CN103814742B - The method of organic orchard mixing intercropping plant - Google Patents
The method of organic orchard mixing intercropping plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814742B CN103814742B CN201410085939.2A CN201410085939A CN103814742B CN 103814742 B CN103814742 B CN 103814742B CN 201410085939 A CN201410085939 A CN 201410085939A CN 103814742 B CN103814742 B CN 103814742B
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- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 244000296912 Ageratum conyzoides Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000004405 Ageratum conyzoides Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 240000000785 Tagetes erecta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000012311 Tagetes erecta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000004452 Tagetes patula Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 235000011073 invertase Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GZCWLCBFPRFLKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-ynoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COCC#C GZCWLCBFPRFLKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000013563 Acid Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010051457 Acid Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 240000003870 Ageratum houstonianum Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000002114 Satureja hortensis Species 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of organic orchard mixing intercropping plant, belong to orchard's soil nutrient improvement field.The method comprises: in organic orchard, with French marigold, savoury and Ageratum conyzoides three kinds of fragrant plants for plantation; March sows the seed of three kinds of fragrant plants in the ranks in fruit tree, with interlacing planting patterns mixing intercropping plant three kinds of fragrant plants, and the white plastic film of plantation bonnet; When three kinds of fragrant plant heights of seedling are 8cm ~ 12cm, carry out a transplantation of seedlings, retain seeding row spacing 0.2 × 0.4m; Water every 10 days at the early growth period of three kinds of fragrant plants, and intertill and clean tillage keeps mixing intercropping plant district without weeds, the middle and later periods self-sow of three kinds of fragrant plants, cradled thing stay natural decomposition between fruit tree in late July and October after cradling.By mixed planting fragrant plant French marigold, savoury and Ageratum conyzoides, effectively improve full nitrogen in orchard soil 0 ~ 20cm and 20 ~ 40cm soil layer, full phosphorus and full potassium content, improve orchard's soil nutrient, meet the needs in organic orchard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the process field of orchard soil improvement, particularly relate to a kind of method of organic orchard mixing intercropping plant.
Background technology
In soil, various biochemical reaction is except by except the impact of microbial activities, also needs various corresponding enzyme to participate in just completing.Result of study shows, soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient in close relations, it had both participated in the natural world material recycle comprising soil biogeochemistry process, was again the active storehouse of plant nutrient, often by the index as sign edaphon active degree, soil fertility and soil quality.Much research shows, sward has certain activation to soil enzyme, to the activation of upper soll layer enzyme apparently higher than deep soil, but affects performance to different enzymic activity and differs.Li Falin etc. are pointed out by orchard ground cover, interplanting green manure and clear ploughing after 3 kinds of different soils way to manages are studied for many years to red soil children Longan Orchard soil enzyme activities in age and nutrient, and orchard ground cover cultivation can improve soil enzyme activities.Fu Jinhui etc. think that orchard ground cover can improve in the ranks top layer and hat layer soil urease liveness significantly, and along with the increase of the sward time limit, sward district urease activity is all in rising trend, and clear ploughing declines to some extent; And activity of acid phosphatase is comparatively large on subsurface stratum impact, amplification is 60.7%, and orchard ground cover district in the ranks activity of acid phosphatase have obvious ascendant trend than contrast; Orchard ground cover district invertase activity also has obvious ascendant trend, and top layer and subsurface stratum add 22.5% and 17.3% than before test respectively, but the cultivated clearly treatment region of the lower soil invertase activity of hat has downward trend, respectively than front lower 16.9% and 2.5% of having fallen of test; The impact of sward on Soil protease and invertase is not remarkable.Also studies have found that sward adds Activity of Catalase in Soil, but plough soil in its enzymic activity of deep layer lower than clear, thinking that sward reduces soil urease liveness is because soil temporarily secures soil nutrient, but to preventing loss of soil nutrient from having positive effect.
