CN106358747A - Method for high-ridge close planting drip irrigation no-till planting of peanuts - Google Patents
Method for high-ridge close planting drip irrigation no-till planting of peanuts Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358747A CN106358747A CN201610937218.9A CN201610937218A CN106358747A CN 106358747 A CN106358747 A CN 106358747A CN 201610937218 A CN201610937218 A CN 201610937218A CN 106358747 A CN106358747 A CN 106358747A
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- arachidis hypogaeae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
At present, a peanut production method remains to be a conventional cultivation method, the planting density is small, the field utilization rate is low, the yield is obviously low, the rate of harvesting finished fruits is low, and the economic benefit is low, so that land resource waste is caused. Peanut production is an industry which needs medium investment and has medium yield. Regional differences of variety resources is large, specially varieties are fewer, one main reason is that the cultivation method falls behind production requirements. A method provided by the invention is a method for high-ridge close planting drip irrigation no-till planting of peanuts according to which one ridge has five rows and one hole has double plants, five rows are sown on a ridge, one ridge of a ridge-bordered plot has five rows of seedling belts, two plants are planted in one hole, 65000 plants are planted in one mu, the planting density is improved reasonably, and field space is fully utilized; through supporting management, the per unit area yield of the peanuts is improved, and the economic benefit of peanut planting is increased.
Description
Technical field
Agricultural planting industry peanut cultivation method.
Background technology
At present, peanut production method rests on traditional cultural method, and planting density is little, under the utilization rate of field, yield
Significant lower, results finished product fruit rate is relatively low, and economic benefit is relatively low, causes land resource to waste.The institute of developed country's peanut yield
Far to exceed world average level, one of most important of which factor is exactly that these countries have been commonly used dense planting method, sends out
From the point of view of reaching the peanut production of country, peanut production is a kind of medium input, the industry of medium output.The input of peanut production is main
Put into including seed, chemical fertilizer puts into, pesticide puts into, plant equipment puts into, labour force puts into and other inputs.Seed, machinery and
The input of fixed assets is the main input of developed country, and China put into large percentage part be seed, fertilizer (chemical fertilizer and
Farm manure), mechanization degree is very low, and gap is very remote compared with international most advanced level.Variety source regional disparity is larger,
Specific breed is few, and one of the main reasons is that cultural method falls behind Production requirement.The inventive method is that the Semen arachidis hypogaeae one ridge five elements one cave is double
Plant height ridge dense planting drip irrigation no-tillage cultivation method, sowing the five elements, embanked field one ridge five elements' Seedling band on the furrow ridge, a cave plants one plant, mu
Plant 6.5 ten thousand plants, rationally improve planting density, make full use of field space, add supporting management, improve Semen arachidis hypogaeae per unit area yield, increase
Peanut cultivation economy is produced effects benefit.
Content of the invention
The double plant height ridge dense planting non-ploughing growing method for white in the Semen arachidis hypogaeae one ridge five elements one cave, is 35cm high ridge 5 high on 4 meters of embanked fields Nei Zuo ridge
Bar, the embanked field both sides furrow ridge is planted 5 row Seedling bands, plants 5 row Seedling bands on the high ridge of embanked field, and a cave plants one plant, high distance between the ridges
66cm, both sides high ridge and furrow ridge spacing 35cm, each high ridge belt distance 16cm, Seedling bandwidth 40cm on high ridge, in ridge, Seedling belt distance is
The double strains of 13cm, spacing in the rows 13 cm, one cave plantation, 30 row Seedling bands are planted in 4 meters of embanked fields of standard, and mu sows 7.697 ten thousand plants, and mu keeps a full stand of seedings 6.5
Wan Zhu.The high 35cm in ridge, the high 35cm in the embanked field ridge, spread drip irrigation zone 6, herbicide closing is no-tillage between high ridge, be not embanked field to do ridge high
35cm high ridge, high ridge is planted 5 row Seedling bands, high distance between the ridges 66cm, high ridge belt distance 14cm, Seedling bandwidth 52cm on high ridge, in ridge
Seedling belt distance is the double strain of 13cm, spacing in the rows 13 cm, one cave plantation, and high ridge interband spreads drip irrigation zone, this cultural method referred to as 45
Six high ridge dense planting drip irrigation no-tillage cultivation methods, i.e. 4 meters of embanked fields, a ridge 5 row Seedling band, mu keeps a full stand of seedings more than 6.5 ten thousand plants；Abbreviation Semen arachidis hypogaeae 456
Planting method；
Concretely comprise the following steps:
First, selection of land and site preparation
Select that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, and irrigation and drainage are good, the neutrality of soil chiltern or alkalescence level land and gentle slope plot,
Carry out crop rotation in more than 3 years with gramineous crop, wheat stubble, corn stubble, rotten stubble are best.Semen phaseoli radiati stubble and sunflower stubble, poor soil should not be selected
Earth also should not plant Semen sojae atricolor.Subsoiling ridging, after October autumn harvest, carries out stubble-cleaning, site preparation, subsoiling, ridging.Subsoiling 20-30 centimetre,
To break plough low layer as standard.Close 1-2 time to be suppressed behind ridge, reach the purpose of hack soil moisture conservation.The high 35cm in ridging ridge, row spacing
66cm, the high 35cm in the embanked field ridge, embanked field ridge width 70cm, have that water condition is poured in drought resisting it is also possible to spring ridging.It is not the ground in 4 meters of embanked fields
Block, with regard to direct ridging, the high 35cm in ridge, row spacing 66cm, realize autumn rain, the winter snows spring is used, the spring drought autumn prevents it is ensured that once sowing is saved from damage
Seedling.Reach topsoil soils flat, loose, broken, real.With seven turnplow ridgings, to strengthen drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant ability.
