CN103270885B - Pollination method for radish breeding materials - Google Patents
Pollination method for radish breeding materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN103270885B CN103270885B CN201310246907.1A CN201310246907A CN103270885B CN 103270885 B CN103270885 B CN 103270885B CN 201310246907 A CN201310246907 A CN 201310246907A CN 103270885 B CN103270885 B CN 103270885B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pollination method for radish breeding materials. The pollination method includes the steps of radish seed selection, radish planting, radish management after planting, mesh enclosure setup, thinning and supporting, manual powdering, pollination period management and seed harvesting. Radish management after planting includes watering, fertilization and pest elimination; thinning refers to cleaning radish branches in the early flowering stage of radishes and retaining 3-5 branches on each single plant; supporting refers to fixing each radish single plant and tightening the radish branches of a dispersed plant type; mesh enclosure setup refers to setting up a mesh enclosure according to the number of the materials after transplanting survival of the radishes, compacting the bottom of the mesh enclosure, fixing the outside of the mesh enclosure and mounting a wire drawing door on a narrow side of the mesh enclosure; and manual powdering refers to gradually powdering different flowers of the same plant or different single plants of the same material without pollution or damage. The pollination method is simple in process, insect pollination can be effectively prevented, mixed pollination is avoided, loss of beneficial genes of the radish materials can be avoided, and seed production cannot be affected by environmental factors.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pollinating method of breeding material in crop breeding process, relate in particular to a kind of pollinating method of radish breeding material.
Background technology
Rhaphanus brassicaceous vegetable, cross pollinated plant, selfing is degenerated serious, and outcrossing is normal, and this is that radish biological property determines.But in radish breeding process, in order to reach breeding objective, often will carry out manual operations (as selfing, sexual hybridization etc.) to the breeding material florescence, this Pollination Modes efficiency is extremely low, often cause radish shaky and lose material.On the one hand for purifying radish breeding material, must eliminate unfavorable proterties (this is to be based upon on certain colony basis) by selfing, if by artificial autocopulation or sexual hybridization, the radish seed limited amount of acquisition, progeny selection colony narrows to affect and selects effect; After isozygotying substantially, radish material needs to expand on the other hand material quantity, now only be nowhere near by artificial autocopulation's method, therefore radish breeding material purifying is a pair of contrary contradiction with expanding numerous, along with radish selfing generation increases, radish self-fertility is more difficult, solid hardly, likely cause radish beneficial gene loss, must find a kind of effective method could solve.
In radish breeding process, manually, to the pollination of radish column cap, the reason that ripening rate declines may have:
(1) be that radish has not affinity characteristic of selfing, continuously many generations of selfing, the affinity decline of column cap and pollen, thereby bagging selfing and artificial hybridization ripening rate significantly decline; Backcross material due to continuous backcross, by transformation parent's self-incompatibillity transformation in sterile material, then backcross with sterile material, shows Parent and all there is incompatibility, thereby fecundity is poor.
(2) be that change has occurred pollination environment, the necessary bagging of selfing and artificial hybridization and artificial stripping flower bud, manual operations may cause damage to bud or column cap, thereby changed flower bud development process and pollination environment, or bud (column cap) is subject to the stimulation physiology obstacle of external environment and reduces pollination ability.
(3) be the long-term bagging of Yin Luobu, raise with temperature, in flower bag, an excess Temperature may cause Pollen Activity to decline, or pollen is lost and fallen to causing pollen amount to reduce in the time winning, pollinate.
(4) be relevant with testing crew operative skill;
(5) be possible supply relevantly with nutriment, some plant shows early ageing phenomenon, after plant pollination because oligotrophy cannot be solid.
The Pollination Modes that current most breeding units is taked radish material acquisition seed is still selfing or hybridization, radish breeding material still needs to adopt the way of artificial pollination to obtain selfed seed or hybrid seed, but this mode has little effect, be necessary to seek new method solution radish selfing or the problem of cross-fertile.
