CN103999764A - Method for improving cross pollination efficiency of macadimia nuts - Google Patents
Method for improving cross pollination efficiency of macadimia nuts Download PDFInfo
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- CN103999764A CN103999764A CN201410233516.0A CN201410233516A CN103999764A CN 103999764 A CN103999764 A CN 103999764A CN 201410233516 A CN201410233516 A CN 201410233516A CN 103999764 A CN103999764 A CN 103999764A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving cross pollination efficiency of macadimia nuts and belongs to the field of cross breading technologies of fruit trees. The method comprises three steps of building an insect-proof net, collecting pollen and artificially pollinating. By virtue of the method, a net chamber can be used for pollinating a large quantity of inflorescences according to the characteristics of low self-compatibility degrees of most varieties of the macadimia nuts so as to meet the requirements of large-scale cross breeding, so that the complex processes of carrying out castration, collecting the pollen and covering bags and the like in the normal hybridization method are omitted, thereby saving labor and avoiding damage to the natural structures of the flowers. The method is simple to operate, time-saving, labor-saving, free of damage to the natural structures of the flowers and high in success rate of cross pollination. By virtue of the method, the key steps for cross breading of the macadimia nuts are optimized, so that an optimized technical method system is obtained, the cross breading efficiency of the macadimia nuts is improved, and the cross breading cost of the macadimia nuts is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree hybridization breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method that improves macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency.
Background technology
Macadamia nut (Macadamia spp.), claims again Australia English walnut, macadamia etc., for Proteaceae (Proteaceae) macadamia nut belongs to (Macadamia F.Muell) perennial evergreen standard fruit-tree.Macadamia nut edible part is kernel, and fat content, up to 65～83%, is also rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin, nutritious, tasty, be five-star a kind of in world's nut fruits food, be also the larger fruit tree species of China hot-zone area under cultivation in recent years.But at present, China there is no the kind of own seed selection, in production, kind used is all from external improved variety, and due to the difference of climatic environment, the average strain of most of kinds is produced only has 1/3～1/2 of breeding ground.Although China's researcher has carried out 20 years of researches for environmental suitability and other features of part introduced variety, also filtered out a collection of macadamia nut kind relatively preferably, as Hinde, Own Choice, HAES900 etc., but all things considered, the output of these kinds and its breeding ground remain certain distance, and quantity is also very limited, can not meet the needs of the various microclimate environments of China, in addition, along with China joined WTO, aggravation and the macadamia nut of world commerce competition are mainly bred as the increasing of state to new varieties protection, from the external difficulty of directly introducing improved variety, will become increasing from now on.Only insist upon self-reliance, seed selection is applicable to China's new varieties climatic environment, that have independent intellectual property right, could in following competition, establish oneself in an unassailable position, this is also to solve the fundamental way of China's macadamia nut variety problem and the only way of China's macadamia nut industry improved variety.
Although number of ways and the methods such as the cultivation of macadamia nut new varieties can be taked crossbreeding, the seed selection of growing directly from seeds, bud mutation seed selection, radioinduction, but crossbreeding remains the main method of macadamia nut breeding of new variety, being the most important and the most effective approach of macadamia nut breeding, is also current most popular method.The evaluation screening technique step of macadamia nut hybrid generation seedling and filial generation fruit is numerous and diverse, and dealing with improperly of each step can affect breeding efficiency.Generally from hybridizing to, select minimum 20 years of needs of macadamia nut new varieties.At present, macadamia nut crossbreeding program is complicated, often flower natural structure is caused to damage, and pollination efficiency is lower, and cross-fertile success rate is also lower, and therefore, how overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art is problems that solution is needed in current crossbreeding technology field badly.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of operating efficiency higher, the macadamia nut hybridization pollination method that cross-fertile has higher success rate.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A method that improves macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, comprises the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: according to breeding objective Selection parent, combine, above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, take pollination frame, fly net is directly covered and is fixed on frame, frame surrounding below stays the fly net of 0.5-1m to pile up ground the compacting of setting surrounding, in case Pollinating Insect enters;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, on male parent tree, select inflorescence open within 24 hours, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, under each screw type rotary test tube 3-5 of left and right, move up and down under test tube 2-3, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, in the time of can significantly seeing one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube, the test tube that has gathered pollen is put on label, and with wet towel parcel, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, wet towel, not drip and to be advisable, obtains the test tube of pollinating;
Step (3), artificial pollination: the pollination test tube that step (2) is obtained is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower that surpasses test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear column cap under 1-2, the inflorescence wiping is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, under each screw type rotary test tube 2-3 of left and right, move up and down under test tube 1-2 and can complete pollination, after pollination, put on label, indicate Parent, after 10d, remove fly net.
The fly net of selecting in step (1) is 80-100 order.
