 6000kghm on November 5th, 2010 according to the test processing
-2Crop-residue incorporation carry out stalk turn over also field, autumn overlay film, push up the icepro overlay film on March 7th, 2011, April 9 was sowed.Corn planting method adopts full film double-furrow to broadcast technology, and test maize planting kind is " middle beautiful No. 9 ", spacing in the rows 35cm, planting density 5.25 ten thousand strain hm
-2, the pure N:150 kghm of each residential quarter basal dressing during straw-returning
-2, P2O5:120 kghm
-2, the field management technology is conventional, and concrete processing mode sees Table 1.
Table 1 test is processed
1.3 soil sample collection and mensuration
Soil nutrient is measured: adopt soil sample in each experimental plot along " S " type according to test arrangement.Remove first the fallen leaves foreign material on soil sample earth's surface etc. before the soil sampling, in each residential quarter 0 ~ 40 cm topsoil soil sample, each residential quarter soil sample multipoint acquisition mixes, and takes fully room-dry behind the sample with quartering, and soil sample is sieved through 1mm and used in order to the later stage test.Soil Available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, full nitrogen, full phosphorus and the content of organic matter are measured and are all measured according to the soil agrochemistry analytical method.
Determining soil moisture: measure 0 ~ 60cm soil layer soil water content in the furrow at the corn different growth stage, measure with oven drying method.Soil sample is dried by the fire 12h and is weighed to constant weight in 105 ℃ of baking ovens.
Soil moisture content (%)=(wet soil weight-oven-dried soil is heavy) * 100/ oven-dried soil is heavy
Soil temperature is measured: measure 0 ~ 25cm topsoil soils temperature with angle geothermometer, locate at the middle part, residential quarter, minute was measured at dusk 20:00 of once cut-off in per 3 hours since 8:00 in the morning, and soil temperature is the mean value of 4 observations every day.
Soil structure is measured: be that a layering is measured the bulk density of soil with core cutter method to 0 ~ 40 cm topsoil by 10cm.
Morphological index and yield traits are measured: representative strains 10 strains are chosen in each experimental plot, decide strain and measure its plant height, stem and slightly reach leaf area.Correlated Yield Characters is measured after the fruit ear airing is air-dry, and conventional determining output is also converted the per hectare gross output value.
1.4 data are processed
Test data utilizes Excel 2003 and DPS statistical software to analyze.
2 results and analysis
2.1 straw-returning is broadcast the impact of corn topsoil soils nutrient on full film double-furrow
In the corn maturing stage full film double-furrow of different disposal is broadcast corn 0 ~ 40cm topsoil soils nutrient determination and analysis (seeing Table 2), the result that table 2 shows shows, different straw-returnings are processed the impact that the full film double-furrow in different overlay film period is broadcast the topsoil soils nutrient and are not quite similar.With regard to topsoil soils alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content change, the variation of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content between different straw-returnings are processed relatively shows as the straw-returning＞2 years usefulness of no-tillage toothing one film of pruning return field＞chopping and returning＞not, wherein the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of T3, T4 processing contrasts T0 has increased respectively 4.4% and 4.2%, the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content that T5, T6 process contrasts T1 has increased respectively 6.5% and 4.2%, and the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content that T2 processes contrasts T1 and has descended 2.0%, and difference contrasts and reaches significance level between processing; Straw-returning contrasts T0, T1 to the impact of content of soil available phosphor and changes not obvious, the content of soil available phosphor that wherein only has T3 to process contrasts T0 has increased by 0.9%, the available phosphorus contents of other processing contrasts all and reduces to some extent, and the content of soil available phosphor of 2 years usefulness of no-tillage toothing one film contrasts T1 and descended 1.9%; The variation of Soil Available potassium content shows as T5＞T6＞T3＞T4＞T2＞T0＞T1 between different disposal, Film Mulching in Autumn straw-returning T5, T6 processes more not stalk autumn overlay film T1(CK1) the Soil Available potassium content increased by 7.8%, 7.4%, overlay film straw-returning T3 is insulted on the top, T4 processes more the stalk top and insults overlay film T0(CK2) the Soil Available potassium content increased by 7.6%, with 5.0%, the Soil Available potassium content of 2 years usefulness of no-tillage toothing one film contrasts T0 has increased by 4.5%, as seen the corn full film double-furrow be can improve by straw-returning and topsoil soils alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content broadcast, not obvious on the impact of content of soil available phosphor.
