CN114375788B - High-yield cultivation method for southern peanuts with effective pest control - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for southern peanuts with effective pest control Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for south peanuts, which effectively prevents and treats diseases and insect pests, and comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection; (2) optionally; (3) seed dressing; (4) planting specifications; (5) 3-5 leaf stage chemical control management; (6) initiating flowering period chemical control management; (7) needle-down period chemical control management; (8) topdressing; and (9) post-pod formation chemical control management. According to the method, through the high-yield cultivation of the peanuts and the application of the comprehensive control technology, the overgrowth and overgrowth of the peanuts can be effectively controlled under the condition of good fertilizer and water conditions, the growth of the peanuts can be promoted under the adverse conditions of drought, low temperature and the like, and the diseases such as bacterial wilt, root rot, southern blight, leaf spot and the like on the peanuts can be effectively controlled; the defects of supplying calcium fertilizer by sand loam and sand soil are overcome, the multi-needle feeding, full drum filling and the like of the peanuts are promoted, the influence of connection of a main peanut producing area on the peanuts is effectively reduced, and the yield of the peanuts is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peanut planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield cultivation method for south peanuts, which can effectively prevent and treat diseases and insect pests.
Background
Some peanut main-producing areas are serious in continuous cropping caused by continuous cropping of peanuts throughout the year, and researches show that the continuous cropping can cause accumulation of toxic substances secreted by soil accumulation peanut root systems, and the growth of the peanuts is affected. In addition, the quantity of fungi in soil is increased during continuous cropping all the year round, the quantity of actinomycetes and bacteria is reduced, especially in southern areas such as Guangxi and Guangdong, the temperature is higher all the year round, diseases are active, soil-borne diseases are serious, so that the peanut plants are poor in lean disease resistance and poor in flower and fruit quality, the yield is low and quality is poor, and even diseases such as bacterial wilt in some areas are high in occurrence, so that dead seedlings of peanuts are serious, and the production of peanuts in main peanut producing areas is seriously influenced. The annual average planting area of Guangxi peanuts is about 20.0 ten thousand hectares, the total yield is about 60.0 ten thousand tons, and the Guangxi peanut is the most important oil crop. Mainly distributed in 5 areas such as Guinan, guizhong, guibei, guidong and south coast, wherein the planting area of the Nanning and Guigang is the largest, which accounts for 36.82% of the planting area of the Guangxi whole area. The main production area of Guangxi peanuts mainly takes spring peanuts as main materials, and continuous cropping of peanuts throughout the year causes serious bacterial wilt, root rot and southern blight, which severely restricts the development of the Guangxi peanut industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield cultivation method for south peanuts, which can effectively prevent and treat diseases and insect pests, so that the defects of easiness in continuous cropping obstacle and more diseases and insect pests in the existing main peanut producing area are overcome, the yield and quality of the peanuts are further improved, and technical support is provided for the development of the south peanut planting industry.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for south peanuts, which effectively prevents and treats diseases and insect pests, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting peanut varieties with good high yield and strong disease resistance, which are suitable for planting in southern areas of China;
(2) Optionally: selecting sandy soil or sandy loam with medium fertility;
