CN106508583A - Method for dwarfing and rejuvenating seed orchard big trees of masson pine and improving flower and fruit setting rate - Google Patents
Method for dwarfing and rejuvenating seed orchard big trees of masson pine and improving flower and fruit setting rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN106508583A CN106508583A CN201611024037.3A CN201611024037A CN106508583A CN 106508583 A CN106508583 A CN 106508583A CN 201611024037 A CN201611024037 A CN 201611024037A CN 106508583 A CN106508583 A CN 106508583A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dwarfing and rejuvenating seed orchard big trees of masson pine and improving flower and fruit setting rate. The method comprises the steps of conducting crown cutting, tip removing, guiding retraction of a side tip in a lower layer, improving a light condition of a seed tree in the seed orchard, and conducting furrow digging and fertilization treatment on the seed orchard. According to the method for dwarfing and rejuvenation of seed orchard of masson pine and improving flower and fruit setting rate, through the steps of crown cutting, tip removing, guiding retraction of a lower side tip, and improving of a light condition of a seed tree in the seed orchard, an invalid inner chamber space ratio of non-fructification of the seed tree of the masson pine is lowered, and a fructification valid area is increased; meanwhile, flowing of nutrients and growth hormone of various kinds in the tree body towards a retained branch and reassignment of the nutrients and growth hormone are benefited, retaining of a growth branch in a lower layer, restoring of vitality of a tip, and germination of a bud are promoted, and material preparations for fructification is guaranteed by adding flowers and branch tips. The method for dwarfing and rejuvenating seed orchard big trees of masson pine and improving flower and fruit setting rate is simple and easy to operate, low in cost, and can be popularized in production management of ageing seed orchard of the masson pine.
Description
Technical field
The application belongs to planting technology field, specifically, is related to a kind of big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard and downgrades rejuvenation, improves
The method of seat flower percentage of fertile fruit.
Background technology
Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) belongs to Pinaceae (Pinaceae), Pinus (Pinus), double vascular bundles pine subgenus
(Subgen.Pinus), aiphyllium, is one of distinctive most important industrial cut stock seeds of China, is distributed in 17, China
Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, are to be distributed that most wide, area is maximum, of many uses, full tree comprehensive utilization degree highest in coniferous species
Indigenous tree.Masson pine is the different flower of monoecism, and its breeding is mainly seminal propagation as most of conifer seeds, plants
Sub- garden is the important base of masson pine breeding production, builds in last century eight, the nineties, in morning China's Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard more
Tree body effectively being carried out seldom in phase management highly to control, and Growth of Masson Pine apical dominance being strong, self-pruning power is strong,
Masson pine Primary seed orchard engenders evidence for senescence through the development of more than 20 years at present, and percentage of fertile fruit is low, and tree body is tall and big, seed
Yield poorly, collect seed difficult, seriously hinder the production of masson pine breeding.Skill is managed for newly-built breeding garden young age tree body in recent years
Art and fertilising, supple-mentary pollination are studied, and define some technologies for improving breeding garden yield, such as《A kind of pine genus tree
Pruning method》(patent publication No.：CN 1836493A) propose by wiping out side shoot bud to improve the pruning method of increment；《Carry
The method of high Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard elite stand seed production》(patent application publication number：104823801 A of CN) disclose one kind and carry
The method of high Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard elite stand seed production, including spread calcium lime powder, fertilising, supple-mentary pollination come improve breeding garden product
Amount.These technology centering low age Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard Growth status and improve seed production and have a good facilitation, but for
China's early stage construction, the age of tree more than 20 years, tree body is tall and big, moves on solid layer, hip number decline, difficult breeding garden of collecting seed
Effect is little.
The content of the invention
In view of this, technical problems to be solved in this application are directed to the age of tree more than 20 years, and tree body is tall and big, on solid layer
Move, hip number decline, difficult seed of collecting seed provides a kind of big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard and downgrades rejuvenation, improves seat flower percentage of fertile fruit
Method.
