CN107173153A - A kind of method that utilization two-stage method cultivates Queensland nut grafting seedlings - Google Patents
A kind of method that utilization two-stage method cultivates Queensland nut grafting seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN107173153A CN107173153A CN201710408497.4A CN201710408497A CN107173153A CN 107173153 A CN107173153 A CN 107173153A CN 201710408497 A CN201710408497 A CN 201710408497A CN 107173153 A CN107173153 A CN 107173153A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method that utilization two-stage method cultivates Queensland nut grafting seedlings, belong to seedling-raising technique field;Including grafting Managing small seeding, two steps of grafting big seedling cultivation, specially using two-stage method, grafting Managing small seeding is first carried out, bud thinning is carried out after the wheel blade of bud first grown in scion is stable, cultivates first layer branch, timely pinching or cutting back;After seedling first layer branch to be grafted is aging, chooses healthy and strong disease-free grafting seedling and be transplanted to cultivation in the environmentally friendly non-woven fabrics nutrient bags of 25 × 35cm, cultivate the branch of higher level number;Carry out soil, fertilizer, water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;Through cultivate within 8 ~ 12 months height up to 130 more than cm, take out tip rugosity up to more than 1cm, take out tip length up to more than 70cm, branch amount up to the grafting seedlings of more than 6;Present invention management is convenient, it is possible to increase transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks, shortens the seedling management time, reduces management cost, it is to avoid occur the inferior seedling phenomenon of the undergrowth such as " dwarf's seedling ", " old man's seedling " after planting seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of Queensland nut grafting seedlings, and in particular to one kind cultivates Australia using two-stage method
The method of continent nut grafting seedlings, belongs to fruit tree seedling culture technical field.
Background technology
Queensland nut(Macadamia spp.)Also known as macadamia, originates in Australia, belongs to Proteaceae
(Proteaceae)Queensland nut belongs to(Macadamia F. Mull), it is the emerging perennial woody oil tree in torrid areas
With high-grade nut fruits crop.China about introduced Queensland nut in 1910, but until just started commerciality in 1980 or so
Plantation.At present, about 1,500,000 mu of the cultivated area of China's Queensland nut, but annual production meets far away the consumption demand of the country, supply and demand
Breach is very big so that Queensland nut industrial prospect is very wide.In the world among numerous dry fruits, the economic valency of Queensland nut
It is worth highest, usually enjoys singing the praises of for " king of nut ".
Current Queensland nut seedling is leading using grafting, wherein based on conventional grafting, also a small amount of bud stock grafting
Seedling.Height generally has 70~80cm when conventional grafting goes out garden, and field planting crop field is after 1 year, and 110~120cm of height of seedling is colonized crop field 2
Between 1~2 year after Nian Hou, 150~160cm of height of seedling, but field planting crop field, due to management effects such as field region wide, water, fertilizer, grass
Differ greatly, nursery stock is still with the presence of slow-growing, uneven phenomenon;When bud stock grafting seedling goes out garden height generally only have 30~
40cm, goes out garden and is colonized crop field after 2 years, height of seedling still only has 50~60cm, and seedling growth is extremely slow, and seedling field planting is big
Field, resistance is poor, and planting survival rates are normally only 70% or so.With the development of Queensland nut industry, market is to seedling specification
It is required that tending to variation, some users reduce management cost to shorten the seedling management time, more they tend to use large nursery stocks kind
Plant;Planted using seedlings, it is ensured that after planting seedlings, plant restoration ecosystem is fast, it is to avoid " dwarf's seedling ", " old man's seedling " etc. grow not
Good inferior seedling.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that utilization two-stage method cultivates Queensland nut grafting seedlings, this method is simple
It is easy, transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks can be improved, shortens the seedling management time, management cost is reduced.
To realize the purpose of foregoing invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
A kind of method that utilization two-stage method cultivates Queensland nut grafting seedlings, including grafting Managing small seeding, grafting big seedling cultivation, tool
Body comprises the following steps:
(1)Grafting Managing small seeding:Scion of damaging is prevented after grafting, at any time water drenching moisturizing;The sprout tillers erased in time on stock, is treated
Bud thinning is carried out after the wheel blade of bud first stabilization grown in scion, 1 upright bud of stalwartness is selected and remain and continues to grow into trunk, 2 ~ 3 points
Branch angle is in 30 ~ 60 ° of lateral bud culture first layer branch, branch length to pinching during 25 ~ 30cm or cutting back;Prevent and treat anthrax in time
The pest and disease damages such as disease, ant, thrips, aphid;Start after most of scion is sprouted fertilising, with promote the quick thickening of nursery stock increase and
Branch is aging;
(2)Grafting big seedling cultivation:After seedling first layer branch to be grafted is aging, chooses healthy and strong disease-free grafting seedling and be transplanted to 25
In the environmentally friendly non-woven fabrics nutrient bags of × 35cm, put by seeding row spacing 25cm × 25cm, pour root water, make soil and root
Contiguity, the shading net for pulling on shading rate 50% ~ 70% shades 3 ~ 4 days;The bud first round grown on seedling first layer branch to be grafted
Carry out bud thinning to cultivate the branch of higher level number after leaf is stable;Soil, fertilizer, water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are carried out, through 8 ~ 12 months
Cultivate into height up to more than 130cm, smoke tip rugosity up to more than 1cm, smoke tip length up to 70 more than cm, branch amount up to more than 6
Grafting seedlings.
