CN105746282B - Rubber tree budling nursery proliferation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing - Google Patents
Rubber tree budling nursery proliferation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105746282B CN105746282B CN201610163823.5A CN201610163823A CN105746282B CN 105746282 B CN105746282 B CN 105746282B CN 201610163823 A CN201610163823 A CN 201610163823A CN 105746282 B CN105746282 B CN 105746282B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, be related to a kind of rubber tree budling nursery proliferation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing, including seedling breeding and transplant seedlings, be proliferated seedling cultivate, connect after management, trunk culture, narrow bars harvest, be proliferated seedling rejuvenation and change kind of a process.The present invention selects clone primary comparative test area breeding budling to first pass through high-order bud and taps into capable breeding, reconfiguration is recycled to carry out rejuvenation to proliferation seedling and change kind, to realize high-quality scion budling fast-propagation, the survival rate of rubber proliferation seedling scion can be effectively improved, the productivity of budling and its survival rate of budling, rubber tree is avoided to be proliferated seedling by freeze injury again, save the expense of original seed farm construction and management, reduce production rubber proliferation seedling cost, with bud take height, it is easy to implement the method, it is managed after connecing simple, and sprouting of buddering is early, the same year stripping is neat, robust growth, it is quickly available, saving product change rejuvenation cost, traditional production budling technology can be substituted extensively in the universal use in each proliferation nursery.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, it is related to a kind of budling proliferation and rejuvenation thereafter and changes the method planted, specifically one
Kind Para rubber tree improved seeds nursery budling cutting strunk method proliferation and rejuvenation thereafter and the method for changing kind
Background technology
Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the most important woody industrial crops in torrid areas and the high-quality use of fast-growing
One of wood species play can not replace always in terms of Southeast Asia and Natural Rubber Industry in China production and ecological construction and environmental protection
The important function in generation.It it is usually 25~30 years as bud connects tree, therefore, in natural rubber due to rubber tree economical production year limit for length
Particularly critical to the quality control of rubber tree breeding seedling fostering link in production, high-quality breeding rubber seedling produces unit area
It is long-range that amount influences, and is the guarantee of China's natural rubber stable high yield.
Due to trait segregation between seedling offspring individuals, the excellent nursery stock of uniform quality, moral character cannot be obtained, is grown directly from seeds in addition
The juvenile phase of seedling is longer, later into production period, therefore rubber seedling generally produces in such a way that bud connects breeding, to obtain nursery stock
Reproduction speed is improved while good strains of seeds, improves production efficiency.The upper required budling of rubber seedling production at present has brown budling
With two class of green budwood, brown budling is the budling of suberification or half-corkificated, is suitable for brown budding, and green budwood is not yet
The budling of suberification is suitable for seedling or budding.Brown, green budwood are given birth to by the different proliferation nurseries for specially breeding budling
Production, existing brown budling enrichment procedure have a moving type cutting strunk method, existing green budwood enrichment procedure include clump branch formula repeatedly
Truncation method and shrub formula are continuously pinched method, and it is mating to connect mode by being proliferated budling that nursery provides with existing bud.As fruit bud connects the time
It is improper to select, and the first generation budling growing way will be caused weak, is easy back withered, and fluffy away from 20~30cm is as short as, bud is not full, bad profit
With the serious stock time that also involves is withered, and in addition budling interception opportunity is as inaccurate in held, and meets bad weather, many budlings can not be used
It is connect in bud, only makees firewood use, waste bud source causes budling productivity in unit area low, connects the time not in most suitable bud often
Budling can be supplied enough, it is difficult to meet the needs of advanced rubber tree, the experiment of the areas productivity Xi Bi and variety popularization are to budling, and
And bud socket part position selects the bad difficulty that can cause follow-up rejuvenation and reconfiguration.After several generations of clonal reproduction, it is proliferated height of seedling degree
Increase, stock and the aging of clone age or physiological aging, cultivation effect is not satisfactory, must carry out rejuvenation and reconfiguration, if multiple
Strong improper, reconfiguration is improper, then can influence coppice shoot growth.The existing budling bud take for being usually used in being proliferated seedling rejuvenation and reconfiguration
It is low, and the effect is unsatisfactory for rejuvenation and reconfiguration, the budling quality that the later stage produced is influenced, it is excellent to influence clonal identification
The selection and breeding of good rubber tree kind and popularization and application effect assessment.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is provide a kind of rubber tree budling nursery proliferation and multiple thereafter in view of the deficiencies of the prior art
Strong and method for changing, height is connect using stock bud is improved, and the space of bigger and more chances, knot are improved for proliferation seedling rejuvenation
Scion variety is replaced in conjunction, and carries out reconfiguration using the dry latter 1 year raw healthy and strong stock coppice shoot of saw and green scion budling, can significantly be carried
High bud take, rejuvenation and the effect changed kind also have advantages of simple, efficiently to achieve the purpose that promote plant strain growth
Fast, operability it is strong, convenient for management, it is cost-effective the features such as, budling stable yield may be implemented, bud eye is full, rejuvenation effect
Fruit is apparent, and update aftershaping is fast, does not influence to work as annual output, and a large amount of high-quality breeding budlings are provided for Budding In Hevea.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention：
A kind of rubber tree budling nursery proliferation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing, are as follows：
1. seedling breeding with transplant seedlings：Seed is more for selection production, seedling mutually neatly, the good rubber clone fresh seeds of winter resistance in
September just~late December be seeded in casting bed (9, the seeding and seedling raising phase in October be 18~22 days, the seeding and seedling raising phase in December be 30~
40 days) nursery is carried out, it then chooses the healthy and strong, seedling from seed with glue fruit and is transplanted in the nursery lot put in order and (moves bed),
Plantation seeding row spacing specification is 1m × 1m；Casting bed will drench water before transplanting seedlings, after transplanting seedling should water drenching immediately, then carry out conventional
Water and fertilizer management.