The fly net of selecting in step (1) is nylon fly net.
Collection pollen described in step (2) select fine day or morning at cloudy day 8:00-11:00 gather pollen.
Test tube specification described in step (2) is 25 * 200mm, and is the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth.
Artificial pollination described in step (3) select fine day or morning at cloudy day 9:00-12:00 carry out artificial pollination.
The pollination test tube that every step (2) obtains can carry out artificial pollination to 3-5 inflorescence.
The environmental condition of step (3) artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 ℃, relative moisture 60-70%, the weather of calm or gentle breeze.
After step (3) artificial pollination, in 24 hours, fall moderate rain or heavy rain, need artificial pollination again.
Described step (3) described artificial pollination period is late January to late Febuary or full-bloom stage, and full-bloom stage is that Parent putting artificial flowers on trees quantity is between 25%-75% time.
compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:(1) the present invention is according to the low characteristic of the most of kind self-compatibility degree of macadamia nut, utilize solarium to pollinate to a large amount of inflorescences, to meet the demand of extensive crossbreeding, remove emasculation in conventional hybridization method from, gather the complicated processes such as pollen, bagging, can save recruitment, avoid the damage to flower natural structure; (2) the present invention is simple to operate, time saving and energy saving, does not damage the natural structure of flower, and hybridization pollination success rate is high; (3) the present invention is optimized the committed step of macadamia nut crossbreeding, obtains the technical method system of optimizing, and improves macadamia nut crossbreeding efficiency.
specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.Without departing from the spirit and substance of the case in the present invention, the modification that the inventive method, step or condition are done or replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.If do not specialize, the conventional means that in embodiment, technological means used is well known to those skilled in the art.
embodiment 1
Improve a method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, wherein, macadamia nut kind D4 is maternal, and kind HAES900 is male parent, and female parent selects 7 strains, and male parent is selected 5 strains, comprises the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: according to breeding objective Selection parent, combine, above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, take pollination frame, 80 order nylon fly nets are directly covered and are fixed on frame, frame surrounding below stays the fly net of 0.5m to pile up ground the compacting of setting surrounding, in case Pollinating Insect enters;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-10:00, on male parent tree, select inflorescence open within 24 hours, by specification, be 25 * 200mm, the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth is got pollen, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, each screw type rotary test tube of left and right 3 times, move up and down test tube 2 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, in the time of can significantly seeing one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube, the test tube that has gathered pollen is put on label, with wet towel, wrap up, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, wet towel is not to drip and to be advisable, obtain the test tube of pollinating,
Step (3), artificial pollination: fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-12:00, the pollination test tube that step (2) is obtained is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower that surpasses test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear column cap 1 time, the inflorescence wiping is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, each screw type rotary test tube of left and right 2 times, move up and down test tube and can complete pollination 1 time, after pollination, put on label, indicate Parent, after 10d, remove fly net.
The pollination test tube that every step (2) obtains carries out artificial pollination to 3 inflorescences;
The environmental condition of step (3) artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 ℃, and relative moisture 60-70% is calm; Artificial pollination period is late January
Pollinate and within latter 5 months, investigate the number of finally bearing fruit, on average the fruit-setting rate of each inflorescence is 307,0.69%, 200 inflorescence results seed, and the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 52,0.12%, 200 inflorescence results seed.
embodiment 2
Improve a method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, wherein, take macadamia nut kind HAES951 as maternal, kind D is male parent, and each selects 5 strains, comprises the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: according to breeding objective Selection parent, combine, above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, take pollination frame, 90 order nylon fly nets are directly covered and are fixed on frame, frame surrounding below stays the fly net of 0.75m to pile up ground the compacting of setting surrounding, in case Pollinating Insect enters;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-10:00, on male parent tree, select inflorescence open within 24 hours, by specification, be 25 * 200mm, the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth is got pollen, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, each screw type rotary test tube of left and right 5 times, move up and down test tube 3 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, in the time of can significantly seeing one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube, the test tube that has gathered pollen is put on label, with wet towel, wrap up, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, wet towel is not to drip and to be advisable, obtain the test tube of pollinating,
Step (3), artificial pollination: fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-12:00, the pollination test tube that step (2) is obtained is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower that surpasses test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear column cap 2 times, the inflorescence wiping is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, each screw type rotary test tube of left and right 3 times, move up and down test tube and can complete pollination 2 times, after pollination, put on label, indicate Parent, after 10d, remove fly net.
The pollination test tube that every step (2) obtains can carry out artificial pollination to 5 inflorescences;
The environmental condition of step (3) artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 ℃, relative moisture 60-70%, gentle breeze; Artificial pollination period is late Febuary.
