CN101336611A - Breeding method of good quality, double-low, disease-resistant, high yield, lodging-resistant rape - Google Patents
Breeding method of good quality, double-low, disease-resistant, high yield, lodging-resistant rape Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of high-quality double-low disease-resistant high-yield lodging-resistant rape cultivar 'Zhen 2405'. The bred high-quality double-low rape cultivar has the advantages of full and round seed grain, heavy thousand grain weight, black seed grain, good marketability, excellent disease resistance, stable yield, good lodging resistance, good plant-type trait, good maturity performance, consistent maturity and suitability for the mechanized harvest. The method comprises the following steps: A) selecting the early-mature high-yield rapeseed line 'Zhen 9701' as the maternal plant, which has high resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and lodging and has compact plant-type trait, selecting rape line F1 as the male parent, which has good agronomic characters and high-yield trait, and cross-breeding to obtain a rape line F0; and B) sowing the rape line F0, sowing the excellent individual plants after the two-row sowing of the rape line F0, and self-inbreeding for 6 generations to obtain the high-quality double-low high-yield rape cultivar (Brassica napus) 'Zhen 2405' with excellent resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and lodging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a plant species, more specifically to two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of a kind of high-quality, anti-breeding method of falling rape.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of rapid development of economy and living standards of the people, market is increasing to the demand of rape seed, and area sharply increases and industry occupies cultivated land, the rapeseed cultivation area reduces relatively, imbalance between supply and demand is more outstanding, and international and domestic supply is tight slightly, and the whole world is to the vegetable oil increase in demand.According to expert research and analysis, 2005-2010, global vegetable oil consumption will increase 27%, and edible consumption increases 14%, and biofuel increases 13%.The yield per unit area that how to improve rape seed just seems particularly important, and exploitation at present uses the research work of " biodiesel " to become focus.And along with the raising day by day of living standards of the people, people have higher requirement to the quality of edible oil, along with the high speed development of industry, rural laborer's structure changes, and the seed selection research of the rape variety of saving of labor's abridged edition and the research of corresponding corresponding cultivation techniques are seemed particularly urgent.The existing main breed majority in Jiangsu exists numerous advantages to be difficult to integrated shortcoming, and scarcely strong to the resistance of sclerotinia rot of colza, and simultaneously, traditional quality rape yields poorly, and is difficult to break through, and lodging resistance is relatively poor, and its high yield characteristic and mechanized degree are restricted.At present, it is nervous that world's grease supply has been tending towards, and China faces the problem of oil supply quantity not sufficient equally.Therefore, two low, the high anti-stalk breaks of seed selection collection high-quality, the anti-cabbage type rape new varieties of stable high yield are important goals of China's rapeseed breeding, the existing antibiotic preferably nuclear characteristic of disease energy of quick breeding how, it is two low and possess the high yield rape variety that adapts to mechanized economical character (anti-fall) and become the problem that China's rapeseed breeding presses for solution to possess high-quality again.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art and problem, two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of a kind of high-quality, anti-breeding method of falling rape are provided, two low, the stable yields of high-quality are anti-ly fallen, the high yield new rape variety of high anti-stalk break thereby cultivate, and make it obtain large scale application.
The applicant is through for many years repetition test, in many cultivation schemes and selection, find, following breeding method can well reach goal of the invention solving prior art problems, and the breeding method in two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of high-quality of the present invention, the anti-town of falling the rape 2405 may further comprise the steps:
A) it is maternal to select for use free ripe morning phase, output height, high anti-stalk break, lodging resistance is strong, plant type is compact Wild cabbage type normal rapeseed kind town 9701 to do, and has the good economical character and a F of high yield characteristics with free
1' make paternal hybrid and obtain F
0, wherein said F
1' after having two low genetic background Soviet Unions 8518 of high-quality and 94Y16 hybridization, obtain;
B) with F
0Sowing is at F
0Plantation 2 row promptly select elite seedling to carry out mixed seeding again after mixing and receiving, and selfing obtains two low, the high anti-stalk breaks of high-quality after 6 generations then, stable high yield resists down conventional cabbage type rape new lines promptly to press down 2405.