Step(1)Described fertilising:Start fertilising after most of scion is sprouted, 1 percetage by weight was applied every 15 days
For 0.2% low-phosphorous composite fertilizer's liquid manure, wherein N:P:K is 13:2:13, until the first time tip stablizes aging.
Step(2)The culture of described higher level number branch, specific method is:Treat trunk terminal bud from last branching-point 30
Truncation when ~ 40cm is long, selects and remain 1 upright bud of stalwartness and continues to grow into trunk, lateral bud culture of 2 ~ 3 crotch angles at 30 ~ 60 °
Second layer branch, every layer of branch is mutually staggered in the dimensional orientation of tree crown, each branch length to pinching during 25 ~ 30cm or cutting back
Promote its branch to cultivate side shoot, the like operation, cultivate higher level number branch.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1)During the grafting seedlings field planting cultivated using the present invention, without divesting nutrient bag, root is hindered in reduction, and transplanting survival rate is up to 98
More than %.
(2)Grafting seedling is cultivated into grafting seedlings by the present invention in nursery, is conducive to concentrating manpower, financial resources, fertility, contracting
The short seedling management time, reduce management cost.
(3)Restoration ecosystem is fast after the grafting seedlings field planting cultivated using the present invention, it is to avoid occur " dwarf after planting seedlings
The inferior seedling phenomenon of the undergrowth such as seedling ", " old man's seedling ", 2 ~ 3 years after field planting start test manufacture of bearing fruit, and are carried than the field planting of conventional grafting
Enter the economic well-being of workers and staff phase within first 1 year, shorten the investment time limit, reduce building well cost of investment.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below by example, these examples are only used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit
The scope of the present invention processed.
Embodiment 1
H is cultivated using two-stage method using step in detail below2Queensland nut grafting seedlings:
1st, grafting Managing small seeding:
(1)Scion of damaging is prevented after grafting, at any time water drenching moisturizing;
(2)The sprout tillers erased in time on stock, carries out bud thinning after the wheel blade of bud first grown in scion is stable, selects and remain 2 points
Branch angle is in 30 ~ 60 ° of lateral bud culture first layer branch, branch length to pinching during 25 cm or cutting back;
(3)The pest and disease damages such as anthracnose, ant, thrips, aphid are prevented and treated in time, 70 wt.% first are selected in anthracnose early stage
800 times of liquid of base thiophanate wettable powder are prevented and treated;Ant cause harm period using 25% 500 times of liquid of dimehypo spray into
Row preventing and treating;Prevented and treated in aphid period of causing harm using the spraying of 50 wt.% Aphoxs wettable powder, 3000 times of liquid;Using it is happy this
1500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating stinkbug classes of this missible oil and thrips;Moth class is prevented and treated using 1000 times of liquid sprayings of Dipel;
(4)Start fertilising after most of scion is sprouted, 1 low-phosphorous composite fertilizer of 0.2 wt.% was applied every 15 days(N:P:K=13:2:
13)Liquid manure, until the first time tip stablizes aging, to promote the quick thickening of nursery stock to increase;
2nd, grafting big seedling cultivation:
(1)After seedling first layer branch to be grafted is aging, chooses healthy and strong disease-free grafting seedling and be transplanted to 25 × 35cm environment friend
In good type non-woven fabrics nutrient bag, put by seeding row spacing 25cm × 25cm, pour root water, soil is touched with root;
(2)The high cool canopies of 2 m are set up, the shading net of shading rate 50% is pulled on, shaded 4 days;
(3)Soil fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:With reference to grafting Managing small seeding;
(4)Truncation when trunk terminal bud is long from last branching-point 30cm, selects and remain 1 upright bud of stalwartness and continues to grow into trunk, 2
Lateral bud culture second layer branch of the individual crotch angle at 30 ~ 60 °, every layer of branch is mutually staggered in the dimensional orientation of tree crown, every time
Branch length to pinching during 25cm or cutting back promotees its branch to cultivate side shoot, the like operation, cultivate higher level number branch;
Through cultivate within 8 ~ 12 months height up to more than 130cm, take out tip rugosity up to more than 1cm, take out tip length up to 70 more than cm, branch amount
Up to the grafting seedlings of more than 6.