The variation of table 20 ~ 40cm topsoil soils nutrient content
Annotate: difference reached 5% significance level between the different lowercases of same column represented to process, and is lower same.
The impact that straw-returning is broadcast the topsoil soils content of organic matter to the corn full film double-furrow shows as: Film Mulching in Autumn straw-returning＞top is insulted overlay film straw-returning＞no-tillage toothing one film 2 years with＞straw-returning not, wherein T5, the T6 topsoil soils content of organic matter contrasts T1 has increased respectively 9.7%, 9.2%, the soil organic matter content that the straw-returning Film Mulching in Autumn is processed is average 9.45%; Adopt the top to insult the overlay film full film double-furrow and broadcast technology, the soil organic matter content that T3, T4 process contrasts T0 has increased respectively 5.8%, 3.3%, no-tillage toothing one film contrasted T0 with the soil organic matter content of processing in 2 years has increased by 6.4%, and visible straw-returning and no-tillage toothing are broadcast the topsoil soils content of organic matter to raising corn full film double-furrow obvious effect.
Straw-returning is broadcast the impact that the full nitrogen of topsoil soils and content of tatal phosphorus change to the corn full film double-furrow and shown as: the corn full film double-furrow that straw-returning is processed is broadcast more not straw-returning processing T0 of the full nitrogen of topsoil soils and content of tatal phosphorus, the content of T1 all shows the trend of increase, T5 wherein, the total nitrogen content of soil that T6 processes has increased respectively 16.7% and 11.7% than T1, content of tatal phosphorus has increased respectively 15.3% and 11.8%, T3, the total nitrogen content of soil that T4 processes has increased respectively 5.7% and 10.5% than T0, content of tatal phosphorus has increased respectively 3.3% and 6.7%, and difference reaches significance level between processing and contrasting.And no-tillage toothing one film 2 years contrasts T1 with the full nitrogen of topsoil soils, the content of tatal phosphorus of processing T2 and all decreases, and wherein total nitrogen content has descended 12.5%, and content of tatal phosphorus has descended 11.9%.Straw-returning is broadcast the complexity that aggregate performance is provided the trend that is improved soil nitrogen and potassium element and the soil phosphorus initial stage is improved that affects of soil nutrient on the corn full film double-furrow in a word.
2.2 straw-returning is broadcast the Dynamic Effect of corn Topsoil Water to full film double-furrow
Fig. 1 is seen in the impact that maize straw is broadcast corn different growth stage 0 ~ 60cm soil layer soil moisture to full film double-furrow, this test is processed by maize straw, discovery is significantly higher than T0 in the soil moisture that corn seeding phase T1 processes, adopt autumn overlay film corn full film double-furrow to broadcast technology, the plastic mulching time is long, reduced soil moisture in the invalid evaporation of getting over season and period in the beginning of spring, the top is insulted overlay film and began overlay film when the beginning of spring, the earth's surface was thawed, and visible full film double-furrow is broadcast Topsoil Water and changed relevant with the overlay film time.T2 adopts no-tillage toothing one film 2 years to contrast with its soil moisture of technology that T1 reduces to some extent but difference is not remarkable, between straw-returning is processed in conjunction with the different times overlay film sowing time soil moisture content contrast all and decrease, show as T1＞T0＞T3＞T5＞T4＞T6, same time overlay film, different stalk form field also wherein, soil water-containing change and relatively show as also field of whole strain straw-returning＞crushing straw.In the corn shooting stage, owing to being subject to the impact of continuous drought weather, soil moisture content is than all reducing to some extent sowing time between different disposal, and soil moisture content changes similar to sowing time.