Above-mentioned known, be necessary prior art further perfect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention obtains in order to solve existing radish material the Pollination Modes process trouble that seed is taked, pollination quality is poor, seed growth speed is slow, problems such as ripening rate is low and propose a kind of simple, convenient, pollination quality is high, seed growth speed is fast, the pollinating method of the radish breeding material that fecundity is good.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The pollinating method of above-mentioned radish breeding material, it comprises the following steps:
(S01) radish seed selection
According to breeding objective requirement, at radish fleshy root expanding stage, radish is chosen seeds respectively according to type, fertility, the same type of material that meets breeding objective is picked out; Meanwhile, selected material is only retained to the blade of 10～12cm, fleshy root removes the tip of a root and with ash, fresh otch is sterilized, and after ash is dry, transplants;
(S02) radish plantation
Selection meets the soil of planting requirement transplants, and when transplanting, first respectively inbred line material, sterile line material and maintainer material is delimited to specification, then beats nest and transplants, backfill consolidation after planting, pouring " normal root water " in 2nd～3 days after planting;
(S03) radish is managed after planting
(S031) water: after transplanting, the material of lack of water is watered for the second time after extraction young leaves, water for the third time depending on soil moisture situation at bolting duration of flowering; (S032) fertilising: apply fertilizer for the first time after radish transplant survival, spread manuer in holes again once for 1～2 week after applying fertilizer for the first time; (S033) remove the evil: remove weeds in field, the dead plant in cleaning field, carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(S04) guard is built
After radish transplant survival, how much build guard according to material; By guard bottom compacting, guard outside is fixing, and wire drawing door is installed on the narrow limit of guard;
(S05) sparse branching and helping
(S051) sparse branching: come into bloom radish, to the cleaning of radish branch, each individual plant retains 3～5 branches, and all the other branches are all destroyed; (S052) helping: each radish individual plant is fixed, and the radish branch that plant type is disperseed tightens up;
(S06) manually put on powder
At duration of flowering, manually put on powder every day (except the rainy day) at 10～16 o'clock; Enter before guard at every turn, need the following article of band: 75% alcohol, work clothes, plastic foam, food preserving bag, towel and the bucket that fills clear water; Enter after guard at every turn, first shut up the door carefully, lock wire drawing; Then put on work clothes, first use 75% alcohol both hands surface sterilization; The described inbred line material method of putting on powder is that plastic foam in food preserving bag is taken out and held in the right hand, holds flower with left hand, smears with foam on homophyletic difference flowers; The described sterile line material method of putting on powder is first on described maintainer material, to smear with plastic foam, then the plastic foam of the pollen with maintainer material is smeared in described sterile line material; After having smeared, wash one's hands with clear water, dry with dry towel handle, then use 75% alcohol disinfecting both hands, carry out next material pollination; Wherein, while smearing for the first time, only main branch is pinched; While smearing for the second time, other primary branch is all pinched; While smearing for the third time, all secondary branches and following branch are removed, only retain 3～5 of primary branchs; After smearing for the 4th time, unopened bud is removed; Each material pollination 3～5 times, every minor tick 1～3 day;
Each pollination finishes, and shuts guard door, locks wire drawing;
(S07) pollination period management
After the pollination of radish material finishes, clear up in time branch, the invalid branch of rear is removed; The radish florescence is used insecticide control insect pest 1～2 time; Florescence finishes the rear guard of dismantling in time;
(S08) seed results
When radish angle fruit starts flavescence, gather in the crops, gather according to kernel maturing, through after-ripening threshing in 3～5 days in batches.
The pollinating method of described radish breeding material, wherein: described in described step (S01), transplanting ground is the soil of vacateing after vacant lot or radish seed selection.
The pollinating method of described radish breeding material, wherein: in described step (S02), the line-spacing of inbred line material is 120cm, and spacing in the rows is 60cm; Described sterile line material line-spacing is 60cm, spacing in the rows 60cm; Described maintainer material line-spacing is 80cm, and spacing in the rows is 60cm; When transplanting, transplant according to a definite sequence, when cultivation, radish is upright and reserve a manway, and label is inserted in material the first row the first strain side of leaving manway towards consistent direction.