2nd, Fruit variety
Select less than local more than 10 days frost-free period, less than more than 200 DEG C of kind of local effective accumulated temperature.The peanut varieties selecting
Have the Weihe River spend No. 16, the Weihe River spend No. 16, person of outstanding talent reach 66, open agriculture 71, business spend 511, business spend 511, Zheng Nong spend No. 13, Zheng spend No. 6, Luo spend No. 9,
Henan spends No. 33, Henan spends No. 34, Luo spends No. 8, Henan spends No. 37, Henan spends No. 40, flower educates 9610, flower is educated 9617, flower and educated 9612, flower and educates 31
Number, flower educate 9611, flower educate 57, flower educate No. 40, flower educate 9614, flower educate 9613, flower educate 918, stm-2, far miscellaneous 9102.
3rd, sow
Date of seeding: when 10 centimetres of depth surface soil layer temperature stably pass through 10 DEG C～12 DEG C in continuous three days, you can sowing.Plant attached bag
Clothing, can prevent and treat root-miner, root rot, subterranean pest-insect, and trace element supplement fertilizer.From containing insecticide, antibacterial, micro
The seed coat agent of molydbenum fertilizer is preferably.Can be selected for good fortune seed coat agent more than 35% gram, illustratively use.With grain weight 1.5%～2% green seed coating agent,
Or the U.S. produces and defends good fortune seed coat agent by pesticide-seeds ratio 1: 200 coating；Or hundred kilograms of Semen arachidis hypogaeae kinds defend good fortune with more than 35% gram of good fortune 1～1.5kg+
0.5kg coating, prevents and treats Semen arachidis hypogaeae root disease and pest.With the 0.1% of grain weight 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate seed dressing, the latent root of preventing and treating Semen arachidis hypogaeae
Fly.Prevent and treat Semen arachidis hypogaeae root rot with foliage spray such as thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, dimethachlons.
Sowing: with Xue Tishihuo garden disc type one ridge five elements' precision planter sowing.It is high in the high 35cm in 4 meters of embanked fields Nei Zuo ridge
5, ridge, the embanked field both sides furrow ridge is planted 5 row Seedling bands, plants 5 row Seedling bands on the high ridge of embanked field, and a cave plants one plant, high distance between the ridges
66cm, both sides high ridge and furrow ridge spacing 35cm, each high ridge belt distance 16cm, Seedling bandwidth 40cm on high ridge, in ridge, Seedling belt distance is
The double strains of 13cm, spacing in the rows 13 cm, one cave plantation, 30 row Seedling bands are planted in 4 meters of embanked fields of standard, and mu sows 7.697 ten thousand plants, and mu keeps a full stand of seedings 6.5
Wan Zhu.The high 35cm in ridge, the high 35cm in the embanked field ridge, spread drip irrigation zone 6, herbicide closing is no-tillage between high ridge, be not embanked field to do ridge high
35cm high ridge, high ridge is planted 5 row Seedling bands, high distance between the ridges 66cm, high ridge belt distance 14cm, Seedling bandwidth 52cm on high ridge, in ridge
Seedling belt distance is the double strain of 13cm, spacing in the rows 13 cm, one cave plantation, and high ridge interband spreads drip irrigation zone, this cultural method referred to as 45
Six high ridge dense planting drip irrigation no-tillage cultivation methods, i.e. 4 meters of embanked fields, a ridge 5 row Seedling band, mu keeps a full stand of seedings more than 6.5 ten thousand plants, abbreviation Semen arachidis hypogaeae 456
Planting method.
4th, apply fertilizer
Energetically advocate application of organic fertilizers, improving soil fertility, with support combination, improve Soil structure, make arable land continuous utilization.Mu applies 3 tons,
3 years 1 time, once apply in conjunction with site preparation and make base fertilizer.According to local soil test result, and soil supplying nutrient capability, in conjunction with fertilizer profit
With rate, design unit yield by local working condition, science and technology reasonably determines seed manure consumption.Seed manure must accomplish kind lower deep placement or
Plant side fertilising, in planting at lower 8～10cm, never kind, fertile same position, with unburned kind for deep application of fertilizer.Birch nanmu hardwood board potassium sulfate type is hexa-atomic
Compound fertilizer (containing n15, p30, k15, zn0.5, b0.5, mo0.5), has comprehensive nutrition, application is convenient, low cost, effect are good etc.
Advantage.Mu amount of application 30～60kg, at 95～130 days, seed manure, base fertilizer cannot meet Semen arachidis hypogaeae different times to peanut varieties period of duration
Need fertile requirement, it is serious that the later stage takes off the fertilizer underproduction.For this reason, the administration of foliage fertilizer to be attached great importance to.During fertility according to " see sky, see ground,
See Seedling " carry out foliage top dressing.2～3 compound leaf phases (Seedling Stage) of Semen arachidis hypogaeae, mu is excellent with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g+100g diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate etc.
Matter foliage fertilizer is watered 30kg；5～6 compound leaf phases (florescence) of Semen arachidis hypogaeae, mu humic acid 30g+100g diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate+100g phosphoric acid
Potassium dihydrogen is watered 30kg；Before Semen sojae atricolor envelope ridge (fruiting period), mu aminoacid 30g+100g diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate+100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate is converted
Water 30kg.In drip irrigation, drip irrigation zone can be added to apply field together fertilizer, realize water-fertilizer integral.Mix with fertilizer in ridge
Apply ground in described mountain, 20% good fortune pair. the granule such as chlopyrifos, in case the subterranean pest-insect such as cutworm, Holotrichia diomphalia Batess, Gryllotalpa, wireworm.