The most apple orchard soil of China is more barren, and the content of organic matter is low, and most dependence uses chemical fertilizer to ensure the demand of fruit tree to nutrition, seriously governs the production that organises of China's apple.Therefore, the effective ways seeking to improve organic orchard soil fertility are the problems needing to solve.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method of organic orchard mixing intercropping plant, the nutrient of organic orchard soil can be increased, improve soil quality, meet the requirement in organic orchard, thus solve the existing problem only having the orchard's soil nutrient of sward cannot meet the requirement of organic orchard.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of method of organic orchard mixing intercropping plant, comprising:
Needing to increase in organic orchard of soil nutrient, with French marigold, savoury and Ageratum conyzoides three kinds of fragrant plants for plantation;
March sows the seed of described three kinds of fragrant plants in the ranks in the fruit tree in described organic orchard, with three kinds of fragrant plants described in interlacing planting patterns mixing intercropping plant, covers White plastic film after plantation;
When described three kinds of fragrant plant heights of seedling are 8cm ~ 12cm, carry out a transplantation of seedlings, retain seeding row spacing 0.2 × 0.4m;
Water every 10 days at the early growth period of described three kinds of fragrant plants, and intertill and clean tillage keeps mixing intercropping plant district without weeds, the middle and later periods self-sow of described three kinds of fragrant plants, cradle in late July and October, described in cradle after cradle the fruit tree natural decomposition in the ranks that thing stays described organic orchard.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: by intercropping mixed planting fragrant plant French marigold, savoury and Ageratum conyzoides in orchard, compared with natural grass district, effectively improve full nitrogen in soil 0 ~ 20cm soil layer and 20 ~ 40cm soil layer, full phosphorus and full potassium content, improve the nutrient of orchard soil, meet the needs in organic orchard.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method of organic orchard mixing intercropping plant, and be applicable to the orchard of planting Organic Apple, the method comprises:
Needing to increase in organic orchard of soil nutrient, with French marigold, savoury and Ageratum conyzoides three kinds of fragrant plants for plantation;
March, the fruit tree in organic orchard sowed the seed of three kinds of fragrant plants in the ranks, with interlacing planting patterns mixing intercropping plant three kinds of fragrant plants, covered White plastic film after plantation;
When three kinds of fragrant plant heights of seedling are 8cm ~ 12cm, carry out a transplantation of seedlings, retain seeding row spacing 0.2 × 0.4m;
Water every 10 days at the early growth period of three kinds of fragrant plants, and intertill and clean tillage keeps mixing intercropping plant district without weeds, the middle and later periods self-sow of three kinds of fragrant plants, cradled in late July and October, cradled the fruit tree natural decomposition in the ranks that thing stays organic orchard after cradling.
In said method, organic orchard is: be in moistening continent, temperate zone half monsoon sex climate, organic orchard that average annual rainfall is 500mm ~ 700mm, what plant in organic orchard is that life in 15 years, Growth status are good, the uniform fruit tree of tree vigo(u)r, and fruit tree seeding row spacing is 5 × 6m.
By mixing intercropping plant three kinds of fragrant plant French marigolds, savoury and Ageratum conyzoides in orchard moderate proportions, compared with the natural grass of orchard, although reduce Soil Microorganism amount, but have also been changed structure of soil microbial community, improve soil enzyme activities (especially urase and catalase), soil moisture content, improve soil pH value, and add soil nutrient content, apple orchard soil is improved there is significant effect.The inventive method can change that the most apple orchard soil of China is more barren, and the content of organic matter is low, and most dependence uses chemical fertilizer to ensure the demand of fruit tree to nutrition, seriously governs the problem of producing that organises of China's apple.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, method of the present invention is described further.