The pollinating method of described radish breeding material, wherein: fertilising for the first time described in described step (S032) is converted urea with pig manure water and drenched filling, within described 1～2 week after applying fertilizer for the first time, spreads manuer in holes once with urea again.
The pollinating method of described radish breeding material, wherein: the guard described in described step (S04) is to build with the trunk of diameter 6～7cm, every 300～400cm, a trunk is installed, the high 300cm of trunk, 20cm wherein buries, trunk surrounding is fixed with earth or is driven piles fixing, trunk top surrounding is fixed trunk with the iron wire of diameter 0.12cm, top intersects fixing and wraps up at the place plastic film that has joint with the iron wire of diameter 0.12cm, earth or concrete column compacting for bottom, guard outside is fixed with nylon wire; In the time that the described guard in described step (S04) is larger, in the middle of described guard for trunk support, four jiaos with trunk or the outside diagonal brace of steel pipe and adopt 40～60 object nylon wires to cover, how many its length and width can regulate according to material, guard height 300cm, wherein vertical height 280cm, 20cm buries.
The pollinating method of described radish breeding material, wherein: when described step (S05) is also included in sparse branching, the proterties such as radish fertility, flowering habit are observed to record, with food preserving bag, plastic foam is wrapped and hung in each material the first strain simultaneously.
The pollinating method of described radish breeding material, wherein: while pollination in described step (S06), action wants light, if inbred line material purity is higher, can between the different flowers of same material, smear.
The pollinating method of described radish breeding material, wherein: described step (S07) also comprises breeding material is registered, and checks material plant trait, fertility, floral organ structure.
The pollinating method of described radish breeding material, wherein: seed described in described step (S08) comprises the maintainer seed of gathering in the crops on the male-sterile seed gathered in the crops in the inbred line seed gathered in the crops on inbred line material, sterile line material and maintainer material.
Beneficial effect:
The pollinating method of radish breeding material of the present invention utilizes the feature that radish is insect pollination, has thoroughly changed traditional radish breeding material Pollination Modes in the situation that of strict control worm source.In guard, simulate natural surroundings condition, effectively prevent that insect from entering pollination in guard.Radish Pollination Modes changes by artificial cabage-type rape the pollination of manually putting on powder into, can not damage column cap, has kept floral organ in the raw, has improved pollination quality, thereby has improved radish self-fruitful rate.Moreover the gradation of manually putting on powder is progressively carried out, and has increased Pollination Times, strengthen the meeting of gynoecium (column cap) pollination machine, ensure that radish material beneficial gene can not lose, avoid cannot producing by operating influence seed because of weather reason, reduce seed production cost.Different materials classification plantation when plantation, storeroom keeps enough gaps, has prevented that radish branch from intersecting or manual operation health band pollen causes and mixes.Radish manually put on powder technology to plant carried out sparse branching, pinched, helping processing, given prominence to radish individual plant advantage, reduced radish nutrient consumption, only retained 3～5 branches for the first time, be conducive to nutrient and shift to seed.By the sparse branching processing of pinching, the radish florescence is relatively concentrated, once the successful endosperm of inseminating can grow rapidly, thereby seed fast growth, fecundity is good, seed kernel is full, color is good.
Embodiment
The pollinating method of radish breeding material of the present invention, comprises the steps:
S01, radish seed selection
According to breeding objective requirement, at radish fleshy root expanding stage, to radish classification seed selection, the material that meets breeding objective is picked out; To selected material, remove most of blade, only retain the blade of 10～12cm, fleshy root removes the tip of a root, and with ash, fresh otch is sterilized, and after ash is dry, transplants; Wherein, in radish when seed selection, must be according to type, choose seeds respectively according to fertility, and same type of material is planted in same region, so that pollination operation.