Pollinate and within latter 5 months, investigate the number of finally bearing fruit, on average the fruit-setting rate of each inflorescence is that 0.78%, 200 inflorescence results seed number is 224, and the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 62,0.22%, 200 inflorescence results seed.
embodiment 3
Improve a method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, wherein, take macadamia nut kind HAES842 as maternal, kind 816 is male parent, and each selects 5 strains, comprises the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: according to breeding objective Selection parent, combine, above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, take pollination frame, 100 order nylon fly nets are directly covered and are fixed on frame, frame surrounding below stays the fly net of 1m to pile up ground the compacting of setting surrounding, in case Pollinating Insect enters;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-10:00, on male parent tree, select inflorescence open within 24 hours, by specification, be 25 * 200mm, the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth is got pollen, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, each screw type rotary test tube of left and right 4 times, move up and down test tube 3 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, in the time of can significantly seeing one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube, the test tube that has gathered pollen is put on label, with wet towel, wrap up, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, wet towel is not to drip and to be advisable, obtain the test tube of pollinating,
Step (3), artificial pollination: fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-12:00, the pollination test tube that step (2) is obtained is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower that surpasses test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear column cap 2 times, the inflorescence wiping is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, each screw type rotary test tube of left and right 2 times, move up and down test tube and can complete pollination 2 times, after pollination, put on label, indicate Parent, after 10d, remove fly net.
The pollination test tube that every step (2) obtains can carry out artificial pollination to 4 inflorescences;
The environmental condition of step (3) artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 ℃, and relative moisture 60-70% is calm; Artificial pollination period is early Febuary.
Pollinate and within latter 5 months, investigate the number of finally bearing fruit, on average the fruit-setting rate of each inflorescence is that 2.16%, 200 inflorescence results seed number is 820, and the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 380,1.00%, 200 inflorescence results seed.
embodiment 4
The present embodiment improves the method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, take macadamia nut kind D as maternal, and kind O.C, HAES951 are male parent, and each selects 5 strains, and concrete steps are with example 1, and artificial pollination period is full-bloom stage.Pollinate and within latter 5 months, investigate the number of finally bearing fruit, the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of combination D * O.C, D * HAES951 is respectively 1.08%, 1.05%, and 200 inflorescences of each combination pollination, gather in the crops seed number and be respectively 311,303; The fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 115,0.40%, 200 inflorescence results seed.
embodiment 5
The present embodiment improves the method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, take macadamia nut kind O.C as maternal, kind HAES816, HAES294, HAES344, HAES951 are male parent, each selects 5 strains, concrete steps are with example 1, pollinate and within latter 5 months, investigate the number of finally bearing fruit, the fruit-setting rate of combination O.C * HAES344, O.C * HAES816, average each inflorescence of O.C * HAES951, O.C * HAES294 is respectively 0.80%, 0.80%, 0.65%, 0.61%, 300 inflorescences of each combination pollination, results seed number is respectively 426,424,345,323; The fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 111,0.21%, 300 inflorescence results seed.
Claims (10)
1. improve a method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: according to breeding objective Selection parent, combine, above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, take pollination frame, fly net is directly covered and is fixed on frame, frame surrounding below stays the fly net of 0.5-1m to pile up ground the compacting of tree surrounding;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, on male parent tree, select inflorescence open within 24 hours, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, under each screw type rotary test tube 3-5 of left and right, move up and down under test tube 2-3, the test tube that has gathered pollen wraps up with wet towel, obtains the test tube of pollinating;
Step (3), artificial pollination: the pollination test tube that step (2) is obtained is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower that surpasses test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear column cap under 1-2, the inflorescence wiping is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, under each screw type rotary test tube 2-3 of left and right, move up and down under test tube 1-2 and can complete pollination, after 10d, remove fly net.
2. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fly net of selecting in step (1) is 80-100 order.
3. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fly net of selecting in step (1) is nylon fly net.
4. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the collection pollen described in step (2) select fine day or morning at cloudy day 8:00-11:00 gather pollen.
5. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the test tube specification described in step (2) is 25 * 200mm, and is the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth.
6. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the artificial pollination described in step (3) select fine day or morning at cloudy day 9:00-12:00 carry out artificial pollination.
7. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pollination test tube that every step (2) obtains can carry out artificial pollination to 3-5 inflorescence.
8. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that the environmental condition of step (3) artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 ℃, relative moisture 60-70%, the weather of calm or gentle breeze.
9. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that in 24 hours, falling moderate rain or heavy rain after step (3) artificial pollination, needs artificial pollination again.
10. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step (3) described artificial pollination period is late January to late Febuary or full-bloom stage.
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| CN109997548A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-12 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of method of quick screening Queensland nut plantation configuration kind |
| CN110012832A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-16 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A method of Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit is improved by artificial supplementary pollination |
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