5th, Semen arachidis hypogaeae prosecutor method
This method density is big, liquid manure foot, easily causes Semen arachidis hypogaeae excessive growth, and Semen arachidis hypogaeae must can adjust plant using changing control cultivation
Growth promoter, is conducive to increasing flower guarantor pod, improves yield.Apply rare earth: rare earth is RE microbial fertilizer or nitric acid rare earth, trade name again
Plant element for Chang Leyi, in Semen arachidis hypogaeae seedling stage and early flowering season, respectively sprayed with the earth solution of concentration respectively 0.03%-0.04% and 0.08%
Once, grain protein content can be made to increase by 5.9%, fat content increases by 8.5%, increase production 15%-20%.Apply paclobutrazol paclobutrazol
It is neoprene azoles, code name pp333 again, be a kind of new plant growth regulator；In Semen arachidis hypogaeae branch to initial bloom stage, mu sprays 250ppm
25 kilograms of paclobutrazol solution.Apply sodium sulfite: sodium sulfite is a kind of light respiring inhibitor, Semen arachidis hypogaeae is applied, can
To be effectively reduced the respiratory intensity of plant, reduce dry consumption, averagely increase production 10.5%.Application process: use sulfurous acid for every mu
8 grams of hydrogen sodium, is watered 50 kilograms, respectively sprays once in Semen arachidis hypogaeae initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage.Apply Triiodobenzoic acid: 2,3,5- triiodo-benzene first
Acid is a kind of multi-effect phytohormone, applies on Semen arachidis hypogaeae, can suppress apical dominance, promotes axillary bud development, so that plant is downgraded, point
Branch increases, and stalk is sturdy, is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light and anti-down, rush volume increase.In Semen arachidis hypogaeae initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage, it is respectively with concentration
Once, every mu is sprayed 50 kilograms to each spray of the solution of 100ppm and 200ppm every time, and can make to bloom to count increases 25%-40%, 100-grain weight
Improve 0.5 gram, precocious 5 days -7 days, increase production 5%-23%.Apply production increasing agent: production increasing agent is 4- iodobenzene fluoroacetic acid again, be a plant
Thing growth stimulant；In Semen arachidis hypogaeae full blossom to fruiting period, with 20-30ppm production increasing agent solution every spray in 7 days -10 days once, spray 2 altogether
Secondary, every mu is every time sprayed 50 kilograms -75 kilograms, individual plant can be made to bloom several increases by 20%, increase production 3%-15%.Apply diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate: chemistry
Title: diethylamino ethanol caproate, can mix with herbicide and apply diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 100g/ mu, 30/mu is administered alone
15ppm, in seedling stage, early flowering season, each spray of fruiting period once.Seed soaking 8 hours, improve germination percentage, increase bloom number, result satisfy
Full, dry increases, precocious, volume increase.
6th, reasonable employment herbicide is no-tillage
Reasonable employment herbicide is realized no-tillage, and reasonable employment herbicide is realized no-tillage, flutters second cream from 51% and adds field champion 431,
The northern spring tills land 150-200 gram of every mu of this agent of use plus field 100 grams of 431 regulator of champion；The larger dry land of southern humidity, the northern summer is made
Field and low temperature area of heavy rainfull, dosage is cut down according to the circumstance.By every mu of regulation dosage add water 40-60 kilogram before crop after planting emerges all
Even spray in soil surface, controlling object: barnyard grass, wild oat, Herba Digitariae, Herba Setariae Viridis, Herba Eleusines Indicae, setaria glauca, amur foxtail, wild Herba chenopodii,
Herba Salsolae Collinae, Herba seu Flos Convolvuli arvensves, wolf tail grass, Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae, knotweed, visit sub- grass, pharbitis nilChoisy, Herba Commelinae, Herba Portulacae, Herba Solani Nigri, Herba Moslae, artemisiifolia,
Herba Xanthii, Herba chenopodii, wind flowers and plants, Amaranthus retroflexus, annual grassy weeds and field thistle, Herba Sonchi Arvensis, Artemisia perennial broadleaf weed.
7th, peanut disease preventing and treating.
Amino-oligosaccharide: oligochitosan can change soil microflora, promotes beneficial microorganism growth to suppress
Phytopathogen.Oligochitosan can stimulate plant growing, makes crops and fruit and vegetable increase harvest.Oligochitosan can induce plant
Disease resistance, to multiple funguses, antibacterial and virus produce immunity and killing action, to wheat mosaic, cotton verticillium wilt, water
The diseases such as rice rice blast, tomato blight have good preventive and therapeutic effect.Meanwhile, oligochitosan has one to various plants pathogen
Determine the direct repression of degree.Oligochitosan application on have micro (ppm level), efficient, inexpensive, nuisanceless the features such as,
Significant to China's Agricul tural Sustain able Development.Amino-oligosaccharide (oligochitosan) refer to d- glucosamine with β-
The bonded oligosaccharide of 1.4 glucosides, obtained by chitin degrading degrade again after shitosan prepared, or by fermentable extract low
Poisoning microbial inoculum.Amino-oligosaccharide (agriculture level oligochitosan) can produce inhibitory action to the growth of some pathogenic bacterias, affects fungal spore
Sprout, induction hypha form morphs, biochemistry changes in spore.Gene in plant body can be excited, generation has disease-resistant
The chitinase of effect, glucanase, guarantor's element and pr albumen etc., and there is cell activation effect, contribute to the recovery of aggrieved plant,
Promote root strong sprout, strengthen the resistance of crop, promote growth and development of plants.Amino-oligosaccharide solution, has antivirus, bactericidal, kills
Funguses act on.Not only to funguses, antibacterial, virus, there is extremely strong preventing and treating and eradicant action, but also there is nutrition, regulation, solution
Poison, effect of antibacterial.Can be widely used for preventing and treating the viral, thin of fruit tree, vegetable, underground rhizome, Nicotiana tabacum L., Chinese crude drug and grain and cotton crop
Bacterium, fungus-caused mosaic disease, little leaf, spot disease, anthrax, downy mildew, epidemic disease, blight dis-ease, BYDV, rice blast, green grass or young crops
The diseases such as rot, soft rot.Apply amino-oligosaccharide to the cold resistance of crop, high temperature resistance, fighting drought, salt resistance alkali, anti-fertilizer damage, gas
The aspects such as harmful, anti-nutrient imbalance all have good action.This is because amino-oligosaccharide all produces to crop itself and soil environment
Given birth to many good impacts, such as amino-oligosaccharide induce crop produce multiple resistance material in, some have prevention,
Mitigate or repair the injury effect to plant cell for the adverse circumstance;Another amino-oligosaccharide can promote plant growth healthy and strong, and healthy and strong plant is certainly
So also there is stronger anti-adversity ability.