Embodiment 2
O.C. Queensland nut grafting seedlings are cultivated using two-stage method using step in detail below:
1st, grafting Managing small seeding:
(1)Scion of damaging is prevented after grafting, at any time water drenching moisturizing;
(2)The sprout tillers erased in time on stock, carries out bud thinning after the wheel blade of bud first grown in scion is stable, selects and remain 3 points
Branch angle is in 30 ~ 60 ° of lateral bud culture first layer branch, branch length to pinching during 30 cm or cutting back;
(3)The pest and disease damages such as anthracnose, ant, thrips, aphid are prevented and treated in time, 70 wt.% first are selected in anthracnose early stage
1000 times of liquid of base thiophanate wettable powder are prevented and treated;Cause harm period using 20% killing chrysanthemum ester, 1500 times of liquid sprayings in ant
Prevented and treated;Prevented and treated in aphid period of causing harm using the spraying of 50 wt.% Aphoxs wettable powder, 5000 times of liquid;Using pleasure
1500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating stinkbug classes of this this missible oil and thrips;Moth class is prevented and treated using 1000 times of liquid sprayings of Dipel;
(4)Start fertilising after most of scion is sprouted, 1 low-phosphorous composite fertilizer of 0.2 wt.% was applied every 15 days(N:P:K=13:2:
13)Liquid manure, until the first time tip stablizes aging, to promote the quick thickening of nursery stock to increase;
2nd, grafting big seedling cultivation:
(1)After seedling first layer branch to be grafted is aging, chooses healthy and strong disease-free grafting seedling and be transplanted to 25 × 35cm environment friend
In good type non-woven fabrics nutrient bag, put by seeding row spacing 25cm × 25cm, pour root water, soil is touched with root;
(2)The high cool canopies of 2 m are set up, the % of shading rate 70 shading net is pulled on, shaded 3 days;
(3)Soil fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:With reference to grafting Managing small seeding;
(4)Truncation when trunk terminal bud is long from last branching-point 40cm, selects and remain 1 upright bud of stalwartness and continues to grow into trunk, 3
Lateral bud culture second layer branch of the individual crotch angle at 30 ~ 60 °, every layer of branch is mutually staggered in the dimensional orientation of tree crown, every time
Branch length to pinching during 30cm or cutting back promotees its branch to cultivate side shoot, the like operation, cultivate higher level number branch;
Through cultivate within 8 ~ 12 months height up to more than 130cm, take out tip rugosity up to more than 1cm, take out tip length and reached up to more than 70cm, branch amount
The grafting seedlings of more than 6.
Embodiment 3
O.C. Queensland nut grafting seedlings are cultivated using two-stage method using step in detail below:
1st, grafting Managing small seeding:
(1)Scion of damaging is prevented after grafting, at any time water drenching moisturizing;
(2)The sprout tillers erased in time on stock, carries out bud thinning after the wheel blade of bud first grown in scion is stable, selects and remain 3 points
Branch angle is in 30 ~ 60 ° of lateral bud culture first layer branch, branch length to pinching during 30 cm or cutting back;
(3)The pest and disease damages such as anthracnose, ant, thrips, aphid are prevented and treated in time, 70wt.% methyl is selected in anthracnose early stage
900 times of liquid of thiophanate wettable powder are prevented and treated;Carried out in ant period of causing harm using 25% 5600 times of liquid of dimehypo spraying
Preventing and treating;Prevented and treated in aphid period of causing harm using the spraying of 50 wt.% Aphoxs wettable powder, 4000 times of liquid;Using Le Siben
1500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating stinkbug classes of missible oil and thrips;Moth class is prevented and treated using 1000 times of liquid sprayings of Dipel;
(4)Start fertilising after most of scion is sprouted, 1 low-phosphorous composite fertilizer of 0.2 wt.% was applied every 15 days(N:P:K=13:2:
13)Liquid manure, until the first time tip stablizes aging, to promote the quick thickening of nursery stock to increase;
2nd, grafting big seedling cultivation:
(1)After seedling first layer branch to be grafted is aging, chooses healthy and strong disease-free grafting seedling and be transplanted to 25 × 35cm environment friend
In good type non-woven fabrics nutrient bag, put by seeding row spacing 25cm × 25cm, pour root water, soil is touched with root;
(2)The high cool canopies of 2 m are set up, the % of shading rate 60 shading net is pulled on, shaded 3 days;
(3)Soil fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:With reference to grafting Managing small seeding;
(4)Truncation when trunk terminal bud is long from last branching-point 40cm, selects and remain 1 upright bud of stalwartness and continues to grow into trunk, 3
Lateral bud culture second layer branch of the individual crotch angle at 30 ~ 60 °, every layer of branch is mutually staggered in the dimensional orientation of tree crown, every time
Branch length to pinching during 30cm or cutting back promotees its branch to cultivate side shoot, the like operation, cultivate higher level number branch;Through
Cultivate within 8 ~ 12 months height up to more than 130cm, take out tip rugosity up to more than 1cm, take out tip length up to more than 70cm, branch amount up to 6
Grafting seedlings more than bar.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method that utilization two-stage method cultivates Queensland nut grafting seedlings, it is characterised in that:Including grafting Managing small seeding, transfer
Big seedling cultivation is connect, following steps are specifically included:
(1)Grafting Managing small seeding:Scion of damaging is prevented after grafting, at any time water drenching moisturizing;The sprout tillers erased in time on stock, is treated
Bud thinning is carried out after the wheel blade of bud first stabilization grown in scion, 1 upright bud of stalwartness is selected and remain and continues to grow into trunk, 2 ~ 3 points
Branch angle is in 30 ~ 60 ° of lateral bud culture first layer branch, branch length to pinching during 25 ~ 30cm or cutting back;Prevent and treat anthrax in time
The pest and disease damages such as disease, ant, thrips, aphid;Start after most of scion is sprouted fertilising, with promote the quick thickening of nursery stock increase and
Branch is aging;
(2)Grafting big seedling cultivation:After seedling first layer branch to be grafted is aging, chooses healthy and strong disease-free grafting seedling and be transplanted to 25
In the environmentally friendly non-woven fabrics nutrient bags of × 35 cm, put by seeding row spacing 25cm × 25cm, pour root water, make soil and root
Portion touches, and the shading net for pulling on shading rate 50% ~ 70% shades 3 ~ 4 days;The bud first grown on seedling first layer branch to be grafted
Carry out bud thinning to cultivate the branch of higher level number after wheel blade is stable;Soil, fertilizer, water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are carried out, through 8 ~ 12
The moon cultivate into height up to more than 130cm, take out tip rugosity up to more than 1cm, take out tip length up to 70 more than cm, branch amount up to more than 6
Grafting seedlings.
2. the method that a kind of utilization two-stage method according to claim 1 cultivates Queensland nut grafting seedlings, it is characterised in that:
Step(1)Described fertilising:Start fertilising after most of scion is sprouted, it is 0.2% that 1 percetage by weight was applied every 15 days
Low-phosphorous composite fertilizer's liquid manure, until the first time tip stablizes aging.
3. the method that a kind of utilization two-stage method according to claim 1 cultivates Queensland nut grafting seedlings, it is characterised in that:
Step(2)The culture of described higher level number branch, specific method is:Treat trunk terminal bud from last 30 ~ 40cm of branching-point length
When truncation, select and remain 1 upright bud of stalwartness and continue to grow into trunk, the lateral bud culture second layer of 2 ~ 3 crotch angles at 30 ~ 60 °
Branch, every layer of branch is mutually staggered in the dimensional orientation of tree crown, and each branch length to pinching during 25 ~ 30cm or cutting back promotees its point
Branch to cultivate side shoot, the like operation, cultivate higher level number branch.
4. the method that a kind of utilization two-stage method according to claim 2 cultivates Queensland nut grafting seedlings, it is characterised in that:
N in described low-phosphorous composite fertilizer:P:K is 13:2:13.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107759323A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-06 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of Queensland nut composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN110313343A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-11 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method for promoting Cortex Eucommiae to do sth. in advance result |
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CN103988745A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-20 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Cultivating method for macadamia nuts |
CN103999724A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-27 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Yield-increasing cultivation method for macadimia nuts |
CN104920078A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-23 | 岑溪市新丰农业综合开发有限公司 | Method for quickly rearing macadamia nut grafted seedlings through plantlets |
CN105248154A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-20 | 云南祥凡农业科技开发股份有限公司 | Propagation method of macadamia integrifolia |
CN105325178A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-02-17 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Top grafting method for macadamia nut |
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2017
- 2017-06-02 CN CN201710408497.4A patent/CN107173153A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103999724A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-27 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Yield-increasing cultivation method for macadimia nuts |
CN103988745A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-20 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Cultivating method for macadamia nuts |
CN104920078A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-23 | 岑溪市新丰农业综合开发有限公司 | Method for quickly rearing macadamia nut grafted seedlings through plantlets |
CN105325178A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-02-17 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Top grafting method for macadamia nut |
CN105248154A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-20 | 云南祥凡农业科技开发股份有限公司 | Propagation method of macadamia integrifolia |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107759323A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-06 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of Queensland nut composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN110313343A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-11 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method for promoting Cortex Eucommiae to do sth. in advance result |
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Application publication date: 20170919 |