A height of 20~the 40cm of stem when seedling from seed transplanting selects suitable to be highly advantageous for improving to transplant seedlings surviving
Rate.
2. being proliferated seedling to cultivate：Be proliferated seedling type of rearing use rectangle path budding method, proliferation seedling bud connect the time be 5~10
Month, the lignifying of excellent rubber tree kind or semi-lignified, bud eye be full, no disease and pests harm in acquisition clone primary comparative test area
Tiltedly as fringe bar, blade should be removed and save backup and (wrapped with bajiao banana vacation stem piece etc.) raw or upright branch in time by cutting after taking, with
It adopts with connecing.Before bud connects, is cut from the fringe bar of selection with slicer and take bud tablets：The bud for selecting bud eye full, 2 above bud eye~
Flat face is splayed a knife at 3cm, and angle is 10~20 °, and length is 5~7cm, and below the bud eye at 2~3cm perpendicular to branch
Bud tablets are taken out in oblique partial application.It is stock that the healthy and strong seedling from seed of annual 1.5~2.0cm of diameter is selected when bud connects, in stock
At 40~42cm of ground, a smooth position is selected, from bottom to top longitudinal sectional two knife (is firmly answered when cutting-up in stock cortex budding knife
Uniformly), the top of two knives intersects, bud interface width be 1.5~2cm (bud interface width depending on the thickness of stock, generally
The one third of stock stem thickness), it is highly 7~8cm, depth, which is subject to, just reaches xylem, is torn since the infall of two knives
Bark on bud interface makes the cortex of bud interface top and the bottom be detached with rootstock xylem, and the cortex of lower part retains 0.5~2cm, with
Just embedding steady scion bud tablets.The xylem in bud tablets is removed and (pays attention to that bud cannot be damaged when removal of xylem) after stripping bud interface, is connect
The pane for bud tablets being whittled into 0.8~1.2cm × 4~6cm, it should the forming layers for retaining bud tablets as possible when cutting bud tablets more；By bud
Piece is inserted into bud interface, and bud tablets is made to be tightly attached on stock, and bud tablets (cut bud tablets, insert bud with bud egress edge interval 1mm~2mm
Piece and binding step will be completed before bud interface discharges latex, and bud connects whole all it should be noted that keeping bud tablets and stock cambial clear
It is clean, avoid latex and sludge pollution), then the bud place of connecing is bundled with film band, completes bud termination process.Bud connects 25~30 days latter
The film for releasing binding, makes bud tablets expose.Anvil was sawed to the nursery stock that bud tablets survive in 7~10 days after unbundlings, saw anvil height connects for bud
Above mouthful at 5cm, saw kerf tilts 30~45 °, and inclined-plane should be back to bud interface.After unbundlings, the stock not survived to bud junctor should be more
It mends and connects in time in side change face.
3. being managed after connecing：It includes fertilising, weeding and main diseases and insect pests prevention step, the fertilising that bud, which connects rear management process,
It is to apply fertilizer at the end of February at the beginning of 3 months to proliferation nursery, among two plant, the application composite fertilizer apart from plant 0.5m at
0.25kg, time then apply urea a little later, and seedling is 50kg/ mus, and seedlings are 60~70kg/ mus, should be stopped within 1 month before adopting budling
Using composite fertilizer, adopts the stopping of budling first half of the month and apply urea.The weeding is to use quick-acting contact paraquat herbicides
To being proliferated garden weeding, herbicide working concentration is per addition 25~37.5ml paraquats (tender a concentration of 25ml of nursery lot in 15L water
Paraquat/15L water, old nursery lot are 37.5ml paraquats/15L water), the first fluffy leaf for adopting a first half of the month and new pumping is stablized
Before should stop applying.The main diseases and insect pests prevention is to start dispenser prevention at germ harm initial stage, by spraying 325 sieve meshes
1.2~1.5kg/ mus of Cosan, or 1.2~1.5kg/ mu of sprinkling sulphur colloidal suspension agent, working solution a concentration of 1.67%, or spray
1.5~2.5% triadimefons are spilt, powdery mildew can be prevented.Anthracnose prevention can use 0.5% carbendazim, 0.5% Bravo or 0.3%
The mixed aqueous solution of maneb and 0.15% zineb sprays to budling.To avoid germ from developing immunity to drugs, Duo Zhongnong
Medicine rotation uses.To reduce traditional pesticide injury, Research Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropi also can be selected
The thermal fog prevention rubber tree powdery mildew and anthracnose of development and production, effect is also ideal, and time saving and energy saving, and this product uses a concentration of
200~250ml/ mus.
4. trunk culture：Proliferation seedling is cultivated by pruning bud picking, and the coppice shoot of 1st generation time only stays a trunk growth,
2nd generation time retains 2 coppice shoots, and 2~3 or even 3~4 coppice shoots can be retained when stock is big.
5. narrow bars harvest：The coppice shoot robust growth of 1st generation time, 2 coppice shoots that 2nd generation time retains, such as the last one one is weak, should take
Force to stay on it is weak, if the last two all cut down, when stock is grown up coppice shoot interception number can up to 2~3 or even 3~4, continuously adopt item 3
~5 years.When the scion item that newly sprouts is grown 3~4 months, green budwood can be acquired, growth can acquire half brown budling in 6~9 months,
Growth period can acquire brown budling up to 10 months or more, and brown, half brown budling connect suitable for common stock bud, and green budwood is suitable
For green budding, it can also be used for thinner and thicker stock bud and connect.When adopting budling for the first time, generally above budding panel
Intercepted at 15cm, to retain enough secondary budlings of position pumping, second and each thereafter time above sprouting at 10cm
Interception.The bud of all each generation clone coppice shoots of pumping is respectively positioned on stem 1m with lower portion.