With organic sightseeing apple orchard, king home, stream villages and small towns, Changping District, Beijing for pilot, with the fragrant plant that French marigold (TagetespatulaL.), savoury (Saturejahortensis), Ageratum conyzoides (Ageratumhoustonianum) are plantation, with French marigold × savoury × Ageratum conyzoides mixing intercropping plant, with natural grass district for contrast, the inventive method is specific as follows:
The above-mentioned pilot orchard selected meets organic orchard that weather is moistening continent, temperate zone half monsoon sex climate, average annual rainfall is about 600mm, and seeding row spacing is 5 × 6m, life in 15 years, and Growth status is good, the uniform requirement of tree vigo(u)r;
During fruit tree normal growth, orchardist will adopt artificial and physical method to carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, and as wiped out sick branch winter, light lures collection, lure and collect haftplatte, fruit bagging and dormant stage of fruit tree and spray the measures such as 3-5 ° of lime sulfur; The natural conditions such as physical features, soil property and cultivation management are all basically identical;
Annual March comes into effect, with the fragrant plant that fragrant plant French marigold (TagetespatulaL.), savoury (Saturejahortensis), Ageratum conyzoides (Ageratumhoustonianum) are plantation, each mixing intercropping district takes fragrant plant interlacing planting patterns, interrow crop seed is seeded in fruit tree in the ranks in duration of test the last ten-days period in March, then covers White plastic film; When interrow crop height of seedling is about 10cm, carry out a transplantation of seedlings, retain seeding row spacing 0.2 × 0.4m; Fragrant plant early growth period watered every 10 days and intertill and clean tillage once mixes up district without weeds with maintenance, and the middle and later periods lets alone growth, and cradles in late July and October, cradles thing and stays natural decomposition in the ranks.
By the analysis to apple orchard 0 ~ 20cm and the change of 20 ~ 40cm soil layer structure of soil microbial community, soil enzyme activities, the basic physicochemical character of soil and soil quality, between the mixing of research fragrant plant, make the effect to apple orchard soil.
Following table is that equal proportion of the present invention mixing intercropping three kinds of fragrant plants affect Data Comparison (mg/kg) to alkali slag, effectively P, effectively K content and natural grass in the soil in each period of apple orchard:
In upper table: AN: alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; AP: available phosphorus; AK: effectively potassium lowercase represents that under P<0.05 level, otherness is remarkable by Deng Kenshi new multipole difference analysis.
Can be found out by upper table data, method of the present invention is when fragrant plant French marigold, savoury and Ageratum conyzoides equal proportion mix intercropping, compared with the natural grass of apple orchard, although reduce Soil Microorganism amount, but change structure of soil microbial community, improve soil enzyme activities (especially urase and catalase), soil moisture content, improve soil pH value, and add soil nutrient content, apple orchard soil is improved there is significant effect.Correlative study and practice show, orchard intercropping can fertilizing soil, regulate soil temperature and humidity, improve orchard micro-ecological environment, thus promote growth and development of fruit tree.In the method, apple orchard mixing intercropping fragrant plant is compared with the raising existence impact in various degree of natural grass on soil nutrient.For single soil nutrient index, all exist and have to its content the fragrant plant mixing intercropping district significantly increased.Fragrant plant is except containing except essential oil or volatile oil, also containing a large amount of nutrient component and trace element, and, fragrant plant has larger biomass at growth animated period compared with natural grass, after the intercropping of apple orchard, the mass exchange ability of carrying out between fragrant plant and soil is far better than the natural grass in apple orchard, accelerates the conversion of each material in soil, thus improves the soil nutrient content in fragrant plant mixing intercropping district.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (1)
1. a method for organic orchard mixing intercropping plant, is characterized in that, comprising:
Needing to increase in organic orchard of soil nutrient, with French marigold, savoury and Ageratum conyzoides three kinds of fragrant plants for plantation;
March sows the seed of described three kinds of fragrant plants in the ranks in the fruit tree in described organic orchard, with three kinds of fragrant plants described in interlacing planting patterns intercropping plant, covers White plastic film after plantation;
When described three kinds of fragrant plant heights of seedling are 8cm ~ 12cm, carry out a transplantation of seedlings, retain seeding row spacing 0.2 × 0.4m;
Water every 10 days at the early growth period of described three kinds of fragrant plants, and intertill and clean tillage keeps intercropping plant district without weeds, the middle and later periods self-sow of described three kinds of fragrant plants, cradle in late July and October, described in cradle after cradle the fruit tree natural decomposition in the ranks that thing stays described organic orchard;
Described organic orchard is apple orchard, for the organic orchard being in moistening continent, temperate zone half monsoon sex climate, average annual rainfall is 500mm ~ 700mm, what plant in described organic orchard is that life in 15 years, Growth status are good, the uniform fruit tree of tree vigo(u)r, and described fruit tree seeding row spacing is 5 × 6m.
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