CN106489651B - Seedling culture method for rapidly culturing rubber tree seedlings - Google Patents
Seedling culture method for rapidly culturing rubber tree seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN106489651B CN106489651B CN201611013342.2A CN201611013342A CN106489651B CN 106489651 B CN106489651 B CN 106489651B CN 201611013342 A CN201611013342 A CN 201611013342A CN 106489651 B CN106489651 B CN 106489651B
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- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a seedling culture method for quickly culturing rubber tree seedlings, which comprises the following steps: (1) picking the top of the seedling planted for 2-7 days after budding, wherein the top picking part is below the first true leaf pair; watering after 2 days of top picking; (2) picking the top for 8-12 days, and then sprouting; (3) after sprouting, each plant is only subjected to sprouting for 1 time; (4) continuously cultivating to obtain the stable 2 fluffy leaf seedlings. The method of the invention needs a short outplanting period of only 6 months; the invention only needs 1 bud picking work, and the labor intensity is low; the germination rate and the seedling survival rate obtained by the method are high; and avoids the trouble of terminal bud during seedling culture, so that bud sprouting of the bud-grafted nursery stock is relatively regular, and the nursery time is relatively consistent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a seedling culture method for quickly culturing rubber tree seedlings.
Background
The traditional rubber tree seedling cultivation method comprises the steps of planting the bud-grafted seedlings in bags, unbinding the bud-grafted seedlings after 30-50 days, then preserving a pair of true leaves after 1-2 weeks, picking the tops of the true leaves (picking the tops of the first pair of true leaves), then starting sprouting of bud grafting sheets after about two weeks, cultivating the bud-grafted seedlings into 2-petiole-stable bag seedlings after about 8-10 months, and taking out the bag seedlings from the nursery, wherein field bud picking (including the step of removing stock buds and terminal buds) is carried out for a plurality of times (not less than 5 times) between the beginning of sprouting and the emergence of the nursery.
At present, the improvement of the seedling raising method of the rubber trees mostly focuses on the aspects of sprouting and bud picking. For example, Chinese patent 201210225304.9, based on the conventional method, improves the germination rate and the germination uniformity through the selection of fertilizer and the fertilization mode thereof and the improvement of germination (especially the improvement of germination promoter). And as Chinese patent 201410024680.0, the improvement of the bud picking device and the use method thereof realizes the improvement of the seedling rate.
However, the method of the above patent either requires a relatively complicated chemical or fertilizer, or requires a special equipment and a relatively severe operation, which is difficult to be popularized. Most importantly, on the premise of ensuring good survival rate and germination rate, the conventional seedling raising method needs complicated multiple bud picking work, the outplanting period is too long, the bud picking time is difficult to fix, and the buds are not neat. The above patent does not solve the most important problem of long nursery cycle, and cannot improve the production efficiency in the field as a whole. In actual production activities, if the bud grafting time is late (after 10 months in the year, the bud grafting time of a part of seedlings is greatly affected by the seed falling time and the large amount of bud seedlings and the like), the top picking time is not properly processed (late processing), so that the outplanting of the seedlings in the second year is delayed, and the time for planting the seedlings in rainy season is missed. Shortening the nursery period is the best method for solving the above problems.
Therefore, the field needs a seedling raising method for rubber tree seedlings, which can greatly shorten the outplanting period, has simple operation method, does not need to apply complex reagents, and has high germination rate and seedling survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a seedling culture method for quickly culturing rubber tree seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) picking the top of the seedling which is planted for 2-7 days after the bud grafting of the miniature bud strip or the young bud strip, wherein the top picking part is below the first pair of true leaves; watering after 2 days of top picking;
(2) picking the top for 8-12 days, and then sprouting;
(3) after sprouting, each plant is only subjected to sprouting for 1 time;
(4) continuously cultivating to obtain the stable 2 fluffy leaf seedlings.
Through a great deal of research, the inventor of the invention finds that when the topping is carried out from the lower part of the first true leaf pair but not from the upper part of the first true leaf pair (namely, the topping of the first true leaf pair is reserved), and then the following method of the invention is matched, the outplanting period can be greatly reduced (only 6 months). More importantly: the method only needs 1 bud picking operation when bud picking, saves a large amount of manpower and material resources compared with the conventional method which needs a plurality of times (at least 5 times), avoids the trouble of terminal bud during seedling raising, ensures that bud picking seedlings are relatively neat in sprouting and relatively consistent in outplanting time.
Preferably, in the step (1), the planting is planting in a nutrition bag.
Preferably, in the step (1), the seedlings which are planted for 2-4 days after the micro buds or the young buds are bud-grafted are picked up; more preferably, in the step (1), the seedlings which are planted for 3 days after the buds are grafted by the micro buds or the young buds are picked.
In general, in the step (1), the amount of water is such that the seedling substrate is kept wet when the water is applied.
Preferably, the sprouting is carried out 10 days after topping.
And the bud picking is to wipe off stock wood buds.
After sprouting and before sprouting, applying a compound fertilizer to the seedlings; preferably, the compound fertilizer is applied to the seedlings 1 month after sprouting and before sprouting.
The invention has no special limitation on the compound fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is used only for better promoting the growth of the nursery stock at the stage. The conventional fertilizer is adopted, so that the technical effect of the invention is not influenced.
In the step (4), the cultivation time is 6 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method of the invention needs a short outplanting period of only 6 months;
(2) the invention only needs 1 bud picking work, and the labor intensity is low;
(3) the germination rate and the seedling survival rate obtained by the method are high;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of germination rate and survival rate obtained by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, and it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The general meanings of the terms referred to herein and their commonly known uses in the art are as follows:
bud picking: the bud points which are extracted are erased, the normally extracted bud points are not erased, after rubber tree budding, when the bud points of the bud sheets are not extracted, because of top advantages or other reasons, some buds emerge from the top of the stock or the bottom of the stock, and if the bud points are not processed, the bud point germination of the budding bud sheets can be influenced.