S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate is a kind of plant bionic pesticide, and the content of general preparation is 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate.System uses Bulbus Allii extract, greatly
The ethyl homologue of allicin, Effictive nuisancelless wide spectrum bionic fungicide, have plant growth regulation concurrently, rudiment can be promoted, carry
Bud rate occurred frequently, increase yield and improving quality, are the preferred raw materials of composite bactericide pesticide.1st, quick-acting, temperature 25 DEG C with
On, 24 hours take effect, and control disease within 72 hours.2nd, activity is high, and consumption is few, after measured in 50--260ppm concentration range, can have
Effect suppression cotton seedling blight, droop, verticillium wilt；Rice blast, bacterial leaf-blight, bakanae disease, seedling rot, banded sclerotial blight；Semen Maydiss
Northern and southern leaf blight, yellow leaf, wheat scab, stripe disease, bunt, the slow rot of Citrullus vulgariss, Citrullus vulgariss sprout term disease, cucumber at seedling stage silk floss epidemic disease
Disease, droop, gray mold, scab, downy mildew, soft rot of cabbage, bacterial wilt of ginger, graw mold of tomato, bacterial wilt, capsicum epidemic disease and
Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, the Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Ginseng, Fructus Musae, Fructus Mali pumilae, Fructus Vitis viniferae, pear tree, Folium Camelliae sinensis, Horse hoof, flowers, Semen arachidis hypogaeae, Semen sojae atricolor is many on the crop such as Semen Sesami
Plant disease, effect is significant.Foliage-spray valid density is 80--260ppm, and pouring root concentration halves.S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate mechanism is unique, with it
Its antibacterial no interactions resistance, compound synergic 40%--70%.
Prochloraz is a kind of wide-spectrum bactericide, and various crop is had significantly by the disease that ascomycetess and Fungi Imperfecti cause
Preventive effect it is also possible to mixed with most of antibacterial, Insecticides (tech) ＆ Herbicides (tech), all has preferable prevention effect.To field crop, water
Multiple diseases on fruit vegetable, turf and ornamental plant have treatment and eradicant action.Non-harmful product, using before should first shake up
Dilute again, that is, join and use, conventional use prevents and treats gourd, fruit and vegetable anthrax, leaf spot.Bakanae disease of rice, rice blast also can be prevented and treated
Deng.Citrus anthracnose, blossom-end rot, penicilliosiss, green mould, banana anthracnose, leaf spot, mango anthracnose, leaf spot of peanut, peppery
The vegetable anthrax such as green pepper, Fructus Solani melongenae, Fructus Melo, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Strawberry anthracnose, sclerotinia rot of colza, leaf spot, mushroom brown spot, Fructus Mali pumilae charcoal
Cellulitis disease, pear scab etc..It is insoluble in water, be soluble in acetone, ethanol, dimethylbenzene equal solvent.Typical formulations have 25% Prochloraz cream
(P applied levels of BASF, make hectogram), 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion), 50% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex can wet-milling (making hundred work(), 63.5% miaow
Fresh amine manganese salt carbendazim can wet-milling (hundred work(), 46% chitin Prochloraz (in reached for the 5th season) green happy cream, 20% silicon azoles Prochloraz is (blue or green
Island vastness high-tech).
Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane is the systemic fungicide of triazole type, has protection and therapeutical effect, and permeability is strong, can prevent and treat ascomycetess,
The disease that basidiomycetes and part Fungi Imperfecti cause.Imported product is 40% cream, trade name lucky star.Can be used for absorbability sterilization.Can
Suppression sterol demethylation.It is primarily useful for preventing and treating Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetess and Fungi Imperfecti funguses are effective, star as black in Fructus Mali pumilae
Bacterium, Powdery Mildew, the wheat and barley nuclear cavity bacteria of Cereal, Septoria bacterium, snag shell bacterium etc., the various cause of diseases on Guignardia and sweet Lay
Bacterium, leaf spot of peanut, efficient to sclerotinia rot of colza.Triazole bactericidal agent, destroys and stops the biosynthesiss of ergosterol, lead to
Cell membrane can not be formed, and makes pathogenic bacteria dead.To disease caused by ascomycetess, basidiomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti effectively, invalid to oomycetes, to pears
Scab has specially good effect, with the 8000-10000 times of liquid spraying of 40% cream, sprays 1 time every 7-10 days, even spray 3 one 4 times.Thiodiazole-copper low toxicity.