6. being proliferated seedling rejuvenation and changing kind：5 generation of budling or more is continuously intercepted in proliferation seedling, and seedling age is at 6 years or more, 30cm
When the stem girth 25cm or more at place, proliferation seedling rejuvenation is carried out by reconfiguration and changes kind, reconfiguration uses rectangle path budding method, bud to connect
3~July of time is advisable, wherein proliferation seedling rejuvenation includes stock rejuvenation and scion rejuvenation, should utilize and be different from last time scion use
The scion material of budling kind is used for reconfiguration, is subject to fertile management after carrying out cutting strunk at 35~37cm to above the average age for marriage big stock before reconfiguration
Reason is cultivated 1 year, and to promote stock to sprout new buds rejuvenation, each anvil stake, which only retains 1 healthy and strong coppice shoot and carries out bud, to be connect.Scion selects 3
~6 monthly ages green budwood (scion branch age is smaller, and bud take is higher, bud tablets are tenderer sprout it is faster, using green budwood
The nursery stock healing that bud tablets are bred as is fast, and growing way is good), scion bud is connected on 1 year raw coppice shoot 40~42cm eminence, first in stock when bud connects
Cutting-up bud interface on coppice shoot, but not peeling wipe latex clear when the latex flowed out at designated port is in half solidification shape, open cortex again,
With ready bud tablets carry out bud connect (rubber seedling wood bud connect generally at the morning 10 before and when afternoon 3 after carry out, since stock is thick
Greatly, especially morning 6~7 when latex it is especially more, should be first on 10~20 plants of stock coppice shoots when being proliferated seedling rejuvenation and changing kind of reconfiguration
Cutting-up bud interface, but not peeling, when cutting-up is last plant good, the latex flowed out at the coppice shoot stock designated port of cutting-up at first is partly solidifying
Gu go back to head wipes latex clear with towel successively again, open cortex, carrying out bud with ready bud tablets connects), bud connect operating procedure and
Bud manages after connecing to be cultivated unanimously with proliferation seedling.Bud connects 5~7 days afterwards, can determine whether green bud tablets survive.Bud tablets survive after in bud
Above interface 1 year raw stock coppice shoot is cut at 5cm.Proliferation seedling rejuvenation may be implemented after proliferation seedling experience reconfiguration and change kind, and
Rejuvenation is conducive to change kind, while changing kind and being conducive to rejuvenation.
The proliferation seedling refers to continuous interception 5 generation of budling or more, seedling age and stem girth larger (seedling age 6 years or more, 30cm
The stem girth 25cm or more at place).
The fretilization management is to apply barnyard manure 7.5kg, 0.25~0.5kg of composite fertilizer for every plant of proliferation seedling, prevents disease pest
Evil promotes stock to sprout sprouting.
The proliferation seedling rejuvenation and the time for changing kind are to carry out primary, each reconfiguration at interval of 5 years from after first time reconfiguration
The preceding cutting strunk that sprouts new buds of anvil stake that promotees reduces 5cm than a preceding saw kerf height, correspondingly, since second and each thereafter time
Reconfiguration position reduces 5cm than last reconfiguration position, has both the effect for downgrading rejuvenation, or reconfiguration position uses and the every time
Bud connects identical height and carries out, and is conducive to the winter resistance for improving plant, while convenient for the operations such as pruning bud picking and spray.
The method of the present invention is proliferated dramatically different with conventional budling.
Conventional method cultivates proliferation seedling and low level budding method, the method for the present invention is used then to tap into row using high-order bud.
Although conventional method will also downgrade bud pile extension, scion still bud is connected on above the average age for marriage stock, side of the present invention
Method is then connected on new varieties scion bud on newly generated 1 age stalwartness coppice shoot.I.e. the former does not make stock youngization processing, the latter
It must carry out youngization processing.
Conventional method does not generally make cutting strunk to stock stake, and the method for the present invention then will gradually implement stock severe after first moderate
Cutting strunk.
Conventional method selects the plant of original seed farm as proliferation seedling scion, and the method for the present invention then selects clone primary comparative test
The branch in area is scion.
Conventional method carries out proliferation seedling rejuvenation and utilizes to scion severe cutting strunk, and the method for the present invention then utilizes proliferation seedling rejuvenation
Reconfiguration.