(3) Seed dressing: seed dressing is carried out by using low-toxicity disease-preventing insect-preventing medicines before sowing;
(4) Planting specifications: ridging planting is carried out by adopting a wide-narrow row hill-drop planting mode, wherein the wide row is 50-60cm, the narrow row is 30cm, the hole distance is 8-12cm, and each hole is 1 plant;
(5) 3-5 leaf stage chemical control management: spraying leaf-stage chemical control mixed liquor on leaf surfaces, wherein the leaf-stage chemical control mixed liquor comprises the following components: 20-40mL of plant growth inhibitor, 40-60g of 60% pyraclostrobin, 30-60g of 20% zinc magnesium and other trace elements, 25-40mL of 0.5% matrine and 15-30mL of 57% propargite, and 60-80 jin of water is added into each mu of the plant growth inhibitor according to the amount to be sprayed on leaf surfaces;
(6) And (3) flowering-period chemical control management: the foliar spraying of the flowering phase initiation chemical control mixed solution comprises the following steps: 40-60g of 60% pyraclostrobin, 30-50g of 15% boron element, 2-3g of 0.135% gibberellin indole regulator, 20-30g of 70% hymexazol, 30-50ml of 0.5% matrine, 20-30ml of 24% seflufenamide and 8-10g of 70% imidacloprid, and 80-100 jin of water is added per mu of foliage to be sprayed according to the above amount;
(7) And (3) managing the needle setting period in a chemical control manner: the method comprises the following steps of spraying a needle-down period chemical control mixed solution on a leaf surface, wherein the needle-down period chemical control mixed solution comprises the following components: the 17% mepiquat chloride is 40-60ml and the cytokinin is 60-80g, and the water is added into each mu of leaves according to the amount to be sprayed, or the 10% prohexadione calcium is 20-30ml and the cytokinin is added into each mu of leaves to be sprayed with the water which is added into 60-80 g;
(8) Topdressing: applying 15-30 jin/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50-100 jin/mu of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the early stage of pod bearing;
(9) And (3) post-pod formation chemical control management: spraying for 2-3 times in combination with insect prevention, wherein each mu of the pesticide is used: 30-40ml of 60% choline chloride, 30-40ml of 24g of sevoflurane amide, 200-300g of 50% sodium diuron and 80-100g of 99% potassium bisulfate.
The agricultural technology popularization personnel of the Guangxi Guihong city Gui Ping urban and Shizuen agricultural rural centers are combined with scientific research personnel of the Guangxi agricultural sciences through long-term production practice, a set of high-yield cultivation technology suitable for cultivation in the southern peanut continuous cropping area is explored from the aspects of cultivation, pest control and the like, and technical support is provided for the development of the southern peanut planting industry.
Preferably, in the step (1), the peanut variety is karaya oil No. 5.
Preferably, in the step (3), the low-toxicity disease and insect prevention drug is 25% michizome, and seeds are dressed according to 20 ml/mu.
Preferably, in the step (4), the sowing and the soil covering are finished, and the pre-emergence sealing is carried out by 960g/L of the golden urban herbicide.
Preferably, in step (5), under normal climatic conditions, i.e. the daily average air temperature is stabilized above 15 ℃, the plant growth inhibitor is 17% mepiquat chloride or 10% calcium prohexadione.
Preferably, in the step (5), the plant growth inhibitor is an gibberellic indole regulator under the condition of low-temperature weather, namely that the average air temperature is 15 ℃ in continuous days.
Preferably, in the step (6), a emamectin benzoate insecticide is further added into the flowering phase chemical control mixed solution. The emamectin benzoate pesticide is added to kill insects according to the condition of peanut maggots and occurrence.
Preferably, in the step (7), if the rainfall is excessive and the peanut grows excessively after the foliar spray needle-down stage chemical control mixed solution, the foliar spray is carried out by adding 80-90ml of 17% mepiquat chloride into 60-80 jin of water according to the growth vigor of the peanut 15-25 days after chemical control.