To people, animal, fish, bird, Apiss, Rana nigromaculata, have a mind to biological, natural enemy and Crop securify, environmentally safe.
20% imperial gram bacterium (Thiodiazole-copper) sc mainly prevents and treats bacterial diseases of plants, and experiment and demonstration promotes the crop of registration
It is bacillary that disease includes bacterial blight of rice, bacterial stripe, citrus ulcer, citrus scab, soft rot of cabbage, Fructus Cucumidis sativi
Angular leaf spot, watermelon blight, sigatoka, Solanaceae bacterial wilt.The other object of preventing and treating: 1, vegetable: canker of tomato, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Bacterial wilt, Fructus Solani melongenae Phomopisis vexans, eggplant verticillium wilt, Semen vignae sinensiss droop, Herba Alii fistulosi soft rot, Bulbus Allii anaphylactoid purpura, cabbage soft rot, big
Chinese cabbage bacterial angular leaf spot, Chinese cabbage bacterial leaf spot, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae class bacterial black rot.2nd, melon: Fructus Benincasae epidemic disease, Fructus Benincasae are withered
Wither disease, squash marble dust, Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae spot disease, cucumber rhizoctonia rot, Fructus Cucumidis sativi damping off, cucumber downy mildew, Fructus Cucumidis sativi leaf blight, Fructus Cucumidis sativi is black
Star disease, cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot, Fructus Cucumidis sativi Bacterial Leaf Blight, Fructus Melo scab, Fructus Melo leaf blight, bitter gourd wilt, Citrullus vulgariss
Bacterial angular leaf spot, watermelon blight, watermelon grafting.3rd, Oryza sativa L.: bacterial Footrot etc..4th, fruit tree: Fructus Mali pumilae speckle fallen leaves
Disease, peach gummosis etc..
Semen arachidis hypogaeae Major Diseases, mycosises: have spot blight, graywall and rust of the dark leaf portion that causes harm etc., wherein leaf spot time
And various places；Cause harm root, stem have phytophthora rot, root rot and anthrax.Phytophthora rot is with breeding for disease resistance；Other roller practice preventing and treatings.
Do harm to seed has anaphylactoid purpura and diplostomiasis, and dressing seed is prevented and treated.Bacterial diseases: spottiness disease and macule disease, have available disease-resistant educates
Plant preventing and treating.Virosiss: species is many, Yangtze River in China basin and the Plain of Huanghua Area are with the popular wide, weight of causing harm of mosaic viruss.Using virus-free
Seed, elimination insect vector and breeding for disease resistance preventing and treating.Semen arachidis hypogaeae cyst nematode disease, root knot nematode disease: using efficent rotation and disease-resistant
Breeding prevents and treats.Semen Cuscutae is caused harm very strong, using cleaning seed, Biological control and Control By Crop Rotation in the Plain of Huanghua Area.
The disease having been found that has more than 30 kinds, wherein fungal disease at most, and virus type is mainly groundnut mosaic poison, nematicide
Disease is mainly cyst roundworm and root-knot nematode.Peanut Rust, anthrax, bacterial speck etc., occur heavier in south.The north
Early soybean area root rot, graywall, bacterial speck, cyst nematode disease occur universal.Peanut Virus Disease is in each peanut cultivation
Qu Douyou occurs
(1), root rot: premorbid adds amino-oligosaccharide with 1500 times of liquid of 95% hymexazol and sprays preventing and treating；After morbidity with 35% first
Frost spirit plus 1500 times of liquid of 95% hymexazol add 1500～2250 grams of amino-oligosaccharide per hectare consumption, and the 50 liters of dilutions that add water spray anti-
Control, every spray in 7 days once, Alternative Dressing Change, in case developed immunity to drugs using same medicament funguses.
(2), virosiss: available antiviral 1 plus S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate or 2% Junkeduke add 300 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate.
(3), Peanut Rust, anthrax: 80% 800 times+25% of amino-oligosaccharide Prochloraz cream spraying preventing and treating.
8th, pest control
Amino-oligosaccharide improves insecticidal activity and repellent activity conventional use of insecticide dosage form and application method is difficult to make pesticide
It is adequately exposed to target insect, is more to remain in the environment, cause to waste, and pollute environment, cause to endanger to human health
Evil.So the sustained release performance how improving insecticide just becomes the problem of urgent need to resolve.
Semen arachidis hypogaeae Major Pests have the black latent fly of mythimna separata, loxostege sticticalis, Semen arachidis hypogaeae snout moth's larva, Semen arachidis hypogaeae fly, Semen arachidis hypogaeae stalk, red spider, aphid and ground
Lower insect.Main prevention and controls:
(1), aphid: preventing and treating narrowed with 40% buttocks worm plus 2000 times of liquid of amino-oligosaccharide or 10% imidacloprid add amino-oligosaccharide can
1000 times of liquid of WP are prevented and treated.
(2), red spider: 1. cultural control: use sufficient base fertilizer, increase phosphorus potash fertilizer, the later stage does not take off fertilizer, cleared weeds in time, does
Drought is poured water in time, conditional carry out rice field-upland field rotation, morbidity can be mitigated.2. chemical prevention: spot film occurs, Semen arachidis hypogaeae leaf roll strain rate
When 10% should the preventing and treating of medication immediately, can combine prevents eliminating aphis goes out the net 3000 times of liquid of demodicid mite or 1000 times of 40% dichloro Qikron from 73%
Liquid or 3000 times of liquid of 25% propargite cream or 20% sweep the sprayings such as net, the 2000 times of liquid of demodicid mite gram cream of demodicid mite, even spray 2-3 time.Arid bar
Add spouting liquid 1% plant type spray adjuvantses medicine under part laugh at treasured, believe precious etc..3. bio-chemical control: organic peanut can be selected for
1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1500-2000 times of liquid of 0.3% nimbin emulsion, or 10% 1000-1500 times of liquid of macro tetrolide cream,
2.5% 400-600 times of nikkomycin liquid, the 2000 times of liquid sprayings of bionic pesticide 1.8% agriculture gram demodicid mite cream, add spouting liquid under drought condition
1% plant type spray adjuvantses medicine is laughed at treasured, believes precious etc..
