CN104663426A - Method for producing seeds by adopting cucumis melo facility in greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for producing seeds by adopting cucumis melo facility in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN104663426A CN104663426A CN201510094037.XA CN201510094037A CN104663426A CN 104663426 A CN104663426 A CN 104663426A CN 201510094037 A CN201510094037 A CN 201510094037A CN 104663426 A CN104663426 A CN 104663426A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing seeds by adopting cucumis melo facility in a greenhouse. According to the method, seeds of cucumis melo are produced in the solar greenhouse in early spring, the ratio of male and female parents is 1:5, male parents are 7 days earlier sown than female parents, planting and thorough watering are performed after a seedling has three leaves and one bud, intertillage is performed, a mulching film is covered, single stem training is performed on the female parents, vine-hanging cultivation is performed, pinching is performed when the seedling has 20-22 leaves, 16-19 nodes are used for fruit reserving, 3-4 vines are reserved for the male parents and hung, lateral buds are removed, 3-4 lateral vines are selected for pollination, emasculation is performed on female flowers at four o'clock in the afternoon one day earlier before the female flowers blossom, male flowers are well sleeved with sleeves, the well-sleeved male flowers are picked up at 5-7 o'clock next day, the emasculated female flowers are subjected to cross pollination at 7-10 o'clock and well sleeved with bags after pollination is completed, three hybrid melons are reserved, and two melons are selected when the three hybrid melons grow to the size of an egg. According to the method, the greenhouse is used for seed breeding of the cucumis melo, the flowering periods of wild species of various cucurbitaceae and vegetables are avoided, cross breeding probability is reduced, the seed purity is greatly improved, influence of adverse weather on melon growth is reduced, and the produced seed quality is better guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop seeding technique field, be specifically related to a kind of thick-skinned melon Greenhouse producing method for seed.
Background technology
Muskmelon another name muskmelon, fruit melon, sweet melon etc., the annual climing property herbaceous plant of Curcurbitaceae Cucumis, substantially can be divided into two classes, and Melon and thick-skinned melon.Melon originates in China, has cultivation in each region of China, and its advantage is strong adaptability, easily cultivates, but not storage tolerance, single melon is less, and quality is very not outstanding yet.Thick-skinned melon does not originate in China, and its pork is thick, and quality is better, storage tolerance is the main cultivation muskmelon of American-European countries, through introducing a fine variety in history and exchanging, the ground energy open country plantation thick-skinned melons such as Xinjiang of China, Gansu, Inner Mongol, if the great reputation such as Hami melon, honey dew melon, Cucumis melo L cv. Hetao are in generation.
Although along with the continuous effort of breeding expert; at present having cultivated can at the thick-skinned melon variety of the Protectorate cultivation of inland of China; but muskmelon is appointed in the process of crossbreeding, and so to there is output still on the low side; seed quality and purity are difficult to effective control; the problems such as production cost is high, these problems constrain the development of muskmelon kind industry to a certain extent.On the one hand due to melon improving constantly as facility cropping index, cause the rotation cycle to shorten, soil continuous cropping obstacle aggravates, larger to muskmelon seeds yield effect as production of hybrid seeds land used; On the other hand owing to lacking high-yield seeds production technique, blindly increase kind of a melon quantity, plant nutrition can not get effective supply, causes plant early ageing, plants melon and is difficult to maturation.Also have some such as pollination time, pollination cycle not science, pollination environment is not single, causes hybridization percentage of fertile fruit to decline, occurs more pseudostationary.Pollinate uneven, easily occur malformed fruit and the phenomenon such as not bear fruit to female flower damage is excessive.Therefore, how to improve the systematic seeding technique of thick-skinned melon, reduce the generation of pseudostationary, improve hybrid seed yield, reducing breeding cost is the problem demanding prompt solution that the industry faces.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention, be exactly for the deficiency existing for above prior art, and propose a kind of thick-skinned melon Greenhouse producing method for seed, greenhouse is utilized to carry out thick-skinned melon breeding, the flowering stage of all kinds of Curcurbitaceae wild species and vegetables can be avoided, reduce the probability of hybridization, substantially increase the purity of seed, reduce the impact that adverse weather grows muskmelon, make the quality of the production of hybrid seeds more secure, after the muskmelon production of hybrid seeds terminates, greenhouse can change the vegetables planting other in time, be conducive to the availability improving greenhouse, reduce breeding cost.