The positive effect of the present invention is：
Rubber tree budling of the present invention nursery proliferation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing, first with proliferation nursery to scion bud
Item is bred, then is carried out rejuvenation with reconfiguration and changed kind, to realize that expansion is numerous.Proliferation seedling scion budling picks up from clone primary system
Than area, the expense of original seed farm construction and management is saved.Rubber tree proliferation seedling cultivation takes high-order bud to connect and is not subject to freeze injury, prevents
Low temperature when winter approached.When opening bud interface, since the stock for reconfiguration is coarse, production dumping is especially more, is first cut to stock
Micromicro is cut to allow the latex on cutting line to flow out, the gel that head cleans bud interface surrounding is gone back to, opens abdomen capsule skin, then carry out bud
It connects, avoids latex pollution bud interface, to improve survival rate, by practice, this method can be such that the reconfiguration of proliferation seedling survives
Rate reaches 95% or more, substantially increases reconfiguration survival rate.While abundant rejuvenation rubber is proliferated seedling, rubber increasing is effectively improved
The survival rate of seedling scion and the productivity of budling are grown, while reducing production rubber proliferation seedling cost.Be proliferated seedling cultivate and thereafter
It is rejuvenation and the bud take high (95% or more) changed kind, easy to implement the method, manage simple after connecing, bud connects current year and budders sproutings, pumping
Item rate is up to 97% or more, robust growth, and budders that sprouting is early, the same year stripping is neat, and robust growth is quickly available, saves
Product change rejuvenation cost, are easy to promote in production.Compared with traditional budling proliferation, the rejuvenation of several times can be increased and change kind time
Number, can extend the service life that bud grafts strain, have and reduce production link, improve effect of rejuvenation and breeding coefficient, adopt item and take and adopt
After manage extremely convenient, can accordingly reduce the distinguishing features such as input of the natural rubber production in stock breeding, can substitute extensively
Traditional budling production technology is in the universal use in each proliferation nursery.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention is furthur described in detail.Following embodiment is used for
Illustrate the present invention, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
One, budling breeds and is proliferated seedling rejuvenation and changes kind
Embodiment one
1. seedling breeding with transplant seedlings：The rubber clone GT1 that selection production seed is more, seedling is mutually neat, winter resistance is good, in rubber
The seed harvest season, harvest fresh mature full seed, September just be seeded in casting bed carry out seedling breeding, nursery stage be 18~
20 days.Then the seedling replanting that grows directly from seeds of incubation is moved into bed to turning over, applying in barnyard manure and the good nursery lot of whole furrow, in case
Proliferation seedling bud uses when connecing as stock.The healthy and strong seedling from seed transplanting of selection, plantation seeding row spacing specification is 1m × 1m, is transplanted seedlings
When, using seedling mostly band glue fruit of growing directly from seeds, transplant seedlings survival rate highest using 22~25cm of stem length as seedling suitable height, casting bed before transplanting seedlings
Drench water, after transplanting seedling should water drenching immediately, then carry out conventional water and fertilizer management.
2. being proliferated seedling to cultivate：Being proliferated seedling type of rearing uses rectangle path budding method, proliferation seedling bud to connect the time as September
Part.Half brown of excellent rubber tree kind, bud eye are full in acquisition clone primary comparative test area, no disease and pests harm is tiltedly given birth to or vertical branch
Item as scion, cut should remove blade after taking in time and wrapped with bajiao banana vacation stem piece etc. it is spare, with adopting with connecing.Before bud connects, with cutting
Piece knife is cut from the fringe bar of selection and takes bud tablets：The full bud of bud eye is selected, flat face is splayed a knife at 2~3cm above the bud eye,
About 10~20 DEG C of angle, 5~7cm of length is advisable, and below the bud eye at 2~3cm perpendicular to the oblique partial application of branch, take out bud
Piece.It is stock that the seedling from seed of annual 1.5~2.0cm of diameter stalwartnesses is selected when bud connects, in stock away from ground 41cm or so
Place, selects a smooth position, and in stock cortex, with budding knife, from bottom to top longitudinal sectional two knife, the top of two knives intersect, bud interface width
Depending on the thickness of stock, general 1.5~2cm is advisable, and is the one third of stock stem thickness, and 7~8cm of height is advisable, depth
It is subject to and just reaches xylem, firmly should be uniform when cutting-up, the bark on bud interface is torn since the infall of two knives, and bud is made to connect
The cortex of mouth top and the bottom is detached with rootstock xylem, and the cortex of lower part retains 1~2cm, so as to embedding steady scion bud tablets.Stripping bud connects
The xylem in bud tablets is removed after mouthful, when removal of xylem pays attention to that bud cannot be damaged, and bud tablets are then whittled into about 0.8~1.2cm
× 4~6cm panes, should the forming layers for retaining bud tablets as possible when cutting bud tablets more；Bud tablets are inserted into bud interface, bud tablets is made to be tightly attached to
On stock, and bud tablets and bud egress edge interval 1mm or so are best.Cutting bud tablets, slotting bud tablets and binding step will be in bud interface
It is completed before discharge latex, bud connects whole all it should be noted that holding bud tablets and the cambial cleaning of stock, avoid latex and sludge pollution.
Bud connects latter 25~27 days films for releasing binding, and bud tablets is made to expose.Anvil, saw were sawed to the nursery stock that bud tablets survive in 8~9 days after unbundlings
Anvil height is above bud interface at 5cm, and saw kerf tilts about 30~45 °, and inclined-plane should be back to bud interface.After unbundlings, not to bud junctor
The stock survived should replace side, and benefit connects in time.
3. being managed after connecing：It includes fertilising, weeding and main diseases and insect pests prevention step, the fertilising that bud, which connects rear management process,
It is to apply fertilizer at the end of February at the beginning of 3 months to proliferation nursery, among two plant, composite fertilizer is applied apart from plant 0.5m
0.25kg, time then apply urea a little later, and seedling is 50kg/ mus, and seedlings are 60~70kg/ mus, should be stopped within 1 month before adopting budling
Using composite fertilizer, adopts the stopping of budling first half of the month and apply urea.The weeding is to use quick-acting contact paraquat herbicides
To being proliferated garden weeding, herbicide working concentration is per addition 25~37.5ml paraquats, tender a concentration of 25ml of nursery lot in 15L water
Paraquat/15L water, old nursery lot be 37.5ml paraquats/15L water, because when seedling is old, grass also grows tall, adopt a first half of the month and newly
First fluffy leaf of pumping should stop applying before stablizing.The main diseases and insect pests prevention is to start dispenser at germ harm initial stage to prevent
It controls, by spraying 1.2~1.5kg/ mus of the Cosan of 325 sieve meshes, or 1.2~1.5kg/ mus of sprinkling sulphur colloidal suspension agent, work
Liquid a concentration of 1.67%, or 1.5~2.5% triadimefons of injection, can prevent powdery mildew.Anthracnose prevention can use 0.5% carbendazim,
0.5% Bravo, 0.3% maneb, 0.15% zineb aqueous solution spray to budling.To avoid germ from generating anti-medicine
Property, Multiple Pesticides rotation uses.