Preferably, in the step (9), 20-30ml of the calcium-supplementing liquid calcium fertilizer is added per mu. The calcium fertilizer can promote the peanut to be more needle-punched and make the peanut plump.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, a peanut high-yield cultivation technology is combined with an integrated control technology, a low-toxicity insect-proof agent is used for seed dressing before sowing, a planting mode is adjusted, and self-prepared chemical control mixed liquid is respectively adopted for leaf surface spraying in a 3-5 leaf period, a flowering period, a needle-setting period and a pod bearing period, so that the growth of the peanuts can be effectively controlled under the condition of good fertilizer and water conditions, the growth of the peanuts can be promoted under the adverse conditions of drought, low temperature and the like, and the diseases such as bacterial wilt, root rot, southern blight, leaf spot and the like on the peanuts and the insect pests such as mites and prodenia litura can be effectively controlled; the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and the calcium magnesium phosphorus are applied in the early stage of pod bearing, so that the defects of supplying the calcium fertilizer by sandy loam and sandy soil can be overcome, the multi-needle feeding, full blowing and the like of the peanuts are promoted, the influence of the connection of the main peanut producing area on the peanuts is effectively reduced, and the yield of the peanuts is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of peanuts of example 1, wherein the left side is control group peanuts and the right side is treatment group peanuts.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of peanuts from example 2, wherein the left side is control group peanuts and the right side is treatment group peanuts.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is, therefore, to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
The test was carried out at 3 months to 7 months in 2021 in Guiping urban stone mouth town security village in Guangxi Gui harbor city. The soil quality of the test soil is sandy soil, the contents of quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium of the soil are 46 mg/kg, 38 mg/kg and 25mg/kg respectively, the organic matter content is 19.5mg/kg, and the soil is p H6.13.13. The peanut varieties are as follows: no. 5 phoenix oil, seeds with full seeds and complete and intact seeds are selected and mixed according to 20 ml/mu, and the seed mixture is a 25% Meishuiping insect-proof agent. The sowing date is 3 months and 17 days, a wide-narrow row planting mode is adopted, the width of the row is 50cm, the width of the row is 30cm, and the hole spacing is 10cm. The length of the cell is 5m, the width is 4m, 1 grain is sown in each hole when sowing, 960g/L of the golden urban herbicide is used for pre-emergence sealing after sowing and soil covering are finished. The treatment group and the control group are respectively managed, each group is provided with 3 repetitions, the statistics of the number of single plant pods, the dry pod yield, the kernel weight, the peanut crude protein and the peanut crude fat are respectively carried out, and then the average yield of each group is calculated.
The treatment groups were managed as follows: stage 4: the chemical control mixture is prepared according to the following proportion: 17% of mepiquat chloride 40ml, 60% of pyraclostrobin 40g, 20% of microelements such as zinc and magnesium 40g, 0.5% of matrine 30ml and 57% of propargite 20ml, and 60 jin of water is added into each mu of the above-mentioned materials according to the above-mentioned quantity, and the above-mentioned materials are sprayed on leaf surfaces. Beginning flowering period: preparing chemical control mixed solution: 60g of 60% pyraclostrobin, 45g of 15% boron element, 2g of 0.135% gibberellin indole regulator, 20g of 70% hymexazol, 45ml of 0.5% matrine, 20ml of 24% seflufenamide, 9g of 70% imidacloprid and 20ml of 5% emamectin benzoate, and 90 jin of water is added for each mu according to the amount to be sprayed on leaves. Needle setting period: 60ml of 17% mepiquat chloride, 60g of 0.0001% cytokinin and 60 jin of water are added into each mu of the plant leaf to be sprayed. And at the same time, topdressing is carried out according to 20 jin/mu of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 70 jin/mu of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Pod stage: the foliar spray is carried out by adding water 100 jin per mu with the amount of 30ml of 60% choline chloride, 40ml of 24g of cefuroxime axetil, 200g of 50% sodium disul-fonate, 100g of 99% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 20ml of calomel. The remaining unrecited portions are managed in a conventional manner.
Control group management: stage 4: the foliage fertilizer is sprayed with 70% of thiophanate 70g and 4.5% of beta-cypermethrin 80ml mixed with water 60 jin. Beginning flowering period: each mu of the plant is sprayed with 250g of 50% carbendazim, 9g of 70% imidacloprid, 150g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 20ml of 5% emamectin benzoate, and 90 jin of water is added to the plant leaves. Needle setting period: the fertilizer is sprayed by adding 250g of 50% carbendazim into 90 jin of water and simultaneously applying calcium, magnesium and phosphorus according to 50 jin/mu. Pod stage: each mu of the plant is sprayed by adding 100g of 99% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 90 jin of water.
As shown in the results of FIG. 1 and Table 1, the number of single pods, the dry pod yield, the kernel yield, the weight of kernel, the crude peanut protein and the like are all improved in the treatment and control technology compared with the control group, and the yield is increased by 93.61kg and 35.77% per mu.