After corn growth enters tasseling stage, soil content changes less between different disposal, the soil moisture content excursion is 8.21 ~ 8.42%, and the soil moisture content of its overlay film straw chopping and returning processing in mid-autumn T6 is higher than other straw-returnings to be processed, and the soil content variation is different not remarkable between different disposal.In the corn maturing stage, because being higher than the top, autumn overlay film straw-returning decomposition degree insults the overlay film straw-returning, straw-returning is broadcast the variation of 0 ~ 60cm soil layer soil moisture content from the corn full film double-furrow of different overlay film time, 2 years usefulness of no-tillage toothing one film and is shown as autumn overlay film straw-returning＞top icepro overlay film straw-returning＞no-tillage toothing＞straw-returning processing, the soil moisture content that straw-returning is processed will be processed apparently higher than the T0 that does not carry out straw-returning, T1, and same time overlay film, different stalk form also field soil water content relatively show as chopping and returning＞pruning return field.Maize straw impact that the corn full film double-furrow is broadcast 0 ~ 60cm soil layer soil moisture shows as at corn growth straw-returning in early stage soil moisture is absorbed the consumption effect in a word, along with corn progresses into the growth later stage, the soil moisture that the moisture of stalk self and early stage absorb in the maize straw decay process begins to be returned in the soil, plays a later stage soil moisture content compensating action.
2.3 straw-returning corn full film double-furrow is broadcast the analysis of topsoil soils variations in temperature
The impact that straw-returning is broadcast the topsoil soils temperature to the corn full film double-furrow sees Table 3.As can be seen from Table 3,0 ~ 25cm topsoil soils mean temperature exists difference between different disposal.In the corn seeding phase, 0 ~ 25cm soil layer soil the mean temperature of discovery after straw-returning is processed more not straw-returning processed T0, T1 is all on the low side, its overlay film straw-returning processing in mid-autumn T5, T6 contrast the T1 mean temperature low respectively 0.8 ℃ and 1.1 ℃ and significant difference, the top is insulted the overlay film straw-returning and is processed T3, T4 contrast the T0 mean temperature low respectively 0.3 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ and difference reach significance level, soil temperature difference was not remarkable between autumn overlay film and top icepro straw-returning were processed, the same time overlay film, different stalk forms also field processing are compared, the pruning return field treatment temperature is higher than chopping and returning to be processed, and to compare its soil temperature minimum and no-tillage toothing is processed T2 and other processing.Enter corn growth during the shooting stage, soil temperature is than obviously improving sowing time between different disposal, soil temperature after straw-returning is processed changes and contrasts that T0, T1 are on the low side but difference is not remarkable, and 0 ~ 25cm topsoil soils variations in temperature is in 22.2 ~ 22.7 ℃ of scopes.In corn pustulation period and maturing stage, soil temperature changes compared with the control difference not significantly between different disposal, and the influence that straw-returning is broadcast the topsoil soils temperature to corn growth later stage full film double-furrow is not obvious.
The variation of the different maize growth of table 30 ~ 25cm in period topsoil soils temperature
2.4 the corn full film double-furrow is broadcast the variation of topsoil soils unit weight behind the straw-returning
Measure maize straw after the harvest corn Fig. 2 is seen in the variation of 0 ~ 40 cm topsoil soils unit weight, the impact of broadcasting corn topsoil soils unit weight through full film double-furrow after the maize straw processing in 1 year the results are shown in Figure 3.Increase gradually at the increase bulk density of soil of 0 ~ 40cm soil layer along with soil depth as seen from Figure 2.Broadcast topsoil at 0 ~ 10cm full film double-furrow, bulk density of soil excursion is at 1.26 ~ 1.30 mgcm between different disposal
-3Between, no-tillage toothing is processed the bulk density of soil and is 1.3 mgcm to the maximum
-3, other straw-returnings process to full film double-furrow broadcast corn 0 ~ 10cm topsoil unit weight and contrast T0, T1 difference is less.Along with the increase of soil depth, at 10 ~ 20cm soil layer, the soil behind the straw-returning contrasts and reduces, and wherein the different straw-returnings processing of top icepro overlay film T3, T4 contrast T1 and show as T3＜T4＜T0, and 0.025 mgcm has descended respectively
-3With 0.03 mgcm
-3And the different straw-returnings of autumn overlay film are processed the bulk density of soil and are compared and show as T5＜T6＜T1, and 0.04 mgcm has descended respectively
-3With 0.03 mgcm
-3At 20 ~ 30cm soil layer, no-tillage toothing is processed the bulk density of soil and is compared maximum with other processing, descend obviously and broadcast the corn soil layer bulk density of soil through the full film double-furrow behind the straw-returning, wherein also the bulk density of soil processed of field is less than whole strain straw-returning for crushing straw, and the autumn overlay film straw-returning bulk density of soil changes insults the overlay film straw-returning greater than the top and process.The bulk density of soil changes littlely between 30 ~ 40cm soil layer different disposal, and straw-returning is obvious not as good as 20 ~ 30cm soil layer on bulk density of soil impact, and this may be relevant to soil depth, straw-returning time with straw-returning.