In the breeding method in two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of high-quality of the present invention, the anti-town of falling the rape 2405, from F
1The good individual plant of economical character is just selected in selfing during 1 generation, the bad individual plant of indoor superseded quality, and individual plant mixed planting 12 row with quality better carry out system again and select; From F
2Begin continuous selfing and separate F
3Divide the plant plantation, select in excellent excellent; From F
3Begin promptly individual plant to be carried out the bagging selfing, in indoor strict attributional analysis, superseded two low index individual plants not really up to the mark, the good stable of assurance offspring's quality of carrying out; From 5 generations of selfing begin output when identifying in conjunction with plant type, economical character, two low-quality, the material of elected better resistance.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. quality is two low
The bank up the roots of seedlings grain is full perfectly round, the thousand kernel weight height, and the bank up the roots of seedlings grain is black, and commodity is good.Delivered Ministry of Agriculture's quality testing center test result according to 2007 by economizing the unified sampling of seed stations: thousand kernel weight is higher, is 4.04 grams.Stalk break is lighter, the incidence of disease 14.03%, and disease refers to 7.96.Cold resistance is medium.Oil content 40.20%, glucosinolate content 16.85umol/g cake powder, content of erucic acid 0.1% all meets national double-low rapeseed standard.
2. resistance is outstanding, and yield stability is good
This kind all has good resistance to stalk break and virus disease.Unified sampling identifies that stalk break is lighter through Institute of Plant Protection, academy of agricultural sciences, Jiangsu Province, the incidence of disease 14.03%, and disease refers to 7.96, performance is high anti-.Other mixed natural disposition disease is light, ripe lover of later stage.It is sturdy to press down 2405 stem stalks, fertilizer resistance anti-lodging, and yield stability is good, and output is rational in infrastructure, and ripe uniformity is better, is suitable for mechanized harvest.
3. yielding ability is good, the output structural coordination, and self regulating power is strong
This kind is upright seedling stage, tongue phase robust growth, and the spring is sent out by force, and the florescence concentrates, and it is closeer grain, and output is rational in infrastructure, and ripe uniformity is better.General 180 kilograms of per mu yields (the high-yield field piece can reach more than 250 kilograms), No. 1 volume increase about 8% of contrast Soviet Union oil, plant height 165.49cm, 8.97 of branch amounts, 6.78 of secondary branch amounts, 331.22 of the effective branch amounts of complete stool, angular length 7.28cm, every seed number per pod is more, is 20.63, thousand kernel weight is higher, is 4.04 grams.Self regulating power is strong, easily cultivation.
4. plant type is good, ripe lover
This product seedling low body is strong, and leaf is tall and straight, dark green leaf color, and branchiness is strong, and the plant type compactness is tall and straight, is subjected to the light attitude good, and functional period of leaf is long, later stage annesl high conformity, ripe lover, about the 240 days time of infertility, more Zao than No. 1 summary of Soviet Union's oil.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a breeding method breeding pedigree schematic diagram of the present invention
Embodiment
Embodiment
1) F
0Hybridization selects for use free ripe morning phase, output height, high anti-stalk break, lodging resistance is strong, plant type is compact Wild cabbage type normal rapeseed kind town 9701 to make female parents, has the good economical character and a F of high yield characteristics with free
1' make paternal hybrid and obtain F
043 in seed, wherein said F
1' after having two low genetic background Soviet Unions 8518 of high-quality and 94Y16 hybridization, obtain;
2) F1 selfing: 1998 annual autumn sowing plantation F
1Two row, the individual plant that selective advantage is strong, economical character is good mix and receive is F
2
3) F2 selfing: 1999 years are with F
2Planting seed is only controlled not diseases prevention of worm in the field, selects the individual plant that the midwifery growing way is good, disease is light, carries out indoor species test and quality restriction simultaneously, the eliminating of single pearl proterties and two low-quality performance differences, and reserving seed for planting of doing very well is F
3
4) F
3Selfing: the F that reserves seed for planting
3Divide the individual plant sowing, only control not diseases prevention of worm, light, the comprehensive good individual plant of proterties of disease is received in choosing, carries out indoor species test and quality restriction simultaneously, the eliminating of single pearl proterties and two low-quality performance differences, and choosing that 4 strains that behave oneself best reserve seed for planting is F
4
5) F
4Selfing: the 4 strain F that will obtain
4, divide the individual plant sowing, only control not diseases prevention of worm, light, the comprehensive good individual plant of proterties of disease is received in choosing, carries out indoor species test and quality restriction simultaneously, the eliminating of single pearl proterties and two low-quality performance differences, choosing that 5 strains of performance high yield reserve seed for planting is F
5
6) F
5Selfing: with the F that obtains
4Plant 5 strain systems, selected performance is stable, 9 strain systems of excellent quality obtain F
6
7) 2003 with 4 strains systems of the selected plantation of the F6 that obtains, select in excellent that to carry out strain in excellent be that output is identified, performance output height is selected in not diseases prevention of whole process, resistance, 3 of comprehensive proterties excellence and stable strains;
8) 3 stable strains will being elected in 2004 carry out the new lines comparative test, not diseases prevention of whole process, elected wherein 1 show as the disease-resistant high yield of high-quality, promptly obtain two low, the high anti-stalk breaks of high-quality, stable high yield resists down conventional cabbage type rape town 2405, continues to select in excellent excellent maintenance town 2405 special excellent economical character and quality later on;
9) participated in Jiangsu Province's high-quality normal rapeseed preliminary experiment in 2005;
10) participated in Jiangsu Province's high-quality normal rapeseed regional test in 2006;
11) continued to participate in Jiangsu Province's high-quality normal rapeseed regional test in 2007;
14) participated in Jiangsu Province's high-quality normal rapeseed production test, tentatively titled town 2405 in 2008
Concrete breeding is through seeing Table 1.