S02, radish plantation
Select the soil of vacateing after vacant lot or radish seed selection to transplant, when transplanting, delimit specification, beat nest and transplant; The line-spacing of inbred line material is 120cm, and spacing in the rows is 60cm; The line-spacing of sterile line material is 60cm, and spacing in the rows is 60cm; The line-spacing 80cm of maintainer material, spacing in the rows is 60cm; When transplanting, transplant according to a definite sequence, when cultivation, radish is upright, backfill consolidation after planting, the 2nd day or pouring " normal root water " in the 3rd day after planting, when transplanting, to reserve a manway (the wide about 100cm in aisle), label is inserted in material the first row the first strain side of leaving manway, and label is towards should be consistent.
S03, radish are managed after planting
S031, water: after transplanting, can water for the second time after radish is extracted young leaves out to the serious material of arid, water for the third time depending on soil moisture situation at bolting duration of flowering;
S032, fertilising: after radish transplant survival, convert urea with pig manure water and drench filling, within 1～2 week after applying fertilizer for the first time, spread manuer in holes again once with urea;
S033, remove the evil: remove weeds in field, the dead plant in cleaning field, note the extermination of disease and insect pest.
S04, guard are built
After radish transplant survival, build guard with the trunk of diameter 6～7cm, every 300～400cm, a trunk is installed, the high 300cm of trunk, the 20cm that wherein buries, trunk surrounding is fixed (also can drive piles fixing) with earth.Trunk top surrounding is fixed trunk with the iron wire of diameter 0.12cm, guard top also intersects fixing with the iron wire of diameter 0.12cm, wrap up at the place plastic film that has joint, avoid hanging breaking guard, when guard is larger, for can be in the middle of the guard, trunk supports, trunk or the outside diagonal brace of steel pipe for four jiaos of guards;
How many guard length and width can regulate according to material, guard height 300cm (vertical height 280cm, base portion bury 20cm), and guard for well, is installed wire drawing door on the narrow limit of guard with 40～60 object nylon wires, so that work turnover guard;
After surviving, radish to, in time by guard cover, shut guard door; Wherein, in the time that guard is installed, guard earth or concrete column compacting for bottom, and fix with nylon wire in guard outside, drive guard with Anti-blow-open.
S05, sparse branching and helping
S051, sparse branching: come into bloom radish, to the cleaning of radish branch, each individual plant retains 3～5 branches, and all the other branches are all destroyed;
S052, helping: each radish individual plant fixedly prevents lodging with small bamboo helping, and the radish that plant type is disperseed is tightened up branch fixing with nylon wire;
In the time of sparse branching, the proterties such as radish fertility, flowering habit are observed to record, with food preserving bag, plastic foam is wrapped simultaneously and hang in each material the first strain, to use while putting on powder.
S06, manually put on powder
At duration of flowering, all can manually put on powder 10～16 o'clock every days (except the rainy day), while entering guard, need be with following article: 75% alcohol, work clothes, plastic foam, food preserving bag, towel, fill the bucket of clear water;
When each network access cover, first shut up the door carefully, lock wire drawing; Then operating personnel put on white work clothes, first use 75% alcohol both hands surface sterilization; The inbred line material method of putting on powder is that the plastic foam in food preserving bag is taken out and held in the right hand, holds flower with left hand, smears on the different flowers of homophyletic with foam, if material purity is higher, also can between the different flowers of same material, smear; The sterile line material method of putting on powder is first on maintainer material, to smear with plastic foam, then the plastic foam of the pollen with maintainer material is smeared in sterile line material; A material is regained plastic foam to seal after putting on powder and finishing and is put in food preserving bag, then is hanging in this material the first row first strain, to use next time; After having smeared, wash one's hands with clear water, dry with dry towel handle, then use 75% alcohol disinfecting both hands, carry out next material pollination, carry out successively; Wherein, when pollination, action wants light, avoids between different materials branch to intersect and operating personnel's health band pollen causes and mixes; While smearing for the first time, only main branch is pinched; While smearing for the second time, other primary branch is all pinched; While smearing for the third time, all secondary branches and following branch are removed, only retain 5～10 of primary branchs; After smearing for the 4th time, unopened bud is removed; Each material pollination 3～5 times, every minor tick 1～3 day;
While going out guard, also to shut up the door carefully at every turn, lock wire drawing, prevent that other honeybee, butterfly from entering.