(3) Semen arachidis hypogaeae heart-eating worm: cultural control: seed selection pest-resistant cultivar.Kind and Semen arachidis hypogaeae heart-eating worm are caused harm in close relations, select
Plant high kind of degree of lignification etc..Efficent rotation, avoids continuous cropping as far as possible.Peanut Fields are turned over, and especially autumn turns over, and increase is got over
Winter mortality rate, reduces worm sources radix of surviving the winter.Biological control: trichogramma is higher to the parasitic rate of Semen arachidis hypogaeae heart-eating worm.Can be high in ovum
Peak phase trichogramma releases, (15 mu) of per hectare discharges 30 ~ 450,000, it is possible to decrease worm food rate 43% about.Spread fertilizer over the fields bacteria preparation.Will be white
Stiff bacterium is spilled on field or ridge platform, increases the parasitic rate to larva, reduces larvae pupation rate.Chemical control: to be suspended with more than 10%
Agent, mu is with 65 ~ 130 milliliters, or 10% permethrin milk oil, mu with 35 ~ 45 milliliters, or 5.7% hundred tree cream, mu is with 26 ~ 44
Milliliter, or cream of decamethrin, 0.5 ~ 1 gram of active ingredient, above-mentioned medicament is both needed to be watered spraying.Chemical control: Adult worms producting eggs contain the phase,
Spray 2% avilamycin, 3000 times of liquid, 1500 times of liquid of+25% d ichlorbenzuron, adult can not only be killed and a part of ovum contract can be killed
Newly hatched larvae;Before larva enters the phase in pod flourishing age, then spray once moreover it is possible to kill the larva that major part enters pod.
(4), Semen arachidis hypogaeae pod snout moth's larva, Semen arachidis hypogaeae stem maggot, the black latent fly of Semen arachidis hypogaeae stalk: (1) cultural control: process before winter generation adult is sprouted wings
Overwintering host, host's straw mudding such as Semen arachidis hypogaeae is closed or as feedstuff with hand hay cutter with.And can plough deeply, enrich base using bean field
The fertile, measure such as sowing, in good time thinning, crop rotation ahead of time makes worm death of surviving the winter, or waters in the Semen arachidis hypogaeae phase of yielding positive results, can not only
Elimination is buried larva, also helps peanut yield increasing.(2) chemical control: 1000 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be adopted, or 2.5%
Protect to obtain 3000 times of liquid of cream+10 milliliters of every mu of use of amine amino-oligosaccharide spraying, or 3000 times of liquid of 20% chrysanthemum horse soluble oil+plus amine amino
The spraying of 10 milliliters of every mu of use of oligosaccharide, or 21% 3000 times of liquid of mite-killing pesticide cream etc. are sprayed, using the Semen arachidis hypogaeae young plant phase as preventing and treating
Emphasis.In Semen arachidis hypogaeae full-bloom stage, available following agents: 90% 4000 times of Methomyl wettable powder liquid；20% fenvalerate missible oil
1000 to 2000 times of liquid；2.5% deltamethrin milk oil+10 milliliters of every mu of use of amine amino-oligosaccharide spraying, 30ml/ mu；20% chrysanthemum horse
Cream, 30ml/ mu；18% 200 times of dimehypo water solution liquid；50% 1000 times of Malathion cream liquid even spraying, is spaced 7 to 10 days
Prevent and treat again 1 time, even spray 2 times.10 milliliters of every mu of 30+amine amino-oligosaccharides that add water of every mu of use 20% Rynaxypyr suspending agent
Sprayed with 10 milliliters.
(5), subterranean pest-insect is mainly Gryllotalpa, Holotrichia diomphalia Batess and cutworm, can apply 5% phoxim granule at seeding time
2000g/ mu mixes fertile preventing and treating, or field champion granule 900g～1500g/ mu mixes fertilizer.
9th, harvest
Want timely threshing after harvesting, reduce Semen arachidis hypogaeae heart-eating worm and continue harm.Mechanical harvest, return bowlder to carry out in seed.A,
Good harvest time is early 9 points to afternoon 5 points.Excessively hot 12 points of weather does not harvest to afternoon 1 point.B, rain when do not harvest.
Avoid when rainy harvesting, in order to avoid causing mud paint face as far as possible.Particularly plantation granule Semen arachidis hypogaeae and spy's Semen arachidis hypogaeae.C, band dew are not received
Cut.Band dew harvests, and sometimes because straw is moist, field loss rate improves, and affects yield.D, field many viridescents weeds are not received
Cut.Peanut growth later stage high temperataure phenomena occurs, so that part weeds in field is grown vigorous, some are not yet withered up to Semen arachidis hypogaeae maturation,
Appearance can become Ecological Property of Peanut Seeds showy flowers of herbaceous plants face, affect exterior quality.E, mechanical tape jam do not harvest.Mechanical tape jam harvests, and can improve
Field loss rate, affects yield.F, night do not gather in.Night gathers in, and field loss rate improves, and is also easy to produce field and mixes, seed
Field should avoid night to gather in.