Bud grafting: as the name implies, the bud slice of one plant is grafted to the stem of another plant, and after the bud slice sprouts, most of the plant retains the characteristics of foreign bud slice varieties. In the production of rubber tree seedlings, the bud grafting application is common because the rubber tree seedling cultivation is to establish a propagation nursery for good varieties, strip buds from the propagation nursery, and graft the buds onto stocks, thereby cultivating a large amount of seedlings with good varieties in order and consistency.
Sprouting: after the bud sheet is grafted to the stock, the bud point of the bud sheet begins to germinate under the action of hormone and nutrient substances, and the bud sheet is called sprouting.
Top picking: the top part is cut off or pinched off, the top of the rubber tree is picked after budding, if the bud slice of the budding at the bottom of the top is not picked, because the top advantage can not bud, only the top part is cut off, or the bud picked later on at the top part is wiped off, the bud point of the budding bud slice can be guaranteed to bud normally.
Example 1
1. Materials: rubber tree stock (seed seedlings with seeds cultured in sand bed for about 2 weeks) and rubber tree bud grafting bud sheets (micro bud strips cultured by tissue culture and rapid propagation).
2. The bud grafting method comprises the steps of carrying out bud grafting on conventional seedlings, planting the bud-grafted seedlings in a nutrition bag, picking the top of the planted seedlings from the lower part of a first pair of true leaves on 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after the bud grafting to form bald stem type seedlings, watering once 2 days after the top picking, keeping the humidity of seedling culture matrixes in the bag, carrying out bud picking 8-12 days later, starting sprouting on the seedlings, applying compound fertilizer after sprouting for one month to accelerate the growth of the seedlings, carrying out bud picking (removing stock buds) for 1 time per plant after sprouting, carrying out bud picking no longer at the later stage, and culturing the stable seedling cultured in the bag with 2 fluffy leaves for 6 months.
Experimental example 1
The germination rate and survival rate obtained by the method of example 1 were measured 20 days after planting, and the results are shown in table 1 and fig. 1.
TABLE 1
Note: the "picking days" in the table means that the picking will be performed the first day after planting.
From the aspect of survival of the test tube bud grafting by bud picking time after the test tube bud grafting, the survival rate of the test tube bud grafting for the seedling bud grafting is higher and reaches 93 percent on average; the top picking survival rate is the highest at 95% on the 7 th day after bud grafting, the top picking survival rate is 94% on the 3 rd day, and the top picking survival rates at 92% and 91% on the 4 th and 2 nd days respectively. From the bud ratio of the bud survival seedlings, the average bud ratio of the bud grafting of the seedlings by using the test tube bud strips is 77%, the highest bud ratio is 81% on the 3 rd day of top picking, the second 80% on the 2 nd day of top picking, and the bud ratios on the 4 th day and the 7 th day of top picking are more than 70%.
Experimental example 2
The conventional method comprises the following steps: unbinding the micro bud strips 45 days after budding, and then investigating the bud picking survival rate after one week, wherein the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The time for leaving the nursery is 8-10 months.
Although the survival rate of the invention is not greatly improved compared with the conventional method. But the time for outplanting is greatly reduced (from 8-10 months to 6 months); and more importantly, the method only needs 1 bud picking work, while the bud picking times needed by the conventional method in the field are usually not less than 5 times.
Claims (1)
1. A seedling raising method for quickly culturing rubber tree seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) picking the top of the seedling which is planted for 3 days after the bud grafting of the miniature bud strip or the young bud strip, wherein the top picking part is the part below the first pair of true leaves; watering after 2 days of top picking;
(2) picking the top for 10 days and then sprouting;
(3) after sprouting, each plant is only subjected to sprouting for 1 time;
(4) continuously cultivating to obtain stable 2-fleabane-leaf seedlings;
in the step (4), the cultivation time is 6 months;
the bud picking is to wipe off stock wood buds;
applying a compound fertilizer to the seedlings 1 month after sprouting and before sprouting;
the planting is planting in a nutrition bag;
in the step (1), when watering, the watering amount is such that the seedling substrate keeps moist.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611013342.2A CN106489651B (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2016-11-17 | Seedling culture method for rapidly culturing rubber tree seedlings |
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| CN201611013342.2A CN106489651B (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2016-11-17 | Seedling culture method for rapidly culturing rubber tree seedlings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101491196B (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2011-08-31 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Needle-picking bud-nipping method of budding raising sprout |
| CN102119641B (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2012-07-18 | 暨南大学 | Cultivation method for boosting tropical and subtropical fruit trees to grow quickly |
| CN102696390B (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2013-10-23 | 广东农垦热带作物科学研究所 | Method for promoting budding of seedling budlings of Brazil rubber trees |
| CN103688768B (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-09-30 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of bamboo grows children tender shoots bar is cultivated and budding method |
| CN103947448B (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-08-12 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | A kind of raising Rubber seedling budling is sprouted and grows conforming method |
| CN105746282B (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2018-07-27 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Rubber tree budling nursery proliferation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing |
| CN106069487A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of breeding method of macadimia nut seedling |
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Inventor after: Sun Xiaolong Inventor after: Liang Guoping Inventor after: Gui Mingchun Inventor after: Ning Lianyun Inventor after: Tian Hai Inventor after: Huang Jing Inventor after: Yu Jingjuan Inventor before: Sun Xiaolong Inventor before: Liang Guoping Inventor before: Gui Mingchun Inventor before: Ning Lianyun Inventor before: Tian Hai Inventor before: Huang Jing |
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