S07, pollination period management
Radish material pollination finishes rear timely cleaning branch, and the invalid branch of rear is removed, and reduces nutrient loss, rests point to concentrate on radish seed and grow above, has the raising of utilization radish seed thousand kernel weight;
Easily there is aphid, cabbage caterpillar harm in the radish florescence, with insecticide control insect pest 1～2 time;
Breeding material is conscientiously registered, check material plant trait, fertility, floral organ structure etc., prevent that material from makeing mistakes;
Florescence finishes the rear guard of dismantling in time, avoids damaging plant, and guard cleans and shines dry-storage, and next year is for subsequent use.
S08, seed results
When starting flavescence, radish angle fruit gathers in the crops, can gather according to kernel maturing, through after-ripening threshing in 3～5 days, the seed of gathering in the crops on inbred line material was inbred line seed in batches, the seed of gathering in the crops in sterile line material is male-sterile seed, and the seed of gathering in the crops on maintainer material is maintainer seed.
Process of the present invention is simple, and it carries out under isolation condition, can effectively prevent that insect from entering pollination in guard; Different materials classification plantation when plantation, storeroom keeps enough gaps, has prevented that radish branch from intersecting or manual operation health band pollen causes and mixes; Meanwhile, sparse branching, pinch, helping processes outstanding radish individual plant advantage, reduces radish nutrient consumption, seed is full, color is good; Moreover the gradation of manually putting on powder is progressively carried out, increase pollination machine meeting, ensured that radish material beneficial gene can not lose, avoided because of weather reason cannot operating influence seed output.
Claims (9)
1. a pollinating method for radish breeding material, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(S01) radish seed selection
According to breeding objective requirement, at radish fleshy root expanding stage, radish is chosen seeds respectively according to type, fertility, the same type of material that meets breeding objective is picked out; Meanwhile, selected material is only retained to the blade of 10～12cm, fleshy root removes the tip of a root and with ash, fresh otch is sterilized, and after ash is dry, transplants;
(S02) radish plantation
Selection meets the soil of planting requirement transplants, and when transplanting, first respectively inbred line material, sterile line material and maintainer material is delimited to specification, then beats nest and transplants, backfill consolidation after planting, pouring " normal root water " in 2nd～3 days after planting;
(S03) radish is managed after planting
(S031) water: after transplanting, the material of lack of water is watered for the second time after extraction young leaves, water for the third time depending on soil moisture situation at bolting duration of flowering;
(S032) fertilising: apply fertilizer for the first time after radish transplant survival, spread manuer in holes again once for 1～2 week after applying fertilizer for the first time;
(S033) remove the evil: remove weeds in field, the dead plant in cleaning field, carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(S04) guard is built
After radish transplant survival, how much build guard according to material; By guard bottom compacting, guard outside is fixing, and wire drawing door is installed on the narrow limit of guard;
(S05) sparse branching and helping
(S051) sparse branching: come into bloom radish, to the cleaning of radish branch, each individual plant retains 3～5 branches, and all the other branches are all destroyed;
(S052) helping: each radish individual plant is fixed, and the radish branch that plant type is disperseed tightens up;
(S06) manually put on powder
At duration of flowering, except the rainy day, manually put on powder every day at 10～16 o'clock;
Enter before guard at every turn, need the following article of band: 75% alcohol, work clothes, plastic foam, food preserving bag, towel and the bucket that fills clear water;
Enter after guard at every turn, first shut up the door carefully, lock wire drawing; Then put on work clothes, first use 75% alcohol both hands surface sterilization; The described inbred line material method of putting on powder is that plastic foam in food preserving bag is taken out and held in the right hand, holds flower with left hand, smears with foam on homophyletic difference flowers; The described sterile line material method of putting on powder is first on described maintainer material, to smear with plastic foam, then the plastic foam of the pollen with maintainer material is smeared in described sterile line material; After having smeared, wash one's hands with clear water, dry with dry towel handle, then use 75% alcohol disinfecting both hands, carry out next material pollination; Wherein, while smearing for the first time, only main branch is pinched; While smearing for the second time, other primary branch is all pinched; While smearing for the third time, all secondary branches and following branch are removed, only retain 3～5 of primary branchs; After smearing for the 4th time, unopened bud is removed; Each material pollination 3～5 times, every minor tick 1～3 day;