Table 1 Table 2021 comparison of peanut yield and quality for the treatment combination control group
Example 2
The test was carried out in Guangxi Gui-Kong City Gui-Ping Shizuan Ping Zhennan safety village 3-7 months in 2020. The soil quality of the test soil is sandy soil, the contents of quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium of the soil are 47 mg/kg, 39 mg/kg and 26mg/kg respectively, and the organic matter content is 21mg/kg, and the soil is p H6.5.5. The peanut varieties are as follows: no. 5 phoenix oil, seeds with full seeds and complete and intact seeds are selected and mixed according to 20 ml/mu, and the seed mixture is a 25% Meishuiping insect-proof agent. The sowing date is 3 months and 16 days, a wide-narrow row planting mode is adopted, the width of the row is 50cm, the width of the row is 30cm, and the hole spacing is 10cm. The length of the cell is 5m, the width is 4m, 1 grain is sown in each hole when sowing, 960g/L of the golden urban herbicide is used for pre-emergence sealing after sowing and soil covering are finished. The treatment group and the control group are respectively managed, each group is provided with 3 repetitions, the statistics of the number of single plant pods, the dry pod yield, the kernel weight, the peanut crude protein and the peanut crude fat are respectively carried out, and then the average yield of each group is calculated.
The treatment groups were managed as follows: stage 4: the chemical control mixture is prepared according to the following proportion: each mu of the foliar spray is prepared by adding 20ml of 10% prohexadione calcium, 60% of pyraclostrobin, 60g of 20% of zinc and magnesium and other trace elements, 40ml of 0.5% of matrine and 30ml of 57% propargite into 80 jin of water. Beginning flowering period: preparing chemical control mixed solution: 40g of 60% pyraclostrobin, 30g of 15% boron element, 3g of 0.135% gibberellin indole regulator, 30g of 70% hymexazol, 40ml of 0.5% matrine, 30ml of 24% seflufenamide, 10g of 70% imidacloprid and 25ml of 5% emamectin benzoate, and 100 jin of water is added for each mu according to the amount to be sprayed on leaves. Needle setting period: the plant leaf surface is sprayed with 17% mepiquat chloride 50ml, 0.0001% cytokinin 80g and water 80 jin per mu. And topdressing is carried out according to 15 jin/mu of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 100 jin/mu of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Pod stage: 40ml of 60% choline chloride, 30ml of 24g of cefuroxime axetil, 300g of 50% sodium diuron, 90g of 99% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 25ml of calomel are mixed with 100 jin of water for each mu of land according to the above amount to carry out foliar spray. The remaining unrecited portions are managed in a conventional manner.
Control group management: stage 4: each mu of the foliar fertilizer is sprayed by adding 60 jin of water into 100g of 70% thiophanate per mu. Beginning flowering period: each mu of the foliar fertilizer is sprayed with 250g of 50% carbendazim and 200g of monopotassium phosphate, and 100 jin of water. Needle setting period: the fertilizer is sprayed by adding 250g of 50% carbendazim into 90 jin of water and simultaneously applying calcium, magnesium and phosphorus according to 50 jin/mu. Pod stage: the powder is sprayed by adding water with the concentration of 0.5 percent matrine 30m and 99 percent potassium hydrogen phosphate of 100g per mu and 90 jin of leaves.
As shown in the results of FIG. 2 and Table 2, the control group, the peanut in early and middle growth stage, the seedling dying of root rot and bacterial wilt, has average density reduced by 1555.5 plants/mu, and the pod number, pod dry yield, kernel yield, hundred kernel weight and the like of the individual plants are all improved compared with the control group under the treatment and chemical control technology, and the yield is increased by 74.3kg and 28.39% per mu.