2.5 the variation of different growth stage corn growth
The full film double-furrow that table 4 is processed for different tests is broadcast corn in the grow situation of dynamic change of different growth stage.Can find out from the corn shooting stage, thick and the leaf area of its corn plant height of residential quarter behind straw-returning, stem all is lower than contrast T0, T1, wherein in the autumn, the overlay film straw-returning was processed, the crushing straw also thick and leaf area of plant height, the stem processed of field is lower than whole strain straw-returning and processes; Overlay film is insulted on the top, also Tian Yuqiu overlay film straw-returning is similar for different stalk form, no-tillage toothing one film 2 years with the residential quarter corn plant height of processing, stem is thick and leaf area all is lower than other processing.Along with corn growth arrives the typhon mouth during phase, thick and the leaf area of its corn plant height, stem increases, the dynamic change of growing between different disposal is relatively similar to the shooting stage, whole strain, crushing straw be the field also, and its corn plant height of residential quarter that no-tillage toothing is processed, stem is thick and leaf area all is lower than the overlay film contrast same period T0, T1.When corn enters into pustulation period and maturing stage, corn growth carries out generative growth phase, the residential quarter corn plant height of processing through straw-returning this moment, stem is thick and variation has all occured leaf area compared with the control, the corn plants High variation shows as T5＞T0＞T2＞T6 between its autumn overlay film different disposal, the corn plants High variation shows as T3＞T1＞T4 between the icepro overlay film different disposal of top, and the corn plants of whole strain straw-returning is tall and big also to be processed in the field in crushing straw; Maize Stem is thick to be changed and shows as straw-returning and process and be higher than contrast T0, T1, Estimating Leaf Area In Maize change show as autumn overlay film straw-returning＞top icepro overlay film straw-returning＞no-tillage toothing one film 2 years with＞the stalk full film double-furrow is not broadcast processing.Corn growth gesture behind the straw-returning is better than contrast, has also postponed the too early aging phenomenon of plant.
Table 4 different times corn growth situation
2.6 corn ear and Analysis of Yield that different straw-returnings are processed
Corncob position, spike length, thick, the bald point of fringe length, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight and yield result are as shown in table 5 between different disposal.With regard to autumn overlay film straw-returning is processed, corn ear fringe position, spike length, fringe are thick, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight and contrast T1 relatively show as pruning return field＞straw chopping and returning＞straw-returning not, bald point long with contrast T1 and relatively show as the straw-returning of straw chopping and returning＞pruning return field＞not; Insult in the processing of overlay film straw-returning on the top, corn ear character is compared it with contrast T0 and is shown as the straw-returning of pruning return field＞straw chopping and returning＞not, consist of the corn yield index character in the autumn overlay film straw-returning and insult the overlay film straw-returning a little more than the top, and 2 years corn ear characters with processing of no-tillage toothing one film all are lower than contrast, corn ear character was a little more than contrast after maize straw was processed, statistic analysis result shows, does not all reach the significant difference level between the indices processing.With regard to corn yield Comparatively speaking, show as T5＞T3＞T6＞T0＞T4＞T1＞T2, wherein maize straw is processed T3, T4 contrast T0, and the output that T5, T6 contrast T1 has increased respectively by 161.5 kg/hm
2, 45.1 kg/hm
2With 159.9 kg/hm
2, 44.7 kg/hm
2, reduced by 116.7 kg/hm and the output of 2 years usefulness of no-tillage toothing one film contrasts T1
2, changing difference between output not remarkable, it is not obvious that straw-returning is broadcast Yield of Corn to this season full film double-furrow.