Each pollination finishes, and shuts guard door, locks wire drawing;
(S07) pollination period management
After the pollination of radish material finishes, clear up in time branch, the invalid branch of rear is removed; The radish florescence is used insecticide control insect pest 1～2 time; Florescence finishes the rear guard of dismantling in time;
(S08) seed results
When radish angle fruit starts flavescence, gather in the crops, gather according to kernel maturing, through after-ripening threshing in 3～5 days in batches.
2. the pollinating method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (S01), transplanting ground is the soil of vacateing after vacant lot or radish seed selection.
3. the pollinating method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (S02), the line-spacing of inbred line material is 120cm, and spacing in the rows is 60cm; Described sterile line material line-spacing is 60cm, spacing in the rows 60cm; Described maintainer material line-spacing is 80cm, and spacing in the rows is 60cm; When transplanting, transplant according to a definite sequence, when cultivation, radish is upright and reserve a manway, and label is inserted in material the first row the first strain side of leaving manway towards consistent direction.
4. the pollinating method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: fertilising for the first time described in described step (S032) is converted urea with pig manure water and drenched filling, within described 1～2 week after applying fertilizer for the first time, spreads manuer in holes once with urea again.
5. the pollinating method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the guard described in described step (S04) is to build with the trunk of diameter 6～7cm, every 300～400cm, a trunk is installed, the high 300cm of trunk, 20cm wherein buries, trunk surrounding is fixed with earth or is driven piles fixing, trunk top surrounding is fixed trunk with the iron wire of diameter 0.12cm, top intersects fixing and wraps up at the place plastic film that has joint with the iron wire of diameter 0.12cm, earth or concrete column compacting for bottom, guard outside is fixed with nylon wire;
In the time that the described guard in described step (S04) is larger, in the middle of described guard, support with trunk, four jiaos with trunk or the outside diagonal brace of steel pipe and adopt 40～60 object nylon wires to cover, how many its length and width regulate according to material, guard height 300cm, wherein vertical height 280cm, 20cm buries.
6. the pollinating method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when described step (S05) is also included in sparse branching, radish fertility, flowering habit proterties are observed to record, with food preserving bag, plastic foam is wrapped and hung in each material the first strain simultaneously.
7. the pollinating method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: while pollination in described step (S06), action wants light, if inbred line material purity is higher, between the different flowers of same material, smears.
8. the pollinating method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (S07) also comprises breeding material is registered, and checks material plant trait, fertility, floral organ structure.
9. the pollinating method of radish breeding material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: seed described in described step (S08) comprises the maintainer seed of gathering in the crops on the male-sterile seed gathered in the crops in the inbred line seed gathered in the crops on inbred line material, sterile line material and maintainer material.
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| CN104472203A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 贵州省草业研究所 | Method of improving Huaxi gray radish new variety breeding |
| CN105145088B (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-08-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of implantation methods of radish germ plasm resource |
| CN105165600B (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-11-21 | 武汉市蔬菜科学研究所 | A kind of breeding method of the red skin radish cytoplasmic male new sterile line of circle |
| CN112715303A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Breeding method for resistance of cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus |
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