A kind of big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, including：Topping, go slightly, guiding
Lower layer side slightly bounces back, and improves breeding garden elite stand illumination condition, the measure of breeding garden ditching fertilizer treatment.
Further, method as above, the topping measure include：The 3-4 that stays down takes turns I side shoot, amputates trunk, retains
5 meters of the height of tree.
Further, method as above, it is described to go slightly measure to include：The sick deadwood of amputation, all side shoots wipe out top slightly,
Retain 2 lifes then secondary slightly；2 grades or 3 grades of side shoots are taken turns often, the side shoot of a reservation less than 2 or side are slightly.
Further, method as above, the topping measure or go slightly measure in the fall collect seed after implement.
Further, method as above, the guiding lower layer side slightly measure of bouncing back include：Month next year 2-3 after truncation
Part, branch terminal bud is extractd before growing into the non-lignifying of spray, is retained 2 lateral bud branches and is replaced major branch.
Further, method as above, also including measures of fertilizer, specially：In autumn Mo, breeding garden is fostered, ditching
The organic compound composite fertilizer of sustained release particle N P and K is applied, trench digging position is fostered in the ground vertical with tree crown, the backfill of dressing furrow bottom
The blade of grass for staying, then by per plant of tree fertilising 5kg, then by the reverse covering of trench digging shoveling soil layer.
Further, method as above, the organic compound composite fertilizer of the N P and K are N according to mass ratio:P:K is 9:
7:7 ratio is mixed.
Further, method as above, also including the measure of supple-mentary pollination, specially：If weather day in the loose powder phase
It is cloudy calm and affect male flower to fly to spill, normally there is obstacle to female flower in pollination or female flower clone pollination period can not be consistent, need to adopt
Collection different clones pollen is sprayed at breeding garden overhead with talcum powder mixing and carries out supple-mentary pollination, carries out once daily, until end
Florescence.
Further, method as above, the clone pollen are 1 with talcous mass ratio:4.
Compared with prior art, the application can be obtained including following technique effect：
The present invention by topping, go slightly, guiding lower layer side slightly bounce back, improve breeding garden elite stand illumination condition, so as to reduce
The acarpous invalid interior thorax space ratio of masson pine elite stand, increases solid effective area.Meanwhile, contribute to tree nutrient with all kinds of lifes
Long hormone promotes lower floor to retain growth branch, slightly recover life and bud differentiation, increases flower towards retaining branch flowing and redistributing
Amount, and branch it is slightly solid and make material prepare.Secondly, the ditching fertilizer treatment of the supporting technology such as breeding garden of the present invention, female
Hua Ke awards the supple-mentary pollination of phase, is conducive to breeding garden to blossom and bear fruit, and increases seed production；Present invention reduces tree body height,
Breeding garden PCO is more beneficial for, cone harvesting difficulty is reduced, is reduced harvesting cost of labor so that the horse of early stage construction
In tail pine, aged breeding garden plays the effect of Seed multiplication base again.
Big intensity lopping truncation in the present invention, promotes above the average age for marriage elite stand lower floor branch rejuvenation and bud differentiation, the rational application of fertilizer and auxiliary
Pollination technique measure is helped to be to improve female flower to retain and percentage of fertile fruit.Method of operating of the present invention is simple, low cost, can be extended to horse
In tail pine in aged breeding garden production management.
Specific embodiment
Following future describes presently filed embodiment in detail, thereby to the application how application technology means solving skill
Art problem and reach technology effect realize that process can fully understand and implement according to this.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of raising horse hair of simple and practical, convenient and easy, excellent effect
The big topping of setting of loose breeding garden goes slightly to downgrade rejuvenation, improves elite stand seat flower percentage of fertile fruit and then the method for improving seed production.To solve
Above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention are employed the following technical solutions and are comprised the following steps：
The present invention is applied to the age of tree 20 years, 8 meters of the height of tree, solid decline, difficult breeding garden of collecting seed.