Table 5 different disposal corn ear and yield traits
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages with respect to prior art:
1, the present invention with straw-returning after the prior art results, and finish simultaneously turn over bury, ridging, overlay film, therefore can realize that the biological organic matter full dose is given back soil, ground anniversary zero exposed, not only Effective Raise soil organic matter content, and cut off the evaporation of soil moisture fully, rainfall is protected fully held in soil, thereby realized soil organic matter content and precipitation utilization ratio Synchronous lifting.
2, the present invention adopt the whole stalk of stalk also the field, turn over bury, the disposable of operation such as ridging, overlay film finish, saved in the prior art and will go back the operation in field after the crushed stalk, can realize again do mechanization operation, reduce the plantation operation, alleviate the labour, reduce production cost.
3, the present invention is applicable to below the height above sea level 2300rn, the area of annual rainfall 250～550mm, suitable crop corn.
Description of drawings
The variation of corn different growth stage 0 ~ 60cm soil layer soil moisture content behind Fig. 1 straw-returning;
Fig. 2 straw-returning is processed the impact on 0 ~ 40 cm topsoil soils unit weight.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment to the two whole stalks of ridge stalk of the full film of the present invention also field corn ditch broadcasting method be elaborated.
(1) depression bar ridging: in front stubble plantation full film double-furrow is broadcast the ridge inter-drain in corn plot after the uniform of application (fertilizing amount is 40 ~ 80 kg/acres), adopt giving back field machine for corn stalks that the whole bar of front stubble maize straw is overwhelmed in the inter-drain of ridge, and by wide 60 ~ 65 centimetres, high 10 ~ 15 centimetres parameter shaping forms the ridge of being piled up by stalk;
(2) ridging overlay film: with the ridging film mulching integrated machine soil is located on the ridge of front stubble and carried out whole turning over, and finish 5 ~ 10 centimetres soil cover on the ridge that stalk is piled up, form at last wide 70 ~ 80 centimetres, high 15 ~ 25 centimetres ridge (ridge that is formed by the soil horizon stalks mulching), finish simultaneously the full ground of mulch film and cover; The thickness of mulch film is 0.008 ~ 0.01mm, and width is 120 ~ 140cm.
(3) program request: soil temperature is stable under mulch film when spending by 10 (generally being mid-April), with dibbler in the inter-drain of ridge according to 25 ~ 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows, program request is carried out at the interval of every cave 1-2-1.
(4) thinning, final singling: thinning is in one heart stage of 2 leaves, and final singling was carried out in 3 ~ 4 leaf phases, reaches mu 3000 ~ 5000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings.
(5) topdress: in the typhon mouth phase, impose the complex microorganism organic fertilizer material with dibbler at corn root, mu topdresses 20 ~ 40 kilograms.
(6) results: when the disappearance of corn kernel milk-line, the fruit ear of gathering when the black layer of base portion occurs.
Claims (5)
1. the two whole stalks of ridge stalk of full film field corn ditch broadcasting method also, in front stubble plantation full film double-furrow is broadcast the ridge inter-drain in corn plot after the uniform of application, adopt giving back field machine for corn stalks that the whole bar of front stubble maize straw is overwhelmed in the inter-drain of ridge, and by wide 60～65 centimetres, high 10～15 centimetres parameter shaping forms the ridge of being piled up by stalk; Then with the ridging film mulching integrated machine soil is located on the ridge of front stubble and carried out whole turning over, and finish 5 ~ 10 centimetres soil cover on the ridge that stalk is piled up, form at last wide 70～80 centimetres, high 15～25 centimetres ridge, finish simultaneously the full ground of mulch film and cover; Soil temperature is stable under mulch film when spending by 10, carries out program request with dibbler in the inter-drain of ridge; Seedling during 2 leaves wholeheartedly is in 3～4 leaf phase final singlings; In the typhon mouth phase, impose the complex microorganism organic fertilizer material with dibbler at corn root; When the disappearance of corn kernel milk-line, the fruit ear of gathering when the black layer of base portion occurs.
