CN103814743A - Method for improving soil nutrition of organic orchard - Google Patents

Method for improving soil nutrition of organic orchard Download PDF

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CN103814743A
CN103814743A CN201410085948.1A CN201410085948A CN103814743A CN 103814743 A CN103814743 A CN 103814743A CN 201410085948 A CN201410085948 A CN 201410085948A CN 103814743 A CN103814743 A CN 103814743A
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orchard
soil
aromatic plants
organic
organic orchard
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CN103814743B (en
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姚允聪
宋婷婷
田佶
张�杰
宋备舟
桑旭升
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Beijing University of Agriculture
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Beijing University of Agriculture
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the soil nutrition of an organic orchard, belonging to the field of soil improvement of the orchard. The method comprises the steps: in the organic orchard of which the soil needs to be improved, taking maidenhair and spearmint as two aromatic plants to be planted; in March each year, sowing seeds of the two aromatic plants between the lines of fruit trees, i.e., mixedly intercropping the two aromatic plants in an alternate line planting method, and covering with a white plastic thin film after planting; when the height of seedlings of the two aromatic plants is 8cm to 12cm, carrying out thinning and transplanting, and keeping the spacing in the rows and spacing between rows 0.2*0.4m; in the early growth stage of the aromatic plants, watering every ten days, weeding, maintaining no weeds in the planting area, naturally growing the aromatic plants maidenhair and spearmint in the middle and later periods, mowing the aromatic plants in the last ten-day period of July and October, and naturally decomposing remains after mowing between the lines of the fruit trees. By planting the aromatic plants maidenhair and spearmint in the mixed way, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers in the orchard soil are effectively improved, nutrients of the orchard soil are enriched, and the requirements of the organic orchard are met.