In autumn Mo, breeding garden is fostered, the organic compound composite fertilizer of sustained release particle N P and K is applied in ditching, trench digging position with tree
The blade of grass for staying is fostered on the vertical ground of hat, the backfill of dressing furrow bottom, then by per plant of tree fertilising 5kg, then by trench digging shoveling soil layer
Reverse covering.
Autumn carries out topping process after collecting seed, and retains 3-4 and takes turns I grade of side shoot, amputate trunk, retains 5 meters of the height of tree.
Specifically, masson pine is China's endemic tree, at China's overwhelming majority area (Guangxi, a small amount of area in Fujian are outer),
Side shoot is taken turns in annual only growth one, and height of tree Seedling height increases 0.7-1 rice (two-wheeled side shoot spacing is 0.7-1 rice in other words) every year, when
After truncation, will not the newborn side shoot on trunk again, if so only retaining 1-2 wheel side shoots, height of tree Bock Altitude can be at 2 meters
Although left and right, such height of tree reduce, and it is convenient to collect seed, but solid branch negligible amounts, and yield can also be reduced.Retain 3-4 wheel branches
During bar, the height of tree can be retained within 5 meters, and people may stand in hand-held averruncator on ground or side shoot and be collected seed, so i.e.
Hip number can be improved with effectively utilizes space, also ensure that the artificial safe operation of seed collecting, reduce labour intensity.If retain 4 wheel with
Upper side shoot, height of tree height can affect breeding garden ventilation and penetrating light, such masson pine top side shoot that major branch can be replaced to continue more than 5 meters
Seedling height is carried out upwards, the purpose of the control height of tree is not reached, while its solid layer will be shifted up, (illumination is bad to make butt two
On wheel side shoot can only growth male flower and it is shaky), its hip number will not be higher than retaining 3-4 wheel side shoots.But the height of tree is collected seed after increasing
Difficult (also needing to secondary truncation later to control the height of tree, uneconomical).Therefore, it is of the invention through correlation test, after considering
Think both to have can ensure that hip number when retaining 3-4 wheel side shoots, while the height of tree can be controlled.
The sick deadwood of amputation, all side shoots wipe out top slightly, retain 2 lifes then secondary slightly；2 grades or 3 grades of side shoots are often taken turns, is only retained
The side shoot (slightly) of less than 2.
Month next year 2-3, branch terminal bud are extractd before growing into the non-lignifying of spray, are retained 2 lateral bud branches and are replaced major branch.
Specifically, this is relevant with Growth of Masson Pine with flowering-fruiting habits：Only bloom in annual newborn sturdy shoot apex
It is solid.If not extracing branch terminal bud, two grades of newborn collateral generations are thin and delicate, will not be solid, and as terminal bud continues to develop
Into branch, tree crown can increase, but will not be solid on interior thorax two, three-level, and hip number will not increase.Tree crown increases, and can make unit plane
The strain number retained in product is reduced, and can reduce breeding garden yield；Before spray non-lignifying, (easy to operate, wound is easily healed for excision
Close), the horizontal expansion of tree crown can be controlled, meanwhile, after removing side shoot terminal bud, two grades of collateral generations can be promoted, and then bloomed
It is solid, improve hip number, thorax space in effectively utilizes tree crown.
Topping goes slightly 1-2 tree bodies to start rejuvenation, and female, male flower amount increases, if weather day is cloudy calm and affect in the loose powder phase
Male flower flies to spill, normally obstacle occurs to female flower in pollination or female flower clone pollination period can not be consistent, and need to gather different clones
Pollen, is mixed in 1: 4 ratio and talcum powder, and with power driven sprayer, being sprayed at breeding garden overhead carries out supple-mentary pollination, enters daily
Go once, until Flowers ending.
Reinforcement manages and protects work to process plant, prevents livestock from trampleing on or artificial destruction, focuses on the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
With reference to embodiments to being described further.