4. trunk culture：By pruning bud picking, the coppice shoot of 1st generation time only stays a trunk growth, 2nd generation time to retain 2
Coppice shoot can retain 2~3 or even 3~4 coppice shoots when stock is big.
5. narrow bars harvest：The coppice shoot robust growth of 1st generation time, 2 coppice shoots that 2nd generation time retains, such as the last one one is weak, should saw
Force to stay on it is weak, if the last two all saw under, when stock is grown up coppice shoot interception number can up to 2~3 or even 3~4, continuously adopt item 3
~5 years.When the scion item that newly sprouts is grown 3~4 months, green budwood can be acquired, growth can acquire half brown budling in 6~9 months,
Growth period can acquire brown budling up to 10 months or more, and brown, half brown budling connect suitable for common stock bud, and green budwood is suitable
For green budding, it can also be used for thinner and thicker stock bud and connect.When adopting budling for the first time, generally above budding panel
Intercepted at 15cm, to retain enough secondary budlings of position pumping, second and each thereafter time above sprouting at 10cm
Interception.The bud of all each generation clone coppice shoots of pumping is respectively positioned on stem 1m with lower portion.
6. being proliferated seedling rejuvenation and changing kind：5 generation of budling or more is continuously intercepted in proliferation seedling, and seedling age is at 6 years or more, 30cm
When the stem girth 25cm or more at place, proliferation seedling rejuvenation is carried out by reconfiguration and changes kind, reconfiguration uses rectangle path budding method, bud to connect
Time is April, wherein proliferation seedling rejuvenation includes stock rejuvenation and scion rejuvenation, should utilize and use budling different from last time scion
The scion material of kind is used for reconfiguration, and 120 plants of above the average age for marriage big stocks are chosen before reconfiguration and are added after the places 35~37cm or so carry out cutting strunk
With fretilization management, (every plant of proliferation seedling applies barnyard manure 7.5kg, 0.25~0.5kg of composite fertilizer, prevents pest and disease damage, stock is promoted to sprout
Sprouting) it cultivates 1 year, promote stock to sprout new buds rejuvenation, each anvil stake, which only retains 1 healthy and strong coppice shoot and carries out bud, to be connect.Scion selects 3
Scion bud is connected on 1 year raw coppice shoot 41cm or so eminences from the ground by the green budwood at~6 monthly ages, bud tablets survive after in bud interface
1 year raw stock coppice shoot is cut at the 5cm of top.Bud connects 5~7 days afterwards, can distinguish whether green bud tablets survive.
Embodiment two
1. seedling breeding with transplant seedlings：The rubber clone GT1 that selection production seed is more, seedling is mutually neat, winter resistance is good, in rubber
The seed harvest season, harvest fresh mature full seed, be seeded at the beginning of 10 months casting bed carry out seedling breeding, nursery stage be 20~
22 days.Then growing directly from seeds incubation in seedling replanting to the nursery lot put in order, that is, move bed, in case as anvil when proliferation seedling bud connects
Wood uses, and it is 1m × 1m to select healthy and strong seedling from seed transplanting, plantation seeding row spacing specification, and 2m is divided between minizone, when transplanting seedlings,
Using seedling mostly band glue fruit of growing directly from seeds, transplant seedlings survival rate highest using 20~23cm of stem length as seedling suitable height, casting bed is wanted before transplanting seedlings
Drench water, after transplanting seedling should water drenching immediately, then carry out conventional water and fertilizer management.
2. being proliferated seedling to cultivate：Being proliferated seedling type of rearing uses rectangle path budding method, proliferation seedling bud to connect the time as October
Part, the brown of excellent rubber tree kind, bud eye are full in acquisition clone primary comparative test area, no disease and pests harm is tiltedly given birth to or upright branch
As scion, cut should remove blade after taking in time and wrapped with bajiao banana vacation stem piece etc. it is spare, with adopting with connecing.Before bud connects, with slice
Knife is cut from the fringe bar of selection and takes bud tablets：The full bud of bud eye is selected, flat face is splayed a knife at 2~3cm above the bud eye, angle
About 10~20 DEG C of degree, 5~7cm of length is advisable, and below the bud eye at 2~3cm perpendicular to the oblique partial application of branch, take out bud tablets.
It is stock that the seedling from seed of annual 1.5~2.0cm of diameter stalwartnesses is selected when bud connects, at stock is away from 40~42cm of ground,
Select a smooth position, intersect on the top of stock cortex budding knife from bottom to top longitudinal sectional two knife, two knives, bud interface width according to
Depending on the thickness of stock, general 1.5~2cm is advisable, and is the one third of stock stem thickness, and 7~8cm of height is advisable, and depth is with rigid
, firmly should be uniform when cutting-up up to subject to xylem, the bark on bud interface is torn since the infall of two knives, is made on bud interface
The cortex of lower part is detached with rootstock xylem, and the cortex of lower part retains 0.5~1.5cm, so as to embedding steady scion bud tablets.Stripping bud connects
The xylem in bud tablets is removed after mouthful, when removal of xylem pays attention to that bud cannot be damaged, and bud tablets are then whittled into about 0.8~1.2cm
× 4~6cm panes, should the forming layers for retaining bud tablets as possible when cutting bud tablets more；Bud tablets are inserted into bud interface, bud tablets is made to be tightly attached to
On stock, and bud tablets and bud egress edge interval 1mm or so are best.Cutting bud tablets, slotting bud tablets and binding step will be in bud interface
It is completed before discharge latex, bud connects whole all it should be noted that holding bud tablets and the cambial cleaning of stock, avoid latex and sludge pollution.