Town's 2405 culture technique main points that breeding method of the present invention is bred are as follows:
Plant experimentally through test, press down the output of 2405 per mu yields more than 250 kilograms and constitute: transplant the 8000-10000 strain for every mu, about plant height 165cm, 9 of branch amounts, secondary branch amount 4-5, about 360 of the effective branch amounts of complete stool, angular length 7.5cm, every seed number per pod are more than 20., and thousand kernel weight is more than 4 grams.Town 2405 belongs to ripe two low cabbage type rapes in the semiwinternesses, and flower bud is big, it is big to spend, and really endure at the angle, and individual plant effective angle fruit number is many.Rational close planting, a short also timely intertillage is early loosened the soil and is eliminated, and guaranteeing had enough amount of growth before the winter, accomplished fluently the high yield basis, promote angle fruit number to grow, thereby reach the purpose that the many and balance of angle fruit, grain are striven for high yield greatly, promptly on the basis of angle of stability fruit number, increase the grain number, it is heavy to improve grain, captures high yield.
The technical essential that should grasp is as follows:
1, the proper seeding North Jiangsu Area should be sowed about September 5, and the riverine area of Su Zhonghe was sowed about September 10, and southern area of Jiangsu Province was sowed about September 15.The seedbed amount of broadcasting 0.5-0.6 kilogram/mu is accomplished light seeding, even broadcasting, and guarantees to transplant strong sprout.Want timely thinning after emerging, about 40 days length of time rice seedlings grow.
2, cultivation seedbed in strong sprout is controlled at 1 with the land for growing field crops ratio: about 5-6, use sufficient base fertilizer, use boron fertilizer and phosphorus potash fertilizer.
3, the rational close planting phase of transplanting was advisable with late October, at the latest the first tenday period of a month in November.Transplant density generally at 0.8-1.0 ten thousand/mu, Fertilization Level height, transplanting field piece early can suitably reduce.Take the transplanting method of the narrow strain of wide row, distance between rows and hills is 1.2 chis * 5-6 cun.Live density is 1.2-1.3 ten thousand/mu, and distance between rows and hills is 1.2 chis * 4-5 cun after the thinning final singling.
4, rich water quality management is executed purity nitrogen 15-20 kilogram for every mu, and heavy dressing base manure is suitably early executed and carried seed manure and tongue fertilizer.Wherein base manure should account for 60% of total fertilizing amount, and guarantees that N, P, K, B cooperate, and transplants early to execute after living and carries seed manure, guarantees to survive the winter strong sprout, and tongue be executed fertile suitable suitably morning, generally grasps at the beginning of late January or 2 months, uses in the time of the high 2-3 of tongue centimetre.
5, do native list processing with the rape herbicides special before the disease pest and weed control is transplanted, control the rape whole growth weed growth in season.Seedling stage keypoint control aphid and cabbage caterpillar.Firstization phase spray medicine is prevented and treated stalk break, and the time full-bloom stage that rainwater is many is anti-more once, has ready conditions to add the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that sprays a 1-2% and 3% borax solution.
The result is planted experimentally in pilot experiment and demonstration
1. result of the test and yield level
1.1 result of the test
179.81 kilograms of the average yield per mus in economizing the zone test of 2005-2006 year, output occupies 11 tested varieties (being) first place, and comparison is according to No. 1 volume increase 8.75% of 1 Soviet Union's oil, increase production extremely significantly, and comparison increases production 12.92% according to 2 Shi Lifeng, increases production extremely remarkable.188.06 kilograms of the average yield per mus in economizing the zone test of 2006-2007 year, comparison be according to Shi Lijia volume increase 12.71%, increase production extremely significantly, promotes to participate in and economize production test, is expected to obtain variety certification.