The present invention is carried out in Guizhou Province's Duyun City masson pine clonal seed orchard, and this breeding garden is built and 1991, the age of tree
20 years, 10 meters of the height of tree, 6 meters of hat width.
Embodiment：
December, seed collecting finish, to primary lateral branches more than 4 wheel the above seed collecting elite stand, from top to bottom, successively step by step, cut or
Amputate all of above primary lateral branches of 4 wheels from lower to upper.
From lower to upper the 3rd or 20 centimeters of fourth round primary lateral branches trunk, with 45 degree of angles, tiltedly saw trunk.Trunk is sawed tiltedly
When, first 10 centimetres of saw kerfs are outputed from lower to upper, then tiltedly saw is connected with undercut from top to bottom.
All sawed-off side shoots or trunk, should all avoid pressure from retaining branch.
In each wheel primary lateral branches for retaining, cut or amputate pressed, or to be covered or cover lower floor by upper strata branch more healthy and stronger, stretches
Exhibition weak branch evenly.
In each wheel primary lateral branches for retaining, annual master is amputated slightly, retain 2 lifes then secondary slightly；2 grades or 3 grades are taken turns often
Side shoot, only retains the side shoot (slightly) of less than 2, amputates annual master slightly；To the side shoot for overlapping, weak person is selected, rejected without exception.
Below 2 centimetres of diameter, branches and leaves can be stayed in garden, and more than 2 centimetres limbs and sick branch remove breeding garden without exception.
Cutting strunk lopping tree body management work should be completed before 2 months next year.
While tree body management is completed, along tree crown drip, if breeding garden elite stand has connect hat, along between two plants of trees
20 centimetres wide 30 centimetres of deep dressing furrows (will cut off if with tree root during trench digging) are opened, by N:P:K organic granulars Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (9:7:
7) consumption of 5 kilograms/plant, spreads fertilizer over the fields in bottom of trench, then by the reverse earthing of trench digging shoveling soil layer.
Ditching-fertilizing should be completed before mid-February in next year.
Mid-March after the completion of cutting strunk lopping tree body management work, gather (bud expands) male flower drying of reaching maturity
Or dry, mix in the ratio in 1: 4 and talcum powder, female flower development maturation can time service, with power driven sprayer, in breeding garden pair
The pollen that empty injection is handled well, carries out supple-mentary pollination.
Experimental example:
Treatment group refers to and re selection selected in breeding garden, using herein described method carry out topping, go slightly, apply
Fertilizer, supple-mentary pollination；Select identical re selection not do respective handling, as a control group, contrasted, the results are shown in Table 1.
Found by table 1, relatively compareing the strain height of tree after processing strain 2 years reduces, and solid layer is reduced, and hat width reduces, thorax in tree crown
Hip number increases, and newborn branch is sturdy, tree body rejuvenation, and the amount of blossoming and bearing fruit is improved, and seed collecting labour intensity is reduced.
Table 1
Described above illustrates and describes some preferred embodiments of the present invention, but as previously mentioned, it should be understood that the present invention
Be not limited to form disclosed herein, be not to be taken as the exclusion to other embodiment, and can be used for various other combinations,
Modification and environment, and can be in invention contemplated scope described herein, by above-mentioned teaching or the technology or knowledge of association area
It is modified.And change that those skilled in the art are carried out and change be without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then all should be at this
In the protection domain of bright claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, it is characterised in that include：Topping,
Go slightly, guiding lower layer side slightly bounce back, improve breeding garden elite stand illumination condition, the measure of breeding garden ditching fertilizer treatment.
2. the big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard according to claim 1 is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, its feature
It is that the topping measure includes：The 3-4 that stays down takes turns I side shoot, amputates trunk, retains 5 meters of the height of tree.
3. the big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard according to claim 1 is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, its feature
It is, it is described to go slightly measure to include：The sick deadwood of amputation, all side shoots wipe out top slightly, retain 2 lifes then secondary slightly；Often take turns 2 grades or
3 grades of side shoots, the side shoot of a reservation less than 2 or side are slightly.