2. the two whole stalks of ridge stalk of full film field corn ditch broadcasting method also as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described program request is according to 25～40 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and carry out at the interval of every cave 1-2-1.
3. the two whole stalks of ridge stalk of full film field corn ditch broadcasting method also as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described mulch film is 0.008～0.01mm, width is 120～140cm.
4. the two whole stalks of ridge stalk of full film field corn ditch broadcasting method also as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the topdressing amount of described dibbler is 20～40 kg/acres.
5. the two whole stalks of ridge stalk of full film field corn ditch broadcasting method also as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the fertilizing amount that described front stubble plantation full film double-furrow is broadcast in the ridge inter-drain in corn plot is 40～80 kg/acres.
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| CN2013100062588A CN103053309A (en) | 2013-01-08 | 2013-01-08 | Full-film dual-ridge integral-straw-returning corn furrow sowing method |
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| CN2013100062588A CN103053309A (en) | 2013-01-08 | 2013-01-08 | Full-film dual-ridge integral-straw-returning corn furrow sowing method |
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| CN103314764A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2013-09-25 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Furrow, film, ridge and straw combined type mulching cultivation method for crops |
| CN103583198A (en) * | 2013-10-19 | 2014-02-19 | 甘肃农业大学 | Whole-process mechanized operation method for full-film double-furrow corn planting |
| CN106665063A (en) * | 2016-12-03 | 2017-05-17 | 甘肃省耕地质量建设管理总站 | Corn whole plastic film coverage dual ridge surface rainwater collection furrow sowing planting method |
| CN110150061A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-23 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | A kind of method of the band-like overlay film returning to the field of irrigated arid area corn stover |
| CN110809930A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-02-21 | 王振玉 | Innovative environment-friendly technology for returning straws to field |
| CN115843591A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所 | Covering material and method for improving soil fertility, reducing steam, saving water and preventing insects |
| CN118266378A (en) * | 2024-04-01 | 2024-07-02 | 辽宁省旱地农林研究所(辽宁省水土保持研究所、辽宁省干旱地区造林研究所) | Water-retaining soil-fixing planting method for spring corns in arid hillside fields |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103314764A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2013-09-25 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Furrow, film, ridge and straw combined type mulching cultivation method for crops |
| CN103314764B (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-06-17 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Furrow, film, ridge and straw combined type mulching cultivation method for crops |
| CN103583198A (en) * | 2013-10-19 | 2014-02-19 | 甘肃农业大学 | Whole-process mechanized operation method for full-film double-furrow corn planting |
| CN106665063A (en) * | 2016-12-03 | 2017-05-17 | 甘肃省耕地质量建设管理总站 | Corn whole plastic film coverage dual ridge surface rainwater collection furrow sowing planting method |
| CN110150061A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-23 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | A kind of method of the band-like overlay film returning to the field of irrigated arid area corn stover |
| CN110809930A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-02-21 | 王振玉 | Innovative environment-friendly technology for returning straws to field |
| CN110809930B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2023-04-11 | 王立安 | Innovative environment-friendly technology for returning straws to field |
| CN115843591A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所 | Covering material and method for improving soil fertility, reducing steam, saving water and preventing insects |
| CN115843591B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-05-24 | 河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所 | Cover material and method for improving soil fertility, reducing steam, saving water and preventing insects |
| CN118266378A (en) * | 2024-04-01 | 2024-07-02 | 辽宁省旱地农林研究所(辽宁省水土保持研究所、辽宁省干旱地区造林研究所) | Water-retaining soil-fixing planting method for spring corns in arid hillside fields |
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Application publication date: 20130424 |