Description

Improve the method for organic orchard soil nutrition
Technical field
The present invention relates to the process field that orchard soil improves, particularly relate to a kind of method that improves organic orchard soil nutrition.
Background technology
In soil, various biochemical reactions, except being subject to the impact of microbial activities, also need various corresponding enzymes to participate in just completing.Result of study shows, soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient are in close relations, it had both participated in the natural world material recycle including soil biogeochemistry process, was again the active storehouse of plant nutrient, was often used as the index that characterizes edaphon active degree, soil fertility and soil quality.Much research shows, sward has certain activation to soil enzyme, and the activation of upper soll layer enzyme, apparently higher than deep soil, but is differed on different enzymic activitys impact performances.Li Falin etc. are by orchard ground cover, interplanting green manure and plough clearly after 3 kinds of different soils way to manages are studied for many years to red soil children Longan Orchard soil enzyme activities in age and nutrient and point out, orchard ground cover cultivation can improve soil enzyme activities.Fu Jinhui etc. think that orchard ground cover can improve top layer He Guanxia top layer soil urease liveness in the ranks significantly, and along with the increase of the sward time limit, sward district urease activity is all in rising trend, and clear ploughing to some extent declines; And activity of acid phosphatase is larger on subsurface stratum impact, amplification is 60.7%, and the activity of acid phosphatase ratio contrast in the ranks of orchard ground cover district has obvious ascendant trend; Orchard ground cover district invertase activity also has obvious ascendant trend, and top layer and subsurface stratum are respectively than having increased by 22.5% and 17.3% before test, but the cultivated clearly treatment region of the lower soil invertase activity of hat has downward trend, has fallen 16.9% and 2.5% respectively than test is front lower; Sward is not remarkable on the impact of Soil protease and invertase.Also studies have found that sward has increased Activity of Catalase in Soil, but in its enzymic activity of deep layer lower than the clear soil of ploughing, think that it is because soil has temporarily been fixed soil nutrient that sward reduces soil urease liveness, but to preventing that loss of soil nutrient from having positive effect.
The most apple orchard soils of China are more barren, and the content of organic matter is low, and most dependence is used chemical fertilizer and guaranteed the demand of fruit tree to nutrition, is seriously restricting the production that organises of China's apple.Therefore the effective ways of, seeking to improve organic orchard soil fertility are to need the problem that solves.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method that improves organic orchard soil nutrition, can effectively improve the nutrient of organic orchard soil, improve soil quality, meet the requirement in organic orchard, cannot meet thereby solve the existing orchard's soil nutrient that only has sward the problem that organic orchard requires.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of method that improves organic orchard soil nutrition, comprising:
In the organic orchard that need to improve soil, two kinds of fragrant plants as planting take French marigold and savoury;
The annual seed of sowing described two kinds of fragrant plants March in the fruit tree in described organic orchard in the ranks, with two kinds of fragrant plants described in interlacing planting patterns mixing intercropping plant, covers white plastic film after plantation;
In the time that described two kinds of fragrant plant heights of seedling are 8cm~12cm, carry out a transplantation of seedlings, retain seeding row spacing 0.2 × 0.4m;
Early growth period in described two kinds of fragrant plants watered every 10 days, and intertill and clean tillage keeps mixing intercropping plant district without weeds, the middle and later periods self-sow of described fragrant plant French marigold and savoury, cradle in late July and October, described in the fruit tree natural decomposition in the ranks that cradles thing and stay described organic orchard after cradling.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: by intercropping mixed planting fragrant plant French marigold and savoury in orchard, compared with natural grass district, full nitrogen in soil 0~20cm soil layer and 20~40cm soil layer, full phosphorus and full potassium content are effectively improved, improve the nutrient of orchard soil, met the needs in organic orchard.
Embodiment
Below the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method that improves organic orchard soil nutrition, is applicable to plant the orchard of organic apple, and the method comprises:
In the organic orchard that need to improve soil, two kinds of fragrant plants as planting take French marigold and savoury;
The annual seed of sowing described two kinds of fragrant plants March in the fruit tree in described organic orchard in the ranks, with two kinds of fragrant plants described in interlacing planting patterns mixing intercropping plant, covers white plastic film after plantation;
In the time that described two kinds of fragrant plant heights of seedling are 8cm~12cm, carry out a transplantation of seedlings, retain seeding row spacing 0.2 × 0.4m;
Early growth period in described two kinds of fragrant plants watered every 10 days, and intertill and clean tillage keeps mixing intercropping plant district without weeds, the middle and later periods self-sow of described fragrant plant French marigold and savoury, cradle in late July and October, described in the fruit tree natural decomposition in the ranks that cradles thing and stay described organic orchard after cradling.
In said method, organic orchard is: the organic orchard that is 500mm~700mm in moistening continent, temperate zone half monsoon sex climate, average annual rainfall, what in organic orchard, plant is that life in 15 years, tree bulk-growth are good, the uniform fruit tree of tree vigo(u)r, and fruit tree seeding row spacing is 5 × 6m.
The fragrant plant adopting in method of the present invention is the plant group that has medicinal plant and the total attribute of aromatic plant concurrently, to contain essential oil, one class aromatic plant of volatile oil or difficult volatilization natural gum, it is except containing many medicinal ingredients and fragrance component, also contain polyphenoils, the composition such as antibacterial material and natural colouring matter, they are except containing essential oil or volatile oil, also containing a large amount of nutrient components and trace element, after organic orchard intercropping fragrant plant, also can be used as green manure, improve fruit tree rhizospheric environment, improve soil organisms physicochemical property, improve soil quality.Fragrant plant has been rich in polyphenoils, antibacterial material, natural colouring matter, a large amount of nutrient component and trace element, may have certain improving effect to soil organic matter content and Mineral Elements Content.In addition, by the two kinds of fragrant plants of the present invention of intercropping in orchard, minimizing orchard damage by disease and insect, raising micro-territory, orchard Environment-Ecosystem are stablized and had certain effect.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, method of the present invention is described further.
Take organic sightseeing apple orchard, king home, stream villages and small towns, Changping District, Beijing as pilot, take fragrant plant French marigold (Tagetespatula L.), savoury (Satureja hortensis) as planting plants, the intercropping mixed planting district of French marigold × peppermint is set in orchard, take natural grass district as contrast, the inventive method is specific as follows:
Selecting weather is organic orchard that moistening continent, temperate zone half monsoon sex climate, average annual rainfall are about 600mm, and seeding row spacing is 5 × 6m, life in 15 years, and tree bulk-growth is good, and tree vigo(u)r is even;
During fruit tree normal growth, orchardist will adopt artificial and physical method to carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, lures collection, lures and collect haftplatte, fruit bagging and dormant stage of fruit tree and spray the measures such as 3-5 ° of lime sulfur as wiped out sick branch, light winter; The natural conditions such as physical features, soil property and cultivation management are all basically identical;
In annual March, take fragrant plant French marigold (Tagetespatula L.) and savoury (Satureja hortensis) as planting plants, respectively mix intercropping district and take fragrant plant interlacing planting patterns; Interrow crop seed is seeded in fruit tree in the ranks in duration of test the last ten-days period in March, then covers white plastic film; When the about 10cm of interrow crop height of seedling, carry out a transplantation of seedlings, retain seeding row spacing 0.2 × 0.4m; Fragrant plant early growth period watered every 10 days and intertill and clean tillage once mixes up district without weeds with maintenance, and the middle and later periods is let alone growth, and cradles in late July and October, cradles thing and stays natural decomposition in the ranks.
By the analysis to apple orchard 0~20cm and 20~40cm soil layer structure of soil microbial community, soil enzyme activities, the basic physicochemical character of soil and soil quality variation, between mixing, research fragrant plant makes the effect to apple orchard soil.
Following table be the present invention's mixing intercropping fragrant plant on alkaline hydrolysis N in the soil in each period of apple orchard, effectively P, effectively K content and natural grass affect Data Comparison (mg/kg):
Figure BDA0000475073870000041
In upper table: AN: alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; AP: available phosphorus; AK: effectively potassium; Lowercase represents the new multipole difference analysis by Deng Kenshi, and under P<0.05 level, otherness is remarkable.
Can find out by upper table data, method of the present invention is compared with the natural grass of apple orchard, fragrant plant French marigold and savoury equal proportion are mixed in the situation of intercropping, although reduced Soil Microorganism amount, but also change structure of soil microbial community, improved soil enzyme activities (especially urase and catalase), soil moisture content, improved soil pH value, and increased soil nutrient content, apple orchard soil is improved and has significant effect.Correlative study and practice show, orchard intercropping can fertilizing soil, regulate soil temperature and humidity, improve orchard micro-ecological environment, thereby promotes growth and development of fruit tree.In this research, there is impact in various degree compared with natural grass to the raising of soil nutrient in apple orchard mixing intercropping fragrant plant.For single soil nutrient index, all exist and have the fragrant plant of remarkable increase to mix intercropping district to its content; But a definite mixing intercropping district does not all have remarkable result for increasing all soil nutrient indexs.Fragrant plant is except containing essential oil or volatile oil, also containing a large amount of nutrient components and trace element, and, fragrant plant has larger biomass at growth animated period compared with natural grass, after the intercropping of apple orchard, the mass exchange ability of carrying out between fragrant plant and soil is far better than the natural grass in apple orchard, has accelerated the conversion of each material in soil, thereby has improved the soil nutrient content in fragrant plant mixing intercropping district.
The above; only for preferably embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.