Bud connects latter 28~30 days films for releasing binding, and bud tablets is made to expose.Anvil was sawed to the nursery stock that bud tablets survive in 10 days after unbundlings, saws anvil
Height is above bud interface at 5cm, and saw kerf tilts about 30~45 °, and inclined-plane should be back to bud interface.After unbundlings, to bud junctor not at
Stock living should replace side, and benefit connects in time.
3. being managed after connecing：It includes fertilising, weeding and main diseases and insect pests prevention step, the fertilising that bud, which connects rear management process,
It is to apply fertilizer at the end of February at the beginning of 3 months to proliferation nursery, among two plant, composite fertilizer is applied apart from plant 0.5m
0.25kg, time then apply urea a little later, and seedling is 50kg/ mus, and seedlings are 60~70kg/ mus, should be stopped within 1 month before adopting budling
Using composite fertilizer, adopts the stopping of budling first half of the month and apply urea.The weeding is to use quick-acting contact paraquat herbicides
To being proliferated garden weeding, herbicide working concentration is per addition 25~37.5ml paraquats, tender a concentration of 25ml of nursery lot in 15L water
Paraquat/15L water, old nursery lot be 37.5ml paraquats/15L water, because when seedling is old, grass also grows tall, adopt a first half of the month and newly
First fluffy leaf of pumping should stop applying before stablizing.The main diseases and insect pests prevention is to start dispenser at germ harm initial stage to prevent
It controls, by spraying 1.2~1.5kg/ mus of the Cosan of 325 sieve meshes, or 1.2~1.5kg/ mus of sprinkling sulphur colloidal suspension agent, work
Liquid a concentration of 1.67%, or 1.5~2.5% triadimefons of injection, can prevent powdery mildew.Anthracnose prevention can use 0.5% carbendazim,
0.5% Bravo, 0.3% maneb, 0.15% zineb aqueous solution spray to budling.To avoid germ from generating anti-medicine
Property, Multiple Pesticides are used alternatingly.It, also can be when night, humidity be big, with 7L finishes/mu, in use to reduce traditional pesticide injury
The compound prevention rubber tree powdery mildew of thermal fog and charcoal of state's tropical agricultural science institute environment and Plant Protection Institute development and production
Subcutaneous ulcer disease, effect is also ideal, and time saving and energy saving, and this product uses a concentration of 200~250ml/ mus, interval dispenser in 15 days 1 time, according to it
Extent of injury dispenser 1~3 time.
4. trunk culture：By pruning bud picking, the coppice shoot of 1st generation time only stays a trunk growth, 2nd generation time to retain 2
Coppice shoot can retain 2~3 or even 3~4 coppice shoots when stock is big.
5. narrow bars harvest：The coppice shoot robust growth of 1st generation time, 2 coppice shoots that 2nd generation time retains, such as the last one one is weak, should saw
Force to stay on it is weak, if the last two all saw under, when stock is grown up coppice shoot interception number can up to 2~3 or even 3~4, continuously adopt item 3
~5 years.When the scion item that newly sprouts is grown 3~4 months, green budwood can be acquired, growth can acquire half brown budling in 6~9 months,
Growth period can acquire brown budling up to 10 months or more, and brown, half brown budling connect suitable for common stock bud, and green budwood is suitable
For green budding, it can also be used for thinner and thicker stock bud and connect.When adopting budling for the first time, generally above budding panel
Intercepted at 15cm, to retain enough secondary budlings of position pumping, second and each thereafter time above sprouting at 10cm
Interception.Stock height in order to control starts coppice shoot and retains length year by year to successively decrease since 2nd generation time, after 5 generations, control 50~
60cm or so or hereinafter, if do not successively decreased, coppice shoot stake at this time has been up to 1m.The bud of all each generation clone coppice shoots of pumping is respectively positioned on
Stem 1m is with lower portion.
6. being proliferated seedling rejuvenation and changing kind：5 generation of budling or more is continuously intercepted in proliferation seedling, and seedling age is at 6 years or more, 30cm
When the stem girth 25cm or more at place, proliferation seedling rejuvenation is carried out by reconfiguration and changes kind, reconfiguration uses rectangle path budding method, bud to connect
Time is June, wherein proliferation seedling rejuvenation includes stock rejuvenation and scion rejuvenation, should utilize and use budling different from last time scion
The scion material of kind is used for reconfiguration, is chosen before reconfiguration after 120 plants of above the average age for marriage big stocks carry out cutting strunk at 35~37cm and is subject to fertilizer
Training management (every plant of proliferation seedling applies barnyard manure 7.5kg, 0.25~0.5kg of composite fertilizer, prevents pest and disease damage, stock is promoted to sprout sprouting)
It cultivates 1 year, stock can be promoted to sprout new buds rejuvenation, each anvil stake, which only retains 1 healthy and strong coppice shoot and carries out bud, to be connect.Scion selects 3~6
Scion bud is connected on 1 year raw coppice shoot 41cm or so eminences from the ground by the green budwood at monthly age, bud tablets survive after above bud interface
1 year raw stock coppice shoot is cut at 5cm.Bud connects 5~7 days afterwards, can distinguish whether green bud tablets survive.
