CN103999764B - A kind of method improving macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency - Google Patents
A kind of method improving macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN103999764B CN103999764B CN201410233516.0A CN201410233516A CN103999764B CN 103999764 B CN103999764 B CN 103999764B CN 201410233516 A CN201410233516 A CN 201410233516A CN 103999764 B CN103999764 B CN 103999764B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method improving macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, belong to fruit tree hybridization breeding technical field.It comprises takes the large step of fly net, collection pollen and artificial pollination three.The characteristic that the present invention is low according to macadamia nut major part kind self-compatibility degree, utilize solarium can pollinate to a large amount of inflorescence, to meet the demand of extensive crossbreeding, remove emasculation in conventional hybridization method from, gather the complicated process such as pollen, bagging, can recruitment be saved, avoid the damage to flower natural structure.The present invention is simple to operate, time saving and energy saving, does not damage the natural structure of flower, and hybridization pollination success rate is high.The committed step of the present invention to macadamia nut crossbreeding is optimized, and obtains the technical staple optimized, and improves macadamia nut crossbreeding efficiency, reduces the cost of macadamia nut crossbreeding simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree hybridization breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method improving macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency.
Background technology
Macadamia nut (Macadamiaspp.), also known as Australia English walnut, macadamia etc., for Proteaceae (Proteaceae) macadamia nut belongs to (MacadamiaF.Muell) perennial evergreen standard fruit-tree.Macadamia nut edible part is kernel, and fat content, up to 65 ~ 83%, is also rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin, nutritious, tasty, being five-star one in world's nut fruits food, is also the fruit tree species that China hot-zone area under cultivation is larger in recent years.But at present, China there is no the kind of oneself seed selection, and in production, kind used is all from external improved variety, due to the difference of climatic environment, the average strain of most of kind is produced only has 1/3 ~ 1/2 of breeding ground.Although China's researcher has carried out 20 years of researches for the environmental suitability of part introduced variety and other features, also a collection of macadamia nut kind relatively has preferably been filtered out, as Hinde, OwnChoice, HAES900 etc., but all things considered, the output of these kinds and its breeding ground remain certain distance, and quantity is also very limited, the needs of the various microclimate environment of China can not be met, in addition, along with China joined WTO, aggravation and the macadamia nut of world commerce competition are mainly bred as the increasing of state to New variety protection dynamics, to become increasing from the external difficulty directly introducing improved variety from now on.Only insist upon self-reliance, that seed selection is applicable to China's climatic environment, that there is independent intellectual property right new varieties, in the competition in future, could establish oneself in an unassailable position, this is also solve the fundamental way of China's macadamia nut variety problem and the only way of China's macadamia nut industry improved variety.
Although the cultivation of macadamia nut new varieties can take crossbreeding, grow directly from seeds number of ways and the methods such as seed selection, Bud mutation, radioinduction, but crossbreeding remains the main method of macadamia nut breeding of new variety, being the most important and the most effective approach of macadamia nut breeding, is also current most popular method.The Evaluating and screening method step of macadamia nut hybrid generation seedling and filial generation fruit is numerous and diverse, and dealing with improperly of each step can affect breeding efficiency.Generally select macadamia nut new varieties minimum needs 20 year from hybridizing to.At present, macadamia nut crossbreeding program is complicated, and often cause damage to flower natural structure, pollination efficiency is lower, and cross-fertile success rate is also lower, and therefore, how overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art is problems that solution is needed in current crossbreeding technology field badly.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of operating efficiency higher, the macadamia nut hybridization pollination method that cross-fertile has higher success rate.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Improve a method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, comprise the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: combine according to breeding objective Selection parent, pollination frame is taken above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, fly net is directly covered and is fixed on frame, the fly net of 0.5-1m is stayed to pile up the tree ground of surrounding and compacting, in case Pollinating Insect enters below frame surrounding;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, male parent tree selects inflorescence open within 24 hours, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, under each screw type rotary test tube 3-5 of left and right, under moving up and down test tube 2-3, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, when significantly can see one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube, label put on by the test tube having gathered pollen, and with wet towel parcel, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, wet towel is advisable not drip, and obtains test tube of pollinating;
Step (3), artificial pollination: the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower exceeding test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear column cap under 1-2, the inflorescence wiped is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, under each screw type rotary test tube 2-3 of left and right, pollination can be completed under moving up and down test tube 1-2, put on label after pollination, indicate Parent, after 10d, remove fly net.
The fly net selected in step (1) is 80-100 order.
The fly net selected in step (1) is nylon fly net.
Collection pollen described in step (2) select fine day or morning at cloudy day 8:00-11:00 carry out collection pollen.
Test tube specification described in step (2) is 25 × 200mm, and is the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth.