Claims (2)

1. a method for the organic orchard soil nutrition of improvement, is characterized in that, comprising:
In the organic orchard that need to improve soil, two kinds of fragrant plants as planting take French marigold and savoury;
The annual seed of sowing described two kinds of fragrant plants March in the fruit tree in described organic orchard in the ranks, with two kinds of fragrant plants described in interlacing planting patterns mixing intercropping plant, covers white plastic film after plantation;
In the time that described two kinds of fragrant plant heights of seedling are 8cm~12cm, carry out a transplantation of seedlings, retain seeding row spacing 0.2 × 0.4m;
Early growth period in described two kinds of fragrant plants watered every 10 days, and intertill and clean tillage keeps mixing intercropping plant district without weeds, the middle and later periods self-sow of described fragrant plant French marigold and savoury, cradle in late July and October, described in the fruit tree natural decomposition in the ranks that cradles thing and stay described organic orchard after cradling.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic orchard is: the organic orchard that is 500mm~700mm in moistening continent, temperate zone half monsoon sex climate, average annual rainfall, in in described organic orchard, plantation is that life in 15 years, tree bulk-growth are good, the uniform fruit tree of tree vigo(u)r, and described fruit tree seeding row spacing is 5 × 6m.
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CN104145554A (en) * 2014-07-17 2014-11-19 安徽格林亲子农庄有限公司 Orchard soil amelioration method for loquat cultivation process
CN104982190A (en) * 2015-06-23 2015-10-21 柳州市天姿园艺有限公司 Cypress vine planting method
CN107047155A (en) * 2017-06-20 2017-08-18 山东农业大学 Make the method for improvement continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning
CN108157043A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-15 郭肖宏 A kind of implantation methods in organic orchard
CN109122060A (en) * 2018-07-13 2019-01-04 山东省果树研究所 Method of purification of the single Wild grass herba digitariae in natural grass orchard
CN115024146A (en) * 2022-06-11 2022-09-09 上栗县梦仙生态农业发展有限公司 Pear tree planting method
CN115251028A (en) * 2022-06-23 2022-11-01 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 Method for treating spartina alterniflora by using broken grass

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104145554A (en) * 2014-07-17 2014-11-19 安徽格林亲子农庄有限公司 Orchard soil amelioration method for loquat cultivation process
CN104982190A (en) * 2015-06-23 2015-10-21 柳州市天姿园艺有限公司 Cypress vine planting method
CN107047155A (en) * 2017-06-20 2017-08-18 山东农业大学 Make the method for improvement continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning
CN107047155B (en) * 2017-06-20 2020-09-18 山东农业大学 Method for improving soil of continuous cropping orchard by limited coverage positioning intercropping
CN108157043A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-15 郭肖宏 A kind of implantation methods in organic orchard
CN109122060A (en) * 2018-07-13 2019-01-04 山东省果树研究所 Method of purification of the single Wild grass herba digitariae in natural grass orchard
CN109122060B (en) * 2018-07-13 2020-08-25 山东省果树研究所 Purification method of single wild grass species large crabgrass in natural grass orchard
CN115024146A (en) * 2022-06-11 2022-09-09 上栗县梦仙生态农业发展有限公司 Pear tree planting method
CN115251028A (en) * 2022-06-23 2022-11-01 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 Method for treating spartina alterniflora by using broken grass
CN115251028B (en) * 2022-06-23 2024-05-10 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 Method for treating spartina alterniflora through broken grass

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