1.2 yield level
About 180 kilograms of general per mu yields, the high-yield field piece can reach more than 250 kilograms.
Table 1: breeding method seed selection process of the present invention
Claims (6)
1, the breeding method in two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of a kind of high-quality, the anti-town of falling the rape 2405 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A) it is maternal to select for use free ripe morning phase, output height, high anti-stalk break, lodging resistance is strong, plant type is compact Wild cabbage type normal rapeseed kind town 9701 to do, and has the good economical character and a F of high yield characteristics with free
1' make paternal hybrid and obtain F
0, wherein said F
1' after having two low genetic background Soviet Unions 8518 of high-quality and 94Y16 hybridization, obtain;
B) with F
0Sowing is at F
0Plantation 2 row promptly select elite seedling to carry out mixed seeding again after mixing and receiving, and selfing obtains two low, the high anti-stalk breaks of high-quality after 6 generations then, stable high yield resists down conventional cabbage type rape new lines promptly to press down 2405.
2, the breeding method in two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of high-quality according to claim 1, the anti-town of falling the rape 2405 is characterized in that from F
1The good individual plant of economical character is just selected in selfing during 1 generation, the bad individual plant of indoor superseded quality, and individual plant mixed planting 12 row with quality better carry out system again and select.
3, the breeding method in two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of high-quality according to claim 1, the anti-town of falling the rape 2405 is characterized in that from F
2Begin continuous selfing and separate F
3Divide the plant plantation, select in excellent excellent.
4, the breeding method in two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of high-quality according to claim 1, the anti-town of falling the rape 2405 is characterized in that from F
3Begin promptly individual plant to be carried out the bagging selfing, in indoor strict attributional analysis, superseded two low index individual plants not really up to the mark, the good stable of assurance offspring's quality of carrying out.
5, the breeding method in two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of high-quality according to claim 1, the anti-town of falling the rape 2405, it is characterized in that from 5 generations of selfing begin output when identifying in conjunction with plant type, economical character, two low-quality, be elected to the material of better resistance.
6, the breeding method in two low, disease-resistant, the high yields of high-quality according to claim 1, the anti-town of falling the rape 2405 is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
1) F
0Hybridization selects for use free ripe morning phase, output height, high anti-stalk break, lodging resistance is strong, plant type is compact Wild cabbage type normal rapeseed kind town 9701 to make female parents, has the good economical character and a F of high yield characteristics with free
1' make paternal hybrid and obtain F
043 in seed, wherein said F
1' after having two low genetic background Soviet Unions 8518 of high-quality and 94Y16 hybridization, obtain;
2) F
1Selfing: will gather in the crops seed plantation F last year
1Two row, the individual plant that selective advantage is strong, economical character is good mixes receipts, and getting many in seed is F
2
3) F
2Selfing: with F
2Sowing is only controlled not diseases prevention of worm in the field, selects the individual plant that the midwifery growing way is good, disease is light, carries out indoor species test and quality restriction simultaneously, the eliminating of single pearl proterties and two low-quality performance differences, and reserving seed for planting of doing very well is F
3
4) F
3Selfing: the F that reserves seed for planting
3Divide the individual plant sowing, only control not diseases prevention of worm, light, the comprehensive good individual plant of proterties of disease is received in choosing, carries out indoor species test and quality restriction simultaneously, the eliminating of single pearl proterties and two low-quality performance differences, and choosing that 4 strains that behave oneself best reserve seed for planting is F
4
5) F
4Selfing: the 4 strain F that will obtain
4, divide the individual plant sowing, only control not diseases prevention of worm, light, the comprehensive good individual plant of proterties of disease is received in choosing, carries out indoor species test and quality restriction simultaneously, the eliminating of single pearl proterties and two low-quality performance differences, choosing that 5 strains of performance high yield reserve seed for planting is F
5
6) F
5Selfing: with the F that obtains
4Plant 5 strain systems, selected performance is stable, 9 strain systems of excellent quality obtain F
6
7) with the F that obtains
64 strains systems of selected plantation select in excellent that to carry out strain in excellent be that output is identified, performance output height is selected in not diseases prevention of whole process, resistance, 3 of comprehensive proterties excellence and stable strains;
8) 3 stable strains will being elected to carry out the new lines comparative test, not diseases prevention of whole process, elected wherein 1 show as the disease-resistant high yield of high-quality, promptly obtain two low, the high anti-stalk breaks of high-quality, stable high yield resists down conventional cabbage type rape town 2405, continues to select in excellent excellent maintenance town 2405 special excellent economical character and quality later on.
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