4. the big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard according to Claims 2 or 3 is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, its
Be characterised by, the topping measure or go slightly measure in the fall collect seed after implement.
5. the big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard according to claim 1 is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, its feature
It is that the guiding lower layer side slightly measure of bouncing back includes：In month next year 2-3 after truncation, it is not wooden that branch terminal bud grows into spray
Extract before changing, retain 2 lateral bud branches and replace major branch.
6. the big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard according to claim 1 is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, its feature
It is, also including measures of fertilizer, specially：In autumn Mo, it is multiple that breeding garden is fostered, the organic compound of sustained release particle N P and K is applied in ditching
The blade of grass for staying is fostered in the ground vertical with tree crown, the backfill of dressing furrow bottom in Hefei, trench digging position, then applies fertilizer by per plant of tree
5kg, then by the reverse covering of trench digging shoveling soil layer.
7. the big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard according to claim 6 is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, its feature
It is that the organic compound composite fertilizer of the N P and K is N according to mass ratio:P:K is 9:7:7 ratio is mixed.
8. the big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard according to claim 1 is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, its feature
It is, also including the measure of supple-mentary pollination, specially：If in the loose powder phase weather day it is cloudy calm and affect male flower to fly to spill, female flower just
Often there is obstacle in pollination or female flower clone pollination period can not be consistent, and need to gather different clones pollen and mix with talcum powder
The even breeding garden overhead that is sprayed at carries out supple-mentary pollination, carries out once daily, until Flowers ending.
9. the big tree of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard according to claim 8 is downgraded rejuvenation, improves the method that seat spends percentage of fertile fruit, its feature
It is that the clone pollen is 1 with talcous mass ratio:4.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611024037.3A CN106508583A (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2016-11-18 | Method for dwarfing and rejuvenating seed orchard big trees of masson pine and improving flower and fruit setting rate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611024037.3A CN106508583A (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2016-11-18 | Method for dwarfing and rejuvenating seed orchard big trees of masson pine and improving flower and fruit setting rate |
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| CN106508583A true CN106508583A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
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| CN201611024037.3A Pending CN106508583A (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2016-11-18 | Method for dwarfing and rejuvenating seed orchard big trees of masson pine and improving flower and fruit setting rate |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109121941A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2019-01-04 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard maternal plant spray cutting back method |
| CN111149530A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 王鑫 | Grafting method for high-yield Korean pine |
| CN117084112A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-21 | 国家林业和草原局哈尔滨林业机械研究所 | Construction method of pinus sylvestris clone seed garden in northeast area |
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| CN101606475A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2009-12-23 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for intermediate cutting growth of pinus massoniana |
| CN102612914A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-08-01 | 中南林业科技大学 | Fertilizing method for improving stress tolerance and productivity of masson pine forest |
| CN104823801A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-12 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Improvement method for seed yield of mother tree in Pinus massoniana seed orchard |
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2016
- 2016-11-18 CN CN201611024037.3A patent/CN106508583A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101606475A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2009-12-23 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for intermediate cutting growth of pinus massoniana |
| CN102612914A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-08-01 | 中南林业科技大学 | Fertilizing method for improving stress tolerance and productivity of masson pine forest |
| CN104823801A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-12 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Improvement method for seed yield of mother tree in Pinus massoniana seed orchard |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109121941A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2019-01-04 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard maternal plant spray cutting back method |
| CN111149530A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 王鑫 | Grafting method for high-yield Korean pine |
| CN117084112A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-21 | 国家林业和草原局哈尔滨林业机械研究所 | Construction method of pinus sylvestris clone seed garden in northeast area |
| CN117084112B (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2024-05-28 | 国家林业和草原局哈尔滨林业机械研究所 | Construction method of pinus sylvestris clone seed garden in northeast area |
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Application publication date: 20170322 |