Table 2 Table 2021 comparison of peanut yield and quality for the treatment combination control group
In conclusion, the method can effectively control the growth of the peanuts under the condition of good fertilizer and water conditions and promote the growth of the peanuts under the adverse conditions of drought, low temperature and the like by applying the high-yield cultivation and comprehensive control technology of the peanuts, and effectively control diseases such as bacterial wilt, root rot, southern blight, leaf spot and the like on the peanuts, mites, prodenia litura and other insect pests, and protect and strengthen the seedlings; the defects of supplying calcium fertilizer by sand loam and sand soil are overcome, the multi-needle feeding, full drum filling and the like of the peanuts are promoted, the influence of connection of a main peanut producing area on the peanuts is effectively reduced, and the yield of the peanuts is greatly improved.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The high-yield cultivation method for the south peanuts for effectively preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Seed selection: selecting peanut varieties with good high yield and strong disease resistance, which are suitable for planting in southern areas of China;
(2) Optionally: selecting sandy soil or sandy loam with medium fertility;
(3) Seed dressing: seed dressing is carried out by using low-toxicity disease-preventing insect-preventing medicines before sowing;
(4) Planting specifications: ridging planting is carried out by adopting a wide-narrow row hill-drop planting mode, wherein the wide row is 50-60cm, the narrow row is 30cm, the hole distance is 8-12cm, and each hole is 1 plant;
(5) 3-4 leaf stage chemical control management: spraying leaf-stage chemical control mixed liquor on leaf surfaces, wherein the leaf-stage chemical control mixed liquor comprises the following components: 20-40mL of plant growth inhibitor, 40-60g of 60% pyraclostrobin, 30-60g of 20% zinc magnesium and other trace elements, 25-40mL of 0.5% matrine and 15-30mL of 57% propargite, and 60-80 jin of water is added into each mu of the plant growth inhibitor according to the amount to be sprayed on leaf surfaces;
under normal climatic conditions, i.e. the daily average air temperature is stabilized above 15 ℃, the plant growth inhibitor is 17% mepiquat chloride or 10% calcium propiolate;
under the condition of low-temperature weather, namely that the average temperature is 15 ℃ in continuous days, the plant growth inhibitor is an gibberellic indole regulator;
(6) And (3) flowering-period chemical control management: the foliar spraying of the flowering phase initiation chemical control mixed solution comprises the following steps: 40-60g of 60% pyraclostrobin, 30-50g of 15% boron element, 2-3g of 0.135% gibberellin indole regulator, 20-30g of 70% hymexazol, 30-50ml of 0.5% matrine, 20-30ml of 24% seflufenamide and 8-10g of 70% imidacloprid, and 80-100 jin of water is added per mu of foliage to be sprayed according to the above amount; the mixed solution for flowering phase chemical control is also added with emamectin benzoate insecticide;
(7) And (3) managing the needle setting period in a chemical control manner: the method comprises the following steps of spraying a needle-down period chemical control mixed solution on a leaf surface, wherein the needle-down period chemical control mixed solution comprises the following components: 40-60ml of 17% mepiquat chloride and 60-80g of cytokinin, and adding 60-80 jin of water to each mu of leaves according to the amount, or adding 60-80g of cytokinin and 60-80 jin of water to each mu of leaves by using 20-30ml of 10% prohexadione calcium;
if the rainfall is excessive and the peanut grows excessively after the foliar spray needle-down period chemical control mixed solution, spraying 60-80 jin of water with 80-90ml of 17% mepiquat chloride to the foliar according to the growth vigor of the peanut 15-25 days after chemical control;
(8) Topdressing: applying 15-30 jin/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50-100 jin/mu of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the early stage of pod bearing;
(9) And (3) post-pod formation chemical control management: spraying for 2-3 times in combination with insect prevention, wherein each mu of the pesticide is used: 30-40ml of 60% choline chloride, 30-40ml of 24g of sevoflurane amide, 200-300g of 50% sodium diuron and 80-100g of 99% potassium bisulfate.
2. The method for high yield cultivation of southern peanuts according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the peanut variety is karaya oil No. 5.
3. The method for cultivating high yield peanuts in south China according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the low-toxicity disease and insect prevention drug is 25% michipine, and seeds are dressed according to 20 ml/mu.
4. The method for high yield cultivation of southern peanuts according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the seeds are sealed off before the sowing and the soil covering are finished by using 960g/L of a golden urban herbicide.
5. The method for cultivating high yield peanuts in the south of claim 1, wherein in the step (9), 20-30ml of calcium-containing liquid calcium fertilizer for calomel is added per mu.
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