In order to reach above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of thick-skinned melon Greenhouse producing method for seed, is characterized in that production of hybrid seeds step is as follows:
A, employing greenhouse by solar heat carry out the thick-skinned melon production of hybrid seeds early spring, sowing time Shandong is early and middle ten days in January, the ratio of Parent is 1:5, and male parent was than maternal planting early enough 7 days, and the seedling age phase is about 20 days, muskmelon seedling carries out field planting when reaching 3 leaf 1 heart, selection fair weather carries out, and male parent is planted in the medium position in greenhouse, and planting density is maternal 2500 ~ 2800 plants/acre, male parent is 3500 plants/acre, carries out first time impurity elimination strain before field planting according to the length of internode of seedling, leaf morphology and growth potential;
Water permeable after b, field planting, and after carrying out drawing hoe 1 ~ 2 time, lid mulch film;
C, training is gone alone to female parent, hangs climing cultivation, hang climing after, when growing into 10 ~ 15 leaf, carry out second time impurity elimination; Carry out pinching during 20 ~ 22 leaf, stay melon save position be 16 ~ 19 joint, son climing grow after, carry out third time impurity elimination according to male parent and maternal blade shape, young melon color, young curcumbitate shape, male parent is pruned, only stays the climing training of 3-4 bar, and carry out hanging climing cultivation, remaining lateral bud is all removed;
D, select that 3 ~ 4 sons are climing pollinates, after open front 1 afternoon 4 of female flower, carry out emasculation to female flower, the time is too early, and petal still growing, easily damages by petal; Time is excessively late, and working time is too short, packages subsequently with the muskmelon paper sleeve folded, and with bonding muskmelon paper sleeve, male flower is packaged simultaneously.
E, second day 5-7 point win the male flower packaged, and 7-10 point carries out hybridization pollination to the female flower packaging emasculation, packages after pollination with body paper bag, along with hybridization after growth about 3-5 days of melon paper bag can come off.
F, reservation hybridization 3, melon, too much cause part melon oligotrophy, when hybridization melon grows to egg size, selection fruit shapes is good, and supermature 2 melons, remove unnecessary melon, in muskmelon growth course, the 4th impurity elimination is carried out to muskmelon, will not extract in time by breeding melon
After muskmelon maturation, gather in time, after carrying out after-ripening in 3 ~ 5 days, get seed.
In steps d, muskmelon paper bag is special muskmelon paper bag, the one end open be rolled into old newspaper comparatively large (diameter is 3 cm), one end is pinch confinement, the old newspaper sleeve of long 10 ~ 12 centimetres, for being enclosed within muskmelon female flower or male flower, prevent insect contact Male and female flowers from carrying out the barrier means of pollinating.
There is following beneficial effect in the present invention:
1, greenhouse is utilized to carry out thick-skinned melon breeding, the flowering stage of all kinds of Curcurbitaceae wild species and vegetables can be avoided, reduce the probability of hybridization, the time that the greenhouse production of hybrid seeds is carried out pollinating is that late March is to early April, outside insect activity is less, reduce the purity reduction that insect pollination causes, substantially increase the purity of seed; And adopt greenhouse to carry out breeding, reduce the impact that adverse weather grows muskmelon, make the Quality and yield of the production of hybrid seeds more secure, improve the Quality and yield of the production of hybrid seeds.
2, after the muskmelon production of hybrid seeds terminates, greenhouse can change the vegetables planting other in time, is conducive to the availability improving greenhouse, promotes the comprehensive benefit that greenhouse uses.
3, by male parent training, reduce the disorderly competition of climing of male parent, make climing on male flower obtain better nutritional condition, male flower physically well develops, and pollen quantity increases, and is conducive to carrying out adopting powder; By the climing training of 3-4 hang climing after, be conducive to field management, make blade ventilation and penetrating light good, reduce disease incidence, the climing robust growth of 3-4, form that male flower quantity is many, quality good, is very beneficial for hybridization pollination; All male flowers be all growth on 3-4 root master is climing, by hang climing, smear stubble training after, male flower obtains good nutrition condition, Hua great, healthy and strong, and be more conducive to pollination operation, for the later stage, the quality of crossbreed provides favourable guarantee.
embodiment:
In order to make technical scheme of the present invention clearly understand, by embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated below.
Embodiment:
Experimental field: field trial is in thick-skinned melon breeding base, Chang Jia village, Tian Liu town, Shouguang City of Shandong Province, area 1.2 mu, plant maternal 2500 strains, the strain of plantation male parent 500, maternal and male parent is planted respectively, 1.4 meter of one furrow, plant two row, little line-spacing 0.6 meter, wide row space 0.8 meter, female parent strain distance 0.33 ~ 0.37 meter.Male parent spacing in the rows 0.28 ~ 0.32 meter.
Test kind: thick-skinned melon variety is " sparkling and crystal-clear snow ", and wooden seedling Co., Ltd of Shouguang City of Shandong Province three is from breeding.
Test method: 2 contrasts have been established in test, are the outdoor producing method for seed of traditional thick-skinned melon, and greenhouse of the present invention producing method for seed.