Two, proliferation seedling effect of rejuvenation identification
1. rejuvenation proliferation seedling bud connects and stripping effect identification：
Bud to investigate rejuvenation bud pile extension is connected into living and coppice shoot pumping situation, (increases to rejuvenation bud pile extension in above-described embodiment
Grow the bud junctor that does not sprout after seedling saw anvil) bud connect strain number, bud be connected into strain number and bud tablets living survive the coppice shoot number of rear pumping into
Row observation and statistics, calculate its bud take, bud tablets stripping rate.It the results are shown in Table 1.
The bud of 1 rubber rejuvenation bud pile extension of table connects and stripping situation
Above-mentioned bud connect with stripping the result shows that, with the bud take of the conventional budding stake 90% or so without rejuvenation and
95% or so stripping rate is compared, and the present invention can have by carrying out rejuvenation to the larger proliferation seedling of seedling age and stem girth and changing kind
Effect ground improves the bud take of bud pile extension, stripping rate, and variance analysis shows that bud take of the invention, stripping rate are aobvious
Write the value (P higher than conventional budding stake<0.05).
2. rejuvenation is proliferated the fringe Quality Identification of seedling coppice shoot：
Further to verify proliferation seedling effect of rejuvenation, in above-described embodiment through rejuvenation and that changes kind be proliferated seedling institute pumping
Coppice shoot is scion source, carries out budling cultivation using rubber seedling conventional budding method, and be colonized in crop field to carry out growth table
Now identify.Experiment is designed using companion way, the conventional bud being bred as scion source using picking up from the coppice shoot of proliferation seedling of non-rejuvenation
Seedlings picking is control, and each 30 plants of processing is repeated 3 times, equal 90 plants, observes single coppice shoot bud tablets number, bud connects strain number, bud is connected into strain living
Number, calculates bud take, is connect in conjunction with bud and find out breeding coefficient with stripping data, the results are shown in Table 2.It is annual after Field planting
Late December carries out all-round statistics to the seedling number of depositing of seedling age up to 1 year or more trial zone, and it is primary to measure rubber seedling stem girth, directly
It is cut to opening, measurement site at 1m, first counts its year thickening amount, then find out the current year uniformity above the bud contact, then according to depositing
Seedling number and transplanting basic seedling amount calculate survival rate of seedlings.It the results are shown in Table 3.
2 rubber rejuvenation of table is proliferated the nursery situation of seedling coppice shoot
The variance analysis of breeding trial result shows that bud take of the invention, breeding coefficient are all remarkably higher than routine
Value (the P of budling<0.05).
Growing state after the field planting of 3 rubber budling of table
| Type | Average annual thickening amount/cm plants-1 | The uniformity/% | Survival rate of seedlings/% |
| Conventional budding seedling | 3.9 | 74 | 90.1 |
| Embodiment one | 4.7 | 89 | 95.8 |
| Embodiment two | 4.8 | 90 | 96.2 |
The variance analysis of growth test result shows that average annual thickening amount, the uniformity, survival rate of seedlings three consider greatly planting stock index
There is significant difference (P between 2 kinds of budlings<0.01 or P<0.05).
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of rubber tree budling nursery proliferation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing, which is characterized in that it is as follows：
(1) seedling breeding with transplant seedlings：The rubber clone fresh seeds that selection production seed is more, seedling is mutually neat, winter resistance is good are in September
Just~late December is seeded in casting bed and carries out nursery, then chooses the healthy and strong, seedling from seed with glue fruit and is transplanted to and puts in order
In nursery lot, plantation seeding row spacing specification is 1m × 1m；Casting bed will drench water before transplanting seedlings, after transplanting seedling should water drenching immediately, then
Carry out conventional water and fertilizer management；
(2) proliferation seedling is cultivated：Being proliferated seedling type of rearing uses rectangle path budding method, proliferation seedling bud to connect the time as 5~October
Part, the lignifying of excellent rubber tree kind or semi-lignified, bud eye be full, no disease and pests harm is oblique in acquisition clone primary comparative test area
As fringe bar, blade should be removed in time after taking and save backup raw or upright branch by cutting, with adopting with connecing；Before bud connects, slicer is used
It is cut from the fringe bar of selection and takes bud tablets：The full bud of bud eye is selected, flat face is splayed a knife at 2~3cm above the bud eye, angle
Be 10~20 °, length is 5~7cm, and below the bud eye at 2~3cm perpendicular to the oblique partial application of branch, take out bud tablets；Bud connects
When, it is stock to select the healthy and strong seedling from seed of annual 1.5~2.0cm of diameter, at stock is away from 40~42cm of ground, selects one
Smooth position intersects on the top of stock cortex budding knife from bottom to top longitudinal sectional two knife, two knives, and bud interface width is 1.5~
2cm is highly 7~8cm, and depth, which is subject to, just reaches xylem, and the bark on bud interface is torn since the infall of two knives, is made
The cortex of bud interface top and the bottom is detached with rootstock xylem, and the cortex of lower part retains 0.5~2cm, so as to embedding steady scion bud tablets；It opens
The xylem in bud tablets is removed after stripping bud interface, then bud tablets is whittled into the pane of 0.8~1.2cm × 4~6cm, cuts bud
It should the forming layers for retaining bud tablets as possible when piece more；Bud tablets are inserted into bud interface, so that bud tablets is tightly attached on stock, and bud tablets and bud
Then egress edge interval 1mm~2mm is bundled the bud place of connecing with film band, complete bud termination process；It solves within 25~30 days after bud connects
Except the film of binding, bud tablets is made to expose；Anvil was sawed to the nursery stock that bud tablets survive in 7~10 days after unbundlings, saw anvil height is bud interface
At the 5cm of top, saw kerf tilts 30~45 °, and inclined-plane should be back to bud interface；After unbundlings, the stock that bud junctor does not survive should be replaced
It mends and connects in time in side；
(3) it is managed after connecing：It includes fertilising, weeding and main diseases and insect pests prevention step, the fertilising that bud, which connects rear management process, is