Artificial pollination described in step (3) select fine day or morning at cloudy day 9:00-12:00 carry out artificial pollination.
Often prop up the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains and can carry out artificial pollination to 3-5 inflorescence.
The environmental condition of step (3) artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, the weather of calm or gentle breeze.
Fall moderate rain or heavy rain in 24 hours after step (3) artificial pollination, need artificial pollination again.
Described artificial pollination period described in step (3) is late January to late Febuary or full-bloom stage, full-bloom stage be Parent putting artificial flowers on trees quantity between 25%-75% time.
compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:(1) characteristic that the present invention is low according to macadamia nut major part kind self-compatibility degree, utilize solarium can pollinate to a large amount of inflorescence, to meet the demand of extensive crossbreeding, remove emasculation in conventional hybridization method from, gather the complicated process such as pollen, bagging, can recruitment be saved, avoid the damage to flower natural structure; (2) the present invention is simple to operate, time saving and energy saving, does not damage the natural structure of flower, and hybridization pollination success rate is high; (3) committed step of the present invention to macadamia nut crossbreeding is optimized, and obtains the technical staple optimized, and improves macadamia nut crossbreeding efficiency.
specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.Without departing from the spirit and substance of the case in the present invention, the amendment do the inventive method, step or condition or replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.If do not specialize, the conventional means that technological means used in embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art.
embodiment 1
Improve a method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, wherein, macadamia nut kind D4 is maternal, and kind HAES900 is male parent, and female parent selects 7 strains, and male parent selects 5 strains, comprises the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: combine according to breeding objective Selection parent, pollination frame is taken above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, 80 order nylon fly nets are directly covered and are fixed on frame, the fly net of 0.5m is stayed to pile up the tree ground of surrounding and compacting, in case Pollinating Insect enters below frame surrounding;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-10:00, male parent tree selects inflorescence open within 24 hours, be 25 × 200mm by specification, pollen got by the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 3 times, move up and down test tube 2 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, when significantly can see one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube, label put on by the test tube having gathered pollen, wrap up with wet towel, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, wet towel is advisable not drip, obtain test tube of pollinating,
Step (3), artificial pollination: fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-12:00, the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower exceeding test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear 1 time column cap, the inflorescence wiped is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 2 times, move up and down test tube and can complete pollination 1 time, label is put on after pollination, indicate Parent, fly net is removed after 10d.
Often prop up the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains and artificial pollination is carried out to 3 inflorescences;
The environmental condition of step (3) artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, calm; Artificial pollination period is late January
Pollinate and investigate number of finally bearing fruit in latter 5 months, the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence is 0.69%, 200 inflorescences results 307, seeds, and the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 0.12%, 200 inflorescences results 52, seeds.
embodiment 2
Improve a method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, wherein, with macadamia nut kind HAES951 for female parent, kind D is male parent, and each selection 5 strains, comprise the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: combine according to breeding objective Selection parent, pollination frame is taken above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, 90 order nylon fly nets are directly covered and are fixed on frame, the fly net of 0.75m is stayed to pile up the tree ground of surrounding and compacting, in case Pollinating Insect enters below frame surrounding;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-10:00, male parent tree selects inflorescence open within 24 hours, be 25 × 200mm by specification, pollen got by the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 5 times, move up and down test tube 3 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, when significantly can see one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube, label put on by the test tube having gathered pollen, wrap up with wet towel, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, wet towel is advisable not drip, obtain test tube of pollinating,
Step (3), artificial pollination: fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-12:00, the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower exceeding test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear 2 times column caps, the inflorescence wiped is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 3 times, move up and down test tube and can complete pollination 2 times, label is put on after pollination, indicate Parent, fly net is removed after 10d.
Often prop up the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains and can carry out artificial pollination to 5 inflorescences;
The environmental condition of step (3) artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, gentle breeze; Artificial pollination period is late Febuary.
Pollinate and investigate number of finally bearing fruit in latter 5 months, the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence is 0.78%, 200 inflorescences results seed number is 224, and the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 0.22%, 200 inflorescences results 62, seeds.
embodiment 3
Improve a method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, wherein, with macadamia nut kind HAES842 for female parent, kind 816 is male parent, and each selection 5 strains, comprise the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: combine according to breeding objective Selection parent, pollination frame is taken above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, 100 order nylon fly nets are directly covered and are fixed on frame, the fly net of 1m is stayed to pile up the tree ground of surrounding and compacting, in case Pollinating Insect enters below frame surrounding;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-10:00, male parent tree selects inflorescence open within 24 hours, be 25 × 200mm by specification, pollen got by the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 4 times, move up and down test tube 3 times, allow pollen is as much as possible to be adhered on inboard wall of test tube, when significantly can see one deck pollen on inboard wall of test tube, label put on by the test tube having gathered pollen, wrap up with wet towel, test tube mouth wraps in wet towel, wet towel is advisable not drip, obtain test tube of pollinating,
Step (3), artificial pollination: fine day or cloudy day morning 8:00-12:00, the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower exceeding test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear 2 times column caps, the inflorescence wiped is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, the each screw type rotary test tube in left and right 2 times, move up and down test tube and can complete pollination 2 times, label is put on after pollination, indicate Parent, fly net is removed after 10d.