Greenhouse of the present invention producing method for seed step:
(1) adopt greenhouse by solar heat January early and middle ten days carry out thick-skinned melon sowing, the ratio of Parent is 1:6, male parent was than maternal planting early enough 7 days, the seedling age phase is about 20 days, when muskmelon seedling reaches 3 leaf 1 heart, selects fair weather to carry out field planting, male parent is planted in the medium position in greenhouse, planting density is maternal 2500 ~ 2800 plants/acre, and male parent is 3500 plants/acre, carries out first time impurity elimination strain before field planting according to the joint leaf length of seedling, blade shape and growth potential.
(2) water after field planting permeable, and carry out 1 ~ 2 time draw hoe after, lid mulch film.
(3) female parent carries out going alone training, hangs climing cultivation, hang climing after, when growing into 10 ~ 15 leaf, carry out second time impurity elimination; Carry out pinching during 20 ~ 22 leaf, staying melon to save position is 16 ~ 19 joints, son is climing grow after, carry out third time impurity elimination according to male parent and maternal growing state, male parent pruned, only stays the climing training of 3-4 bar, and carry out hanging climing cultivation, remaining lateral bud is all removed.
(4) selection 3 ~ 4 sons are climing pollinates, and after open front 1 afternoon 4 of female flower, the female flower like Kai Feikai is carried out emasculation, packages subsequently, carry out artificial hybridization pollination in order to the next morning 7-10 point with the special muskmelon paper bag folded; With bonding special muskmelon paper sleeve, the male flower that second day will open is packaged simultaneously, use when 7-10 point carried out artificial hybridization pollination in order to second day.
Within (5) second days, 5-7 point wins the male flower packaged, and 7-10 point carries out hybridization pollination to the female flower packaging emasculation, packages after pollination with body paper bag, along with hybridization after growth about 3-5 days of melon paper bag can come off.
(6) retain hybridization 3, melon, too much cause part melon oligotrophy, when hybridization melon grows to egg size, select fruit shapes good, supermature 2 melons, remove unnecessary melon.In muskmelon growth course, the 4th impurity elimination is carried out to muskmelon, will not extract in time by breeding melon.
(7) after muskmelon maturation, gather in time, after carrying out after-ripening in 3 ~ 5 days, get seed.
The outdoor producing method for seed of tradition thick-skinned melon:
(1) adopt open country to carry out the muskmelon production of hybrid seeds and carry out thick-skinned melon sowing at late March, the ratio of Parent is 1:5, male parent was than maternal planting early enough 7 days, the seedling age phase is about 20 days, when muskmelon seedling reaches 3 leaf 1 heart, selects fair weather to carry out field planting, male parent is planted in the medium position of seed farm, planting density is maternal 2800 plants/acre, and male parent is 3500 plants/acre, carries out first time impurity elimination strain before field planting according to the joint leaf length of seedling, blade shape and growth potential.
(2) male parent field planting is in mid-April, carries out when weather is fine, waters permeable after field planting, and after carrying out drawing hoe 1 ~ 2 time, lid mulch film.Maternal in male parent field planting field planting after 7 days, operate same male parent.
(3) sprawl growth is carried out to male parent, do not prune.Male parent stretch climing after, carry out second time impurity elimination according to leaf color, growth potential.Female parent carries out going alone training, hangs climing or support cultivation, after hanging climing or support, when growing into 10 ~ 15 leaf, carries out second time impurity elimination; Carry out pinching during maternal 20 ~ 22 leaf, staying melon to save position is 16 ~ 19 joints, son is climing grow after, carry out third time impurity elimination according to the young melon color of male parent blade shape, Ye Se and maternal blade shape, leaf look, young curcumbitate shape.
(4) select maternal 3 ~ 4 sons climing, by remaining, son is climing all removes.At open front 1 afternoon of female flower, the female flower like Kai Feikai is carried out emasculation, package with the special muskmelon paper bag folded subsequently, carried out artificial hybridization pollination in order to second day; With bonding special muskmelon paper sleeve, the male flower that second day will open is packaged simultaneously, use when carrying out artificial hybridization pollination in order to second day.
Within (5) second days, 5-7 point wins the male flower packaged, after inspection does not have insect to contact, for adopting powder pollination, 7-10 point carries out hybridization pollination to the female flower packaging emasculation, package with body paper bag after pollination, along with hybridization after growth about 3-5 days of melon paper sleeve can come off.
(6) maternal every strain retains hybridization 3, melon, and when hybridization melon grows to egg size, select fruit shapes good, supermature 2 melons, remove unnecessary melon.In muskmelon growth course, the 4th impurity elimination is carried out to muskmelon, will not extract in time by breeding melon.
(7) after muskmelon maturation, gather in time, after carrying out after-ripening in 3 ~ 5 days, get seed.