It applies fertilizer at the end of February at the beginning of 3 months to proliferation nursery, among two plant, the application composite fertilizer apart from plant 0.5m at
0.25kg, time then apply urea a little later, and seedling is 50kg/ mus, and seedlings are 60~70kg/ mus, should be stopped within 1 month before adopting budling
Using composite fertilizer, adopts the stopping of budling first half of the month and apply urea；The weeding is to use quick-acting contact paraquat herbicides
To being proliferated garden weeding, herbicide working concentration is to adopt a first half of the month per addition 25~37.5ml paraquats in 15L water and taken out with new
The first raw fluffy leaf should stop applying before stablizing；The main diseases and insect pests prevention is to start dispenser at germ harm initial stage to prevent
It controls, by spraying 1.2~1.5kg/ mus of the Cosan of 325 sieve meshes, or 1.2~1.5kg/ mus of sprinkling sulphur colloidal suspension agent, work
Liquid a concentration of 1.67%, or 1.5~2.5% triadimefons of sprinkling, can prevent powdery mildew；Anthracnose prevention can with 0.5% carbendazim,
0.5% Bravo or the mixed aqueous solution of 0.3% maneb and 0.15% zineb spray to budling；
(4) trunk culture：Proliferation seedling is cultivated by pruning bud picking, and the coppice shoot of 1st generation time only stays a trunk to grow, and the 2nd
Generation retains 2 coppice shoots, and 2~3 or even 3~4 coppice shoots are retained when stock is big；
(5) narrow bars harvest：The coppice shoot robust growth of 1st generation time, 2 coppice shoots that 2nd generation time retains, such as the last one one is weak, should take strong
Stay it is weak, if the last two all cut down, when stock is grown up coppice shoot intercept number up to 2~3 or even 3~4, continuously adopt item 3~5
Year；When the scion item that newly sprouts is grown 3~4 months, green budwood is acquired, growth can acquire half brown budling in 6~9 months, grow
Phase can acquire brown budling up to 10 months or more, and brown, half brown budling connect suitable for common stock bud, and green budwood is suitable for
Green budding can also be used for thinner and thicker stock bud and connect；For the first time when adopting budling, the places section 15cm above budding panel
It takes, to retain enough secondary budlings of position pumping, second and an each thereafter interception at 10cm above sprouting；It is all
The bud of each generation clone coppice shoot of pumping is respectively positioned on stem 1m with lower portion；
(6) it is proliferated seedling rejuvenation and changes kind：5 generation of budling or more is continuously intercepted in proliferation seedling, and seedling age is at 6 years or more, at 30cm
Stem girth 25cm or more when, proliferation seedling rejuvenation is carried out by reconfiguration and changes kind, reconfiguration is using rectangle path budding method, when bud connects
Between 3~July, wherein proliferation seedling rejuvenation includes stock rejuvenation and scion rejuvenation, should utilize and be different from last time scion budling kind
Scion material be used for reconfiguration, fretilization management cultivation 1 is subject to after 35~37cm locates to carry out cutting strunk to above the average age for marriage big stock before reconfiguration
Year, to promote stock to sprout new buds rejuvenation, each anvil stake, which only retains 1 healthy and strong coppice shoot and carries out bud, to be connect；Scion selected for 3~6 monthly ages
Green budwood, scion bud is connected on 1 year raw coppice shoot 40~42cm eminence；Bud connects 5~7 days afterwards, whether can determine whether green bud tablets
It survives, bud tablets cut 1 year raw stock coppice shoot above the bud interface after surviving at 5cm.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Stem a height of 20 when seedling from seed transplanting~
40cm selects suitable to be highly advantageous for improving survival rate of transplanting seedlings.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The fretilization management is to apply barnyard manure for every plant of proliferation seedling
7.5kg, 0.25~0.5kg of composite fertilizer prevent pest and disease damage, and stock is promoted to sprout sprouting.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The proliferation seedling rejuvenation and the time for changing kind are from for the first time
It was carried out once at interval of 5 years after reconfiguration, promoting the cutting strunk that anvil stake sprouts new buds before each reconfiguration reduces than a preceding saw kerf height
5cm, correspondingly, since second and secondary reconfiguration position each thereafter reduces 5cm than last reconfiguration position, and it is multiple to have both dwarfing
Strong effect, or reconfiguration position connects identical height progress using with first time bud every time, is conducive to the cold-resistant for improving plant
Property, while being convenient for pruning bud picking and spray drug operation.
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| CN106489651B (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2021-02-02 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Seedling culture method for rapidly culturing rubber tree seedlings |
| CN107347557A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-17 | 西双版纳丽欣农业科技有限责任公司 | Rubber tree budling nursery is bred and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing |
| CN107409773A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-01 | 遵义市新科创农业发展有限公司 | Grafting detection means |
| CN113854061B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-01-20 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for selecting fruiting plants by directional low-position secondary bud-remaining of bananas |
| CN116849076A (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-10-10 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Cultivation method of dwarf seedlings of rubber tree |
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| CN101120641A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-02-13 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Seedling budding method for rubber tree minitype bud sticks |
| CN102696390A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-03 | 广东农垦热带作物科学研究所 | Method for promoting budding of seedling budlings of Brazil rubber trees |
| CN103688768A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Rubber tree tender bud cultivating and budding method |
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| CN101120641A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-02-13 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Seedling budding method for rubber tree minitype bud sticks |
| CN102696390A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-03 | 广东农垦热带作物科学研究所 | Method for promoting budding of seedling budlings of Brazil rubber trees |
| CN103688768A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Rubber tree tender bud cultivating and budding method |
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| Title |
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