Claims (1)
1. one cultivate peanut high ridge dense planting drip irrigation non-ploughing growing method for white,
Concretely comprise the following steps:
First, selection of land and site preparation
Select that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, and irrigation and drainage are good, the neutral level land of soil chiltern and gentle slope plot, with grass family
Crop carries out crop rotation in more than 3 years；Beans stubble and sunflower stubble should not be selected, lean soil also should not be cultivated peanut；Subsoiling ridging, is receiving
After cutting, carry out stubble-cleaning, site preparation, subsoiling, ridging；Subsoiling 20-30 centimetre, to break plough low layer as standard；Close 1-2 to be suppressed behind ridge
Secondary, reach the purpose of hack soil moisture conservation；The high 35cm in ridging ridge, row spacing 66cm, the high 35cm in the embanked field ridge, embanked field ridge width 70cm, there is drought resisting
Pour water condition it is also possible to spring ridging；It is not the plot in 4 meters of embanked fields, with regard to direct ridging, the high 35cm in ridge, row spacing 66cm, realize the autumn
Rain, winter snows spring are used, and the spring drought autumn prevents it is ensured that once Seedling is saved in sowing from damage；Reach topsoil soils flat, loose, broken, real；With seven turnplow ridgings,
To strengthen drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant ability；
2nd, Fruit variety
Select less than local more than 10 days frost-free period, less than more than 200 DEG C of kind of local effective accumulated temperature；The peanut varieties selecting
Have the Weihe River spend No. 16, the Weihe River spend No. 16, person of outstanding talent reach 66, open agriculture 71, business spend 511, business spend 511, Zheng Nong spend No. 13, Zheng spend No. 6, Luo spend No. 9,
Henan spends No. 33, Henan spends No. 34, Luo spends No. 8, Henan spends No. 37, Henan spends No. 40, flower educates 9610, flower is educated 9617, flower and educated 9612, flower and educates 31
Number, flower educate 9611, flower educate 57, flower educate No. 40, flower educate 9614, flower educate 9613, flower educate 918, stm-2, far miscellaneous 9102；
3rd, sow
Date of seeding: when 10 centimetres of depth surface soil layer temperature stably pass through 10 DEG C～12 DEG C in continuous three days, you can sowing；Plant attached bag
Clothing: root-miner, root rot, subterranean pest-insect can be prevented and treated, and trace element supplement fertilizer；Sowing: with Xue Tishihuo garden disc type one ridge
Five elements' precision planter is sowed；In the high 35cm high ridge in 4 meters of embanked fields Nei Zuo ridge 5, the embanked field both sides furrow ridge is planted 5 row Seedling bands,
5 row Seedling bands are planted on the high ridge of embanked field, a cave plants one plant, high distance between the ridges 66cm, both sides high ridge and furrow ridge spacing 35cm, each high ridge
Belt distance 16cm, Seedling bandwidth 40cm on high ridge, in ridge, Seedling belt distance is the double strain of 13cm, spacing in the rows 13 cm, one cave plantation, standard 4
30 row Seedling bands are planted in rice embanked field, and mu sows 7.697 ten thousand plants, and mu keeps a full stand of seedings 6.5 ten thousand plants；The high 35cm in ridge, the high 35cm in the embanked field ridge, between high ridge
Paving drip irrigation zone 6, herbicide closing no-tillage, be not embanked field do ridge high 35cm high ridge, high ridge is planted 5 row Seedling bands, between high ridge
Away from 66cm, high ridge belt distance 14cm, Seedling bandwidth 52cm on high ridge, in ridge, Seedling belt distance is that 13cm, spacing in the rows 13 cm, one cave is planted
Double strains, high ridge interband spreads drip irrigation zone, and this cultural method is referred to as 456 high ridge dense planting drip irrigation no-tillage cultivation methods, i.e. 4 meters of furrow
Field, a ridge 5 row Seedling band, mu keeps a full stand of seedings more than 6.5 ten thousand plants；Abbreviation Semen arachidis hypogaeae 456 planting method；
4th, apply fertilizer
Application of organic fertilizers, improving soil fertility, with support combine, improve Soil structure, make arable land continuous utilization；3 tons of organic fertilizer of mu, knot
Conjunction site preparation once applies makees base fertilizer；Seed manure must be accomplished kind lower deep placement or plant side fertilising, deep application of fertilizer in planting at lower 8～10cm,
Never kind, fertile same position, with unburned kind；Potassium sulfate type six element compound fertilizer contains n-15, p-30, k-15, zn-0.5, b-0.5, mo-
0.5；Mu amount of application 30kg～60kg adds Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg～20kg, and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) contains n-18, p-46, k-0；Semen arachidis hypogaeae 2～3
The compound leaf phase, Seedling Stage, mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g+100g diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is watered 30kg；5～6 compound leaf phases of Semen arachidis hypogaeae, florescence,
Mu humic acid 30g+100g diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate+100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate is watered 30kg；Fruiting period, mu aminoacid 30g+100g
Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate+100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate is watered 30kg；In drip irrigation, add drip irrigation zone to apply field together in fertilizer, realize liquid manure
Integration；
5th, Semen arachidis hypogaeae prosecutor method
Apply rare earth: Semen arachidis hypogaeae seedling stage and early flowering season, with each spray of the earth solution of concentration difference 0.03%-0.04% and 0.08% once；
Semen arachidis hypogaeae branch is to initial bloom stage, mu 25 kilograms of 250ppm paclobutrazol solution of spray；Every mu, with 8 grams of sodium sulfite, is watered 50 kilograms,
Semen arachidis hypogaeae initial bloom stage and each spray of full-bloom stage are once；Semen arachidis hypogaeae full blossom to fruiting period, with 20-30ppm production increasing agent solution every 7 days -10 days