Experimental result:
The sparkling and crystal-clear snow of kind (middle fruit type thick-skinned melon), planting density 2700 strain number/667 m
2(strain)
By the experimental result of above embodiment, can find out, take greenhouse by solar heat to carry out the muskmelon production of hybrid seeds, greenhouse by solar heat environment is controlled, male parent prune after pollen development good, maternal growth is healthy and strong, single melon amount of setting seeds significantly increases, and thousand kernel weight obviously increases, and seed is full, seed purity is high, and output comparatively open country increases.The greenhouse by solar heat production of hybrid seeds can eliminate the impact of the adverse weather such as cold in the late spring, strong wind on the muskmelon production of hybrid seeds.
Claims (6)
1. a thick-skinned melon Greenhouse producing method for seed, is characterized in that production of hybrid seeds step is as follows:
A, employing greenhouse by solar heat carry out the thick-skinned melon production of hybrid seeds early spring, the ratio of Parent is 1:5, male parent was than maternal planting early enough 7 days, the seedling age phase is about 20 days, carries out field planting when muskmelon seedling reaches 3 leaf 1 heart, selects fair weather to carry out, male parent is planted in the medium position in greenhouse, carry out first time impurity elimination strain according to the growth power of seedling before field planting, remove with the young plant of extra-heavy special weak for growth, no longer field planting;
Water permeable after b, field planting, and after carrying out drawing hoe 1 ~ 2 time, lid mulch film;
C, training is gone alone to female parent, hangs climing cultivation, hang climing after, when growing into 10 ~ 15 leaf, carry out second time impurity elimination; Carry out pinching during 20 ~ 22 leaf, stay melon save position be 16 ~ 19 joint, son climing grow after, carry out third time impurity elimination;
D, select that 3 ~ 4 sons are climing pollinates, after open front 1 afternoon 4 of female flower, carry out emasculation to female flower, package with the muskmelon paper cover folded subsequently, the muskmelon paper cover simultaneously folded packages male flower;
e, second day 5-7 point win the male flower packaged, and 7-10 point carries out hybridization pollination to the female flower packaging emasculation, packages after pollination with body paper bag, along with hybridization after growth about 3-5 days of melon paper bag can come off;
When f, hybridization melon grow to egg size, select fruit shapes good, supermature 2 melons, unnecessary melon is removed, in muskmelon growth course, the 4th impurity elimination is carried out to muskmelon, will not extract in time by breeding melon, after muskmelon maturation, gather in time, after carrying out after-ripening in 3 ~ 5 days, get seed.
2. a kind of thick-skinned melon Greenhouse producing method for seed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step a during field planting, and planting density is maternal 2500 ~ 2800 plants/acre, and male parent is 3500 plants/acre.
3. a kind of thick-skinned melon Greenhouse producing method for seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in steps d, muskmelon paper bag is special muskmelon paper bag, the one end open be rolled into old newspaper comparatively large (diameter is 3 cm), one end is pinch confinement, the old newspaper sleeve of long 10 ~ 12 centimetres, is enclosed within muskmelon female flower or male flower.
4. a kind of thick-skinned melon Greenhouse producing method for seed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step e, a strain only retains three hybridization melons.
5. a kind of thick-skinned melon Greenhouse producing method for seed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: can also prune to male parent in step c, only stays the climing training of 3-4 bar, and carry out hanging climing cultivation, all removed by remaining lateral bud.
6. a kind of thick-skinned melon Greenhouse producing method for seed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step a, sowing time Shandong is early and middle ten days in January.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110235776A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-09-17 | 山东省寿光市三木种苗有限公司 | A kind of tomato heliogreenhouse producing method for seed |
| CN111357579A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-07-03 | 光泽县富民蔬菜专业合作社 | Method for improving commodity of Hami melons in pruning mode |
| CN113973707A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 廊坊市科龙种子有限公司 | Pollination method for muskmelon in seed reproduction bud period |
| CN115735761A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-07 | 安徽江艺天汇农业科技有限责任公司 | Seed production and yield increase method for thick-thin-skin intermediate type hybrid muskmelon |
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| CN104012293A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Thick-peel cucumis melon seed preparing method capable of lowering germination before harvesting |
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| CN104012293A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Thick-peel cucumis melon seed preparing method capable of lowering germination before harvesting |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110235776A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-09-17 | 山东省寿光市三木种苗有限公司 | A kind of tomato heliogreenhouse producing method for seed |
| CN110235776B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2023-05-02 | 山东省寿光市三木种苗有限公司 | Tomato sunlight greenhouse seed production method |
| CN111357579A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-07-03 | 光泽县富民蔬菜专业合作社 | Method for improving commodity of Hami melons in pruning mode |
| CN113973707A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 廊坊市科龙种子有限公司 | Pollination method for muskmelon in seed reproduction bud period |
| CN115735761A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-07 | 安徽江艺天汇农业科技有限责任公司 | Seed production and yield increase method for thick-thin-skin intermediate type hybrid muskmelon |
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