Often prop up the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains and can carry out artificial pollination to 4 inflorescences;
The environmental condition of step (3) artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, calm; Artificial pollination period is early Febuary.
Pollinate and investigate number of finally bearing fruit in latter 5 months, the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence is 2.16%, 200 inflorescences results seed number is 820, and the fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 1.00%, 200 inflorescences results 380, seeds.
embodiment 4
The present embodiment improves the method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, and with macadamia nut kind D for female parent, kind O.C, HAES951 are male parent, respectively selects 5 strains, and concrete steps are with example 1, and artificial pollination period is full-bloom stage.Pollinate and investigate number of finally bearing fruit in latter 5 months, the fruit-setting rate of the average each inflorescence of combination D × O.C, D × HAES951 is respectively 1.08%, 1.05%, each combination pollination 200 inflorescences, and results seed number is respectively 311,303; The fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 0.40%, 200 inflorescence results 115, seeds.
embodiment 5
The present embodiment improves the method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, with macadamia nut kind O.C for female parent, kind HAES816, HAES294, HAES344, HAES951 are male parent, each selection 5 strain, concrete steps are with example 1, pollinate and investigate number of finally bearing fruit in latter 5 months, the fruit-setting rate of combination O.C × HAES344, O.C × HAES816, the average each inflorescence of O.C × HAES951, O.C × HAES294 is respectively 0.80%, 0.80%, 0.65%, 0.61%, each combination pollination 300 inflorescences, results seed number is respectively 426,424,345,323; The fruit-setting rate of average each inflorescence of spontaneous pollination is 0.21%, 300 inflorescence results 111, seeds.
Claims (7)
1. improve a method for macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step (1), take fly net: combine according to breeding objective Selection parent, above the Parent nutwood of initial bloom stage, take pollination frame, fly net is directly covered and is fixed on frame, below frame surrounding, stay the fly net of 0.5-1m to pile up the tree ground of surrounding and compacting;
Step (2), gather pollen: when Parent tree enters full-bloom stage, male parent tree selects inflorescence open within 24 hours, inflorescence is put in vitro clean, under each screw type rotary test tube 3-5 of left and right, under moving up and down test tube 2-3, the test tube wet towel having gathered pollen wraps up, and obtains test tube of pollinating; Described collection pollen select fine day or morning at cloudy day 8:00-11:00 carry out collection pollen; Described test tube specification is 25 × 200mm, and is the test tube of transparent material inner wall smooth;
Step (3), artificial pollination: the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains is taken in the frame of stock tree, select inflorescence open within maternal 24 hours, on inflorescence also unopened little Hua erase, and the flower exceeding test tube length is removed, hand put on textile white yarn gloves from top to bottom gently smear column cap under 1-2, the inflorescence wiped is put into pollination that step (2) obtains in vitro, under each screw type rotary test tube 2-3 of left and right, namely complete pollination under moving up and down test tube 1-2, after 10d, remove fly net; Wherein, the environmental condition of artificial pollination is temperature 18-21 DEG C, relative moisture 60-70%, the weather of calm or gentle breeze.
2. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fly net selected in step (1) is 80-100 order.
3. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fly net selected in step (1) is nylon fly net.
4. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: artificial pollination described in step (3) select fine day or morning at cloudy day 9:00-12:00 carry out artificial pollination.
5. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: often prop up the pollination test tube that step (2) obtains and carry out artificial pollination to 3-5 inflorescence.
6. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, falls moderate rain or heavy rain in 24 hours after it is characterized in that step (3) described artificial pollination, needs artificial pollination again.
7. the method for raising macadamia nut hybridization pollination efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that the artificial pollination period described in step (3) is late January to late Febuary or full-bloom stage.
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| CN110012832A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-16 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A method of Queensland nut percentage of fertile fruit is improved by artificial supplementary pollination |
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| CN102783413A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fast crossbreeding method of pear tree |
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| US8158850B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2012-04-17 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Method to enhance yield and purity of hybrid crops |
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| CN102771381A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-11-14 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Artificial pollination method for macadamia nut |
| CN102783413A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fast crossbreeding method of pear tree |
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