Spray once, is sprayed 2 times, every mu is sprayed 50 kilograms -75 kilograms every time altogether；Mix with herbicide and apply diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 100g/ mu, in Seedling
Phase, early flowering season, fruiting period respectively spray once, 8 hours of soaking seed, and improve germination percentage；
6th, reasonable employment herbicide is no-tillage
Reasonable employment herbicide is realized no-tillage, flutters second cream from 51% and adds field champion 431, the northern spring tills land every mu and uses this agent
150-200 gram plus field 100 grams of 431 regulator of champion；The larger dry land of southern humidity, the northern summer tills land and low temperature area of heavy rainfull, uses
Dose cuts down according to the circumstance；Add water 40-60 kilogram by every mu of regulation dosage and uniformly spray in soil surface before crop after planting emerges；
7th, peanut disease preventing and treating
(1), root rot: premorbid adds amino-oligosaccharide with 1500 times of liquid of 95% hymexazol and sprays preventing and treating；After morbidity with 35% first
Frost spirit plus 1500 times of liquid of 95% hymexazol add 1500～2250 grams of amino-oligosaccharide per hectare consumption, and the 50 liters of dilutions that add water spray anti-
Control, every spray in 7 days once, Alternative Dressing Change, in case developed immunity to drugs using same medicament funguses；
(2), virosiss: available antiviral 1 plus S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate or 2% Junkeduke add 300 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate；
(3), Peanut Rust, anthrax: 80% 800 times+25% of amino-oligosaccharide Prochloraz cream spraying preventing and treating；
8th, pest control
(1), aphid: preventing and treating narrowed with 40% buttocks worm plus 2000 times of liquid of amino-oligosaccharide or 10% imidacloprid add amino-oligosaccharide can
1000 times of liquid of WP are prevented and treated；
(2), red spider: combine anti-eliminating aphis and go out the net 3000 times of liquid of demodicid mite or 1000 times of liquid of 40% dichloro Qikron or 25% from 73%
3000 times of liquid of propargite cream or 20% sweep the sprayings such as net, the 2000 times of liquid of demodicid mite gram cream of demodicid mite, even spray 2-3 time;Spray is added under drought condition
Liquid measure 1% plant type spray adjuvantses medicine is laughed at treasured, is believed precious；Bio-chemical control: organic peanut can be selected for 1.8% avilamycin breast
Oil, 1500-2000 times of liquid of 0.3% nimbin emulsion, or 10% 1000-1500 times of liquid of macro tetrolide cream, 2.5% nikkomycin
400-600 times of liquid, the 2000 times of liquid sprayings of bionic pesticide 1.8% agriculture gram demodicid mite cream, add the spraying of spouting liquid 1% plant type under drought condition
Auxiliary agent medicine is laughed at treasured, is believed precious；
(3), Semen arachidis hypogaeae heart-eating worm: carry out suspending agent with more than 10%, mu is with 65 ~ 130 milliliters, or 10% permethrin milk oil, mu is with 35 ~ 45
Milliliter, or 5.7% hundred tree cream, mu is with 26 ~ 44 milliliters, or cream of decamethrin, 0.5 ~ 1 gram of active ingredient, and above-mentioned medicament is both needed to
It is watered spraying；Chemical control: Adult worms producting eggs contain the phase, spray 2% avilamycin, 3000 times of liquid, 1500 times of liquid of+25% d ichlorbenzuron, not only
Adult can be killed and a part of ovum contract newly hatched larvae can be killed;Before larva enters the phase in pod flourishing age, then spray once moreover it is possible to kill
Major part enters the larva of pod；
(4), Semen arachidis hypogaeae Liriomyza: 10 milliliters of every mu of 30+amine amino-oligosaccharides that add water of every mu of use 20% Rynaxypyr suspending agent
Sprayed with 10 milliliters；
(5), subterranean pest-insect: 5% phoxim granule 2000g/ mu can be applied during sowing and mix fertile preventing and treating, or field champion granule
900g～1500g/ mu mixes fertilizer；
9th, harvest
After Semen arachidis hypogaeae maturation, mechanical harvest.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109287642A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | One cultivates peanut antibacterial insect prevention seed coat agent |
| CN110692475A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-01-17 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting early flowering and early maturing of peanuts |
| CN113597986A (en) * | 2021-08-14 | 2021-11-05 | 寿光新一代无土栽培和土壤种植技术研究所 | Water-saving fertilizer-saving no-tillage high-yield high-quality high-ridge close-planting root-collecting planting method |
| CN114375788A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Southern peanut high-yield cultivation method capable of effectively preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests |
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2016
- 2016-10-25 CN CN201610937218.9A patent/CN106358747A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109287642A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | One cultivates peanut antibacterial insect prevention seed coat agent |
| CN110692475A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-01-17 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting early flowering and early maturing of peanuts |
| CN110692475B (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2021-07-27 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting early flowering and early maturing of peanuts |
| CN113597986A (en) * | 2021-08-14 | 2021-11-05 | 寿光新一代无土栽培和土壤种植技术研究所 | Water-saving fertilizer-saving no-tillage high-yield high-quality high-ridge close-planting root-collecting planting method |
| CN113597986B (en) * | 2021-08-14 | 2022-07-01 | 寿光新一代无土栽培和土壤种植技术研究所 | Water-saving fertilizer-saving no-tillage high-yield high-quality high-ridge close-planting root-collecting planting method |
| CN114375788A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Southern peanut high-yield cultivation method capable of effectively preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests |
| CN114375788B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-09-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for southern peanuts with effective pest control |
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